1
|
Chen L, Ghannoum O, Furbank RT. Sugar sensing in C4 source leaves: a gap that needs to be filled. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3818-3834. [PMID: 38642398 PMCID: PMC11233418 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Plant growth depends on sugar production and export by photosynthesizing source leaves and sugar allocation and import by sink tissues (grains, roots, stems, and young leaves). Photosynthesis and sink demand are tightly coordinated through metabolic (substrate, allosteric) feedback and signalling (sugar, hormones) mechanisms. Sugar signalling integrates sugar production with plant development and environmental cues. In C3 plants (e.g. wheat and rice), it is well documented that sugar accumulation in source leaves, due to source-sink imbalance, negatively feeds back on photosynthesis and plant productivity. However, we have a limited understanding about the molecular mechanisms underlying those feedback regulations, especially in C4 plants (e.g. maize, sorghum, and sugarcane). Recent work with the C4 model plant Setaria viridis suggested that C4 leaves have different sugar sensing thresholds and behaviours relative to C3 counterparts. Addressing this research priority is critical because improving crop yield requires a better understanding of how plants coordinate source activity with sink demand. Here we review the literature, present a model of action for sugar sensing in C4 source leaves, and suggest ways forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lily Chen
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Oula Ghannoum
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Robert T Furbank
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ma X, Nian J, Yu H, Zhang F, Feng T, Kou L, Zhang J, Wang D, Li H, Chen L, Dong G, Xie X, Wang G, Qian Q, Li J, Zuo J. Linking glucose signaling to nitrogen utilization by the OsHXK7-ARE4 complex in rice. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1489-1501.e5. [PMID: 37413992 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
How reciprocal regulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism works is a long-standing question. In plants, glucose and nitrate are proposed to act as signaling molecules, regulating carbon and nitrogen metabolism via largely unknown mechanisms. Here, we show that the MYB-related transcription factor ARE4 coordinates glucose signaling and nitrogen utilization in rice. ARE4 is retained in the cytosol in complexing with the glucose sensor OsHXK7. Upon sensing a glucose signal, ARE4 is released, is translocated into the nucleus, and activates the expression of a subset of high-affinity nitrate transporter genes, thereby boosting nitrate uptake and accumulation. This regulatory scheme displays a diurnal pattern in response to circadian changes of soluble sugars. The are4 mutations compromise in nitrate utilization and plant growth, whereas overexpression of ARE4 increases grain size. We propose that the OsHXK7-ARE4 complex links glucose to the transcriptional regulation of nitrogen utilization, thereby coordinating carbon and nitrogen metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinqiang Nian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tianpeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liquan Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Danfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hanwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lichao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guojun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xianzhi Xie
- Institute of Wetland Agriculture and Ecology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jianru Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; C.A.S. Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Hainan Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, Hainan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Benning UF, Chen L, Watson-Lazowski A, Henry C, Furbank RT, Ghannoum O. Spatial expression patterns of genes encoding sugar sensors in leaves of C4 and C3 grasses. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:985-1000. [PMID: 37103118 PMCID: PMC10332396 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The mechanisms of sugar sensing in grasses remain elusive, especially those using C4 photosynthesis even though a large proportion of the world's agricultural crops utilize this pathway. We addressed this gap by comparing the expression of genes encoding components of sugar sensors in C3 and C4 grasses, with a focus on source tissues of C4 grasses. Given C4 plants evolved into a two-cell carbon fixation system, it was hypothesized this may have also changed how sugars were sensed. METHODS For six C3 and eight C4 grasses, putative sugar sensor genes were identified for target of rapamycin (TOR), SNF1-related kinase 1 (SnRK1), hexokinase (HXK) and those involved in the metabolism of the sugar sensing metabolite trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) using publicly available RNA deep sequencing data. For several of these grasses, expression was compared in three ways: source (leaf) versus sink (seed), along the gradient