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Liu H, Shi J, Liu F, Zhang L. Integrating network pharmacology and experimental verification to reveal the anti-inflammatory ingredients and molecular mechanism of pycnogenol. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1408304. [PMID: 38989153 PMCID: PMC11233470 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1408304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pycnogenol (PYC), a standardized extract from French maritime pine, has traditionally been used to treat inflammation. However, its primary active components and their mechanisms of action have not yet been determined. Methods: This study employed UPLC-MS/MS (Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) and network pharmacology to identify the potential active components of PYC and elucidate their anti-inflammatory mechanisms by cell experiments. Results: 768 PYC compounds were identified and 19 anti-inflammatory compounds were screened with 85 target proteins directly involved in the inflammation. PPI (protein-protein interaction) analysis identified IL6, TNF, MMP9, IL1B, AKT1, IFNG, CXCL8, NFKB1, CCL2, IL10, and PTGS2 as core targets. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment analysis suggested that the compound in PYC might exert anti-inflammatory effects through the IL17 and TNF signal pathways. Cell experiments determined that PYC treatment can reduce the expression of IL6 and IL1β to relieve inflammation in LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-induced BV2 cells. Conclusion: PYC could affect inflammation via multi-components, -targets, and -mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Litao Zhang
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
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Passos JGR, Gomes JAS, Xavier-Santos JB, Yamashita FO, Cavalcanti-Cruz JV, Siqueira EMS, Garcia VB, Zucolotto SM, de Araujo-Junior RF, Ferreira LS, Silva-Junior AA, Félix-Silva J, Fernandes-Pedrosa MF. Anti-inflammatory, healing and antiophidic potential of Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill. (Euphorbiaceae): From popular use to pharmaceutical formulation in gel. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116290. [PMID: 38458010 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill. (Euphorbiaceae) is widely used in traditional medicine to treat inflammatory disorders. So, a topical gel containing the hydroethanolic extract of its leaves was developed and evaluated for its anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and antiophidic properties in mice. First, the chemical profile of different parts of the plant was characterized by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) using molecular networking. In the leaf extract, 11 compounds were characterized, with a particular emphasis on the identification of flavonoids. The gel efficiently inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema, as well as acute and chronic croton oil-induced ear edema models, thereby reducing inflammatory and oxidative parameters in inflamed tissues. Besides anti-inflammatory activity, the herbal gel showed significant wound healing activity. The edematogenic, hemorrhagic and dermonecrotic activities induced by Bothrops jararaca snake venom were effectively inhibited by the treatment with J. mollissima gel. The association with the herbal gel improved in up to 90% the efficacy of commercial snake antivenom in reduce venom-induced edema. Additionally, while antivenom was not able to inhibit venom-induced dermonecrosis, treatment with herbal gel reduced in 55% the dermonocrotic halo produced. These results demonstrate the pharmacological potential of the herbal gel containing J. mollissima extract, which could be a strong candidate for the development of herbal products that can be used to complement the current antivenom therapy against snake venom local toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia G R Passos
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Jacyra A S Gomes
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Jacinthia B Xavier-Santos
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana O Yamashita
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Joelly V Cavalcanti-Cruz
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Emerson M S Siqueira
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy (PNBio), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Vinícius Barreto Garcia
- Cancer and Inflammatory Research Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Silvana M Zucolotto
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy (PNBio), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Raimundo Fernandes de Araujo-Junior
- Cancer and Inflammatory Research Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Leandro S Ferreira
- Laboratory of Quality Control, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Arnóbio A Silva-Junior
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Félix-Silva
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; Laboratory of Clinical Haematology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Matheus F Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Laboratory of Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Tecbiofar), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, S/N, Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, Brazil.
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Ibrahim WW, Sayed RH, Abdelhameed MF, Omara EA, Nassar MI, Abdelkader NF, Farag MA, Elshamy AI, Afifi SM. Neuroprotective potential of Erigeron bonariensis ethanolic extract against ovariectomized/D-galactose-induced memory impairments in female rats in relation to its metabolite fingerprint as revealed using UPLC/MS. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1091-1112. [PMID: 38294617 PMCID: PMC11006746 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Erigeron bonariensis is widely distributed throughout the world's tropics and subtropics. In folk medicine, E. bonariensis has historically been used to treat head and brain diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most widespread form of dementia initiated via disturbances in brain function. Herein, the neuroprotective effect of the chemically characterized E. bonariensis ethanolic extract is reported for the first time in an AD animal model. Chemical profiling was conducted using UPLC-ESI-MS analysis. Female rats underwent ovariectomy (OVX) followed by 42 days of D-galactose (D-Gal) administration (150 mg/kg/day, i.p) to induce AD. The OVX/D-Gal-subjected rats received either donepezil (5 mg/kg/day) or E. bonariensis at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day, given 1 h prior to D-Gal. UPLC-ESI-MS analysis identified 42 chemicals, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenes, and nitrogenous constituents. Several metabolites, such as isoschaftoside, casticin, velutin, pantothenic acid, xanthurenic acid, C18-sphingosine, linoleamide, and erucamide, were reported herein for the first time in Erigeron genus. Treatment with E. bonariensis extract mitigated the cognitive decline in the Morris Water Maze test and the histopathological alterations in cortical and hippocampal tissues of OVX/D-Gal-subjected rats. Moreover, E. bonariensis extract mitigated OVX/D-Gal-induced Aβ aggregation, Tau hyperphosphorylation, AChE activity, neuroinflammation (NF-κBp65, TNF-α, IL-1β), and apoptosis (Cytc, BAX). Additionally, E. bonariensis extract ameliorated AD by increasing α7-nAChRs expression, down-regulating GSK-3β and FOXO3a expression, and modulating Jak2/STAT3/NF-ĸB p65 and PI3K/AKT signaling cascades. These findings demonstrate the neuroprotective and memory-enhancing effects of E. bonariensis extract in the OVX/D-Gal rat model, highlighting its potential as a promising candidate for AD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weam W Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Rabab H Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | | | - Enayat A Omara
- Pathology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud I Nassar
- Natural Compounds Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Noha F Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Abdelsamed I Elshamy
- Natural Compounds Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Sherif M Afifi
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
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Xue Y, Cai X, Wang Y, Ban L, Mei M, Chen S, Xu Q, Chen B, Liang S, Wang X. Utilizing network pharmacology and experimental validation to investigate the underlying mechanism of Denglao Qingguan decoction against HCoV-229E. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27829. [PMID: 38533054 PMCID: PMC10963236 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Denglao Qingguan decoction (DLQGD) has been extensively utilized for the treatment of colds, demonstrating significant therapeutic efficacy. Human Coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) is considered a crucial etiological agent of influenza. However, the specific impact and underlying mechanisms of DLQGD on HCoV-229E remain poorly understood. Methods Active ingredients and targets information of DLQGD were collected from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), literature search, and Swiss ADEM database. The Genecard database was used to collect HCoV-229E related targets. We built an "ingredient-target network" through Cytoscape. Protein - Protein interaction (PPI) networks were mapped using the String database. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) were enriched using the DAVID database. Then, we used molecular docking techniques to verify the binding activity between the core compounds and the core gene targets. Finally, in vitro experiments were conducted to validate DLQGD's antiviral activity against HCoV-229E and assess its anti-inflammatory effects. Results In total, we identified 227 active components in DLQGD. 18 key targets involved in its activity against HCoV-229E. Notably, the core active ingredients including quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, β-sitosterol, and apigenin, and the core therapeutic targets were CXCL8, RELA, MAPK14, NFKB1, and CXCL10, all associated with HCoV-229E. KEGG enrichment results included IL-17 signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway and so on. The core active ingredients and the core therapeutic targets and Human Aminopeptidase N (ANPEP) all showed good binding activity by molecular docking verification. In vitro, DLQGD exhibited anti-HCoV-229E activity and anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusion Our study suggests that DLQGD has both effects of anti-HCoV-229E and anti-inflammatory. The core active ingredients (quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, β-sitosterol, apigenin) and the core therapeutic targets (CXCL8, RELA, MAPK14, NFKB1, CXCL10) may play key roles in the pharmacological action of DLQGD against HCoV-229E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Xue
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yutao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Ban
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manxue Mei
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuqi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihua Xu
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boqian Chen
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuhua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Rullah K, Shamsudin NF, Koeberle A, Tham CL, Fasihi Mohd Aluwi MF, Leong SW, Jantan I, Lam KW. Flavonoid diversity and roles in the lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammatory response of monocytes and macrophages. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:75-99. [PMID: 38205612 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/toll-like receptor 4 signaling in mononuclear phagocytes has been explored for the treatment of inflammation and inflammation-related disorders. However, only a few key targets have been translated into clinical applications. Flavonoids, a class of ubiquitous plant secondary metabolites, possess a privileged scaffold which serves as a valuable template for designing pharmacologically active compounds directed against diseases with inflammatory components. This perspective provides a general overview of the diversity of flavonoids and their multifaceted mechanisms that interfere with LPS-induced signaling in monocytes and macrophages. Focus is placed on flavonoids targeting MD-2, IκB kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt or modulating LPS-related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Rullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Farisya Shamsudin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Chau Ling Tham
