1
|
Chen C, Wu Q, Yue J, Wang X, Wang C, Wei R, Li R, Jin G, Chen T, Chen P. A cyclic nucleotide-gated channel gene HcCNGC21 positively regulates salt and drought stress responses in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 345:112111. [PMID: 38734143 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels (CNGCs) serve as Ca2+ permeable cation transport pathways, which are involved in the regulation of various biological functions such as plant cell ion selective permeability, growth and development, responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. At the present study, a total of 31 CNGC genes were identified and bioinformatically analyzed in kenaf. Among these genes, HcCNGC21 characterized to localize at the plasma membrane, with the highest expression levels in leaves, followed by roots. In addition, HcCNGC21 could be significantly induced under salt or drought stress. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of HcCNGC21 in kenaf caused notable growth inhibition under salt or drought stress, characterized by reductions in plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, root length, root surface area, and root tip number. Meanwhile, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly decreased, accompanied by reduced levels of osmoregulatory substances and total chlorophyll content. However, ROS accumulation and Na+ content increased. The expression of stress-responsive genes, such as HcSOD, HcPOD, HcCAT, HcERF3, HcNAC29, HcP5CS, HcLTP, and HcNCED, was significantly downregulated in these silenced lines. However, under salt or drought stress, the physiological performance and expression of stress-related genes in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing HcCNGC21 were diametrically opposite to those of TRV2-HcCNGC21 kenaf line. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays revealed that HcCNGC21 interacts with HcAnnexin D1. These findings collectively underscore the positive role of HcCNGC21 in plant resistance to salt and drought stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Canni Chen
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qijing Wu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jiao Yue
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Caijin Wang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Rujian Wei
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ru Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Gang Jin
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Nanning 530004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Park JC, Yoo Y, Lim H, Yun S, Win KTYS, Kim KM, Lee GS, Cho MH, Lee TH, Sano H, Lee SW. Intracellular Ca 2+ accumulation triggered by caffeine provokes resistance against a broad range of biotic stress in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1049-1064. [PMID: 35098547 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemical pesticides are still frequently overused to diminish such crop loss caused by biotic stress despite the threat to humans and the environment. Thus, it is urgent to find safer and more effective defense strategies. In this study, we report that caffeine, implanted through a transgenic approach, enhances resistance against variable biotic stresses in rice without fitness cost. Caffeine-producing rice (CPR) was generated by introducing three N-methyltransferase genes involved in the biosynthesis of caffeine in coffee plants. The CPR plants have no differences in morphology and growth compared to their wild-type counterparts, but they show strongly enhanced resistance to both bacterial leaf blight, rice blast, and attack of white-backed planthoppers. Caffeine acts as a repellent agent against rice pathogens. Moreover, caffeine triggers a series of Ca2+ signalling-like processes to synthesize salicylic acid (SA), a hormone associated with plant resistance. In CPR, phosphodiesterase was inhibited by caffeine, cAMP and cGMP increased, intracellular Ca2+ increased, phenylalanine lyase (PAL) was activated by OsCPK1, and SA synthesis was activated. This finding is a novel strategy to improve resistance against the biotic stresses of crops with a special type of defense inducer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Crop Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngchul Yoo
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Crop Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Lim
- Forest Bioresources Department, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sopheap Yun
- Division of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kay Tha Ye Soe Win
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Crop Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- Division of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang-Seob Lee
- Genomics Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Ho Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiroshi Sano
- Research and Education Center for Genetic Information, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Crop Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Miras-Moreno B, Zhang L, Senizza B, Lucini L. A metabolomics insight into the Cyclic Nucleotide Monophosphate signaling cascade in tomato under non-stress and salinity conditions. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 309:110955. [PMID: 34134851 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic Nucleotides Monophosphate (cNMP) are key signalling compounds whose role in plant cell signal transduction is still poorly understood. In this work we used sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor used in human, to amplify the signal cascade triggered by cNMP using tomato as model plant. Metabolomics was then used, together with plant growth and root architecture parameters, to unravel the changes elicited by PDE inhibition either under non-stress and 100 mM NaCl salinity conditions. The PDE inhibitor elicited a significant increase in biomass (+62 %) and root length (+56 %) under no stress conditions, and affected root architecture in terms of distribution over diameter classes. Together with cGMP, others cNMP were modulated by the treatment. Moreover, PDE inhibition triggered a broad metabolic reprogramming involving photosynthesis and secondary metabolism. A complex crosstalk network of phytohormones and other signalling compounds could be observed in treated plants. Nonetheless, metabolites related to redox imbalance processes and NO signalling could be highlighted in tomato following PDE application. Despite salinity damped down the growth-promoting effects of sildenafil, interesting implications in plant mitigation to stress-related detrimental effects could be observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Miras-Moreno
