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Javaid N, Ramzan M, Jabeen S, Shah MN, Danish S, Hirad AH. Genomic exploration of Sesuvium sesuvioides: comparative study and phylogenetic analysis within the order Caryophyllales from Cholistan desert, Pakistan. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:658. [PMID: 38124056 PMCID: PMC10731703 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04670-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Aizoaceae family's Sesuvium sesuvioides (Fenzl) Verdc is a medicinal species of the Cholistan desert, Pakistan. The purpose of this study was to determine the genomic features and phylogenetic position of the Sesuvium genus in the Aizoaceae family. We used the Illumina HiSeq2500 and paired-end sequencing to publish the complete chloroplast sequence of S. sesuvioides. RESULTS The 155,849 bp length cp genome sequence of S. sesuvioides has a 36.8% GC content. The Leucine codon has the greatest codon use (10.6%), 81 simple sequence repetitions of 19 kinds, and 79 oligonucleotide repeats. We investigated the phylogeny of the order Caryophyllales' 27 species from 23 families and 25 distinct genera. The maximum likelihood tree indicated Sesuvium as a monophyletic genus, and sister to Tetragonia. A comparison of S. sesuvioides, with Sesuvium portulacastrum, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, Mesembryanthemum cordifolium, and Tetragonia tetragonoides was performed using the NCBI platform. In the comparative investigation of genomes, all five genera revealed comparable cp genome structure, gene number and composition. All five species lacked the rps15 gene and the rpl2 intron. In most comparisons with S. sesuvioides, transition substitutions (Ts) were more frequent than transversion substitutions (Tv), producing Ts/Tv ratios larger than one, and the Ka/Ks ratio was lower than one. We determined ten highly polymorphic regions, comprising rpl22, rpl32-trnL-UAG, trnD-GUC-trnY-GUA, trnE-UUC-trnT-GGU, trnK-UUU-rps16, trnM-CAU-atpE, trnH-GUG-psbA, psaJ-rpl33, rps4-trnT-UGU, and trnF-GAA-ndhJ. CONCLUSION The whole S. sesuvioides chloroplast will be examined as a resource for in-depth taxonomic research of the genus when more Sesuvium and Aizoaceae species are sequenced in the future. The chloroplast genomes of the Aizoaceae family are well preserved, with little alterations, indicating the family's monophyletic origin. This study's highly polymorphic regions could be utilized to build realistic and low-cost molecular markers for resolving taxonomic discrepancies, new species identification, and finding evolutionary links among Aizoaceae species. To properly comprehend the evolution of the Aizoaceae family, further species need to be sequenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Javaid
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Musarrat Ramzan
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Shagufta Jabeen
- Government Associate College for Women Ahmedpur East, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Shah
- Department of Agriculture, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy, Florida, USA
| | - Subhan Danish
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Abdurahman Hajinur Hirad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box.2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Su H, Jin L, Li M, Paré PW. Low temperature modifies seedling leaf anatomy and gene expression in Hypericum perforatum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1020857. [PMID: 36237502 PMCID: PMC9552896 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1020857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum, commonly known as St John's wort, is a perennial herb that produces the anti-depression compounds hypericin (Hyp) and hyperforin. While cool temperatures increase plant growth, Hyp accumulation as well as changes transcript profiles, alterations in leaf structure and genes expression specifically related to Hyp biosynthesis are still unresolved. Here, leaf micro- and ultra-structure is examined, and candidate genes encoding for photosynthesis, energy metabolism and Hyp biosynthesis are reported based on transcriptomic data collected from H. perforatum seedlings grown at 15 and 22°C. Plants grown at a cooler temperature exhibited changes in macro- and micro-leaf anatomy including thicker leaves, an increased number of secretory cell, chloroplasts, mitochondria, starch grains, thylakoid grana, osmiophilic granules and hemispherical droplets. Moreover, genes encoding for photosynthesis (64-genes) and energy (35-genes) as well as Hyp biosynthesis (29-genes) were differentially regulated with an altered growing temperature. The anatomical changes and genes expression are consistent with the plant's ability to accumulate enhanced Hyp levels at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ling Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Paul W. Paré
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbuck, TX, United States