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fadhlizil Fasihi Mohd Aluwi
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Wei Leong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Kok Wai Lam
- Centre for Drug & Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Martins-Gomes C, Nunes FM, Silva AM. Natural Products as Dietary Agents for the Prevention and Mitigation of Oxidative Damage and Inflammation in the Intestinal Barrier. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:65. [PMID: 38247489 PMCID: PMC10812469 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Food intake is a basic need to sustain life, but foodborne pathogens and food-related xenobiotics are also the main health concerns regarding intestinal barrier homeostasis. With a predominant role in the well-being of the entire human body, intestinal barrier homeostasis is strictly regulated by epithelial and immune cells. These cells are also the main intervenients in oxidative stress and inflammation-related diseases in the intestinal tract, triggered, for example, by genetic/epigenetic factors, food additives, pesticides, drugs, pathogens, and their metabolites. Nevertheless, the human diet can also be seen as a solution for the problem, mainly via the inclusion of functional foods or nutraceuticals that may act as antioxidant/anti-inflammatory agents to prevent and mitigate acute and chronic oxidative damage and inflammation. A literature analysis of recent advances in this topic highlights the significant role of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) and NF-kB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) pathways in these biological processes, with many natural products and phytochemicals targeting endogenous antioxidant systems and cytokine production and balance. In this review, we summarized and discussed studies using in vitro and in vivo models of the intestinal tract used to reproduce oxidative damage and inflammatory events, as well as the role of natural products as modulators of Nrf2 and NK-kB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Cell Biology and Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Fernando M. Nunes
- Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Cell Biology and Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4gro), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Waly DA, Zeid AHA, Attia HN, Ahmed KA, El-Kashoury ESA, El Halawany AM, Mohammed RS. Comprehensive phytochemical characterization of Persea americana Mill. fruit via UPLC/HR-ESI-MS/MS and anti-arthritic evaluation using adjuvant-induced arthritis model. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:3243-3262. [PMID: 37936023 PMCID: PMC10692038 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Persea americana Mill. (avocado fruit) has many health benefits when added to our diet due to various pharmacological activities, such as preventing bone loss and inflammation, modulating immune response and acting as an antioxidant. In the current study, the total ethanol extract (TEE) of the fruit was investigated for in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity via DPPH and cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibition. Biological evaluation of the antiarthritic effect of the fruit extract was further investigated in vivo using Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) arthritis model, where the average percentages of body weight change, inhibition of paw edema, basal paw diameter/weight and spleen index were estimated for all animal groups. Inflammatory mediators such as serum IL-6 and TNF-α were also determined, in addition to histopathological examination of the dissected limbs isolated from all experimental animals. Eighty-one metabolites belonging to different chemical classes were detected in the TEE of P. americana fruit via UPLC/HR-ESI-MS/MS. Two classes of lyso-glycerophospholipids; lyso-glycerophosphoethanolamines and lysoglycerophosphocholines were detected for the first time in avocado fruit in the positive mode. The TEE of fruit exhibited significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. In vivo anti-arthritic activity of the fruit TEE improved paw parameters, inflammatory mediators and spleen index. Histopathological findings showed marked improvements in the arthritic condition of the excised limbs. Therefore, avocado fruit could be proposed to be a powerful antioxidant and antiarthritic natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Atef Waly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), 33-Elbohouth St (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Aisha Hussein Abou Zeid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), 33-Elbohouth St (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan Naeim Attia
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department (Pharmacology Group), National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), 33-Elbohouth St (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Ali Mahmoud El Halawany
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El Ainy Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Reda Sayed Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), 33-Elbohouth St (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt.
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8
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Laggoune S, Kabouche A, Kabouche Z, Lakhal H. Biological activities and polyphenolic profile of Stachys arvensis (L.) L. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-6. [PMID: 37812179 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2265534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The n-butanol extract of Stachys arvensis (L.) L. aerial parts (BESA) was analysed by LC-HRMS/MS. 43 Polyphenols, including flavonoids, cinnamic acid derivatives, phenylethaoids, chromones, gallotannins, coumarins and chalcones with hyperoside (13.85%), panasenoside (10.31%), myricitrin (7.89%) and sayaendoside (7.16%), as the major compounds, were identified. High total phenolics (470.21 ± 1.22 mg GAE/g extract) and total flavonoids (189.05 ± 0.72 mg QE/g extract) contents were measured. In addition, the BESA exhibited a higher antioxidant effect in CUPRAC (A0.5:0.45 ± 0.03 μg/mL), DPPH (IC50:4.51 ± 0.16 μg/mL) and ABTS (IC50:7.10 ± 0.18 μg/mL) assays than the standards BHA and α-Tocopherol. Moreover the extract showed a good inhibitory effect against BChE (IC50: 145.02 ± 0.03 μg/mL) and α-amylase (IC50:2.66 ± 0.0024 mg/mL). The BESA exhibited an excellent anti-inflammatory activity (IC50:416 ± 0,056 μg/mL) which was close to that of acetylsalicylic acid, used as a control. The BESA was toxic towards T. molitor larvae and it possessed a good antibacterial activity against gram (+) and gram (-) tested strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souheila Laggoune
- Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST), Université frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology. Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Jijel, Jijel, Algeria
| | - Ahmed Kabouche
- Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST), Université frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Université frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, INATAA, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Zahia Kabouche
- Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST), Université frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Hichem Lakhal
- Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST), Université frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Faculté de Technologie, Université Mohamed Boudiaf, M'sila, Algeria
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Lavari N, Ostadrahimi N, Rahimi R, Raei M, Abbassian A. The effect of a topical formulation from Lawsonia inermis L. (henna) on pain intensity in patients with chronic sciatica: A randomized double-blind clinical trial. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 313:116519. [PMID: 37105368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chronic sciatica (CS) is a common condition of disability and pain. Lawsonia inermis L. (henna) is a medicinal plant that is commonly recommended in traditional Persian medicine textbooks for pain relief in patients with sciatica, particularly in the form of oil. AIM OF THE STUDY This research was designed to investigate the efficacy of a topical formulation from henna on pain intensity in patients with CS. METHODS AND MATERIALS In a randomized, double-blind clinical study, 81 patients were randomly allocated to three groups to receive the topical henna formulation (aqueous extract of henna in sesame oil), sesame oil, or placebo, three times daily, for four weeks. The patients were assessed by visual analog scale (VAS), 36-item short form health survey (SF-36), and Oswestry disability index (ODI). RESULTS There was a significant decrease in mean VAS in henna oil compared to sesame oil (p = 0.004) and placebo (p = 0.004). Significant improvements in total SF-36 scores were observed in henna oil and sesame oil compared to placebo (p = 0.011 and p = 0.025, respectively). Furthermore, ODI significantly decreased in henna oil compared to sesame oil (p < 0.001) and placebo (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION Henna oil seems to be an effective treatment to reduce pain intensity in patients with CS. Moreover, it improves quality of life and functional ability. Further randomized controlled trials with longer intervention periods are recommended to confirm this efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Lavari
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Traditional Persian Medicine and Complementary Medicine (PerCoMed) Student Association, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nima Ostadrahimi
- Neurosurgery Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Raei
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Abbassian
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Zhao Z, Sun M, Cui X, Chen J, Liu C, Zhang X. Bacillus coagulans MZY531 alleviates intestinal mucosal injury in immunosuppressive mice via modulating intestinal barrier, inflammatory response, and gut microbiota. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11181. [PMID: 37429891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus coagulans has a potential role in improving intestinal injury. However, the specific mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the protective effect of B. coagulans MZY531 on intestinal mucosa injury in cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced immunosuppressed mice were investigated. The results indicated that the immune organ (thymus and spleen) indices of B. coagulans MZY531 treatment groups were significantly increased compared to the CYP group. B. coagulans MZY531 administration promotes the expression of immune proteins (IgA, IgE, IgG, and IgM). B. coagulans MZY531 could upregulate the ileum levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 in immunosuppressed mice. Moreover, B. coagulans MZY531 restores the villus height and crypt depth of the jejunum and alleviates injury of intestinal endothelial cells caused by CYP. Furthermore, the western blotting results showed that B. coagulans MZY531 ameliorated CYP-induced intestinal mucosal injury and inflammatory via up-regulates the ZO-1 pathway and down-regulates the expression of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. After treatment with B. coagulans MZY531, the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum was dramatically increased, as well as the genera of Prevotella and Bifidobacterium, and reducing harmful bacteria. These findings suggested that B. coagulans MZY531 has a potential immunomodulatory activity on chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Zhao
- Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, People's Republic of China
- College of Special Education, Changchun University, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Manqing Sun
- Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmu Cui
- Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- College of Special Education, Changchun University, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewu Zhang
- Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Ali SM, Nabi F, Furkan M, Hisamuddin M, Malik S, Zakariya SM, Rizvi I, Uversky VN, Khan RH. Tuning the aggregation behavior of human insulin in the presence of luteolin: An in vitro and in silico approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:124219. [PMID: 36990415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Protein misfolding and related formation of amyloid fibrils are associated with several conformational diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), prion diseases, and Diabetes mellitus, Type 2 (DM-II). Several molecules including antibiotics, polyphenols, flavonoids, anthraquinones, and other small molecules are implicated to modulate amyloid assembly. The stabilization of the native forms of the polypeptides and prevention of their misfolding and aggregation are of clinical and biotechnological importance. Among the natural flavonoids, luteolin is of great importance because of its therapeutic role against neuroinflammation. Herein, we have explored the inhibitory effect of luteolin (LUT) on aggregation of a model protein, human insulin (HI). To understand the molecular mechanism of the inhibition of aggregation of HI by LUT, we employed molecular simulation, UV-Vis, fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies along with the dynamic light scattering (DLS). The analysis of the tuning of the HI aggregation process by luteolin revealed that interaction of HI with LUT resulted in the decrease in binding of the various fluorescent dyes, such as thioflavin T (ThT) and 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (ANS) to this protein. Retention of the native-like CD spectra and resistance to the aggregation in the presence of LUT has confirmed the aggregation inhibitory potential of LUT. The maximum inhibitory effect was found at the protein-to-drug ratio of 1:12, and no significant change was observed beyond this concentration.
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12
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Therapeutic Potential of Luteolin on Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030554. [PMID: 36992138 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a global concern, as the rate of incidence is increasing each year. The challenges related to the current chemotherapy drugs, such as the concerns related to toxicity, turn to cancer therapeutic research to discover alternative therapy strategies that are less toxic to normal cells. Among those studies, the use of flavonoids—natural compounds produced by plants as secondary metabolites for cancer therapy—has been a hot topic in cancer treatment. Luteolin, a flavonoid that has been present in many fruits, vegetables, and herbs, has been identified to exhibit numerous biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties. The anticancer property of Luteolin has been extensively researched in many cancer types and has been related to its ability to inhibit tumor growth by targeting cellular processes such as apoptosis, angiogenesis, migration, and cell cycle progression. It achieves this by interacting with various signaling pathways and proteins. In the current review, the molecular targets of Luteolin as it exerts its anticancer properties, the combination therapy that includes Luteolin with other flavonoids or chemotherapeutic drugs, and the nanodelivery strategies for Luteolin are described for several cancer types.
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13
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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Compounds Derived from Vitex rotundifolia. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020249. [PMID: 36837867 PMCID: PMC9962727 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to describe the separation and identification of one new phenolic and 19 known compounds from Vitex rotundifolia. Their structures were determined based on spectroscopic (NMR, CD, and MS) data analysis or Mosher's method, and were compared with those reported in the literature. These isolates were then evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities based on the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin (IL)-8 production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells (RAW264.7 and HT-29) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging abilities, respectively. In the NO assay, compounds 12-14 showed strong inhibition with compounds 10 and 15 displaying significant inhibition. In the IL-8 assay, compounds 8, 9, 13, 14, 19, and 20 exhibited potential to inhibit IL-8 production and other compounds displayed moderate inhibition. An in silico docking approach also revealed strong binding affinities for protein-ligand complexes of these active compounds against IL-8 production. The docking results were correlated with the experimental data of the IL-8 assay. Thus, these active compounds should be considered as candidates for further in vivo studies. This study implies the potential of new and active chemicals isolated from V. rotundifolia and provides evidence to support the development of active fractions and constituents into functional products targeting inflammatory diseases the future.
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Wang R, Li W, Fang C, Zheng X, Liu C, Huang Q. Extraction and identification of new flavonoid compounds in dandelion Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. with evaluation of antioxidant activities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2166. [PMID: 36750602 PMCID: PMC9905065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28775-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the interest in the potential pharmacological application of dandelion, the chemical constituents and activities of Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz were studied. Box-Behnken response surface methodology was employed to optimize the protocol for extraction of flavonoid from dandelion. The molecular structures of different flavonoid compounds were acquired and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Several major flavonoid compounds were isolated and purified, namely, hesperetin-5'-O-β-rhamnoglucoside, hesperetin-7-glucuronide, kaempferol-3-glucoside, baicalein, hyperseroside, which were extracted for the first time from dandelion. Hesperetin-5'-O-β-rhamnoglucoside was identified as a new type of flavonoid that had never reported in the literature. This new flavonoid has outstanding antioxidant activity, as shown by its IC50 value (8.72 mg/L) for scavenging DPPH free radicals. The determination of the structure-related antioxidant activities could be interpreted based on DFT calculations. As such, we have not only illustrated the rich flavonoid contents in Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz, but also revealed new types of flavonoid compounds in dandelion in terms of structure and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Heifei, 230601, China
| | - Weihua Li
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Heifei, 230601, China
| | - Cao Fang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xinxin Zheng
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institute of Intelligent Agriculture, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China. .,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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15
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Gao Y, Zhu J, Sun M, Wang S, Liu H. Metabolomics study based on GC-MS reveals a protective function of luteolin against glutamate-induced PC12 cell injury. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5537. [PMID: 36287211 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress response is closely related to neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to investigate the cytoprotective effects of luteolin on glutamate-induced oxidative stress injury in PC12 cells. GC-MS combined with multivariate statistical approaches was used to perform metabolomics studies to assess the possible mechanisms. Our results identified 23 metabolites as differential expressed metabolites in the glutamate group, including cysteine content in cells that decreased drastically. This suggests that glutathione synthesis, which balances the redox state of cells, was affected. Luteolin inhibits the reduction in viability in glutamate-induced PC12 cells and regulates 13 differential expressed metabolites in glutamate-induced cell damage. These metabolites associated with luteolin included glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; cysteine and methionine metabolism; inositol phosphate metabolism; and starch and sucrose metabolism. In summary, the systemic antioxidant capacity of luteolin in PC12 cells is related to its regulation of amino acid, glucose, and nucleotide metabolism pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Institute of Molecular Selective Control Construction and Application, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Selective Control Construction and Application, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Mengyao Sun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Shaomin Wang
- Institute of Molecular Selective Control Construction and Application, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Hongmin Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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16
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Zhang Z, Wang J, Lin Y, Chen J, Liu J, Zhang X. Nutritional activities of luteolin in obesity and associated metabolic diseases: an eye on adipose tissues. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4016-4030. [PMID: 36300856 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2138257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by excessive body fat accumulation and is a high-risk factor for metabolic comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. In lean individuals, adipose tissue (AT) is not only an important regulatory organ for energy storage and metabolism, but also an indispensable immune and endocrine organ. The sustained energy imbalance induces adipocyte hypotrophy and hyperplasia as well as AT remodeling, accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation and adipocytes dysfunction in AT, ultimately leading to systemic insulin resistance and ectopic lipid deposition. Luteolin is a natural flavonoid widely distributed in fruits and vegetables and possesses multifold biological activities, such as antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. Diet supplementation of this flavonoid has been reported to inhibit AT lipogenesis and inflammation as well as the ectopic lipid deposition, increase AT thermogenesis and systemic energy expenditure, and finally improve obesity and associated metabolic diseases. The purpose of this review is to reveal the nutritional activities of luteolin in obesity and its complications with emphasis on its action on AT energy metabolism, immunoregulation, and endocrine intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Lin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioprocess, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
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17
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Effect of Taraxaci Herba on Bone Loss in an OVX-Induced Model through the Regulation of Osteoclast Differentiation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204354. [PMID: 36297038 PMCID: PMC9609713 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue that maintains homeostasis with a balance of osteoclasts for bone resorption and osteoblasts for bone formation. Women are deficient in estrogen after menopause, which promotes bone resorption due to excessive activity of osteoclasts, leading to osteoporosis. TH (also known as dandelion) is native to warm regions and has traditionally been used to treat gynecological diseases and inflammation. Menopause is a major cause of osteoporosis as it causes abnormal activity of osteoclasts, and various studies have shown that anti-inflammatory drugs have the potential to treat osteoporosis. We analyzed the effect of TH on osteoclast differentiation and the relevant mechanisms using RANKL. After administration of TH in a menopause-like rat model in which ovariectomy of the was rats carried out, changes in bone microstructure were analyzed via micro-CT, and the antiosteoporosis effect of TH was verified by a histological analysis. In addition, the pharmacological effects of TH in an animal model of osteoporosis were compared and analyzed with osteoporosis medications (17β-estradiol (E2) and alendronate (ALN)). TH significantly inhibited the initial osteoclast differentiation via the NFATc1/c-Fos mechanism. In addition, bone density in the femur of osteoporotic rats was increased, and the expression of osteoclast-related factors in the serum and tissues was controlled. The results of this study provide objective evidence of the inhibitory effect of TH on osteoclastogenesis and OVX-induced bone loss.
