1
|
Kwon D, Jo Y, Sohn Y, Kim J. Sterilization efficacy of a homemade UV lamp system on ceramic and porcelain tiles. Analyst 2024. [PMID: 38887083 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00369a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) sterilization of Bacillus atrophaeus spores attached to eight types of tiles, consisting of combinations of ceramic and porcelain, white and black, and matte and glossy surfaces, was investigated using a homemade UV lamp system with different irradiation times (10 s, 30 s, and 60 s) and UV lamp-to-tile distances (32 mm, 76 mm, and 120 mm). The results demonstrated a reduction in colony numbers with increasing irradiation time and decreasing lamp-to-tile distance, with nearly complete sterilization observed for a 120 mm lamp-to-tile distance with 60 s UV irradiation and for a 32 mm lamp-to-tile distance with 10 s UV irradiation. Specifically, superior UV sterilization efficacy was observed on porcelain compared to ceramic tiles, on white compared to black tiles, and on matte compared to glossy tiles, consistent with the reflectance trend. In conclusion, among the tested tile surfaces, the white matte porcelain tile exhibited the most efficient UV sterilization, attributed to its highest UV reflectance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dokyung Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yongju Jo
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngku Sohn
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeongkwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shi XL, Yang J, Zhang Y, Qin P, Zhou HY, Chen YZ. The photoactivated antifungal activity and possible mode of action of sodium pheophorbide a on Diaporthe mahothocarpus causing leaf spot blight in Camellia oleifera. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1403478. [PMID: 38939192 PMCID: PMC11208333 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1403478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sodium pheophorbide a (SPA) is a natural plant-derived photosensitizer, with high photoactivated antifungal activity against some phytopathogenic fungi. However, its fungicidal effect on Diaporthe mahothocarpus, a novel pathogen that causes Camellia oleifera leaf spot blight, is unclear. Methods In the present study, we explored its inhibitory effects on spore germination and mycelial growth of D. mahothocarpus. Then we determined its effects on the cell membrane, mycelial morphology, redox homeostasis, and cell death through bioassay. Finally, RNA-seq was used further to elucidate its mode of action at the transcriptional level. Results We found that SPA effectively inhibited the growth of D. mahothocarpus, with half-maximal effective concentrations to inhibit mycelial growth and spore germination of 1.059 and 2.287 mg/mL, respectively. After 1.0 mg/mL SPA treatment, the conductivity and malondialdehyde content of D. mahothocarpus were significantly increased. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy indicated that SPA significantly affected the morphology and ultrastructure of D. mahothocarpus hyphae, revealing that SPA can destroy the mycelial morphology and cell structure, especially the cell membrane of D. mahothocarpus. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that SPA significantly suppressed the expression of genes involved in morphology, cell membrane permeability, and oxidative stress. Then, we also found that SPA significantly promoted the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in of D. mahothocarpus, while it decreased the content of reduced glutathione, inhibited the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and exacerbated DNA damage. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining also confirmed that 1.0 mg/mL SPA could significantly induce apoptosis and necrosis. Discussion Generally, SPA can induce ROS-mediated oxidative stress and cell death, thus destroying the cell membrane and hyphal morphology, and ultimately inhibiting mycelial growth, which indicates that SPA has multiple modes of action, providing a scientific basis for the use of SPA as an alternative plant-derived photoactivated fungicide against C. oleifera leaf spot blight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Long Shi
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Piao Qin
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - He-Ying Zhou
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yun-Ze Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aboamer MA, Alsuayri AS, Alassaf A, Alqahtani TM, Alresheedi BA, Saijari GN, Osman EA, Mohamed NAR. Hybrid Radiant Disinfection: Exploring UVC and UVB Sterilization Impact on the Mechanical Characteristics of PLA Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4658. [PMID: 38139910 PMCID: PMC10747951 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores the impact of disinfection techniques on the mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), a crucial material in the production of medical implants, tissue engineering, orthopedic devices and drug delivery systems, owing to its biocompatibility and ease of manufacturing. The focus is on evaluating the effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV) type C (254 nm wavelength) and the combined use of type C and B (310 nm wavelength) disinfection methods. Fifteen tensile test specimens (ASTM D638) and fifteen compression test specimens (ASTM D695) were utilized to assess PLA's mechanical properties, including yield strength, ultimate strength, and fracture strength. The investigation involved subjecting the specimens to the specified disinfection methods and evaluating these properties both before and after the disinfection process. In the tensile test, a statistically significant difference (p = 0) in yield displacement was observed among the three groups. Additionally, a notable difference (p = 0.047) in fracture displacement was identified between the untreated group and the UVC and UVB combination group. No discernible impact on yield or fracture forces was noted. In the compression test, there was a significant difference (p = 0.04) in yield displacement and a clear difference (p = 0.05) in fracture force between the untreated group and the UVC and UVB combination group. The hybrid combination of UVC and UVB disinfection techniques did not affect yield force in both tensile and compression tests. However, it demonstrated a clear impact on displacement, suggesting its potential as a promising disinfection technique in the medical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Aboamer
- Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.)
| | | | - Ahmad Alassaf
- Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.)
| | - Tariq M. Alqahtani
- Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.)
| | - Bakheet A. Alresheedi
- Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.)