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Tayal R, Kumar V, Irfan M. Harnessing the power of hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) for improving fruit quality traits. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:594-601. [PMID: 34866296 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) is a gaseous molecule and originates endogenously in plants. It is considered a potential signalling agent in various physiological processes of plants. Numerous reports have examined the role of H2 S in fruit ripening and in enhancing fruit quality traits. H2 S coordinates the fruit antioxidant system, fruit ripening phytohormones, such as ethylene and abscisic acid, together with other ripening-related signalling molecules, including nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide. Although many studies have increased understanding of various aspects of this complex network, there is a gap in understanding crosstalk of H2 S with key players of fruit ripening, postharvest senescence and fruit metabolism. This review focused on deciphering fruit H2 S metabolism, signalling and its interaction with other ripening-related signalling molecules during fruit ripening and postharvest storage. Moreover, we also discuss how H2 S can be used as a tool for improving fruit quality and productivity and reducing postharvest loss of perishable fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tayal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - V Kumar
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M Irfan
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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The Functional Interplay between Ethylene, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Sulfur in Plant Heat Stress Tolerance. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050678. [PMID: 35625606 PMCID: PMC9138313 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants encounter several abiotic stresses, among which heat stress is gaining paramount attention because of the changing climatic conditions. Severe heat stress conspicuously reduces crop productivity through changes in metabolic processes and in growth and development. Ethylene and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are signaling molecules involved in defense against heat stress through modulation of biomolecule synthesis, the antioxidant system, and post-translational modifications. Other compounds containing the essential mineral nutrient sulfur (S) also play pivotal roles in these defense mechanisms. As biosynthesis of ethylene and H2S is connected to the S-assimilation pathway, it is logical to consider the existence of a functional interplay between ethylene, H2S, and S in relation to heat stress tolerance. The present review focuses on the crosstalk between ethylene, H2S, and S to highlight their joint involvement in heat stress tolerance.
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Sharma D, Chaudhary A. Synthesis of Quercetin Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles and Their Application for the Colorimetric Detection of L‐Cysteine in Biologically Complex Fluids. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Jaypee University of Information Technology Waknaghat Solan India
| | - Abhishek Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Jaypee University of Information Technology Waknaghat Solan India
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Siddiqui MH, Alamri S, Mukherjee S, Al-Amri AA, Alsubaie QD, Al-Munqedhi BMA, Ali HM, Kalaji HM, Fahad S, Rajput VD, Narayan OP. Molybdenum and hydrogen sulfide synergistically mitigate arsenic toxicity by modulating defense system, nitrogen and cysteine assimilation in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) seedlings. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:117953. [PMID: 34438168 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as a potential gasotransmitter in plants with a beneficial role in stress amelioration. Despite the various known functions of H2S in plants, not much information is available to explain the associative role of molybdenum (Mo) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) signaling in plants under arsenic toxicity. In view to address such lacunae in our understanding of the integrative roles of these biomolecules, the present work attempts to decipher the roles of Mo and H2S in mitigation of arsenate (AsV) toxicity in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) seedlings. AsV-stressed seedlings supplemented with exogenous Mo and/or NaHS treatments (H2S donor) showed resilience to AsV toxicity manifested by reduction of apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, down-regulation of NADPH oxidase and GOase activity followed by upregulation of antioxidative enzymes in leaves. Fluorescent localization of ROS in roots reveals changes in its intensity and spatial distribution in response to MO and NaHS supplementation during AsV stress. Under AsV toxicity conditions, seedlings subjected to Mo + NaHS showed an increased rate of nitrogen metabolism evident by elevation in nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase and glutamine synthetase activity. Furthermore, the application of Mo and NaHS in combination positively upregulates cysteine and hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis in the absence and presence of AsV stress. Mo plus NaHS-supplemented seedlings exposed to AsV toxicity showed a substantial reduction in oxidative stress manifested by reduced ELKG, lowered MDA content and higher accumulation of proline in leaves. Taken together, the present findings provide substantial evidence on the synergetic role of Mo and H2S in mitigating AsV stress in faba bean seedlings. Thus, the application of Mo and NaHS reveals their agronomic importance to encounter heavy metal stress for management of various food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, 742213, India