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Wang L, Hu L, Peng Z, Cao H, Cao D, Long Y, Zou Z. Luteolin is an Effective Component of Platycodon grandiflorus in Promoting Wound Healing in Rats with Cutaneous Scald Injury. CLINICAL, COSMETIC AND INVESTIGATIONAL DERMATOLOGY 2022; 15:1715-1727. [PMID: 36032411 PMCID: PMC9400681 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s372229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Platycodon grandiflorus could significantly improve the pathological results of cutaneous scald injury, reduce the release of inflammatory factors and promote angiogenesis. This study investigated the wound healing effect of luteolin, an active component of P. grandiflorus, on induced cutaneous scald injury in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods The protein expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were detected by ELISA. QRT-PCR was adopted to detect the expression of TGF-β1 and VEGF. Histopathological changes of scald wounds were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Cell viability and migration ability were detected by CCK-8 assay and scratch assay. Results Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that luteolin promoted wound healing of cutaneous scald injury. Gene Oncology (GO) functional analysis and rescue experiments showed that endothelial nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) was the critical target of luteolin in treating cutaneous scald. Conclusion This study demonstrated that luteolin is an effective component of P. grandiflorus and is effective in the treatment of cutaneous scald injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Pharmacy Department, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jiulongpo Distriction Chongqing, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Longjiao Hu
- Pharmacy Department, Chongqing Jiulongpo People's Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilian Peng
- Administrative Department, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jiulongpo Distriction Chongqing, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghong Cao
- Pharmacy Department, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jiulongpo Distriction Chongqing, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Danfeng Cao
- Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Jiulongpo People's Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqin Long
- Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Jiulongpo People's Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Zou
- Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Jiulongpo People's Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Kim TY, Park NJ, Jo BG, Paik JH, Choi S, Kim SN, Yang MH. 7-O-Methylluteolin Suppresses the 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway and Atopic Dermatitis-like Lesions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071344. [PMID: 35883835 PMCID: PMC9311504 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
7-O-methylluteolin (7-ML) is a flavonoid isolated from the aerial parts of Wikstroemia ganpi (W. ganpi). We describe the anti–atopic dermatitis (AD) effects of 7-ML in tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-induced HepG2 cells and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced SKH-1 hairless mice. Results demonstrated that 7-ML dose-dependently inhibited the activation of Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2) in tBHP-induced HepG2 cells. 7-ML applied topically to our DNCB-induced mouse model upregulated the antioxidant protein expression (phosphorylated Nrf2 (pNrf2), Nrf2, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)) in skin tissues, improved epidermal thickness, and reduced mast cell infiltration into the skin. In addition, 7-ML reduced the serum levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) and improved skin barrier functions. These results suggest that 7-ML should be considered a novel antioxidant and anti-AD agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (T.-Y.K.); (B.-G.J.)
| | - No-June Park
- Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Korea;
| | - Beom-Geun Jo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (T.-Y.K.); (B.-G.J.)
| | - Jin-Hyub Paik
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-H.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Sangho Choi
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (J.-H.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Su-Nam Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.-N.K.); (M.H.Y.); Tel.: +82-33-650-3503 (S.-N.K.); +82-51-510-2811 (M.H.Y.); Fax: +82-33-650-3419 (S.-N.K.); +82-51-513-6754 (M.H.Y.)
| | - Min Hye Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (T.-Y.K.); (B.-G.J.)
- Correspondence: (S.-N.K.); (M.H.Y.); Tel.: +82-33-650-3503 (S.-N.K.); +82-51-510-2811 (M.H.Y.); Fax: +82-33-650-3419 (S.-N.K.); +82-51-513-6754 (M.H.Y.)
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Antioxidant Activity and Inhibitory Effects of Black Rice Leaf on the Proliferation of Human Carcinoma Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7270782. [PMID: 35726317 PMCID: PMC9206558 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7270782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The leaves of black rice, well-known as postharvest agricultural waste, contain a rich source of antioxidants with multiple benefits for human health. In the present study, the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from black rice leaf was separated into five subfractions using Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and their antioxidant and anticancer activities were investigated. The results revealed that among all the subfractions, subfraction 5 (Sub5) showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid values. The antioxidant activity was also superior in Sub5 (the IC50 values are 3.23, 31.95, and 72.74 μg/mL, in the DPPH, ABTS, and reducing power assays, respectively) compared to the other subfractions. All subfractions, in a time-dependent manner, inhibited the proliferation of hepatoma (HepG2), breast (MCF-7), and colorectal (Caco-2) cancer cells, especially the Sub5. Thus, Sub5 was employed to conduct the cell cycle and cell apoptosis by flow cytometry. Sub5 significantly increased the accumulation of cells at the Sub-G1 phase in HepG2 cells (44.5%, at 48 h). Furthermore, it could trigger annexin V-detected apoptosis through mitochondrial and death receptor pathways accompanied by the suppression of PI3K/Akt and Erk signaling pathways. In addition, HPLC-DAD-MS/MS was conducted to characterize the bioactive constituents in the most potent antioxidant, cytotoxic, and apoptosis-inducing subfraction. Conclusively, Sub5 may have high potential as functional dietary supplements to inhibit the development of HepG2 liver cancer.