| | - Ghazwan N. Saijari
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elamir A. Osman
- Biomedical Technology Department, Inaya Medical Colleges, Riyadh 13541, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nader A. Rahman Mohamed
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Giza 12568, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Allahyari E, Carraturo F, De Risi A, Nappo A, Morelli M, Cajora A, Guida M. A sequential utilization of the UV-A (365 nm) fluence rate for disinfection of water, contaminated with Legionella pneumophila and Legionelladumoffii. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119224. [PMID: 35351592 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Legionella species are the etiological agent of Legionnaires' disease, a pathology easily contracted from water circuits and by the inhalation of aerosol droplets. This bacterium mainly proliferates in water: Legionella pneumophila is the most commonly isolated specie in water environments and consequently in water system, although further Legionella species have frequently been isolated, including Legionella dumoffii. The simultaneous presence of the two species in the water system can therefore lead to the simultaneous infection of several people, giving rise to harmful outbreaks. Ultraviolet inactivation of waterborne microorganisms offers a rapid and effective treatment technique and recently is getting more attention mostly to eliminate unsafe level of contamination. To tackle the issue, the inactivation of the two species of Legionella spp., namely L. pneumophila and L. dumoffii, by means of UV-A light emitting diodes (UV-A LED) system is explored. We used a commercially available UV-A LED at 365 nm wavelength, and the UV-A dose is given incrementally to the Legionellae with a concentration of 106 CFU/mL in 0.9% NaCl (aq) solution. In this study, with a UV-A-dose of 1700 mJ/cm2, the log-reduction of 3-log (99.9% inactivation) for L. pneumophila and 2.1-log (99.1% inactivation) for L. dumoffii of the contaminated water are achieved. The Electrical Energy per Order (EEO) is evaluated and showed this system is more economic and efficient in comparison with UV-C and UV-B LEDs. Following the support of this preliminary study with additional tests, aiming to validate the technology, we expect this device may be installed in water plants such as cooling systems or any water purification station in either industrial or home scales to reduce the risk of this infectious disease, preventing consumers' health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Allahyari
- PROMETE Srl, CNR Spin off, P.le V. Tecchio, 45, 80125, Naples, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Federica Carraturo
- Hygiene Laboratories: Water, Food, Environment, Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy; Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), University of Federico II, Corso Nicolangelo Protopisani, 80146, Naples, Italy
| | - Arianna De Risi
- Hygiene Laboratories: Water, Food, Environment, Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Nappo
- Hygiene Laboratories: Water, Food, Environment, Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Michela Morelli
- Hygiene Laboratories: Water, Food, Environment, Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Cajora
- PROMETE Srl, CNR Spin off, P.le V. Tecchio, 45, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- Hygiene Laboratories: Water, Food, Environment, Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy; Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), University of Federico II, Corso Nicolangelo Protopisani, 80146, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Photoelectrochemical oxidation assisted air purifiers; perspective as potential tools to control indoor SARS-CoV-2 Exposure. APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 9:100236. [PMCID: PMC8939627 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsadv.2022.100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19), a viral infection pandemic, arises due to easy human-to-human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The SARS-CoV-2 causes severe respiratory disorders and other life-threatening diseases (during/post-infection) such as black mold disease, diabetes, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders/diseases. COVID-19 infection emerged challenging to control as SARS-CoV-2 transmits through respiratory droplets (> 10 µm size range), aerosols (< 5 µm), airborne, and particulate matter (PM1.0 PM2.5 and PM10.0). SARS-CoV-2 is more infective in indoor premises due to aerodynamics where droplets, aerosols, and PM1.0/2.5/10.0 float for a longer time and distance leading to a higher probability of it entering upper and lower respiratory tracts. To avoid human-to-human transmission, it is essential to trap and destroy SARS-CoV-2 from the air and provide virus-free air that will significantly reduce indoor viral exposure concerns. In this process, an efficient nano-enable photoelectrochemical oxidation (PECO, a destructive approach to neutralize bio-organism) assisted air purification is undoubtedly a good technological choice. This technical perspective explores the role of PECO-assisted Air-Purifiers (i.e., Molekule as a focus example for proof-of-concept) to trap and destroy indoor microorganisms (bacteria and viruses including Coronaviruses), molds, and allergens, and other indoor air pollutants, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and PM1.0/2.5/10.0. It is observed through various standard and non-standard tests that stimuli-responsive nanomaterials coated filter technology traps and destroys microbial particles. Due to technological advancements according to premises requirements and high-performance desired outcomes, Molekule air purifiers, Air Pro Air -Rx, Air Mini, and Air Mini+, have received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance as a Class II medical device for the destruction of bacteria and viruses.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kaushik S, Karmakar S, Bisht P, Liao CH, Li X, Varshney RK, Mehta BR, Singh R. Localized surface plasmon resonance-enhanced solar-blind Al 0.4Ga 0.6N MSM photodetectors exhibiting high-temperature robustness. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:145202. [PMID: 34902849 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac4285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The appealing properties of tunable direct wide bandgap, high-temperature robustness and chemical hardness, make AlxGa1-xN a promising candidate for fabricating robust solar-blind photodetectors (PDs). In this work, we have utilized the optical phenomenon of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in metal nanoparticles (NPs) to significantly enhance the performance of solar-blind Al0.4Ga0.6N metal-semiconductor-metal PDs that exhibit high-temperature robustness. We demonstrate that the presence of palladium (Pd) NPs leads to a remarkable enhancement by nearly 600, 300, and 462%, respectively, in the photo-to-dark current ratio (PDCR), responsivity, and specific detectivity of the Al0.4Ga0.6N PD at the wavelength of 280 nm. Using the optical power density of only 32μW cm-2at -10 V, maximum values of ∼3 × 103, 2.7 AW-1, and 2.4 × 1013Jones are found for the PDCR, responsivity and specific detectivity, respectively. The experimental observations are supported by finite difference time domain simulations, which clearly indicate the presence of LSPR in Pd NPs decorated on the surface of Al0.4Ga0.6N. The mechanism behind the enhancement is investigated in detail, and is ascribed to the LSPR induced effects, namely, improved optical absorption, enhanced local electric field and LSPR sensitization effect. Moreover, the PD exhibits a stable operation up to 400 K, thereby exhibiting the high-temperature robustness desirable for commercial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuchi Kaushik
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Subhajit Karmakar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Prashant Bisht
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Che-Hao Liao
- Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaohang Li
- Advanced Semiconductor Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ravendra Kumar Varshney
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Bodh Raj Mehta
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