of the leaf, and bundle sheath versus mesophyll cells. KEY RESULTS No positive selection of codons associated with the evolution of C4 photosynthesis was identified in sugar sensor proteins here. Expressions of genes encoding sugar sensors were relatively ubiquitous between source and sink tissues as well as along the leaf gradient of both C4 and C3 grasses. Across C4 grasses, SnRK1β1 and TPS1 were preferentially expressed in the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells, respectively. Species-specific differences of gene expression between the two cell types were also apparent. CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive transcriptomic study provides an initial foundation for elucidating sugar-sensing genes within major C4 and C3 crops. This study provides some evidence that C4 and C3 grasses do not differ in how sugars are sensed. While sugar sensor gene expression has a degree of stability along the leaf, there are some contrasts between the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urs F Benning
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, New South Wales 2753, Australia
| | - Lily Chen
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, New South Wales 2753, Australia
| | | | - Clemence Henry
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, New South Wales 2753, Australia
| | - Robert T Furbank
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Oula Ghannoum
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, New South Wales 2753, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pérez-Díaz J, Batista-Silva W, Almada R, Medeiros DB, Arrivault S, Correa F, Bastías A, Rojas P, Beltrán MF, Pozo MF, Araújo WL, Sagredo B. Prunus Hexokinase 3 genes alter primary C-metabolism and promote drought and salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis transgenic plants. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7098. [PMID: 33782506 PMCID: PMC8007757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexokinases (HXKs) and fructokinases (FRKs) are the only two families of enzymes in plants that have been identified as able to phosphorylate Glucose (Glc) and Fructose (Fru). Glc can only be phosphorylated in plants by HXKs, while Fru can be phosphorylated by either HXKs or FRKs. The various subcellular localizations of HXKs in plants indicate that they are involved in diverse functions, including anther dehiscence and pollen germination, stomatal closure in response to sugar levels, stomatal aperture and reducing transpiration. Its association with modulating programmed cell death, and responses to oxidative stress and pathogen infection (abiotic and biotic stresses) also have been reported. To extend our understanding about the function of HXK-like genes in the response of Prunus rootstocks to abiotic stress, we performed a detailed bioinformatic and functional analysis of hexokinase 3-like genes (HXK3s) from two Prunus rootstock genotypes, 'M.2624' (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh × P. munsoniana W.Wight & Hedrick) and 'M.F12/1' (P. avium L.), which are tolerant and sensitive to hypoxia stress, respectively. A previous large-scale transcriptome sequencing of roots of these rootstocks, showed that this HXK3-like gene that was highly induced in the tolerant genotype under hypoxia conditions. In silico analysis of gene promoters from M.2624 and M.F12/1 genotypes revealed regulatory elements that could explain differential transcriptional profiles of HXK3 genes. Subcellular localization was determinates by both bioinformatic prediction and expression of their protein fused to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) in protoplasts and transgenic plants of Arabidopsis. Both approaches showed that they are expressed in plastids. Metabolomics analysis of Arabidopsis plants ectopically expressing Prunus HXK3 genes revealed that content of several metabolites including phosphorylated sugars (G6P), starch and some metabolites associated with the TCA cycle were affected. These transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed improved tolerance to salt and drought stress under growth chamber conditions. Our results suggest that Prunus HXK3 is a potential candidate for enhancing tolerance to salt and drought stresses in stone fruit trees and other plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Pérez-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias CRI Rayentué, Av. Salamanca s/n, Sector Los Choapinos, Rengo, Chile
| | - Willian Batista-Silva
- Max Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Rubén Almada
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura, CEAF, Camino Las Parcelas 882, Sector Los Choapinos, Rengo, Chile
| | - David B Medeiros
- Max Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Stéphanie Arrivault
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Francisco Correa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias CRI Rayentué, Av. Salamanca s/n, Sector Los Choapinos, Rengo, Chile
| | - Adriana Bastías
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Av. Pedro de Valdivia 425, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Rojas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias CRI Rayentué, Av. Salamanca s/n, Sector Los Choapinos, Rengo, Chile