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Altay A, Yeniçeri EKK, Taslimi P, Taskin‐Tok T, Yılmaz MA, Köksal E. Phytochemical Analysis and Biological Evaluation of
Hypericum linarioides
Bosse: in Vitro and in Silico Studies. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Altay
- Chemistry Faculty of Arts and Sciences Erzincan Binali Yildirim University 24100 Erzincan Turkey
| | | | - Parham Taslimi
- Biotechnology Faculty of Science Bartin University 74100 Bartın Turkey
| | - Tugba Taskin‐Tok
- Chemistry Faculty of Arts and Sciences Gaziantep University, 27310 Gaziantep Turkey
| | | | - Ekrem Köksal
- Chemistry Faculty of Arts and Sciences Erzincan Binali Yildirim University Erzincan Turkey
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Park MY, Ha SE, Kim HH, Bhosale PB, Abusaliya A, Jeong SH, Park JS, Heo JD, Kim GS. Scutellarein Inhibits LPS-Induced Inflammation through NF-κB/MAPKs Signaling Pathway in RAW264.7 Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123782. [PMID: 35744907 PMCID: PMC9227861 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a severe topic in the immune system and play a role as pro-inflammatory mediators. In response to such inflammatory substances, immune cells release cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is known as an endotoxin in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and it catalyzes inflammation by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory-mediated cytokines such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by stimulated immune cells. Among the pathways involved in inflammation, nuclear factor kappa (NF-кB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are important. NF-kB is a diploid composed of p65 and IkBα and stimulates the pro- gene. MAPKs is a family consisting of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38, JNK and p38 play a role as proinflammatory mediators. Thus, we aim to determine the scutellarein (SCU) effect on LPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, since scutellarein has been shown to inhibit the SARS coronavirus helicase and has been used in Chinese medicine to treat inflammatory disorders like COVID-19, it would be required to examine scutellarein’s anti-inflammatory mechanism. We identified inflammation-inducing substances using western blot with RAW264.7 cells and SCU. And we discovered that was reduced by treatment with SCU in p-p65 and p-IκBα. Also, we found that p-JNK and p-ERK were also decreased but there was no effect in p-p38. In addition, we have confirmed that the iNOS was also decreased after treatment but there is no change in the expression of COX-2. Therefore, this study shows that SCU can be used as a compound to treat inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yeong Park
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (S.E.H.); (H.H.K.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Sang Eun Ha
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (S.E.H.); (H.H.K.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (S.H.J.)
- Biological Resources Research Group, Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology, Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Jinju 52834, Korea;
| | - Hun Hwan Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (S.E.H.); (H.H.K.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Pritam Bhagwan Bhosale
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (S.E.H.); (H.H.K.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Abuyaseer Abusaliya
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (S.E.H.); (H.H.K.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Se Hyo Jeong
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (S.E.H.); (H.H.K.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (S.H.J.)
| | - Joon-Suk Park
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeonbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea;
| | - Jeong Doo Heo
- Biological Resources Research Group, Gyeongnam Department of Environment Toxicology, Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 17 Jegok-gil, Jinju 52834, Korea;
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.Y.P.); (S.E.H.); (H.H.K.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (S.H.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-2346
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Natural aldose reductase inhibitors for treatment and prevention of diabetic cataract: A review. HERBA POLONICA 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2022-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Introduction: Aldose reductase (AR) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of glucose to sorbitol responsible for the development of diabetic complications like cataracts. Medicinal plants contain several phytocompounds that can inhibit this enzyme.
Objective: The purpose of this review is to cite medicinal plants that have been tested for their ability to inhibit aldose reductase and consequently prevent cataracts and classify the major isolated compounds that have this activity.
Methods: We reviewed 154 articles published between 1954 and 2020 in English via three databases: ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and PubMed. We have classified the plants that showed a significant anti-cataract effect, in the form of a list including the scientific and family names of each plant. Also, we have cited the IC50 values and the active constituents of each plant that showed inhibitory activity towards AR.
Results: We have described 38 herbs belonging to 29 families. Besides, 47 isolated compounds obtained from the cited herbs have shown an AR inhibitory effect: luteolin, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, apigenin, 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl-epi-quinic acid, delphinidin 3-O-β-galactopyranoside-3’-O-β-glucopyranoside, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester, andrographolide, 1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 7-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3-methyl-8-β-O-D-glucoside-2H-chromen-2-one, E-4-(60-hydroxyhex-30-en-1-yl)phenyl propionate, delphinidin 3-O-β-galactopyranoside-3’,5’-di-O-β-glucopyranoside, 1,2,3-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethanol, (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methanol, trans-anethole, gallic acid 4-O-β-D-(6’-O-galloyl)-glucoside, β-glucogallin, puerariafuran, quercetin, gallic acid 4-O-β-D-glucoside, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone, protocatechuic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid and syringic acid.
Conclusion: natural therapy becomes an interesting alternative in the treatment and prevention of cataract by using medicinal plants rich in active compounds considered as AR inhibitors.
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Anti-Inflammatory and Active Biological Properties of the Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds Luteolin and Luteolin 7-Glucoside. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061155. [PMID: 35334812 PMCID: PMC8949538 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are interesting molecules synthetized by plants. They can be found abundantly in seeds and fruits, determining the color, flavor, and other organoleptic characteristics, as well as contributing to important nutritional aspects. Beyond these characteristics, due to their biochemical properties and characteristics, they can be considered bioactive compounds. Several interesting studies have demonstrated their biological activity in different cellular and physiological processes in high-order organisms including humans. The flavonoid molecular structure confers the capability of reacting with and neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS), behaving as scavengers in all processes generating this class of molecules, such as UV irradiation, a process widely present in plant physiology. Importantly, the recent scientific literature has demonstrated that flavonoids, in human physiology, are active compounds acting not only as scavengers but also with the important role of counteracting the inflammation process. Among the wide variety of flavonoid molecules, significant results have been shown by investigating the role of the flavones luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside (LUT-7G). For these compounds, experimental results demonstrated an interesting anti-inflammatory action, both in vitro and in vivo, in the interaction with JAK/STAT3, NF-κB, and other pathways described in this review. We also describe the effects in metabolic pathways connected with inflammation, such as cellular glycolysis, diabetes, lipid peroxidation, and effects in cancer cells. Moreover, the inhibition of inflammatory pathway in endothelial tissue, as well as the NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, demonstrates a key role in the progression of such phenomena. Since these micronutrient molecules can be obtained from food, their biochemical properties open new perspectives with respect to the long-term health status of healthy individuals, as well as their use as a coadjutant treatment in specific diseases.
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Ye L, Xin Y, Wu ZY, Sun HJ, Huang DJ, Sun ZQ. A Newly Synthesized Flavone from Luteolin Escapes from COMT-Catalyzed Methylation and Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in RAW264.7 Macrophages via JNK, p38 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:15-26. [PMID: 34099595 PMCID: PMC9628824 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2104.04027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin is a common dietary flavone possessing potent anti-inflammatory activities. However, when administrated in vivo, luteolin becomes methylated by catechol-O-methyltransferases (COMT) owing to the catechol ring in the chemical structure, which largely diminishes its anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, we made a modification on luteolin, named LUA, which was generated by the chemical reaction between luteolin and 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH). Without a catechol ring in the chemical structure, this new flavone could escape from the COMT-catalyzed methylation, thus affording the potential to exert its functions in the original form when administrated in the organism. Moreover, an LPS-stimulated RAW cell model was applied to detect the anti-inflammatory properties. LUA showed much more superior inhibitory effect on LPS-induced production of NO than diosmetin (a major methylated form of luteolin) and significantly suppressed upregulation of iNOS and COX-2 in macrophages. LUA treatment dramatically reduced LPS-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IFN-β. Furthermore, LUA significantly reduced the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 without affecting that of ERK. LUA also inhibited the activation of NF-κB through suppression of p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P.R. China,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Yang Xin
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Zhi-yuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Hai-jian Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - De-jian Huang
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-qin Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P.R. China,Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou 213000, P.R. China,Corresponding author Phone: +13861285688 E-mail:
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26
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Parvez MK, Al-Dosari MS, Ahmed S, Noman OM, Al-Rehaily AJ, Nur-e-Alam M. The anti-oxidative, anti-cell proliferative and anti-microbial efficacies of cold-adapted Crepis flexuosa: HPTLC and GC/MS analyses. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3062-3068. [PMID: 35531192 PMCID: PMC9073020 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Crepis constitutes cold-adapted plant spp., of these some are traditionally used in folk medicine against inflammation or fungal infections without scientific validations. Here, we report the biological activities of Crepis flexuosa total ethanol-extract (CF-EtOH) and its hexane (CF-Hex), ethyl acetate (CF-EtOA), butanol (CF-ButOH), and aqueous (CF-Aqua) fractions. Our in vitro DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging assays showed CF-EtOH, CF-ButOH and CF-Aqua with maximal, CF-EtOA with moderate, and CF-Hex with mild anti-oxidant activities. When tested on human cancer cell lines, high cytotoxicity was demonstrated by CF-EtOH (IC50: 42.45 μg/ml) and CF-Aqua (IC50: 46.37 μg/ml) on HepG2, followed by CF-Hex (IC50: 63.24 μg/ml) and CF-ButOH (IC50: 65.32 μg/ml) on MCF7 cells. The human primary cell line (HUVEC) had comparatively lower cytotoxicity for the tested samples. Moreover, when assessed for anti-microbial efficacy, CF-ButOH and CF-Aqua exhibited the strongest activity (MIC: 156.25 μg/ml) against S. aureus, E. faecalis and C. albicans. Further, while the developed RP-HPTLC identified the bioactive flavonoid luteolin-7-O-glucoside (17.58 mg/g), GS/MS analysis revealed sixteen compounds in C. flexuosa extract. In conclusion, we for the first time show the promising anti-oxidative, anti-cell proliferative and anti-microbial efficacies of C. flexuosa. This warrants further phytochemical and bio-efficacy studies towards isolations and identifications of active principles.