| | - Abdullah A Al-Amri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qasi D Alsubaie
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bander M A Al-Munqedhi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem M Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, National Research Institute, Falenty, Al. Hrabska 3, 05-090, Raszyn, Poland
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical, Bio Resource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
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Thakur M, Anand A. Hydrogen sulfide: An emerging signaling molecule regulating drought stress response in plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1227-1243. [PMID: 33860955 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) is a small, reactive signaling molecule that is produced within chloroplasts of plant cells as an intermediate in the assimilatory sulfate reduction pathway by the enzyme sulfite reductase. In addition, H2 S is also produced in cytosol and mitochondria by desulfhydration of l-cysteine catalyzed by l-cysteine desulfhydrase (DES1) in the cytosol and from β-cyanoalanine in mitochondria, in a reaction catalyzed by β-cyano-Ala synthase C1 (CAS-C1). H2 S exerts its numerous biological functions by post-translational modification involving oxidation of cysteine residues (RSH) to persulfides (RSSH). At lower concentrations (10-1000 μmol L-1 ), H2 S shows huge agricultural potential as it increases the germination rate, the size, fresh weight, and ultimately the crop yield. It is also involved in abiotic stress response against drought, salinity, high temperature, and heavy metals. H2 S donor, for example, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), has been exogenously applied on plants by various researchers to provide drought stress tolerance. Exogenous application results in the accumulation of polyamines, sugars, glycine betaine, and enhancement of the antioxidant enzyme activities in response to drought-induced osmotic and oxidative stress, thus, providing stress adaptation to plants. At the biochemical level, administration of H2 S donors reduces malondialdehyde content and lipoxygenase activity to maintain the cell integrity, causes abscisic acid-mediated stomatal closure to prevent water loss through transpiration, and accelerates the photosystem II repair cycle. Here, we review the crosstalk of H2 S with secondary messengers and phytohormones towards the regulation of drought stress response and emphasize various approaches that can be addressed to strengthen research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Thakur
- College of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry), Neri, Hamirpur, India
| | - Anjali Anand
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Mohanta TK, Mishra AK, Khan A, Hashem A, Abd-Allah EF, Al-Harrasi A. Virtual 2-D map of the fungal proteome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6676. [PMID: 33758316 PMCID: PMC7988114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular weight and isoelectric point (pI) of the proteins plays important role in the cell. Depending upon the shape, size, and charge, protein provides its functional role in different parts of the cell. Therefore, understanding to the knowledge of their molecular weight and charges is (pI) is very important. Therefore, we conducted a proteome-wide analysis of protein sequences of 689 fungal species (7.15 million protein sequences) and construct a virtual 2-D map of the fungal proteome. The analysis of the constructed map revealed the presence of a bimodal distribution of fungal proteomes. The molecular mass of individual fungal proteins ranged from 0.202 to 2546.166 kDa and the predicted isoelectric point (pI) ranged from 1.85 to 13.759 while average molecular weight of fungal proteome was 50.98 kDa. A non-ribosomal peptide synthase (RFU80400.1) found in Trichoderma arundinaceum was identified as the largest protein in the fungal kingdom. The collective fungal proteome is dominated by the presence of acidic rather than basic pI proteins and Leu is the most abundant amino acid while Cys is the least abundant amino acid. Aspergillus ustus encodes the highest percentage (76.62%) of acidic pI proteins while Nosema ceranae was found to encode the highest percentage (66.15%) of basic pI proteins. Selenocysteine and pyrrolysine amino acids were not found in any of the analysed fungal proteomes. Although the molecular weight and pI of the protein are of enormous important to understand their functional roles, the amino acid compositions of the fungal protein will enable us to understand the synonymous codon usage in the fungal kingdom. The small peptides identified during the study can provide additional biotechnological implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Kumar Mohanta
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman.
| | - Awdhesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Adil Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Mycology and Plant Disease Survey Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza, 12511, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd-Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman.