- Nanoscale Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Delcanale P, Abbruzzetti S, Viappiani C. Photodynamic treatment of pathogens. LA RIVISTA DEL NUOVO CIMENTO 2022; 45:407-459. [PMCID: PMC8921710 DOI: 10.1007/s40766-022-00031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The current viral pandemic has highlighted the compelling need for effective and versatile treatments, that can be quickly tuned to tackle new threats, and are robust against mutations. Development of such treatments is made even more urgent in view of the decreasing effectiveness of current antibiotics, that makes microbial infections the next emerging global threat. Photodynamic effect is one such method. It relies on physical processes proceeding from excited states of particular organic molecules, called photosensitizers, generated upon absorption of visible or near infrared light. The excited states of these molecules, tailored to undergo efficient intersystem crossing, interact with molecular oxygen and generate short lived reactive oxygen species (ROS), mostly singlet oxygen. These species are highly cytotoxic through non-specific oxidation reactions and constitute the basis of the treatment. In spite of the apparent simplicity of the principle, the method still has to face important challenges. For instance, the short lifetime of ROS means that the photosensitizer must reach the target within a few tens nanometers, which requires proper molecular engineering at the nanoscale level. Photoactive nanostructures thus engineered should ideally comprise a functionality that turns the system into a theranostic means, for instance, through introduction of fluorophores suitable for nanoscopy. We discuss the principles of the method and the current molecular strategies that have been and still are being explored in antimicrobial and antiviral photodynamic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Delcanale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania Abbruzzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Cristiano Viappiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dubey SK, Parab S, Alexander A, Agrawal M, Achalla VPK, Pal UN, Pandey MM, Kesharwani P. Cold atmospheric plasma therapy in wound healing. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
9
|
Aboamer MA, Elgohary DH, Almukil AA, Aboamer AA, Alarifi IM, Bakouri M, Rahman Mohamed NA. A comparative study of mechanical behavior of ABS material based on UVC sterilization for medical usage. JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 36:3373-3385. [PMCID: PMC9258472 DOI: 10.1007/s12206-022-0616-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the mechanical properties of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene specimens using ASTM 638, 695, and 790. UVC radiation was also used as a sterilizing method. The fused deposition modeling of 3D-printed polymerize with 30% filling was used to manufacture 30 specimens for tensile, compression, and bending. Half of the specimens were treated with UVC, whereas the other half were not. The chosen dosage of 13.5 J/cm2 with an exposure time of 48 min corresponds to 3650 sterilization treatments or 10 years of sterilization. The average ultimate stress in the tensile test, compression test, and bending test was 34.5 ± 7.4, 25.4 ± 0.5, and 24.5 ± 2.1 Mpa, respectively. The analysis of variance test shows that UVC radiation has a demonstrable influence on tensile specimens, with a P-value of 0.012, which is less than the significance threshold of 0.05. Thus, the null hypothesis is rejected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Aboamer
- Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952 Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa H. Elgohary
- Department of Spinning and Weaving Engineering, Institute of Textile Research and Technology, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O.12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali Abdullah Almukil
- Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Aboamer
- Department of Dairy Sciences, Institute of Food Industries and Nutrition Research National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M. Alarifi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Riyadh, 11952 Saudi Arabia
- Engineering and Applied Science Research Center, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Riyadh, 11952 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen Bakouri
- Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, College of Arts, Fezzan University, Traghen, 71340 Libya
| | - Nader A. Rahman Mohamed
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gala JL, Rebane O, Ambroise J, Babichenko S, Nyabi O, Hance T. Acaricidal efficacy of ultraviolet-C irradiation of Tetranychus urticae adults and eggs using a pulsed krypton fluoride excimer laser. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:578. [PMID: 34789326 PMCID: PMC8596343 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulsed ultraviolet (UV)-C light sources, such as excimer lasers, are used in emerging non-thermal food-decontamination methods and also have high potential for use in a wide range of microbial decontamination applications. The acaricidal effect of an experimental UV-C irradiation device was assessed using female adults and eggs of a model organism, the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae. METHODS UV-C light was generated by a pulsed krypton fluoride excimer laser operating at 248-nm emission wavelength. The pulse energy and pulse repetition rate were 5 mJ and up to 100 Hz, respectively. The distance from the light source to the target was 150 mm; the target surface area was 2.16 cm2. The exposure time for the mites and fresh eggs varied from 1 to 4 min at 5-300 mW, which corresponded to UV doses of 5-80 kJ/m2. Post-irradiation acaricidal effects (mite mortality) were assessed immediately and also measured at 24 h. The effects of UV-C irradiation on the hatchability of eggs were observed daily for up to 12 days post-irradiation. RESULTS The mortality of mites at 5 and 40 kJ/m2 was 26% and 92%, respectively. Mite mortality reached 98% at 80 kJ/m2. The effect of exposure duration on mortality was minimal. The effect of irradiation on egg hatchability was even more significant than that on adult mite mortality, i.e. about 100% egg mortality at an accumulated dose of as little as 5 kJ/m2 for each exposure time. CONCLUSIONS A high rate of mite mortality and lethal egg damage were observed after less than 1 min of exposure to 5 mJ UV-C pulsed irradiation at 60 Hz. Pending further developments (such as beam steering, beam shaping and miniaturisation) and feasibility studies (such as testing with mites in real-life situations), the reported results and characteristics of the UV-C generator (modulation of energy output and adaptability to varying spot sizes) open up the use of this technology for a vast field of acaricidal applications that require long-range radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Gala
- Centre for Applied Molecular Technologies, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Tour Claude Bernard, Avenue Hippocrate 54-55, First floor, B1.54.01, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ott Rebane
- LDI Innovation OÜ, Sära 7, Peetri, Estonia
| | - Jérôme Ambroise
- Centre for Applied Molecular Technologies, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Tour Claude Bernard, Avenue Hippocrate 54-55, First floor, B1.54.01, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Omar Nyabi
- Centre for Applied Molecular Technologies, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Tour Claude Bernard, Avenue Hippocrate 54-55, First floor, B1.54.01, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Hance
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du sud 4-5, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Krishnan S, Dusane A, Morajkar R, Venkat A, Vernekar AA. Deciphering the role of nanostructured materials in the point-of-care diagnostics for COVID-19: a comprehensive review. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:5967-5981. [PMID: 34254626 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01182k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The infamous COVID-19 outbreak has left a crippling impact on the economy, healthcare infrastructure, and lives of the general working class, with all the scientists determined to find suitable and efficient diagnostic techniques and therapies to contain its ramifications. This article presents the complete outline of the diagnostic platforms developed using nanoparticles in the detection of SARS-CoV-2, delineating the direct and indirect use of nanomaterials in COVID-19 diagnosis. The properties of nanostructured materials and their relevance in the development of novel point-of-care diagnostic approaches for COVID-19 are highlighted. More importantly, the advantages of nanotechnologies over conventional reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction technique and few other methods used in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 along with the viewpoints are discussed. Also, the future perspectives highlighting the commercial aspects of the nanotechnology-based diagnostic tools developed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Apurva Dusane
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai 600 020, India.