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Senizza
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou W, Chi W, Shen W, Dou W, Wang J, Tian X, Gehring C, Wong A. Computational Identification of Functional Centers in Complex Proteins: A Step-by-Step Guide With Examples. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 1:652286. [PMID: 36303732 PMCID: PMC9581015 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2021.652286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In proteins, functional centers consist of the key amino acids required to perform molecular functions such as catalysis, ligand-binding, hormone- and gas-sensing. These centers are often embedded within complex multi-domain proteins and can perform important cellular signaling functions that enable fine-tuning of temporal and spatial regulation of signaling molecules and networks. To discover hidden functional centers, we have developed a protocol that consists of the following sequential steps. The first is the assembly of a search motif based on the key amino acids in the functional center followed by querying proteomes of interest with the assembled motif. The second consists of a structural assessment of proteins that harbor the motif. This approach, that relies on the application of computational tools for the analysis of data in public repositories and the biological interpretation of the search results, has to-date uncovered several novel functional centers in complex proteins. Here, we use recent examples to describe a step-by-step guide that details the workflow of this approach and supplement with notes, recommendations and cautions to make this protocol robust and widely applicable for the discovery of hidden functional centers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Chi
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wanting Shen
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wanying Dou
- Department of Computer Science, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuechen Tian
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Christoph Gehring
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Aloysius Wong
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Aloysius Wong
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Blanco E, Fortunato S, Viggiano L, de Pinto MC. Cyclic AMP: A Polyhedral Signalling Molecule in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4862. [PMID: 32660128 PMCID: PMC7402341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclic nucleotide cAMP (3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is nowadays recognised as an important signalling molecule in plants, involved in many molecular processes, including sensing and response to biotic and abiotic environmental stresses. The validation of a functional cAMP-dependent signalling system in higher plants has spurred a great scientific interest on the polyhedral role of cAMP, as it actively participates in plant adaptation to external stimuli, in addition to the regulation of physiological processes. The complex architecture of cAMP-dependent pathways is far from being fully understood, because the actors of these pathways and their downstream target proteins remain largely unidentified. Recently, a genetic strategy was effectively used to lower cAMP cytosolic levels and hence shed light on the consequences of cAMP deficiency in plant cells. This review aims to provide an integrated overview of the current state of knowledge on cAMP's role in plant growth and response to environmental stress. Current knowledge of the molecular components and the mechanisms of cAMP signalling events is summarised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Blanco
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Fortunato
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.F.); (L.V.)
| | - Luigi Viggiano
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.F.); (L.V.)
| | - Maria Concetta de Pinto
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (S.F.); (L.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Duszyn M, Świeżawska B, Szmidt-Jaworska A, Jaworski K. Cyclic nucleotide gated channels (CNGCs) in plant signalling-Current knowledge and perspectives. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 241:153035. [PMID: 31491601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cell signaling is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that responds and adapts to various internal and external factors. Generally, a signal is mediated by various signaling molecules and is transferred to a cascade of effector proteins. To date, there is significant evidence that cyclic nucleotides (cNMPs), e.g., adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP), may represent important elements of many signaling pathways in plants. However, in contrast to the impressive progress made in understanding cyclic nucleotide signaling in mammalian hosts, only few studies have investigated this topic in plants. Existing evidence indicates that cNMPs participate in growth and developmental processes, as well as the response to various stresses. Once synthesized by adenylyl or guanylyl cyclases, these signals are transduced by acting through a number of cellular effectors. The regulatory effects of cNMPs in eukaryotes can be mediated via various downstream effector proteins, such as protein kinases, Exchange Protein directly Activated by cAMP (EPAC), and Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated ion Channels (CNGC). These proteins sense changes in intracellular cNMP levels and regulate numerous cellular responses. Moreover, the amplitude of cNMP levels and the duration of its signal in the cell is also governed by phosphodiesterases (PDEs), enzymes that are responsible for the breakdown of cNMPs. Data collected in recent years strongly suggest that cyclic nucleotide gated channels are the main cNMP effectors in plant cells. These channels are important cellular switches that transduce changes in intracellular concentrations of cyclic nucleotides into changes in membrane potential and ion concentrations. Structurally, these channels belong to the superfamily of pore-loop cation channels. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular properties of CNGC structure, regulation and ion selectivity, and subcellular localization, as well as describing the signal transduction pathways in which these channels are involved. We will also summarize recent insights into the role of CNGC proteins in plant growth, development and response to stressors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Duszyn