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Jasicka-Misiak I, Shanaida M, Hudz N, Wieczorek PP. Phytochemical and Pharmacological Evaluation of the Residue By-Product Developed from the Ocimum americanum ( Lamiaceae) Postdistillation Waste. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123063. [PMID: 34945615 PMCID: PMC8701984 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The yield of essential oils in plants is not high and postdistillation wastes rich in phenolic compounds could be used to enhance the profitability of essential oil-bearing plants. The aim of the study was to evaluate polyphenols in a dry extract obtained from the postdistillation waste of the American basil (Ocimum americanum L.) herb, and to conduct the screening of its pharmacological activities. Rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid and rutin were identified in the extract using high-performance thin-layer chromatography. The high-performance liquid chromatography analysis found the presence of a plethora of polyphenols in the extract. Rosmarinic acid, luteolin-7-O-glucoside and rutin were as the main compounds. The total phenolic content in the extract was 106.31 mg GAE/g and free radical scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl evaluated as IC50 was 0.298 mg/mL. The tested extract dose-dependently decreased the paw edema in rats, suggesting its potent anti-inflammatory property. The acute toxicity study indicates its safety. Thus, the O. americanum hydrodistilled residue by-product is the promising source of biologically active compounds with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Jasicka-Misiak
- Department of Pharmacy and Ecological Chemistry, University of Opole, 45-052 Opole, Poland; (I.J.-M.); (N.H.)
| | - Mariia Shanaida
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medical Botany, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46-001 Ternopil, Ukraine
- Correspondence:
| | - Nataliia Hudz
- Department of Pharmacy and Ecological Chemistry, University of Opole, 45-052 Opole, Poland; (I.J.-M.); (N.H.)
- Department of Drug Technology and Biopharmacy, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 79-010 Lviv, Ukraine
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Kim JH, Park TJ, Park JS, Kim MS, Chi WJ, Kim SY. Luteolin-3'- O-Phosphate Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses by Regulating NF-κB/MAPK Cascade Signaling in RAW 264.7 Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237393. [PMID: 34885976 PMCID: PMC8659157 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteolin (LT), present in most plants, has potent anti-inflammatory properties both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, some of its derivatives, such as luteolin-7-O-glucoside, also exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying luteolin-3′-O-phosphate (LTP)-mediated immune regulation are not fully understood. In this paper, we compared the anti-inflammatory properties of LT and LTP and analyzed their molecular mechanisms of action; we obtained LTP via the biorenovation of LT. We investigated the anti-inflammatory activities of LT and LTP in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. We confirmed from previously reported literature that LT inhibits the production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2, as well as the expression of inducible NO synthetase and cyclooxygenase-2. In addition, expressions of inflammatory genes and mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β, were suppressed. LTP showed anti-inflammatory activity similar to LT, but better anti-inflammatory activity in all the experiments, while also inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B more effectively than LT. At a concentration of 10 μM, LTP showed differences of 2.1 to 44.5% in the activity compared to LT; it also showed higher anti-inflammatory activity. Our findings suggest that LTP has stronger anti-inflammatory activity than LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Biotechnology, Sunmoon University, Asan 31460, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (T.-J.P.)
| | - Tae-Jin Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Biotechnology, Sunmoon University, Asan 31460, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (T.-J.P.)
| | - Jin-Soo Park
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (J.-S.P.); (M.-S.K.)
| | - Min-Seon Kim
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (J.-S.P.); (M.-S.K.)
| | - Won-Jae Chi
- Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Korea;
| | - Seung-Young Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Biotechnology, Sunmoon University, Asan 31460, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (T.-J.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-530-2390
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29
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Thepthanee C, Liu CC, Yu HS, Huang HS, Yen CH, Li YH, Lee MR, Liaw ET. Evaluation of Phytochemical Contents and In Vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anticancer Activities of Black Rice Leaf ( Oryza sativa L.) Extract and Its Fractions. Foods 2021; 10:2987. [PMID: 34945535 PMCID: PMC8701243 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Black rice leaves (Oryza sativa L.) are a major part of rice straw left in open fields after rice harvest as agricultural waste. In this study, crude ethanolic extract (CEE) and various solvent fractions (hexane (Hex), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH), and aqueous fractions) of black rice leaves were investigated for their bioactive compound contents as well as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. The results demonstrated that among all the fractions, the n-BuOH fraction presented the greatest contents of total phenolics and flavonoids, while anthocyanins were found to be abundant in the n-BuOH and aqueous fractions, which also exhibited powerful antioxidant abilities according to DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging assays and a reducing power assay. Regarding anti-inflammatory activity, CEE and EtOAc reduced the production of NO and cytokine secretion (PGE2, IL-6, and IL-1β) but displayed less effect on tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) release in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. They also significantly decreased iNOS and COX-2 protein expression. Additionally, the phenolics-rich ethyl acetate fraction showed the greatest activity against HepG2 liver carcinoma cells, inhibited cell growth, increased the Sub-G1 population, and induced apoptosis via mitochondrion-dependent mechanisms. In conclusion, black rice leaves, a byproduct of rice, exhibited strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer capacities and might be useful for application in functional foods and the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chorpaka Thepthanee
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (C.T.); (C.-C.L.); (H.-S.Y.)
| | - Chan-Chiung Liu
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (C.T.); (C.-C.L.); (H.-S.Y.)
| | - Hsu-Sheng Yu
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (C.T.); (C.-C.L.); (H.-S.Y.)
| | | | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Hsien Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 420, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (M.-R.L.)
- Instrument Center, Office of Research and Development, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 420, Taiwan
| | - Maw-Rong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 420, Taiwan; (Y.-H.L.); (M.-R.L.)
| | - Ean-Tun Liaw
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (C.T.); (C.-C.L.); (H.-S.Y.)