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Dos Santos APA, da Silva JK, Neri JM, Neves ACO, de Lima DF, Menezes FG. Nucleophilicity of cysteine and related biothiols and the development of fluorogenic probes and other applications. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9398-9427. [PMID: 33200155 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01754j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biothiols such as l-cysteine, l-homocysteine, and glutathione play essential roles in many biological processes, and are directly associated with several health conditions. Therefore, the development of fast, selective, sensitive, and inexpensive methods for quantitatively analyzing biothiols in aqueous solution, but especially in biological samples, is a very attractive research field. In this feature review, we have approached the relevance of biothiols' nucleophilicity to develop selective fluorogenic probes. Since biothiols have considerable structural similarity, relevant strategies are in full development, including several fluorescent molecular platforms, specific receptor sites, reaction conditions, and optical responses. All of these features are properly presented and discussed. Biothiol sensing protocols are based on traditional organic chemistry reactions such as (hetero)aromatic nucleophilic substitution, addition, and substitution at carbonyl carbon, conjugate addition, and nucleophilic substitution at saturated carbon, amongst others including combined processes; furthermore, mechanistic aspects are detailed herein, including some interesting historical contexts. The feasibility of related fluorogenic probes is illustrated by analysis in complex matrices such as serum, cells, tissues, and animal models. Applications of these reactions in more complex systems such as sulfhydryl-based peptides and proteins are also presented, aiming at functionalizing and detecting these nucleophiles. Most literature cited in this review is recent; however, some other prominent works are also detailed. It is believed that this review may be accessible for many academic levels and may efficiently contribute not only to popularizing science but also to the rational development of fluorogenic probes for biothiol sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alane P A Dos Santos
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil.
| | - Jordan K da Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil.
| | - Jannyely M Neri
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil.
| | - Ana C O Neves
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil.
| | - Djalan F de Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil.
| | - Fabrício G Menezes
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil.
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Rohilla D, Chaudhary S, Kaur N, Shanavas A. Dopamine functionalized CuO nanoparticles: A high valued “turn on” colorimetric biosensor for detecting cysteine in human serum and urine samples. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 110:110724. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Shivaraj SM, Vats S, Bhat JA, Dhakte P, Goyal V, Khatri P, Kumawat S, Singh A, Prasad M, Sonah H, Sharma TR, Deshmukh R. Nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide crosstalk during heavy metal stress in plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:437-455. [PMID: 31587278 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gases such as ethylene, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) have been recognized as vital signaling molecules in plants and animals. Of these gasotransmitters, NO and H2 S have recently gained momentum mainly because of their involvement in numerous cellular processes. It is therefore important to study their various attributes including their biosynthetic and signaling pathways. The present review provides an insight into various routes for the biosynthesis of NO and H2 S as well as their signaling role in plant cells under different conditions, more particularly under heavy metal stress. Their beneficial roles in the plant's protection against abiotic and biotic stresses as well as their adverse effects have been addressed. This review describes how H2 S and NO, being very small-sized molecules, can quickly pass through the cell membranes and trigger a multitude of responses to various factors, notably to various stress conditions such as drought, heat, osmotic, heavy metal and multiple biotic stresses. The versatile interactions between H2 S and NO involved in the different molecular pathways have been discussed. In addition to the signaling role of H2 S and NO, their direct role in posttranslational modifications is also considered. The information provided here will be helpful to better understand the multifaceted roles of H2 S and NO in plants, particularly under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheelavanta M Shivaraj
- Département de phytologie, University Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanskriti Vats
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Javaid A Bhat
- Soybean Research Institution, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Sheng, China
| | - Priyanka Dhakte
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Goyal
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Haryana, India
| | - Praveen Khatri
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Surbhi Kumawat
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Akshay Singh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Humira Sonah
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Tilak R Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