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Lwowska St. 1, PL 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Brygida Świeżawska
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Lwowska St. 1, PL 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Adriana Szmidt-Jaworska
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Lwowska St. 1, PL 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Jaworski
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Lwowska St. 1, PL 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pawłowicz I, Waśkiewicz A, Perlikowski D, Rapacz M, Ratajczak D, Kosmala A. Remodeling of chloroplast proteome under salinity affects salt tolerance of Festuca arundinacea. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 137:475-492. [PMID: 29881986 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Acclimation of photosynthetic apparatus to variable environmental conditions is an important component of tolerance to dehydration stresses, including salinity. The present study deals with the research on alterations in chloroplast proteome of the forage grasses. Based on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, two genotypes of a model grass species-Festuca arundinacea with distinct levels of salinity tolerance: low salt tolerant (LST) and high salt tolerant (HST), were selected. Next, two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were applied under both control and salt stress conditions to identify proteins accumulated differentially between these two genotypes. The physiological analysis revealed that under NaCl treatment the studied plants differed in photosystem II activity, water content, and ion accumulation. The differentially accumulated proteins included ATPase B, ATP synthase, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase large and small subunits, cytochrome b6-f complex iron-sulfur subunit, oxygen-evolving enhancer proteins (OEE), OEE1 and OEE2, plastidic fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (pFBA), and lipocalin. A higher level of lipocalin, potentially involved in prevention of lipid peroxidation under stress, was also observed in the HST genotype. Our physiological and proteomic results performed for the first time on the species of forage grasses clearly showed that chloroplast metabolism adjustment could be a crucial factor in developing salinity tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Pawłowicz
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Waśkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dawid Perlikowski
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Rapacz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Podluzna 3, 30-239, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominika Ratajczak
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Kosmala
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wong A, Tian X, Gehring C, Marondedze C. Discovery of Novel Functional Centers With Rationally Designed Amino Acid Motifs. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 16:70-76. [PMID: 29977479 PMCID: PMC6026216 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are constantly exposed to environmental stresses and in part due to their sessile nature, they have evolved signal perception and adaptive strategies that are distinct from those of other eukaryotes. This is reflected at the cellular level where receptors and signalling molecules cannot be identified using standard homology-based searches querying with proteins from prokaryotes and other eukaryotes. One of the reasons for this is the complex domain architecture of receptor molecules. In order to discover hidden plant signalling molecules, we have developed a motif-based approach designed specifically for the identification of functional centers in plant molecules. This has made possible the discovery of novel components involved in signalling and stimulus-response pathways; the molecules include cyclic nucleotide cyclases, a nitric oxide sensor and a novel target for the hormone abscisic acid. Here, we describe the major steps of the method and illustrate it with recent and experimentally confirmed molecules as examples. We foresee that carefully curated search motifs supported by structural and bioinformatic assessments will uncover many more structural and functional aspects, particularly of signalling molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aloysius Wong
- Department of Biology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325060, China
| | - Xuechen Tian
- Department of Biology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325060, China
| | - Chris Gehring
- Department of Chemistry, Biology & Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Borgo XX giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudius Marondedze
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA/DRF/BIG, INRA UMR1417, CNRS UMR5168, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Świeżawska B, Duszyn M, Jaworski K, Szmidt-Jaworska A. Downstream Targets of Cyclic Nucleotides in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1428. [PMID: 30327660 PMCID: PMC6174285 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Efficient integration of various external and internal signals is required to maintain adaptive cellular function. Numerous distinct signal transduction systems have evolved to allow cells to receive these inputs, to translate their codes and, subsequently, to expand and integrate their meanings. Two of these, cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP, together referred to as the cyclic nucleotide signaling system, are between them. The cyclic nucleotides regulate a vast number of processes in almost all living organisms. Once synthesized by adenylyl or guanylyl cyclases, cyclic nucleotides transduce signals by acting through a number of cellular effectors. Because the activities of several of these effectors are altered simultaneously in response to temporal changes in cyclic nucleotide levels, agents that increase cAMP/cGMP levels can trigger multiple signaling events that markedly affect numerous cellular functions. In this mini review, we summarize recent evidence supporting the existence of cNMP effectors in plant cells. Specifically, we highlight cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), cGMP-dependent kinase G (PKG), and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Essentially this manuscript documents the progress that has been achieved in recent decades in improving our understanding of the regulation and function of cNMPs in plants and emphasizes the current gaps and unanswered questions in this field of plant signaling research.