| | - Rasmi Morajkar
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai 600 020, India.
| | - Akila Venkat
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai 600 020, India.
| | - Amit A Vernekar
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai 600 020, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sadique MA, Yadav S, Ranjan P, Verma S, Salammal ST, Khan MA, Kaushik A, Khan R. High-performance antiviral nano-systems as a shield to inhibit viral infections: SARS-CoV-2 as a model case study. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:4620-4642. [PMID: 34027540 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00472g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant accomplishments in developing efficient rapid sensing systems and nano-therapeutics of higher efficacy, the recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is not under control successfully because the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS-CoV-2, original and mutated) transmits easily from human to -human and causes life-threatening respiratory disorders. Thus, it has become crucial to avoid this transmission through precautions and keep premises hygienic using high-performance anti-viral nanomaterials to trap and eradicate SARS-CoV-2. Such an antiviral nano-system has successfully demonstrated useful significant contribution in COVID-19 pandemic/endemic management effectively. However, their projection with potential sustainable prospects still requires considerable attention and efforts. With this aim, the presented review highlights various severe life-threatening viral infections and the role of multi-functional anti-viral nanostructures with manipulative properties investigated as an efficient precative shielding agent against viral infection progression. The salient features of such various nanostructures, antiviral mechanisms, and high impact multi-dimensional roles are systematically discussed in this review. Additionally, the challenges associated with the projection of alternative approaches also support the demand and significance of this selected scientific topic. The outcomes of this review will certainly be useful to motivate scholars of various expertise who are planning future research in the field of investigating sustainable and affordable high-performance nano-systems of desired antiviral performance to manage not only COVID-19 infection but other targeted viral infections as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Abubakar Sadique
- Microfluidics & MEMS Centre, CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India.
| | - Shalu Yadav
- Microfluidics & MEMS Centre, CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pushpesh Ranjan
- Microfluidics & MEMS Centre, CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sarika Verma
- Microfluidics & MEMS Centre, CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shabi Thankaraj Salammal
- Microfluidics & MEMS Centre, CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mohd Akram Khan
- Microfluidics & MEMS Centre, CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health Systems Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, Florida 33805, USA
| | - Raju Khan
- Microfluidics & MEMS Centre, CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kaushik AK, Dhau JS, Gohel H, Mishra YK, Kateb B, Kim NY, Goswami DY. Electrochemical SARS-CoV-2 Sensing at Point-of-Care and Artificial Intelligence for Intelligent COVID-19 Management. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:7306-7325. [PMID: 35019473 PMCID: PMC7605341 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To manage the COVID-19 pandemic, development of rapid, selective, sensitive diagnostic systems for early stage β-coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) virus protein detection is emerging as a necessary response to generate the bioinformatics needed for efficient smart diagnostics, optimization of therapy, and investigation of therapies of higher efficacy. The urgent need for such diagnostic systems is recommended by experts in order to achieve the mass and targeted SARS-CoV-2 detection required to manage the COVID-19 pandemic through the understanding of infection progression and timely therapy decisions. To achieve these tasks, there is a scope for developing smart sensors to rapidly and selectively detect SARS-CoV-2 protein at the picomolar level. COVID-19 infection, due to human-to-human transmission, demands diagnostics at the point-of-care (POC) without the need of experienced labor and sophisticated laboratories. Keeping the above-mentioned considerations, we propose to explore the compartmentalization approach by designing and developing nanoenabled miniaturized electrochemical biosensors to detect SARS-CoV-2 virus at the site of the epidemic as the best way to manage the pandemic. Such COVID-19 diagnostics approach based on a POC sensing technology can be interfaced with the Internet of things and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques (such as machine learning and deep learning for diagnostics) for investigating useful informatics via data storage, sharing, and analytics. Keeping COVID-19 management related challenges and aspects under consideration, our work in this review presents a collective approach involving electrochemical SARS-CoV-2 biosensing supported by AI to generate the bioinformatics needed for early stage COVID-19 diagnosis, correlation of viral load with pathogenesis, understanding of pandemic progression, therapy optimization, POC diagnostics, and diseases management in a personalized manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet Kumar Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of
Natural Sciences, Division of Sciences, Art, & Mathematics,
Florida Polytechnic University,
Lakeland, Florida 33805, United States
| | | | - Hardik Gohel
- Applied AI Research Lab,
University of Houston Victoria,
Victoria, Texas 77901, United State
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD,
University of Southern Denmark,
Alsion 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Babak Kateb
- National Center for
NanoBioElectronics, Brain Mapping Foundation, Brain Technology and
Innovation Park, Society for Brain Mapping and
Therapeutics, Pacific Palisades, California 90272,
United States
| | - Nam-Young Kim
- RFIC Bio Center, Department of Electronics
Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul
01897, South Korea
| | - Dharendra Yogi Goswami
- Clean Energy Research Center,
University of South Florida, Tampa,
Florida 33620, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Paliwal P, Sargolzaei S, Bhardwaj SK, Bhardwaj V, Dixit C, Kaushik A. Grand Challenges in Bio-Nanotechnology to Manage the COVID-19 Pandemic. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2020.571284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
15
|