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Ou Z, Zhu L, Huang C, Ma C, Kong L, Lin X, Gao X, Huang L, Wen L, Liang Z, Yuan Z, Wu J, Yi J. Betulinic acid attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced intestinal mucosa injury by inhibiting the NF-κB/MAPK signalling pathways and activating the Nrf2 signalling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112746. [PMID: 34482064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, has been associated with several biological effects, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. Previous studies have demonstrated that BA has the ability to alleviate intestinal mucosal damage, however, the potential mechanism associated with the effect has not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the possible protective mechanism of BA against cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced intestinal mucosal damage. Here, we found that BA pretreatment prevented intestinal mucosal barrier dysfuction from CYP-challenged mice by repairing the intestinal physical, chemical, and immune barriers. Moreover, BA treatment suppressed the CYP-induced oxidative stress by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2 [NF-E2]-related factor (Nrf2) pathway blocked reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. In addition, BA inhibited CYP-triggered intestinal inflammation through down-regulating the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB)/mitogen-activating protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Furthermore, BA pretreatment reduced intestinal apoptosis by blocking ROS-activated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Overall, the current study demonstrated the protective effect of BA against CYP-caused intestinal mucosal damage by regulating the Nrf2 and NF-κB/MAPK signalling pathways, which may provide new therapeutic targets to attenuate intestinal impairment and maintain intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoping Ou
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lijuan Zhu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chenglong Huang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chaoyang Ma
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Li Kong
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xing Lin
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lixin Wen
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zengenni Liang
- Department of Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhihang Yuan
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Jine Yi
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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Onishi S, Tebayashi S, Hikichi Y, Sawada H, Ishii Y, Kim CS. Inhibitory effects of luteolin and its derivatives on osteoclast differentiation and differences in luteolin production by Capsicum annuum varieties. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:2224-2231. [PMID: 34435616 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin, an abundant flavonoid in the leaves of Capsicum annuum, has antioxidant activity and is, thus, a key chemical for promoting plant residue utilization, especially for the development of healthcare products. We assessed the inhibitory effect of luteolin and its glycosides on osteoclastic differentiation in human cells and found that the differentiation was effectively inhibited at noncytotoxic concentrations. We also screened 47 varieties of C. annuum for the accumulation of luteolin and apigenin to determine the prevalence of luteolin in diverse cultivars and identify varieties with high and/or selective luteolin production. The glycosides of luteolin and apigenin were found in all the tested varieties, with luteolin predominant over apigenin in most varieties. The identification and characterization of highly productive varieties of C. annuum is expected to be beneficial for the effective development of useful luteolin-based products from plant residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Onishi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.,Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Tebayashi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Hikichi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | | | - Yukiko Ishii
- Kochi Agricultural Research Center, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Chul-Sa Kim
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
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Ho HY, Chen PJ, Lo YS, Lin CC, Chuang YC, Hsieh MJ, Chen MK. Luteolin-7-O-glucoside inhibits cell proliferation and modulates apoptosis through the AKT signaling pathway in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:2013-2024. [PMID: 34165247 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an unnoticeable malignant tumor with a high potential of lymphatic metastasis, and its prevalence is high in Asia. Ionizing radiation is the mainstay of treatment for patients with NPC without metastasis. However, patients with metastatic lesions require advanced treatments such as chemotherapy. The present study investigated the apoptotic effect of luteolin-7-O-glucoside on NPC cells and elucidated its underlying signaling mechanisms. The results revealed that luteolin-7-O-glucoside significantly reduced the proliferation of NPC cell lines (NPC-039 and NPC-BM). Flow cytometry and morphological analysis results demonstrated that luteolin-7-O-glucoside treatment induced S and G2 /M cell cycle arrest, chromatin condensation, and apoptosis. In addition, mitochondrial membrane potential was observed to be depolarized with an increasing concentration of luteolin-7-O-glucoside. Proteins involved in the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis, such as death receptor, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and Bcl-2 family proteins (Bax, t-Bid, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL), were downregulated and upregulated after treatment with luteolin-7-O-glucoside, respectively. Moreover, the addition of a PI3K/AKT inhibitor enhanced the activation of poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase (PARP) and attenuated cell viability, indicating that luteolin-7-O-glucoside induced apoptosis in NPC cells through the AKT signaling pathway. These results indicated that the apoptosis of NPC cells modulated by luteolin-7-O-glucoside may be preceded by mitochondrial depolarization, cell cycle arrest, extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathway activation, and AKT signaling modulation. Thus, luteolin-7-O-glucoside can be a promising anticancer agent against human NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Ho
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ju Chen
- Department of Dentistry, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Lo
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chieh Lin
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Chuang
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Post Baccalaureate Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
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Deciphering the Potential Neuroprotective Effects of Luteolin against Aβ 1- 42-Induced Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179583. [PMID: 34502488 PMCID: PMC8430819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was undertaken to unveil the protective effects of Luteolin, a natural flavonoid, against amyloid-beta (Aβ1–42)-induced neuroinflammation, amyloidogenesis, and synaptic dysfunction in mice. For the development of an AD mouse model, amyloid-beta (Aβ1–42, 5 μL/5 min/mouse) oligomers were injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) into mice’s brain by using a stereotaxic frame. After that, the mice were treated with Luteolin for two weeks at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day. To monitor the biochemical changes, we conducted western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. According to our findings, the infusion of amyloid-beta activated c-Jun N-terminal kinases (p-JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and ionized calcium adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) in the cortex and hippocampus of the experimental mice; these changes were significantly inhibited in Aβ1–42 + Luteolin-treated mice. Likewise, we also checked the expression of inflammatory markers, such as p-nuclear factor-kB p65 (p-NF-kB p65 (Ser536), tissue necrosis factor (TNF-α), and Interleukin1-β (IL-1β), in Aβ1–42-injected mice brain, which was attenuated in Aβ1–42 + Luteolin-treated mice brains. Further, we investigated the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic cell death markers such as Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and Cox-2, which was significantly reduced in Aβ1–42 + Lut-treated mice brains compared to the brains of the Aβ-injected group. The results also indicated that with the administration of Aβ1–42, the expression levels of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme (BACE-1) and amyloid-beta (Aβ1–42) were significantly enhanced, while they were reduced in Aβ1–42 + Luteolin-treated mice. We also checked the expression of synaptic markers such as PSD-95 and SNAP-25, which was significantly enhanced in Aβ1–42 + Lut-treated mice. To unveil the underlying factors responsible for the protective effects of Luteolin against AD, we used a specific JNK inhibitor, which suggested that Luteolin reduced Aβ-associated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration via inhibition of JNK. Collectively, our results indicate that Luteolin could serve as a novel therapeutic agent against AD-like pathological changes in mice.
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Lee S, Ha J, Park J, Kang E, Jeon SH, Han SB, Ningsih S, Paik JH, Cho S. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Bischofia javanica (Blume) Leaf Methanol Extracts through the Regulation of Nrf2 and TAK1. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081295. [PMID: 34439543 PMCID: PMC8389227 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bischofia javanica (Blume) has been traditionally used to treat inflammatory diseases such as tonsillitis and ulcers throughout Asia, including China, Indonesia, and the Philippines: however, the molecular mechanisms by which B. javanica exerts its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties remain largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of methanol extracts of B. javanica leaves (MBJ) in vitro and in vivo. MBJ decreased nitric oxide (NO) production and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells. The observed suppression of inflammatory responses by MBJ was correlated with an inhibition of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Additionally, MBJ induced nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor that upregulates the expression of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant genes. Furthermore, MBJ exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in an acute hepatitis mouse model. In conclusion, our results confirm the medicinal properties of B. javanica, and therefore MBJ could be applied to improve inflammatory and redox imbalances in different types of pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewoong Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pharmacological Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (S.L.); (J.H.); (J.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Jain Ha
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pharmacological Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (S.L.); (J.H.); (J.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pharmacological Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (S.L.); (J.H.); (J.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Eunjeong Kang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pharmacological Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (S.L.); (J.H.); (J.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Sung-Hyun Jeon
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Lab, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (S.-H.J.); (S.B.H.)
| | - Sang Beom Han
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Lab, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (S.-H.J.); (S.B.H.)