Collapse
|
10
|
Isner JC, Maathuis FJM. cGMP signalling in plants: from enigma to main stream. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:93-101. [PMID: 32291024 DOI: 10.1071/fp16337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
All living organisms communicate with their environment, and part of this dialogue is mediated by secondary messengers such as cyclic guanosine mono phosphate (cGMP). In plants, most of the specific components that allow production and breakdown of cGMP have now been identified apart from cGMP dependent phosphodiesterases, enzymes responsible for cGMP catabolism. Irrespectively, the role of cGMP in plant signal transductions is now firmly established with involvement of this nucleotide in development, stress response, ion homeostasis and hormone function. Within these areas, several consistent themes where cGMP may be particularly relevant are slowly emerging: these include regulation of cation fluxes, for example via cyclic nucleotide gated channels and in stomatal functioning. Many details of signalling pathways that incorporate cGMP remain to be unveiled. These include downstream targets other than a small number of ion channels, in particular cGMP dependent kinases. Improved genomics tools may help in this respect, especially since many proteins involved in cGMP signalling appear to have multiple and often overlapping functional domains which hampers identification on the basis of simple homology searches. Another open question regards the topographical distribution of cGMP signals are they cell limited? Does long distance cGMP signalling occur and if so, by what mechanisms? The advent of non-disruptive fluorescent reporters with high spatial and temporal resolution will provide a tool to accelerate progress in all these areas. Automation can facilitate large scale screens of mutants or the action of effectors that impact on cGMP signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Charles Isner
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Miao H, Zhang S, Wang M, Wang Y, Weng Y, Gu X. Fine Mapping of Virescent Leaf Gene v-1 in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101602. [PMID: 27669214 PMCID: PMC5085635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf color mutants are common in higher plants that can be used as markers in crop breeding or as an important tool in understanding regulatory mechanisms in chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development. In virescent leaf mutants, young leaves are yellow in color, which gradually return to normal green when the seedlings grow large. In the present study, we conducted phenotypic characterization and genetic mapping of the cucumber virescent leaf mutant 9110Gt conferred by the v-1 locus. Total chlorophyll and carotenoid content in 9110Gt was reduced by 44% and 21%, respectively, as compared with its wild type parental line 9110G. Electron microscopic investigation revealed fewer chloroplasts per cell and thylakoids per chloroplast in 9110Gt than in 9110G. Fine genetic mapping allowed for the assignment of the v-1 locus to a 50.4 kb genomic DNA region in chromosome 6 with two flanking markers that were 0.14 and 0.16 cM away from v-1, respectively. Multiple lines of evidence supported CsaCNGCs as the only candidate gene for the v-1 locus, which encoded a cyclic-nucleotide-gated ion channel protein. A single nucleotide change in the promoter region of v-1 seemed to be associated with the virescent color change in 9110Gt. Real-time PCR revealed significantly lower expression of CsaCNGCs in the true leaves of 9110Gt than in 9110G. This was the first report that connected the CsaCNGCs gene to virescent leaf color change, which provided a useful tool to establish linkages among virescent leaf color change, chloroplast development, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and the functions of the CsaCNGCs gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Miao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
- USDA-ARS Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Shengping Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Ye Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yiqun Weng
- USDA-ARS Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Xingfang Gu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rider MH. Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in metabolic depression in animals. J Comp Physiol B 2015; 186:1-16. [PMID: 26174210 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-015-0920-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a highly conserved eukaryotic protein serine/threonine kinase that controls cellular and whole body energy homoeostasis. AMPK is activated during energy stress by a rise in AMP:ATP ratio and maintains energy balance by phosphorylating targets to switch on catabolic ATP-generating pathways, while at the same time switching off anabolic ATP-consuming processes. Metabolic depression is a strategy used by many animals to survive environmental stress and has been extensively studied across phylogeny by comparative biochemists and physiologists, but the role of AMPK has only recently been addressed. This review first deals with the evolution of AMPK in eukaryotes (excluding plants and fungi) and its regulation. Changes in adenine nucleotides and AMPK activation are described in animals during environmental energy stress, before considering the involvement of AMPK in controlling β-oxidation, fatty acid synthesis, triacylglycerol mobilization and protein synthesis. Lastly, strategies are presented to validate the role of AMPK in mediating metabolic depression by phosphorylating downstream targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Rider