| | - María Francisca Beltrán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias CRI Rayentué, Av. Salamanca s/n, Sector Los Choapinos, Rengo, Chile
| | - María Francisca Pozo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias CRI Rayentué, Av. Salamanca s/n, Sector Los Choapinos, Rengo, Chile
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Max Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Boris Sagredo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias CRI Rayentué, Av. Salamanca s/n, Sector Los Choapinos, Rengo, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Differences in the Formation Mechanism of Giant Colonies in Two Phaeocystis globosa Strains. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155393. [PMID: 32751329 PMCID: PMC7432625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Phaeocystis globosa has become one of the primary causes of harmful algal bloom in coastal areas of southern China in recent years, and it poses a serious threat to the marine environment and other activities depending upon on it (e.g., aquaculture, cooling system of power plants), especially in the Beibu Gulf. We found colonies of P. globosa collected form Guangxi (China) were much larger than those obtained from Shantou cultured in lab. To better understand the causes of giant colonies formation, colonial cells collected from P. globosa GX strain (GX-C) and ST strain (ST-C) were separated by filtration. Morphological observations, phylogenetic analyses, rapid light-response curves, fatty acid profiling and transcriptome analyses of two type cells were performed in the laboratory. Although no differences in morphology and 18S rRNA sequences of these cells were observed, the colonies of GX strain (4.7 mm) are 30 times larger than those produced by the ST strain (300 μm). The rapid light-response curve of GX-C was greater than that of ST-C, consistent with the upregulated photosynthetic system, while the fatty acid content of GX-C was lower than that of ST-C, also consistent with the downregulated synthesis of fatty acids and the upregulated degradation of fatty acids. In summary, the increased energy generated by GX-C is allocated to promote the secretion of extracellular polysaccharides for colony formation. We performed a physiological and molecular assessment of the differences between the GX-C and ST-C strains, providing insights into the mechanisms of giant colonies formation in P. globosa.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sakr S, Wang M, Dédaldéchamp F, Perez-Garcia MD, Ogé L, Hamama L, Atanassova R. The Sugar-Signaling Hub: Overview of Regulators and Interaction with the Hormonal and Metabolic Network. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 57:2367-2379. [PMID: 30149541 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth and development has to be continuously adjusted to the available resources. Their optimization requires the integration of signals conveying the plant metabolic status, its hormonal balance, and its developmental stage. Many investigations have recently been conducted to provide insights into sugar signaling and its interplay with hormones and nitrogen in the fine-tuning of plant growth, development, and survival. The present review emphasizes the diversity of sugar signaling integrators, the main molecular and biochemical mechanisms related to the sugar-signaling dependent regulations, and to the regulatory hubs acting in the interplay of the sugar-hormone and sugar-nitrogen networks. It also contributes to compiling evidence likely to fill a few knowledge gaps, and raises new questions for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soulaiman Sakr
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Ming Wang
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Fabienne Dédaldéchamp
- Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI, Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Maria-Dolores Perez-Garcia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Laurent Ogé
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Latifa Hamama
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Rossitza Atanassova
- Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI, Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers CEDEX 9, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sakr S, Wang M, Dédaldéchamp F, Perez-Garcia MD, Ogé L, Hamama L, Atanassova R. The Sugar-Signaling Hub: Overview of Regulators and Interaction with the Hormonal and Metabolic Network. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092506. [PMID: 30149541 PMCID: PMC6165531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth and development has to be continuously adjusted to the available resources. Their optimization requires the integration of signals conveying the plant metabolic status, its hormonal balance, and its developmental stage. Many investigations have recently been conducted to provide insights into sugar signaling and its interplay with hormones and nitrogen in the fine-tuning of plant growth, development, and survival. The present review emphasizes the diversity of sugar signaling integrators, the main molecular and biochemical mechanisms related to the sugar-signaling dependent regulations, and to the regulatory hubs acting in the interplay of the sugar-hormone and sugar-nitrogen networks. It also contributes to compiling evidence likely to fill a few knowledge gaps, and raises new questions for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soulaiman Sakr