Khorsandi K, Fekrazad S, Vahdatinia F, Farmany A, Fekrazad R. Nano Antiviral Photodynamic Therapy: a Probable Biophysicochemical Management Modality in SARS-CoV-2. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 18:265-272. [PMID: 33019838 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1829591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 disease has shocked the world by its spread and contagiousness. At this time, there is no valid vaccine and no proven drug treatment for COVID-19 patients. Current treatments are focused on Oxygenation, Cytokine Storm management, anti-inflammatory effects, and antiviral therapy. Antiviral photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is based on the reaction between a photo-sensitive agent and a light source in the presence of oxygen which can produce oxidative and free radical agents to damage the virus' structures. Recent studies show that nanotechnology can improve aPDT's outcome. The aim of this study was to find out the potential therapeutic effects of Nano antiviral photodynamic therapy on COVID-19. AREAS COVERED This review evaluates Nano Antiviral Photodynamic Therapy: A Probable Biophysicochemical Management Modality in SARS-CoV-2. Data were extracted from published different studies published on PUBMED, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. EXPERT OPINION Studies indicating that aPDT and Nano-based aPDT can be useful in viral pulmonary complications like Influenza, SARS-CoV, and MERS, but there was no direct study on SARS-Cov-2. Recent studies showed that Nano-based aPDT could relate to control of the stages of viral infections. Altogether, further investigations for the application of nanomedicine in antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation are needed for COVID-19 Management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khatereh Khorsandi
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, YARA Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepehr Fekrazad
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Vahdatinia
- Dental Research Center, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abbas Farmany
- Dental Research Center, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kamani E, Razzaghi M. Application of Laser Blue Light With a Wavelength of 405 nm in the Treatment of Patients With the Virus COVID-19. J Lasers Med Sci 2020; 11:361-362. [PMID: 33425284 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2020.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Kamani
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Razzaghi
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kciuk M, Marciniak B, Mojzych M, Kontek R. Focus on UV-Induced DNA Damage and Repair-Disease Relevance and Protective Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197264. [PMID: 33019598 PMCID: PMC7582305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective ozone layer is continually depleting due to the release of deteriorating environmental pollutants. The diminished ozone layer contributes to excessive exposure of cells to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This leads to various cellular responses utilized to restore the homeostasis of exposed cells. DNA is the primary chromophore of the cells that absorbs sunlight energy. Exposure of genomic DNA to UV light leads to the formation of multitude of types of damage (depending on wavelength and exposure time) that are removed by effectively working repair pathways. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge considering cellular response to UV radiation with special focus on DNA damage and repair and to give a comprehensive insight for new researchers in this field. We also highlight most important future prospects considering application of the progressing knowledge of UV response for the clinical control of diverse pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kciuk
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha St., 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (B.M.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Beata Marciniak
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha St., 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (B.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Mariusz Mojzych
- Department of Chemistry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 3 Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland;
| | - Renata Kontek
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha St., 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (B.M.); (R.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ultraviolet A light effectively reduces bacteria and viruses including coronavirus. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236199. [PMID: 32673355 PMCID: PMC7365468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant and novel pathogens continue to emerge, outpacing efforts to contain and treat them. Therefore, there is a crucial need for safe and effective therapies. Ultraviolet-A (UVA) phototherapy is FDA-approved for several dermatological diseases but not for internal applications. We investigated UVA effects on human cells in vitro, mouse colonic tissue in vivo, and UVA efficacy against bacteria, yeast, coxsackievirus group B and coronavirus-229E. Several pathogens and virally transfected human cells were exposed to a series of specific UVA exposure regimens. HeLa, alveolar and primary human tracheal epithelial cell viability was assessed after UVA exposure, and 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine was measured as an oxidative DNA damage marker. Furthermore, wild-type mice were exposed to intracolonic UVA as an in vivo model to assess safety of internal UVA exposure. Controlled UVA exposure yielded significant reductions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridioides difficile, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Proteus mirabilis and Candida albicans. UVA-treated coxsackievirus-transfected HeLa cells exhibited significantly increased cell survival compared to controls. UVA-treated coronavirus-229E-transfected tracheal cells exhibited significant coronavirus spike protein reduction, increased mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein and decreased coronavirus-229E-induced cell death. Specific controlled UVA exposure had no significant effect on growth or 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine levels in three types of human cells. Single or repeated in vivo intraluminal UVA exposure produced no discernible endoscopic, histologic or dysplastic changes in mice. These findings suggest that, under specific conditions, UVA reduces various pathogens including coronavirus-229E, and may provide a safe and effective treatment for infectious diseases of internal viscera. Clinical studies are warranted to further elucidate the safety and efficacy of UVA in humans.