- de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Qin Y, Shen X, Wang N, Ding X. Characterization of a novel cyclase-like gene family involved in controlling stress tolerance in rice. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 181:30-41. [PMID: 25974367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel cyclase-like gene family (CYL) encodes proteins containing cyclase domain, but their functions are largely unknown. We report the systematic identification and characterization of CYL genes in the rice genome. Five putative CYL protein sequences (OsCYL1 to 4b) were identified. These sequences and other CYL homologs were classified into four subgroups based on phylogenetic analysis. Distinct diversification of these CYL proteins exists between plants and non-plants. The CYL family has conserved exon-intron structures, and the organizations of putative motifs in plants are specifically diverse. All OsCYL genes were expressed in a wide range of tissues or organs and were responsive to at least one of the abiotic stresses and hormone treatments applied. Protein OsCYL4a is targeted to the cell membrane. The overexpression of one stress-responsive gene OsCYL4a in rice resulted in decreased tolerance to salt, drought, cold, and oxidative stress. The expression levels of some abiotic stress-responsive factors, including H2O2-accumulating negative factors DST and OsSKIPa in OsCYL4a-overexpressing plants, were reduced compared with the wild type under normal condition and drought stress. These results suggest that rice CYL family may be functionally conserved polyketide cyclase, resulting in the rapid accumulation of reactive oxygen species to decrease tolerance to abiotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Qin
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area, College of Life Sciences, South Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area, College of Life Sciences, South Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Nili Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xipeng Ding
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou 571737, Hainan, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Maathuis FJM. Sodium in plants: perception, signalling, and regulation of sodium fluxes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:849-58. [PMID: 24151301 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although not essential for most plants, sodium (Na(+)) can be beneficial to plants in many conditions, particularly when potassium (K(+)) is deficient. As such it can be regarded a 'non-essential' or 'functional' nutrient. By contrast, the many salinized areas around the globe force plants to deal with toxicity from high levels of Na(+) in the environment and within tissues. Progress has been made in identifying the relevant membrane transporters involved in the uptake and distribution of Na(+). The latter is important in the context of mitigating salinity stress but also for the optimization of Na(+) as an abundantly available functional nutrient. In both cases plants are likely to require mechanism(s) to monitor Na(+) concentration, possibly in multiple compartments, to regulate gene expression and transport activities. Extremely little is known about whether such mechanisms are present and if so, how they operate, either at the cellular or the tissue level. This paper gives an overview of the regulatory and potential sensing mechanisms that pertain to Na(+), in both the context of salt stress and Na(+) as a nutrient.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ito M, Takahashi H, Sawasaki T, Ohnishi K, Hikichi Y, Kiba A. Novel type of adenylyl cyclase participates in tabtoxinine-β-lactam-induced cell death and occurrence of wildfire disease in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e27420. [PMID: 24398509 PMCID: PMC4091384 DOI: 10.4161/psb.27420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Tabtoxinine-β-lactam (TβL), a non-specific bacterial toxin, is produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, the causal agent of tobacco wildfire disease. TβL causes the plant cell death by the inhibiting glutamine synthetase, which leads to an abnormal accumulation of ammonium ions. To better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in TβL-induced cell death and necrotic wildfire lesions, we focused on adenylyl cyclase in Nicotiana benthamiana. We isolated the gene designated as NbAC (Nicotiana benthamiana adenylyl cyclase). Recombinant NbAC protein showed adenylyl cyclase activity in vitro. TβL-induced necrotic lesions were significantly suppressed in NbAC-silenced leaves compared with control plant leaves. However, the amount of ammonium ions was scarcely affected by NbAC-silencing. Furthermore, the silencing of NbAC also suppressed l-methionine sulfoximine-induced cell death without any changes in the amount of ammonium accumulated. When inoculated directly with P. syringae pv tabaci, NbAC-silenced plants showed reduced symptoms. These results suggest that NbAC might play an essential role in intracellular signal transduction during TβL-induced cell death and necrotic wildfire disease development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ito
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Biotechnology; Faculty of Agriculture; Kochi University; Nankoku, Japan
| | | | | | - Kouhei Ohnishi
- Research Institute of Molecular Genetics; Kochi University; Nankoku, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Hikichi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Biotechnology; Faculty of Agriculture; Kochi University; Nankoku, Japan
| | - Akinori Kiba
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Biotechnology; Faculty of Agriculture; Kochi University; Nankoku, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Donaldson L, Meier S. An affinity pull-down approach to identify the plant cyclic nucleotide interactome. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1016:155-73. [PMID: 23681578 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-441-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotides (CNs) are intracellular second messengers that play an important role in mediating physiological responses to environmental and developmental signals, in species ranging from bacteria to humans. In response to these signals, CNs are synthesized by nucleotidyl cyclases and then act by binding to and altering the activity of downstream target proteins known as cyclic nucleotide-binding proteins (CNBPs). A number of CNBPs have been identified across kingdoms including transcription factors, protein kinases, phosphodiesterases, and channels, all of which harbor conserved CN-binding domains. In plants however, few CNBPs have been identified as homology searches fail to return plant sequences with significant matches to known CNBPs. Recently, affinity pull-down techniques have been successfully used to identify CNBPs in animals and have provided new insights into CN signaling. The application of these techniques to plants has not yet been extensively explored and offers an alternative approach toward the unbiased discovery of novel CNBP candidates in plants. Here, an affinity pull-down technique for the identification of the plant CN interactome is presented. In summary, the method involves an extraction of plant proteins which is incubated with a CN-bait, followed by a series of increasingly stringent elutions that eliminates proteins in a sequential manner according to their affinity to the bait. The eluted and bait-bound proteins are separated by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis, excised, and digested with trypsin after which the resultant peptides are identified by mass spectrometry-techniques that are commonplace in proteomics experiments. The discovery of plant CNBPs promises to provide valuable insight into the mechanism of CN signal transduction in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Donaldson