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Gotor C, García I, Aroca Á, Laureano-Marín AM, Arenas-Alfonseca L, Jurado-Flores A, Moreno I, Romero LC. Signaling by hydrogen sulfide and cyanide through post-translational modification. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4251-4265. [PMID: 31087094 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Two cysteine metabolism-related molecules, hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen cyanide, which are considered toxic, have now been considered as signaling molecules. Hydrogen sulfide is produced in chloroplasts through the activity of sulfite reductase and in the cytosol and mitochondria by the action of sulfide-generating enzymes, and regulates/affects essential plant processes such as plant adaptation, development, photosynthesis, autophagy, and stomatal movement, where interplay with other signaling molecules occurs. The mechanism of action of sulfide, which modifies protein cysteine thiols to form persulfides, is related to its chemical features. This post-translational modification, called persulfidation, could play a protective role for thiols against oxidative damage. Hydrogen cyanide is produced during the biosynthesis of ethylene and camalexin in non-cyanogenic plants, and is detoxified by the action of sulfur-related enzymes. Cyanide functions include the breaking of seed dormancy, modifying the plant responses to biotic stress, and inhibition of root hair elongation. The mode of action of cyanide is under investigation, although it has recently been demonstrated to perform post-translational modification of protein cysteine thiols to form thiocyanate, a process called S-cyanylation. Therefore, the signaling roles of sulfide and most probably of cyanide are performed through the modification of specific cysteine residues, altering protein functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Gotor
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, Seville, Spain
| | - Irene García
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, Seville, Spain
| | - Ángeles Aroca
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana M Laureano-Marín
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, Seville, Spain
| | - Lucía Arenas-Alfonseca
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Jurado-Flores
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, Seville, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Moreno
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, Seville, Spain
| | - Luis C Romero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, Seville, Spain
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Zaffagnini M, Fermani S, Marchand CH, Costa A, Sparla F, Rouhier N, Geigenberger P, Lemaire SD, Trost P. Redox Homeostasis in Photosynthetic Organisms: Novel and Established Thiol-Based Molecular Mechanisms. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:155-210. [PMID: 30499304 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Redox homeostasis consists of an intricate network of reactions in which reactive molecular species, redox modifications, and redox proteins act in concert to allow both physiological responses and adaptation to stress conditions. Recent Advances: This review highlights established and novel thiol-based regulatory pathways underlying the functional facets and significance of redox biology in photosynthetic organisms. In the last decades, the field of redox regulation has largely expanded and this work is aimed at giving the right credit to the importance of thiol-based regulatory and signaling mechanisms in plants. Critical Issues: This cannot be all-encompassing, but is intended to provide a comprehensive overview on the structural/molecular mechanisms governing the most relevant thiol switching modifications with emphasis on the large genetic and functional diversity of redox controllers (i.e., redoxins). We also summarize the different proteomic-based approaches aimed at investigating the dynamics of redox modifications and the recent evidence that extends the possibility to monitor the cellular redox state in vivo. The physiological relevance of redox transitions is discussed based on reverse genetic studies confirming the importance of redox homeostasis in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Future Directions: In conclusion, we can firmly assume that redox biology has acquired an established significance that virtually infiltrates all aspects of plant physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Zaffagnini
- 1 Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Fermani
- 2 Department of Chemistry Giacomo Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christophe H Marchand
- 3 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, UMR8226, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Alex Costa
- 4 Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Sparla
- 1 Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Peter Geigenberger
- 6 Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Biozentrum, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stéphane D Lemaire
- 3 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, UMR8226, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Paolo Trost
- 1 Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Aroca A, Benito JM, Gotor C, Romero LC. Persulfidation proteome reveals the regulation of protein function by hydrogen sulfide in diverse biological processes in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4915-4927. [PMID: 28992305 PMCID: PMC5853657 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide-mediated signaling pathways regulate many physiological and pathophysiological processes in mammalian and plant systems. The molecular mechanism by which hydrogen sulfide exerts its action involves the post-translational modification of cysteine residues to form a persulfidated thiol motif, a process called protein persulfidation. We have developed a comparative and quantitative proteomic analysis approach for the detection of endogenous persulfidated proteins in wild-type Arabidopsis and L-CYSTEINE DESULFHYDRASE 1 mutant leaves using the tag-switch method. The 2015 identified persulfidated proteins were isolated from plants grown under controlled conditions, and therefore, at least 5% of the entire Arabidopsis proteome may undergo persulfidation under baseline conditions. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that persulfidated cysteines participate in a wide range of biological functions, regulating important processes such as carbon metabolism, plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses, plant growth and development, and RNA translation. Quantitative analysis in both genetic backgrounds reveals that protein persulfidation is mainly involved in primary metabolic pathways such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis, and the Calvin cycle, suggesting that this protein modification is a new regulatory component in these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan M Benito