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Ming Wang
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Fabienne Dédaldéchamp
- Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI, Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Maria-Dolores Perez-Garcia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Laurent Ogé
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Latifa Hamama
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Rossitza Atanassova
- Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI, Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers CEDEX 9, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim HB, Cho JI, Ryoo N, Shin DH, Park YI, Hwang YS, Lee SK, An G, Jeon JS. Role of rice cytosolic hexokinase OsHXK7 in sugar signaling and metabolism. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 58:127-35. [PMID: 25951042 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We characterized the function of the rice cytosolic hexokinase OsHXK7 (Oryza sativa Hexokinase7), which is highly upregulated when seeds germinate under O2 -deficient conditions. According to transient expression assays that used the promoter:luciferase fusion construct, OsHXK7 enhanced the glucose (Glc)-dependent repression of a rice α-amylase gene (RAmy3D) in the mesophyll protoplasts of maize, but its catalytically inactive mutant alleles did not. Consistently, the expression of OsHXK7, but not its catalytically inactive alleles, complemented the Arabidopsis glucose insensitive2-1 (gin2-1) mutant, thereby resulting in the wild type characteristics of Glc-dependent repression, seedling development, and plant growth. Interestingly, OsHXK7-mediated Glc-dependent repression was abolished in the O2 -deficient mesophyll protoplasts of maize. This result provides compelling evidence that OsHXK7 functions in sugar signaling via a glycolysis-dependent manner under normal conditions, but its signaling role is suppressed when O2 is deficient. The germination of two null OsHXK7 mutants, oshxk7-1 and oshxk7-2, was affected by O2 deficiency, but overexpression enhanced germination in rice. This result suggests the distinct role that OsHXK7 plays in sugar metabolism and efficient germination by enforcing glycolysis-mediated fermentation in O2 -deficient rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Bi Kim
- Crop Biotech Institute & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Jung-Il Cho
- Crop Biotech Institute & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Nayeon Ryoo
- Crop Biotech Institute & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Shin
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Youn-Il Park
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Yong-Sic Hwang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Crop Biotech Institute & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Gynheung An
- Crop Biotech Institute & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Crop Biotech Institute & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pentatricopeptide-repeat family protein RF6 functions with hexokinase 6 to rescue rice cytoplasmic male sterility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:14984-9. [PMID: 26578814 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1511748112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has been extensively used for hybrid seed production in many major crops. Honglian CMS (HL-CMS) is one of the three major types of CMS in rice and has contributed greatly to food security worldwide. The HL-CMS trait is associated with an aberrant chimeric mitochondrial transcript, atp6-orfH79, which causes pollen sterility and can be rescued by two nonallelic restorer-of-fertility (Rf) genes, Rf5 or Rf6. Here, we report the identification of Rf6, which encodes a novel pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) family protein with a characteristic duplication of PPR motifs 3-5. RF6 is targeted to mitochondria, where it physically associates with hexokinase 6 (OsHXK6) and promotes the processing of the aberrant CMS-associated transcript atp6-orfH79 at nucleotide 1238, which ensures normal pollen development and restores fertility. The duplicated motif 3 of RF6 is essential for RF6-OsHXK6 interactions, processing of the aberrant transcript, and restoration of fertility. Furthermore, reductions in the level of OsHXK6 result in atp6-orfH79 transcript accumulation and male sterility. Together these results reveal a novel mechanism for CMS restoration by which RF6 functions with OsHXK6 to restore HL-CMS fertility. The present study also provides insight into the function of hexokinase 6 in regulating mitochondrial RNA metabolism and may facilitate further exploitation of heterosis in rice.