Collapse
|
19
|
Wiehe A, O'Brien JM, Senge MO. Trends and targets in antiviral phototherapy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2565-2612. [PMID: 31397467 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00211a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a well-established treatment option in the treatment of certain cancerous and pre-cancerous lesions. Though best-known for its application in tumor therapy, historically the photodynamic effect was first demonstrated against bacteria at the beginning of the 20th century. Today, in light of spreading antibiotic resistance and the rise of new infections, this photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of microbes, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses, is gaining considerable attention. This review focuses on the PDI of viruses as an alternative treatment in antiviral therapy, but also as a means of viral decontamination, covering mainly the literature of the last decade. The PDI of viruses shares the general action mechanism of photodynamic applications: the irradiation of a dye with light and the subsequent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are the effective phototoxic agents damaging virus targets by reacting with viral nucleic acids, lipids and proteins. Interestingly, a light-independent antiviral activity has also been found for some of these dyes. This review covers the compound classes employed in the PDI of viruses and their various areas of use. In the medical area, currently two fields stand out in which the PDI of viruses has found broader application: the purification of blood products and the treatment of human papilloma virus manifestations. However, the PDI of viruses has also found interest in such diverse areas as water and surface decontamination, and biosafety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arno Wiehe
- biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany. and Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica M O'Brien
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Mathias O Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
DeFord DM, Nosek JM, Castiglia KR, Hasik EF, Franke ME, Nick BC, Abdelnour AM, Haas CE, Junod NA, Latsko KN, Moore ML, Berthrong ST, Rostad CA, Stobart CC. Evaluation of the role of respiratory syncytial virus surface glycoproteins F and G on viral stability and replication: implications for future vaccine design. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:1112-1122. [PMID: 31184573 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains a leading cause of infant mortality worldwide and exhaustive international efforts are underway to develop a vaccine. However, vaccine development has been hindered by a legacy of vaccine-enhanced disease, poor viral immunogenicity in infants, and genetic and physical instabilities. Natural infection with RSV does not prime for enhanced disease encouraging development of live-attenuated RSV vaccines for infants; however, physical instabilities of RSV may limit vaccine development. The role of RSV strain-specific differences on viral physical stability remains unclear. We have previously demonstrated that the RSV fusion (F) surface glycoprotein is responsible for mediating significant differences in thermostability between strains A2 and A2-line19F. In this study, we performed a more comprehensive analysis to characterize the replication and physical stability of recombinant RSV A and B strains that differed only in viral attachment (G) and/or F surface glycoprotein expression. We observed significant differences in thermal stability, syncytia size, pre-fusion F incorporation and viral growth kinetics in vitro, but limited variations to pH and freeze-thaw inactivation among several tested strains. Consistent with earlier studies, A2-line19F showed significantly enhanced thermal stability over A2, but also restricted growth kinetics in both HEp2 and Vero cells. As expected, no significant differences in susceptibility to UV inactivation were observed. These studies provide the first analysis of the physical stability of multiple strains of RSV, establish a key virus strain associated with enhanced thermal stability compared to conventional lab strain A2, and further support the pivotal role RSV F plays in virus stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darby M DeFord
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jenna M Nosek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Emily F Hasik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Megan E Franke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Benjamin C Nick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alyssa M Abdelnour
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Caitlin E Haas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nathan A Junod
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Karina N Latsko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Martin L Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sean T Berthrong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Christina A Rostad
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
How Prepared Are We for Possible Bioterrorist Attacks: An Approach from Emergency Medicine Perspective. ScientificWorldJournal 2018; 2018:7849863. [PMID: 30104916 PMCID: PMC6076891 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7849863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparedness for bioterrorist attacks and early recognition of specific agents are essential for public health. Emergency departments may play an important role in this field. The large spectrum of bioterrorism involves not only disastrous terrorism with mass casualties, but also microevents using low technology but producing civil unrest, disruption, disease, disabilities, and death. It aims not only to cause mortality and morbidity, but also to lead to social and political disruption. Preparedness appears to be the most potent defense against possible bioterrorist events. In this article, we aim to create awareness against biological agents and underline the importance of emergency departments in this public health problem.
Collapse
|
22
|
Kielmann M, Prior C, Senge MO. Porphyrins in troubled times: a spotlight on porphyrins and their metal complexes for explosives testing and CBRN defense. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04679k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A critical perspective on (metallo)porphyrins in security-related applications: the past, present and future of explosives detection, CBRN defense, and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Kielmann
- School of Chemistry
- SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
| | - Caroline Prior
- School of Chemistry
- SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute
- Trinity Centre for Health Sciences
- Trinity College Dublin
- The University of Dublin
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Takada A, Matsushita K, Horioka S, Furuichi Y, Sumi Y. Bactericidal effects of 310 nm ultraviolet light-emitting diode irradiation on oral bacteria. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17:96. [PMID: 28587675 PMCID: PMC5461700 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ultraviolet (UV) light is used for phototherapy in dermatology, and UVB light (around 310 nm) is effective for treatment of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. In addition, it is known that UVC light (around 265 nm) has a bactericidal effect, but little is known about the bactericidal effect of UVB light. In this study, we examined the bactericidal effects of UVB-light emitting diode (LED) irradiation on oral bacteria to explore the possibility of using a 310 nm UVB-LED irradiation device for treatment of oral infectious diseases. Methods We prepared a UVB (310 nm) LED device for intraoral use to examine bactericidal effects on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sauguinis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum and also to examine the cytotoxicity to a human oral epithelial cell line (Ca9–22). We also examined the production of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide from Ca9–22 cells after irradiation with UVB-LED light. Results Irradiation with the 310 nm UVB-LED at 105 mJ/cm2 showed 30–50% bactericidal activity to oral bacteria, though 17.1 mJ/cm2 irradiation with the 265 nm UVC-LED completely killed the bacteria. Ca9–22 cells were strongly injured by irradiation with the 265 nm UVC-LED but were not harmed by irradiation with the 310 nm UVB-LED. Nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide were produced by Ca9–22 cells with irradiation using the 310 nm UVB-LED. P. gingivalis was killed by applying small amounts of those reactive oxygen species (ROS) in culture, but other bacteria showed low sensitivity to the ROS. Conclusions Narrowband UVB-LED irradiation exhibited a weak bactericidal effect on oral bacteria but showed low toxicity to gingival epithelial cells. Its irradiation also induces the production of ROS from oral epithelial cells and may enhance bactericidal activity to specific periodontopathic bacteria. It may be useful as a new adjunctive therapy for periodontitis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12903-017-0382-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayuko Takada
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobestu, Hokkaido, Japan.,Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, 747-8511, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsushita
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, 747-8511, Aichi, Japan.