- Instituto de Investigaciones Química, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Luis C Romero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis
- Correspondence:
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Aroca A, Schneider M, Scheibe R, Gotor C, Romero LC. Hydrogen Sulfide Regulates the Cytosolic/Nuclear Partitioning of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase by Enhancing its Nuclear Localization. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:983-992. [PMID: 28444344 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide is an important signaling molecule comparable with nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide in plants. The underlying mechanism of its action is unknown, although it has been proposed to be S-sulfhydration. This post-translational modification converts the thiol groups of cysteines within proteins to persulfides, resulting in functional changes of the proteins. In Arabidopsis thaliana, S-sulfhydrated proteins have been identified, including the cytosolic isoforms of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GapC1 and GapC2. In this work, we studied the regulation of sulfide on the subcellular localization of these proteins using two different approaches. We generated GapC1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) and GapC2-GFP transgenic plants in both the wild type and the des1 mutant defective in the l-cysteine desulfhydrase DES1, responsible for the generation of sulfide in the cytosol. The GFP signal was detected in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of epidermal cells, although with reduced nuclear localization in des1 compared with the wild type, and exogenous sulfide treatment resulted in similar signals in nuclei in both backgrounds. The second approach consisted of the immunoblot analysis of the GapC endogenous proteins in enriched nuclear and cytosolic protein extracts, and similar results were obtained. A significant reduction in the total amount of GapC in des1 in comparison with the wild type was determined and exogenous sulfide significantly increased the protein levels in the nuclei in both plants, with a stronger response in the wild type. Moreover, the presence of an S-sulfhydrated cysteine residue on GapC1 was demonstrated by mass spectrometry. We conclude that sulfide enhances the nuclear localization of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Aroca
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Markus Schneider
- Department of Plant Physiology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Renate Scheibe
- Department of Plant Physiology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Cecilia Gotor
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luis C Romero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Kang ZH, Wang GX. Redox regulation in the thylakoid lumen. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 192:28-37. [PMID: 26812087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Higher plants need to balance the efficiency of light energy absorption and dissipative photo-protection when exposed to fluctuations in light quantity and quality. This aim is partially realized through redox regulation within the chloroplast, which occurs in all chloroplast compartments except the envelope intermembrane space. In contrast to the chloroplast stroma, less attention has been paid to the thylakoid lumen, an inner, continuous space enclosed by the thylakoid membrane in which redox regulation is also essential for photosystem biogenesis and function. This sub-organelle compartment contains at least 80 lumenal proteins, more than 30 of which are known to contain disulfide bonds. Thioredoxins (Trx) in the chloroplast stroma are photo-reduced in the light, transferring reducing power to the proteins in the thylakoid membrane and ultimately the lumen through a trans-thylakoid membrane-reduced, equivalent pathway. The discovery of lumenal thiol oxidoreductase highlights the importance of the redox regulation network in the lumen for controlling disulfide bond formation, which is responsible for protein activity and folding and even plays a role in photo-protection. In addition, many lumenal members involved in photosystem assembly and non-photochemical quenching are likely required for reduction and/or oxidation to maintain their proper efficiency upon changes in light intensity. In light of recent findings, this review summarizes the multiple redox processes that occur in the thylakoid lumen in great detail, highlighting the essential auxiliary roles of lumenal proteins under fluctuating light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hui Kang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Gui-Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
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Physiological Implications of Hydrogen Sulfide in Plants: Pleasant Exploration behind Its Unpleasant Odour. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:397502. [PMID: 26078806 PMCID: PMC4442293 DOI: 10.1155/2015/397502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, overwhelming evidence has proven that hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which was identified as a gasotransmitter in animals, plays important roles in diverse physiological processes in plants as well. With the discovery and systematic classification of the enzymes producing H2S in vivo, a better understanding of the mechanisms by which H2S influences plant responses to various stimuli was reached. There are many functions of H2S, including the modulation of defense responses and plant growth and development, as well as the regulation of senescence and maturation. Additionally, mounting evidence indicates that H2S signaling interacts with plant hormones, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and other molecules in signaling pathways.