Collapse
|
10
|
Flores CL, Gancedo C. The gene YALI0E20207g from Yarrowia lipolytica encodes an N-acetylglucosamine kinase implicated in the regulated expression of the genes from the N-acetylglucosamine assimilatory pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122135. [PMID: 25816199 PMCID: PMC4376941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-conventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica possesses an ORF, YALI0E20207g, which encodes a protein with an amino acid sequence similar to hexokinases from different organisms. We have cloned that gene and determined several enzymatic properties of its encoded protein showing that it is an N-acetylglucosamine (NAGA) kinase. This conclusion was supported by the lack of growth in NAGA of a strain carrying a YALI0E20207g deletion. We named this gene YlNAG5. Expression of YlNAG5 as well as that of the genes encoding the enzymes of the NAGA catabolic pathway-identified by a BLAST search-was induced by this sugar. Deletion of YlNAG5 rendered that expression independent of the presence of NAGA in the medium and reintroduction of the gene restored the inducibility, indicating that YlNag5 participates in the transcriptional regulation of the NAGA assimilatory pathway genes. Expression of YlNAG5 was increased during sporulation and homozygous Ylnag5/Ylnag5 diploid strains sporulated very poorly as compared with a wild type isogenic control strain pointing to a participation of the protein in the process. Overexpression of YlNAG5 allowed growth in glucose of an Ylhxk1glk1 double mutant and produced, in a wild type background, aberrant morphologies in different media. Expression of the gene in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae hxk1 hxk2 glk1 triple mutant restored ability to grow in glucose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen-Lisset Flores
- Department of Metabolism and Cell Signalling, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Carlos Gancedo
- Department of Metabolism and Cell Signalling, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Feng J, Zhao S, Chen X, Wang W, Dong W, Chen J, Shen JR, Liu L, Kuang T. Biochemical and structural study of Arabidopsis hexokinase 1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 71:367-75. [PMID: 25664748 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004714026091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hexokinase 1 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtHXK1) plays a dual role in glycolysis and sugar sensing for vital metabolic and physiological processes. The uncoupling of glucose signalling from glucose metabolism was demonstrated by the analysis of two mutants (AtHXK1(G104D) and AtHXK1(S177A)) that are catalytically inactive but still functional in signalling. In this study, substrate-binding experiments indicate that the two catalytically inactive mutants have a high affinity for glucose, and an ordered substrate-binding mechanism has been observed for wild-type AtHXK1. The structure of AtHXK1 was determined both in its inactive unliganded form and in its active glucose-bound form at resolutions of 1.8 and 2.0 Å, respectively. These structures reveal a domain rearrangement of AtHXK1 upon glucose binding. The 2.1 Å resolution structure of AtHXK1(S177A) in the glucose-bound form shows similar glucose-binding interactions as the wild type. A glucose-sensing network has been proposed based on these structures. Taken together, the results provide a structural explanation for the dual functions of AtHXK1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Feng
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Zhao
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemin Chen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenda Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Dong
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Liu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cordoba E, Aceves-Zamudio DL, Hernández-Bernal AF, Ramos-Vega M, León P. Sugar regulation of SUGAR TRANSPORTER PROTEIN 1 (STP1) expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:147-59. [PMID: 25281700 PMCID: PMC4265152 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Sugars regulate the expression of many genes at the transcriptional level. In Arabidopsis thaliana, sugars induce or repress the expression of >1800 genes, including the STP1 (SUGAR TRANSPORTER PROTEIN 1) gene, which encodes an H(+)/monosaccharide cotransporter. STP1 transcript levels decrease more rapidly after the addition of low concentrations of sugars than the levels of other repressed genes, such as DIN6 (DARK-INDUCED 6). We found that this regulation is exerted at the transcriptional level and is initiated by phosphorylatable sugars. Interestingly, the sugar signal that modulates STP1 expression is transmitted through a HEXOKINASE 1-independent signalling pathway. Finally, analysis of the STP1 5' regulatory region allowed us to delimit a region of 309bp that contains the cis elements implicated in the glucose regulation of STP1 expression. Putative cis-acting elements involved in this response were identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cordoba