| | | | - Yasushi Furuichi
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobestu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sumi
- Department of Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dental Diseases, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
André CB, Dos Santos A, Pfeifer CS, Giannini M, Girotto EM, Ferracane JL. Evaluation of three different decontamination techniques on biofilm formation, and on physical and chemical properties of resin composites. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:945-953. [PMID: 28440891 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated three different sterilization/disinfection techniques for resin composites on bacterial growth and surface modification after decontamination. METHODS Two resin composites were sterilized/disinfected with three different techniques: UV light, 1% chloramine T, and 70% ethanol. Four different times were used for each technique to determine the shortest time that the solution or UV light was effective. The influence of sterilization/disinfection technique on bacterial growth was evaluated by analyzing the metabolic activity, using the AlamarBlue™ assay, bacterial viability, and SEM images from biofilms of Streptococcus mutans. The surface change, after the process, was analyzed with ATR/FTIR and SEM images. The solutions used for decontamination (1% chloramine-T and 70% ethanol) were analyzed with 1 H-NMR to identify any resin compounds leached during the process. RESULTS One minute of decontamination was efficient for all three methods tested. Chloramine-T increased the surface porosity on resin composites, no changes were observed for UV light and 70% ethanol, however, 1 H-NMR identified leached monomers only when 70% ethanol was used. No chemical change of the materials was found under ATR/FTIR analyses after the decontamination process. Chloramine-T, with no previous wash, increased the bacterial viability for both resin composites and increased the bacterial metabolism for the resin composite without fluoride. CONCLUSION UV light had no interference on the resin composites properties tested using 1 min of exposure compared to the other decontamination methods. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 945-953, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Bosso André
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Andressa Dos Santos
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Carmem Silvia Pfeifer
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Marcelo Giannini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Jack Liborio Ferracane
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dujowich M, Case JB, Ellison G, Wellehan JF. Evaluation of Low-Dose Ultraviolet Light C for Reduction of Select ESKAPE Pathogens in a Canine Skin and Muscle Model. Photomed Laser Surg 2016; 34:363-70. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2016.4107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Dujowich
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - J. Brad Case
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Gary Ellison
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - James F.X. Wellehan
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Claro EMT, Bidoia ED, de Moraes PB. A high-performance doped photocatalysts for inactivation of total coliforms in superficial waters using different sources of radiation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 177:264-270. [PMID: 27107952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic water treatment has a currently elevated electricity demand and maintenance costs, but the photocatalytic water treatment may also assist in overcoming the limitations and drawbacks of conventional water treatment processes. Among the Advanced Oxidation Processes, heterogeneous photocatalysis is one of the most widely and efficiently used processes to degrade and/or remove a wide range of polluting compounds. The goal of this work was to find out a highly efficient photocatalytic disinfection process in superficial water with different doped photocatalysts and using three sources of radiation: mercury vapor lamp, solar simulator and UV-A LED. Three doped photocatalysts were prepared, SiZnO, NSiZnO and FNSiZnO. The inactivation efficiency of each synthesized photocatalysts was compared to a TiO2 P25 (Degussa(®)) 0.5 g L(-1) control. Photolysis inactivation efficiency was 85% with UV-A LED, which is considered very high, demanding low electricity consumption in the process, whereas mercury vapor lamp and solar simulator yielded 19% and 13% inactivation efficiency, respectively. The best conditions were found with photocatalysts SiZnO, FNSiZnO and NSiZnO irradiated with UV-A LED, where efficiency exceeded 95% that matched inactivation of coliforms using the same irradiation and photocatalyst TiO2. All photocatalysts showed photocatalytic activity with all three radiation sources able to inactivate total coliforms from river water. The use of UV-A LED as the light source without photocatalyst is very promising, allowing the creation of cost-effective and highly efficient water treatment plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elis Marina Turini Claro
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Department of Technologies for Environmental Sanitation, Faculty of Technology (FT), R. Paschoal Marmo, 1888, Nova Itália, 13484-332, Limeira, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Av. 24 A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ederio Dino Bidoia
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Av. 24 A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Peterson Bueno de Moraes
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Department of Technologies for Environmental Sanitation, Faculty of Technology (FT), R. Paschoal Marmo, 1888, Nova Itália, 13484-332, Limeira, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Berger T, Eisenkraft A, Bar-Haim E, Kassirer M, Aran AA, Fogel I. Toxins as biological weapons for terror-characteristics, challenges and medical countermeasures: a mini-review. DISASTER AND MILITARY MEDICINE 2016; 2:7. [PMID: 28265441 PMCID: PMC5330008 DOI: 10.1186/s40696-016-0017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Toxins are hazardous biochemical compounds derived from bacteria, fungi, or plants. Some have mechanisms of action and physical properties that make them amenable for use as potential warfare agents. Currently, some toxins are classified as potential biological weapons, although they have several differences from classic living bio-terror pathogens and some similarities to manmade chemical warfare agents. This review focuses on category A and B bio-terror toxins recognized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Botulinum neurotoxin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin, and ricin. Their derivation, pathogenesis, mechanism of action, associated clinical signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment are discussed in detail. Given their expected covert use, the primary diagnostic challenge in toxin exposure is the early detection of morbidity clusters, apart from background morbidity, after a relatively short incubation period. For this reason, it is important that clinicians be familiar with the clinical manifestations of toxins and the appropriate methods of management and countermeasures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Berger
- Surgeon General Headquarters, IDF Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel ; Department of Internal Medicine, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Arik Eisenkraft
- Surgeon General Headquarters, IDF Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel ; Institute for Research in Military Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel ; NBC Protection Division, IMOD, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Erez Bar-Haim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Michael Kassirer
- Surgeon General Headquarters, IDF Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Adi Avniel Aran
- Surgeon General Headquarters, IDF Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel ; Pediatric Critical Care Unit, Children's Hospital, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Itay Fogel
- Surgeon General Headquarters, IDF Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Prevenslik T. QED disinfection of Ebola and drinking water in the developing world. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2015. [PMCID: PMC4474594 DOI: 10.1186/2047-2994-4-s1-i7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