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Signaling in the plant cytosol: cysteine or sulfide? Amino Acids 2014; 47:2155-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1786-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Romero LC, Aroca MÁ, Laureano-Marín AM, Moreno I, García I, Gotor C. Cysteine and cysteine-related signaling pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:264-76. [PMID: 24285094 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine occupies a central position in plant metabolism because it is a reduced sulfur donor molecule involved in the synthesis of essential biomolecules and defense compounds. Moreover, cysteine per se and its derivative molecules play roles in the redox signaling of processes occurring in various cellular compartments. Cysteine is synthesized during the sulfate assimilation pathway via the incorporation of sulfide to O-acetylserine, catalyzed by O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase (OASTL). Plant cells contain OASTLs in the mitochondria, chloroplasts, and cytosol, resulting in a complex array of isoforms and subcellular cysteine pools. In recent years, significant progress has been made in Arabidopsis, in determining the specific roles of the OASTLs and the metabolites produced by them. Thus, the discovery of novel enzymatic activities of the less-abundant, like DES1 with L-cysteine desulfhydrase activity and SCS with S-sulfocysteine synthase activity, has provided new perspectives on their roles, besides their metabolic functions. Thereby, the research has been demonstrated that cytosolic sulfide and chloroplastic S-sulfocysteine act as signaling molecules regulating autophagy and protecting the photosystems, respectively. In the cytosol, cysteine plays an essential role in plant immunity; in the mitochondria, this molecule plays a central role in the detoxification of cyanide, which is essential for root hair development and plant responses to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis C Romero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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Álvarez C, García I, Moreno I, Pérez-Pérez ME, Crespo JL, Romero LC, Gotor C. Cysteine-generated sulfide in the cytosol negatively regulates autophagy and modulates the transcriptional profile in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2012; 24:4621-34. [PMID: 23144183 PMCID: PMC3531856 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.112.105403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, DES1 is the only identified L-Cysteine desulfhydrase located in the cytosol, and it is involved in the degradation of cysteine and the concomitant production of H(2)S in this cell compartment. Detailed characterization of the T-DNA insertion mutants des1-1 and des1-2 has provided insight into the role of sulfide metabolically generated in the cytosol as a signaling molecule. Mutations of L-CYS DESULFHYDRASE 1 (DES1) impede H(2)S generation in the Arabidopsis cytosol and strongly affect plant metabolism. Senescence-associated vacuoles are detected in mesophyll protoplasts of des1 mutants. Additionally, DES1 deficiency promotes the accumulation and lipidation of the ATG8 protein, which is associated with the process of autophagy. The transcriptional profile of the des1-1 mutant corresponds to its premature senescence and autophagy-induction phenotypes, and restoring H(2)S generation has been shown to eliminate the phenotypic defects of des1 mutants. Moreover, sulfide is able to reverse ATG8 accumulation and lipidation, even in wild-type plants when autophagy is induced by carbon starvation, suggesting a general effect of sulfide on autophagy regulation that is unrelated to sulfur or nitrogen limitation stress. Our results suggest that cysteine-generated sulfide in the cytosol negatively regulates autophagy and modulates the transcriptional profile of Arabidopsis.
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