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos. México. C.P. 62210, Mexico
| | - Denise Lizeth Aceves-Zamudio
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos. México. C.P. 62210, Mexico
| | - Alma Fabiola Hernández-Bernal
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos. México. C.P. 62210, Mexico
| | - Maricela Ramos-Vega
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos. México. C.P. 62210, Mexico
| | - Patricia León
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos. México. C.P. 62210, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lim MN, Lee SE, Yim HK, Kim JH, Yoon IS, Hwang YS. Differential anoxic expression of sugar-regulated genes reveals diverse interactions between sugar and anaerobic signaling systems in rice. Mol Cells 2013; 36:169-76. [PMID: 23852132 PMCID: PMC3887949 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-0152-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the dual roles of sugar as a metabolic fuel and a regulatory molecule was unveiled by examining the changes in sugar signaling upon oxygen deprivation, which causes the drastic alteration in the cellular energy status. In our study, the expression of anaerobically induced genes is commonly responsive to sugar, either under the control of hexokinase or non-hexokinase mediated signaling cascades. Only sugar regulation via the hexokinase pathway was susceptible for O2 deficiency or energy deficit conditions evoked by uncoupler. Examination of sugar regulation of those genes under anaerobic conditions revealed the presence of multiple paths underlying anaerobic induction of gene expression in rice, subgrouped into three distinct types. The first of these, which was found in type-1 genes, involved neither sugar regulation nor additional anaerobic induction under anoxia, indicating that anoxic induction is a simple result from the release of sugar repression by O2-deficient conditions. In contrast, type-2 genes also showed no sugar regulation, albeit with enhanced expression under anoxia. Lastly, expression of type-3 genes is highly enhanced with sugar regulation sustained under anoxia. Intriguingly, the inhibition of the mitochondrial ATP synthesis can reproduce expression pattern of a specific set of anaerobically induced genes, implying that rice cells may sense O2 deprivation, partly via perception of the perturbed cellular energy status. Our study of interaction between sugar signaling and anaerobic conditions has revealed that sugar signaling and the cellular energy status are likely to communicate with each other and influence anaerobic induction of gene expression in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-na Lim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
| | - Sung-eun Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
| | - Hui-kyeong Yim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
| | | | | | - Yong-sic Hwang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Granot D, David-Schwartz R, Kelly G. Hexose kinases and their role in sugar-sensing and plant development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:44. [PMID: 23487525 PMCID: PMC3594732 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hexose sugars, such as glucose and fructose produced in plants, are ubiquitous in most organisms and are the origin of most of the organic matter found in nature. To be utilized, hexose sugars must first be phosphorylated. The central role of hexose-phosphorylating enzymes has attracted the attention of many researchers, leading to novel discoveries. Only two families of enzymes capable of phosphorylating glucose and fructose have been identified in plants; hexokinases (HXKs), and fructokinases (FRKs). Intensive investigations of these two families in numerous plant species have yielded a wealth of knowledge regarding the genes number, enzymatic characterization, intracellular localization, and developmental and physiological roles of several HXKs and FRKs. The emerging picture indicates that HXK and FRK enzymes found at specific intracellular locations play distinct roles in plant metabolism and development. Individual HXKs were shown for the first time to be dual-function enzymes - sensing sugar levels independent of their catalytic activity and controlling gene expression and major developmental pathways, as well as hormonal interactions. FRK, on the other hand, seems to play a central metabolic role in vascular tissues, controlling the amounts of sugars allocated for vascular development. While a clearer picture of the roles of these two types of enzymes is emerging, many questions remain unsolved, such as the specific tissues and types of cells in which these enzymes function, the roles of individual HXK and FRK genes, and how these enzymes interact with hormones in the regulation of developmental processes. It is anticipated that ongoing efforts will broaden our knowledge of these important plant enzymes and their potential uses in the modification of plant traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Granot