- Division of Chemical and Life Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kovacs I, Lindermayr C. Nitric oxide-based protein modification: formation and site-specificity of protein S-nitrosylation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:137. [PMID: 23717319 PMCID: PMC3653056 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a reactive free radical with pleiotropic functions that participates in diverse biological processes in plants, such as germination, root development, stomatal closing, abiotic stress, and defense responses. It acts mainly through redox-based modification of cysteine residue(s) of target proteins, called protein S-nitrosylation.In this way NO regulates numerous cellular functions and signaling events in plants. Identification of S-nitrosylated substrates and their exact target cysteine residue(s) is very important to reveal the molecular mechanisms and regulatory roles of S-nitrosylation. In addition to the necessity of protein-protein interaction for trans-nitrosylation and denitrosylation reactions, the cellular redox environment and cysteine thiol micro-environment have been proposed important factors for the specificity of protein S-nitrosylation. Several methods have recently been developed for the proteomic identification of target proteins. However, the specificity of NO-based cysteine modification is still less defined. In this review, we discuss formation and specificity of S-nitrosylation. Special focus will be on potential S-nitrosylation motifs, site-specific proteomic analyses, computational predictions using different algorithms, and on structural analysis of cysteine S-nitrosylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Lindermayr
- *Correspondence: Christian Lindermayr, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany. e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kovacs I, Lindermayr C. Nitric oxide-based protein modification: formation and site-specificity of protein S-nitrosylation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:229. [PMID: 23717319 PMCID: PMC3701225 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a reactive free radical with pleiotropic functions that participates in diverse biological processes in plants, such as germination, root development, stomatal closing, abiotic stress, and defense responses. It acts mainly through redox-based modification of cysteine residue(s) of target proteins, called protein S-nitrosylation.In this way NO regulates numerous cellular functions and signaling events in plants. Identification of S-nitrosylated substrates and their exact target cysteine residue(s) is very important to reveal the molecular mechanisms and regulatory roles of S-nitrosylation. In addition to the necessity of protein-protein interaction for trans-nitrosylation and denitrosylation reactions, the cellular redox environment and cysteine thiol micro-environment have been proposed important factors for the specificity of protein S-nitrosylation. Several methods have recently been developed for the proteomic identification of target proteins. However, the specificity of NO-based cysteine modification is still less defined. In this review, we discuss formation and specificity of S-nitrosylation. Special focus will be on potential S-nitrosylation motifs, site-specific proteomic analyses, computational predictions using different algorithms, and on structural analysis of cysteine S-nitrosylation.
Collapse
|
19
|
Gao F, Han X, Wu J, Zheng S, Shang Z, Sun D, Zhou R, Li B. A heat-activated calcium-permeable channel--Arabidopsis cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 6--is involved in heat shock responses. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 70:1056-69. [PMID: 22372427 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.04969.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
An increased concentration of cytosolic calcium ions (Ca²⁺) is an early response by plant cells to heat shock. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the heat-induced initial Ca²⁺ response in plants is unclear. In this study, we identified and characterized a heat-activated Ca²⁺-permeable channel in the plasma membrane of Arabidopsis thaliana root protoplasts using reverse genetic analysis and the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. The results indicated that A. thaliana cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 6 (CNGC6) mediates heat-induced Ca²⁺ influx and facilitates expression of heat shock protein (HSP) genes and the acquisition of thermotolerance. GUS and GFP reporter assays showed that CNGC6 expression is ubiquitous in A. thaliana, and the protein is localized to the plasma membrane of cells. Furthermore, it was found that the level of cytosolic cAMP was increased by a mild heat shock, that CNGC6 was activated by cytosolic cAMP, and that exogenous cAMP promoted the expression of HSP genes. The results reveal the role of cAMP in transduction of heat shock signals in plants. The correlation of an increased level of cytosolic cAMP in a heat-shocked plant with activation of the Ca²⁺ channels and downstream expression of HSP genes sheds some light on how plants transduce a heat stimulus into a signal cascade that leads to a heat shock response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Isner JC, Nühse T, Maathuis FJM. The cyclic nucleotide cGMP is involved in plant hormone signalling and alters phosphorylation of Arabidopsis thaliana root proteins. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:3199-205. [PMID: 22345640 PMCID: PMC3350932 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The cyclic nucleotide cGMP has been shown to play important roles in plant development and responses to abiotic and biotic stress. Yet much controversy remains regarding the exact role of this second messenger. Progress in unravelling cGMP function in plants was hampered by laborious and time-consuming methodology to measure changes in cellular [cGMP] but the development of fluorescence-based reporters has removed this disadvantage. This study used the FlincG cGMP reporter to investigate potential interactions between phytohormone and cGMP signalling and found a rapid and significant effect of the hormones abscisic acid (ABA), auxin (IAA), and jasmonic acid (JA) on cytoplasmic cGMP levels. In contrast, brassinosteroids and cytokinin did not evoke a cGMP signal. The effects of ABA, IAA, and JA were apparent at external concentrations in the nanomolar range with EC50 values of around 1000, 300, and 0.03 nmoles for ABA, IAA, and JA respectively. To examine potential mechanisms for how hormone-induced cGMP signals are propagated, the role of protein phosphorylation was tested. A phosphoproteomics analysis on Arabidopsis thaliana root microsomal proteins in the absence and presence of membrane-permeable cGMP showed 15 proteins that rapidly (within minutes) changed in phosphorylation status. Out of these, nine were previously shown to also alter phosphorylation status in response to plant hormones, pointing to protein phosphorylation as a target for hormone-induced cGMP signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Nühse
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ma W. Roles of Ca2+ and cyclic nucleotide gated channel in plant innate immunity. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 181:342-6. [PMID: 21889039 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 05/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The increase of cytosolic Ca(2+) is a vital event in plant pathogen signaling cascades. Molecular components linking pathogen signal perception to cytosolic Ca(2+) increase have not been well characterized. Plant cyclic nucleotide gated channels (CNGCs) play important roles in the pathogen signaling cascade, in terms of facilitating Ca(2+) uptake into the cytosol in response to pathogen and pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) signals. Perception of pathogens leads to cyclic nucleotide production and the activation of CNGCs. The Ca(2+) signal is transduced through Ca(2+) sensors (Calmodulin (CaM) and CaM-like proteins (CMLs)), which regulates the production of nitric oxide (NO). In addition, roles of Ca(2+)/CaM interacting proteins such as CaM binding Protein (CBP) and CaM-binding transcription activators (CAMTAs)) have been recently identified in the plant defense signaling cascade as well. Furthermore, Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) have been found to function as components in terms of transcriptional activation in response to a pathogen (PAMP) signal. Although evidence shows that Ca(2+) is an essential signaling component upstream from many vital signaling molecules (such as NO), some work also indicates that these downstream signaling components can also regulate Ca(2+) homeostasis. NO can induce cytosolic Ca(2+) increase (through activation of plasma membrane- and intracellular membrane-localized Ca(2+) channels) during pathogen signaling cascades. Thus, much work is needed to further elucidate the complexity of the plant pathogen signaling network in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mulaudzi T, Ludidi N, Ruzvidzo O, Morse M, Hendricks N, Iwuoha E, Gehring C. Identification of a novel Arabidopsis thaliana nitric oxide-binding molecule with guanylate cyclase activity in vitro. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:2693-7. [PMID: 21820435 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
While there is evidence of nitric oxide (NO)-dependent signalling via the second messenger cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) in plants, guanylate cyclases (GCs), enzymes that catalyse the formation of cGMP from guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) have until recently remained elusive and none of the candidates identified to-date are NO-dependent. Using both a GC and heme-binding domain specific (H-NOX) search motif, we have identified an Arabidopsis flavin monooxygenase (At1g62580) and shown electrochemically that it binds NO, has a higher affinity for NO than for O(2) and that this molecule can generate cGMP from GTP in vitro in an NO-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takalani Mulaudzi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ma W, Berkowitz GA. Ca2+ conduction by plant cyclic nucleotide gated channels and associated signaling components in pathogen defense signal transduction cascades. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 190:566-72. [PMID: 21166809 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03577.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ca(2+) elevation in the cytosol is an essential early event during pathogen response signaling cascades. However, the specific ion channels involved in Ca(2+) influx into plant cells, and how Ca(2+) signals are initiated and regulate downstream events during pathogen defense responses, are at present unclear. Plant cyclic nucleotide gated ion channels (CNGCs) provide a pathway for Ca(2+) conductance across the plasma membrane (PM) and facilitate cytosolic Ca(2+) elevation in response to pathogen signals. Recent studies indicate that the recognition of pathogens results in cyclic nucleotide production and the activation of CNGCs, which leads to downstream generation of pivotal signaling molecules (such as nitric oxide (NO)). Calmodulins (CaMs) and CaM-like proteins (CMLs) are also involved in this signaling, functioning as Ca(2+) sensors and mediating the synthesis of NO during the plant pathogen response signaling cascade. In this article, these and other pivotal signaling components downstream from the Ca(2+) signal, such as Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) and CaM-binding transcription activators (CAMTAs), are discussed in terms of their involvement in the pathogen response signal transduction cascade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- Department of Energy, Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lomovatskaya LA, Romanenko AS, Filinova NV, Dudareva LV. Determination of cAMP in plant cells by a modified enzyme immunoassay method. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2011; 30:125-132. [PMID: 21076834 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-010-0950-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Presently, there is no doubt about the functioning of the adenylate cyclase signaling system in plants, but the role of this system in various physiological-biochemical processes has been investigated insufficiently. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), the key component produced by adenylate cyclase, whose concentrations in plant cells vary rather widely, is the indicator of functional activity for this signaling way. In the latter case, in the process of determination of concentrations of this messenger, one encounters difficulties related to insufficient sensitivity of the methods most frequently applied. In this connection, the proposed mechanism is a modification of the method of the enzyme immunoassay (EIA), which is based on immediate measurement of cAMP concentrations in the sample with the use of antibodies. This modification allows us to determine the concentrations of cAMP with the precision of 5 pM, which exceeds the sensitivity of other methods by approximately 10 times. The specificity of the assay has been confirmed by other two independent tests--the capillary electrophoresis and the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). It has also been compared to the data obtained with the use of the commercial kit from Sigma-Aldrich. The modification has been tested on such plant objects as in vitro potato plants, and suspension cells of potato and Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A Lomovatskaya
- Laboratory of Phytoimmunology, Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lomovatskaya LA, Romanenko AS, Filinova NV, Dudareva LV. Determination of cAMP in plant cells by a modified enzyme immunoassay method. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2011. [PMID: 21076834 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-19-0950-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Presently, there is no doubt about the functioning of the adenylate cyclase signaling system in plants, but the role of this system in various physiological-biochemical processes has been investigated insufficiently. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), the key component produced by adenylate cyclase, whose concentrations in plant cells vary rather widely, is the indicator of functional activity for this signaling way. In the latter case, in the process of determination of concentrations of this messenger, one encounters difficulties related to insufficient sensitivity of the methods most frequently applied. In this connection, the proposed mechanism is a modification of the method of the enzyme immunoassay (EIA), which is based on immediate measurement of cAMP concentrations in the sample with the use of antibodies. This modification allows us to determine the concentrations of cAMP with the precision of 5 pM, which exceeds the sensitivity of other methods by approximately 10 times. The specificity of the assay has been confirmed by other two independent tests--the capillary electrophoresis and the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). It has also been compared to the data obtained with the use of the commercial kit from Sigma-Aldrich. The modification has been tested on such plant objects as in vitro potato plants, and suspension cells of potato and Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A Lomovatskaya
- Laboratory of Phytoimmunology, Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
The Function of Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels in Biotic Stress. ION CHANNELS AND PLANT STRESS RESPONSES 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-10494-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
27
|
Ma W, Qi Z, Smigel A, Walker RK, Verma R, Berkowitz GA. Ca2+, cAMP, and transduction of non-self perception during plant immune responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:20995-1000. [PMID: 19933332 PMCID: PMC2780315 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0905831106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca(2+) influx is an early signal initiating cytosolic immune responses to pathogen perception in plant cells; molecular components linking pathogen recognition to Ca(2+) influx are not delineated. Work presented here provides insights into this biological system of non-self recognition and response activation. We have recently identified a cyclic nucleotide-activated ion channel as facilitating the Ca(2+) flux that initiates immune signaling in the plant cell cytosol. Work in this report shows that elevation of cAMP is a key player in this signaling cascade. We show that cytosolic Ca(2+) elevation, nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species generation, as well as immune signaling, lead to a hypersensitive response upon application of pathogens and/or conserved molecules that are components of microbes and are all dependent on cAMP generation. Exogenous cAMP leads to Ca(2+) channel-dependent cytosolic Ca(2+) elevation, NO generation, and defense response gene expression in the absence of the non-self pathogen signal. Inoculation of leaves with a bacterial pathogen leads to cAMP elevation coordinated with Ca(2+) rise. cAMP acts as a secondary messenger in plants; however, no specific protein has been heretofore identified as activated by cAMP in a manner associated with a signaling cascade in plants, as we report here. Our linkage of cAMP elevation in pathogen-inoculated plant leaves to Ca(2+) channels and immune signaling downstream from cytosolic Ca(2+) elevation provides a model for how non-self detection can be transduced to initiate the cascade of events in the cell cytosol that orchestrate pathogen defense responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Science, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Road, Storrs, CT 06269-4163
| | - Zhi Qi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Science, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Road, Storrs, CT 06269-4163
| | - Andries Smigel
- Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Science, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Road, Storrs, CT 06269-4163
| | - Robin K. Walker
- Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Science, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Road, Storrs, CT 06269-4163
| | - Rajeev Verma
- Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Science, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Road, Storrs, CT 06269-4163
| | - Gerald A. Berkowitz
- Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Science, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Road, Storrs, CT 06269-4163
| |
Collapse
|