29
|
Eichner A, Gollmer A, Späth A, Bäumler W, Regensburger J, König B, Maisch T. Fast and effective inactivation of Bacillus atrophaeus endospores using light-activated derivatives of vitamin B2. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:387-96. [PMID: 25423452 DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00285g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly resistant endospores may cause severe problems in medicine as well as in the food and packaging industries. We found that bacterial endospores can be inactivated quickly with reactive oxygen species (ROS) that were generated by a new generation of flavin photosensitizers. Flavins like the natural compound vitamin B2 are already known to produce ROS but they show a poor antimicrobial photodynamic killing efficacy due to the lack of positive charges. Therefore we synthesized new flavin photosensitizers that have one (FLASH-01a) or eight (FLASH-07a) positive charges and can hence attach to the negatively charged surface of endospores. In this study we used standardized Bacillus atrophaeus endospores (ATCC 9372) as a biological surrogate model for a proof-of-concept study of photodynamic inactivation experiments using FLASH-01a and FLASH-07a. After incubation of spores with different flavin concentrations, the flavin derivatives were excited with blue light at a light dose of 70 J cm(-2). The inactivation of spores was investigated either in suspension or after attachment to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) surfaces. Incubation of spores suspended in Millipore water with 4 mM FLASH-01a for 10 seconds and irradiation with blue light for 10 seconds caused a biologically relevant decrease of spore survival of 3.5 log10 orders. Using FLASH-07a under the same conditions we achieved a decrease of 4.4 log10 orders. Immobilized spores on PET surfaces were efficiently killed with 7.0 log10 orders using 8 mM FLASH-07a. The total treatment time (incubation + irradiation) was as short as 20 seconds. The results of this study show evidence that endospores can be fastly and effectively inactivated with new generations of flavin photosensitizers that may be useful for industrial or medical applications in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Eichner
- Department of Dermatology, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Aeran H, Sharma S, Kumar V, Gupta N. Use of Clinical UV Chamber to Disinfect Dental Impressions: A Comparative Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:ZC67-70. [PMID: 26436051 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/14025.6353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental impressions are potential source of infection in a prosthodontic practice. Risk of transmission of infection through saliva, blood etc is considered as hazard for both dentist as well as dental auxiliary staff. A number of methods are currently employed for disinfecting the impressions which are technique sensitive and time consuming. This study focuses on disinfecting impression using dental UV chamber which is commonly employed for storing sterilized instruments. AIM The aim of this invitro study was to evaluate the use of clinical UV chamber to disinfect various impression materials at different time intervals and its comparison with 2% glutaraldehyde using standard immersion technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total sample size of 180 specimens was taken from three different impression materials. The impressions were made from 30 dentulous subjects. A total of ten impressions were made for each impression material i.e. alginate, addition silicone and polyether impression material. Six punch samples were taken from each impression. Out of 6 punch sample, one was kept as control, second was disinfected by immersing in freshly prepared 2% glutaraldehyde solution for 10 minutes and remaining four were exposed to UV rays for 3 minutes, 6 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes using dental UV chamber. Amount of disinfection achieved was evaluated by counting the colonies over the culture plates with the help of digital colony. RESULTS The results showed that the mean CFUs for alginate were found to be i.e. 11797.40 ± 5989.73 (mean ± SD). The mean CFUs for addition silicone impression material was found 7095.40 with a standard deviation of 4268.83 and the mean CFUs for polyether impression material was found to be 2168.92 ± 1676 (mean ± SD). CONCLUSION For alginate and addition silicone impression material, disinfection was achieved on exposure to UV rays for a period of 10 minutes. However, for polyether impression material 3 minutes of exposure to UV rays was sufficient to cause complete disinfection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Aeran
- Director Principal, Professor & Head, Department of Prosthodontics, Seema Dental College & Hospital , Rishikesh, India
| | - Sakshi Sharma
- PG Final Year Student, Department of Prosthodontics, Seema Dental College & Hospital , Rishikesh, India
| | - Varun Kumar
- Reader, Department of Prosthodontics, Seema Dental College & Hospital , Rishikesh, India
| | - Neelu Gupta
- Assistant Professor, Department of General Pathology & Microbiology, Seema Dental College & Hospital , Rishikesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lin A, Merkley ED, Clowers BH, Hutchison JR, Kreuzer HW. Effects of bacterial inactivation methods on downstream proteomic analysis. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 112:3-10. [PMID: 25620019 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inactivation of pathogenic microbial samples is often necessary for the protection of researchers and to comply with local and federal regulations. By its nature, biological inactivation causes changes to microbial samples, potentially affecting observed experimental results. While inactivation-induced damage to materials such as DNA has been evaluated, the effect of various inactivation strategies on proteomic data, to our knowledge, has not been discussed. To this end, we inactivated samples of Yersinia pestis and Escherichia coli by autoclave, ethanol, or irradiation treatment to determine how inactivation changes liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry data quality as well as apparent protein content of cells. Proteomic datasets obtained from aliquots of samples inactivated by different methods were highly similar, with Pearson correlation coefficients ranging from 0.822 to 0.985 and 0.816 to 0.985 for E. coli and Y. pestis, respectively, suggesting that inactivation had only slight impacts on the set of proteins identified. In addition, spectral quality metrics such as distributions of various database search algorithm scores remained constant across inactivation methods, indicating that inactivation does not appreciably degrade spectral quality. Though overall changes resulting from inactivation were small, there were detectable trends. For example, one-sided Fischer exact tests determined that periplasmic proteins decrease in observed abundance after sample inactivation by autoclaving (α=1.71×10(-2) for E. coli, α=4.97×10(-4) for Y. pestis) and irradiation (α=9.43×10(-7) for E. coli, α=1.21×10(-5) for Y. pestis) when compared to controls that were not inactivated. Based on our data, if sample inactivation is necessary, we recommend inactivation with ethanol treatment with secondary preference given to irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andy Lin
- Signatures Sciences & Technology Division, National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Eric D Merkley
- Signatures Sciences & Technology Division, National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Brian H Clowers
- Signatures Sciences & Technology Division, National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States; Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Janine R Hutchison
- Signatures Sciences & Technology Division, National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Helen W Kreuzer
- Signatures Sciences & Technology Division, National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Affiliation(s)
- George P Tegos
- Center for Molecular Discovery; University of New Mexico; Albuquerque, NM USA; Department of Pathology; University of New Mexico; Albuquerque, NM USA; Wellman Center for Photomedicine; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, MA USA; Department of Dermatology; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA
| |
Collapse
|