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research OrganizationBet Dagan, Israel
| | - Rakefet David-Schwartz
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research OrganizationBet Dagan, Israel
| | - Gilor Kelly
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research OrganizationBet Dagan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fukumoto T, Kano A, Ohtani K, Yamasaki-Kokudo Y, Kim BG, Hosotani K, Saito M, Shirakawa C, Tajima S, Izumori K, Ohara T, Shigematsu Y, Tanaka K, Ishida Y, Nishizawa Y, Tada Y, Ichimura K, Gomi K, Akimitsu K. Rare sugar D-allose suppresses gibberellin signaling through hexokinase-dependent pathway in Oryza sativa L. PLANTA 2011; 234:1083-95. [PMID: 21717189 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-011-1463-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
One of the rare sugars, D-allose, which is the epimer of D-glucose at C3, has an inhibitory effect on rice growth, but the molecular mechanisms of the growth inhibition by D-allose were unknown. The growth inhibition caused by D-allose was prevented by treatment with hexokinase inhibitors, D-mannoheptulose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Furthermore, the Arabidopsis glucose-insensitive2 (gin2) mutant, which is a loss-of-function mutant of the glucose sensor AtHXK1, showed a D-allose-insensitive phenotype. D-Allose strongly inhibited the gibberellin-dependent responses such as elongation of the second leaf sheath and induction of α-amylase in embryo-less half rice seeds. The growth of the slender rice1 (slr1) mutant, which exhibits a constitutive gibberellin-responsive phenotype, was also inhibited by D-allose, and the growth inhibition of the slr1 mutant by D-allose was also prevented by D-mannoheptulose treatment. The expressions of gibberellin-responsive genes were down-regulated by D-allose treatment, and the down-regulations of gibberellin-responsive genes were also prevented by D-mannoheptulose treatment. These findings reveal that D-allose inhibits the gibberellin-signaling through a hexokinase-dependent pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fukumoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Rare Sugar Research Center and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xiang L, Le Roy K, Bolouri-Moghaddam MR, Vanhaecke M, Lammens W, Rolland F, Van den Ende W. Exploring the neutral invertase-oxidative stress defence connection in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:3849-62. [PMID: 21441406 PMCID: PMC3134342 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, considerable advances have been made in understanding the crucial role and the regulation of sucrose metabolism in plants. Among the various sucrose-catabolizing enzymes, alkaline/neutral invertases (A/N-Invs) have long remained poorly studied. However, recent findings have demonstrated the presence of A/N-Invs in various organelles in addition to the cytosol, and their importance for plant development and stress tolerance. A cytosolic (At-A/N-InvG, At1g35580) and a mitochondrial (At-A/N-InvA, At1g56560) member of the A/N-Invs have been analysed in more detail in Arabidopsis and it was found that At-A/N-InvA knockout plants show an even more severe growth phenotype than At-A/N-InvG knockout plants. The absence of either A/N-Inv was associated with higher oxidative stress defence gene expression, while transient overexpression of At-A/N-InvA and At-A/N-InvG in leaf mesophyll protoplasts down-regulated the oxidative stress-responsive ascorbate peroxidase 2 (APX2) promoter. Moreover, up-regulation of the APX2 promoter by hydrogen peroxide or abscisic acid could be blocked by adding metabolizable sugars or ascorbate. A hypothetical model is proposed in which both mitochondrial and cytosolic A/N-Invs can generate glucose as a substrate for mitochondria-associated hexokinase, contributing to mitochondrial reactive oxygen species homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiang
- KULeuven, Laboratory of Molecular Plant Physiology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Le Roy
- KULeuven, Laboratory of Molecular Plant Physiology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mohammad-Reza Bolouri-Moghaddam
- Department of Agronomy, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Crop Science, Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
| | - Mieke Vanhaecke
- KULeuven, Laboratory of Molecular Plant Physiology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Willem Lammens
- KULeuven, Laboratory of Molecular Plant Physiology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Filip Rolland
- KULeuven, Laboratory of Functional Biology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- KULeuven, Laboratory of Molecular Plant Physiology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|