| | - Sri Ningsih
- Center for Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology, Deputy for Agroindustrial Technology and Biotechnology, The Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Jl. Raya Puspiptek, Kota Tangerang Selatan 15310, Banten, Indonesia;
| | - Jin Hyub Paik
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Sayeon Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pharmacological Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (S.L.); (J.H.); (J.P.); (E.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-820-5595; Fax: +82-2-816-7338
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Vissenaekens H, Criel H, Grootaert C, Raes K, Smagghe G, Van Camp J. Flavonoids and cellular stress: a complex interplay affecting human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8535-8566. [PMID: 34098806 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1929822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoid consumption has beneficial effects on human health, however, clinical evidence remains often inconclusive due to high interindividual variability. Although this high interindividual variability has been consistently observed in flavonoid research, the potential underlying reasons are still poorly studied. Especially the knowledge on the impact of health status on flavonoid responsiveness is limited and merits more investigation. Here, we aim to highlight the bidirectional interplay between flavonoids and cellular stress. First, the state-of-the-art concerning inflammatory stress and mitochondrial dysfunction is reviewed and a comprehensive overview of recent in vitro studies investigating the impact of flavonoids on cellular stress, induced by tumor necrosis factor α, lipopolysaccharide and mitochondrial stressors, is given. Second, we critically discuss the influence of cellular stress on flavonoid uptake, accumulation, metabolism and cell responses, which has, to our knowledge, never been extensively reviewed before. Next, we advocate the innovative insight that stratification of the general population based on health status can reveal subpopulations that benefit more from flavonoid consumption. Finally, suggestions are given for the development of future cell models that simulate the physiological micro-environment, including interindividual variability, since more mechanistic research is needed to establish scientific-based personalized food recommendations for specific subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Vissenaekens
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanne Criel
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katleen Raes
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Van Camp
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Wang ZZ, Jia Y, Srivastava KD, Huang W, Tiwari R, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Geliebter J, Miao M, Li XM. Systems Pharmacology and In Silico Docking Analysis Uncover Association of CA2, PPARG, RXRA, and VDR with the Mechanisms Underlying the Shi Zhen Tea Formula Effect on Eczema. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:8406127. [PMID: 34055023 PMCID: PMC8143894 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8406127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Eczema is a complex chronic inflammatory skin disease impacted by environmental factors, infections, immune disorders, and deficiencies in skin barrier function. Shi Zhen Tea (SZT), derived from traditional Chinese medicine Xiao-Feng-San, has shown to be an effective integrative therapy for treating skin lesions, itching, and sleeping loss, and it facilitates reduction of topical steroid and antihistamine use in pediatric and adult patients with severe eczema. Yet, its active compounds and therapeutic mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this study, we sought to investigate the active compounds and molecular mechanisms of SZT in treating eczema using systems pharmacology and in silico docking analysis. SZT is composed of 4 medicinal herbs, Baizhu (Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizome), Jingjie (Schizonepetae herba), Kushen (Sophorae flavescentis radix), and Niubangzi (Arctii fructus). We first identified 51 active compounds from SZT and their 81 potential molecular targets by high-throughput computational analysis, from which we identified 4 major pathways including Th17 cell differentiation, metabolic pathways, pathways in cancer, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Through network analysis of the compound-target pathway, we identified hub molecular targets within these pathways including carbonic anhydrase II (CA2), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPAR γ), retinoid X receptor α (RXRA), and vitamin D receptor (VDR). We further identified top 5 compounds including cynarine, stigmasterin, kushenol, β-sitosterol, and (24S)-24-propylcholesta-5-ene-3β-ol as putative key active compounds on the basis of their molecular docking scores with identified hub target proteins. Our study provides an insight into the therapeutic mechanism underlying multiscale benefits of SZT for eczema and paves the way for developing new and potentially more effective eczema therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, New York Medical College, New York 10595, USA
| | - Yuan Jia
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Kamal D. Srivastava
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, New York Medical College, New York 10595, USA
- General Nutraceutical Technology LLC, Elmsford, New York 10523, USA
| | - Weihua Huang
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, New York 10595, USA
| | - Raj Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, New York Medical College, New York 10595, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, New York 10595, USA
| | - Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn 10-561, Poland
| | - Jan Geliebter
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, New York Medical College, New York 10595, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, New York 10595, USA
| | - Mingsan Miao
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, New York Medical College, New York 10595, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, New York 10595, USA
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Yoon HS, Park CM. Chrysoeriol ameliorates COX-2 expression through NF-κB, AP-1 and MAPK regulation via the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:718. [PMID: 34007327 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysoeriol is a flavonoid that has diverse biological properties, including antioxidation, anti-inflammation, chemoprevention and immunomodulation. Despite its reported anti-inflammatory activity, the exact underlying molecular mechanism has not yet been elucidated. In the current study, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of chrysoeriol involving lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its upstream signaling molecules was investigated in RAW 264.7 cells. The mechanism was evaluated via ELISA and western blotting assays. Chrysoeriol significantly inhibited LPS-induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and COX-2 expression without cytotoxicity. Activated transcription factors that further induced the inflammation response, including nuclear factor (NF)-κB and activator protein-1 (AP-1), were significantly attenuated by chrysoeriol treatment. Furthermore, LPS-induced phosphorylation levels of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were abolished by chrysoeriol treatment, which was confirmed by selective inhibitors. Additionally, chrysoeriol significantly inhibited the LPS-induced activation of adaptor molecules in RAW 264.7 cells, including toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation primary response 88. Therefore, the results suggested that chrysoeriol ameliorates TLR4-mediated inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB and AP-1 activation as well as suppressing PI3K/Akt and MAPK phosphorylation in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Seo Yoon
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Dong-Eui University, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.,The Research Institute for Health Functional Materials, Dong-Eui University, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Mu Park
- The Research Institute for Health Functional Materials, Dong-Eui University, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Dong-Eui University, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
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Shanaida M, Hudz N, Jasicka-Misiak I, Wieczorek PP. Polyphenols and Pharmacological Screening of a Monarda fistulosa L. dry Extract Based on a Hydrodistilled Residue By-Product. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:563436. [PMID: 33995001 PMCID: PMC8118672 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.563436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the composition and content of polyphenols in the dry extract obtained from the hydrodistilled residue by-product of the wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa L., Lamiaceae Martinov family) herb (MFDE) and to evaluate its safety and pharmacological properties. The total phenolic content (TPC) in the MFDE was 120.64 mg GAE/g. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed the presence of a plethora of phenolic compounds, including hydroxycinnamic acids and flavone derivatives in the MFDE, with rosmarinic acid and luteolin-7-O-glucoside being the main components. With an IC50 value of 0.285 mg/mL, it was found to be a strong DPPH radical scavenger. The acute toxicity study results indicate that the oral administration of MFDE to rats at the doses of 500–5,000 mg/kg did not produce any side effects or death in animals which indicates its safety. The results of the in vivo assay showed that the MFDE dose-dependently inhibited paw oedema and significantly reduced the number of writings in mice induced by the acetic acid injection suggesting its potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, respectively. The conducted studies revealed that M. fistulosa hydrodistilled residue by-product could be regarded as a new natural source of polyphenols with valuable pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Shanaida
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medical Botany, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Hudz
- Department of Drug Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
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Oliveira M, João Rodrigues M, Neng NR, Nogueira JMF, Bessa RJB, Custódio L. Seasonal Variations of the Nutritive Value and Phytotherapeutic Potential of Cladium mariscus L. (Pohl.) Targeting Ruminant's Production. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030556. [PMID: 33809590 PMCID: PMC8002363 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In our endeavor to identify salt-tolerant plants with potential veterinary uses in ruminants' production strategies, we focused on Cladium mariscus L. Pohl (sawgrass), due to its high total phenolic and tannin content, anti-radical properties, and ethnomedicinal uses. Aerial parts were collected along the year in Southern Portugal and evaluated for the nutritional profile and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), aiming for its use as feed. Acetone extracts were appraised for total contents in phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), and tannins (CTC), as well as the chemical composition by HPLC-DAD and in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, targeting its exploitation as phytotherapeutic products. Sawgrass biomass has a limited nutritive value, due to its high neutral detergent fiber (NDF; 596-690 g kg-1 dry matter (DM)) and acid detergent fiber (ADF; 330-418 g kg-1 DM) contents, low crude protein (51.8-87.3 g kg-1 DM) and IVOMD (172-317 g kg-1 organic matter (OM)). Despite differences among seasons, the mineral profile was adequate. The extracts were rich in TPC (88-112 mg g-1), CTC (115-169 mg g-1), and TFC (18.5-20.2 mg g-1), and displayed significant antioxidant capacity, particularly in summer and autumn, whilst no seasonal influence was detected for anti-inflammatory properties (30% reduction of nitric oxide production). Eleven phenolics were quantified: chlorogenic, ferulic, and syringic acids were the most abundant, especially in the autumn sample. Overall, despite the low nutritional interest, sawgrass extracts hold the potential as a source of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Oliveira
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.O.); (M.J.R.)
| | - Maria João Rodrigues
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.O.); (M.J.R.)
| | - Nuno R. Neng
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.R.N.); (J.M.F.N.)
| | - José Manuel Florêncio Nogueira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.R.N.); (J.M.F.N.)
| | - Rui J. B. Bessa
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-666 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Luísa Custódio
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.O.); (M.J.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Su J, Xu HT, Yu JJ, Yan MQ, Wang T, Wu YJ, Li B, Lu WJ, Wang C, Lei SS, Chen SM, Chen SH, Lv GY. Luteolin ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced microcirculatory disturbance through inhibiting leukocyte adhesion in rat mesenteric venules. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:33. [PMID: 33446171 PMCID: PMC7807763 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microcirculatory disturbance is closely associated with multiple diseases such as ischemic and septic stroke. Luteolin (3,4,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a vascular protective flavonoid present in several dietary foods. However, how luteolin plays a role in microcirculatory disturbance is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to find out the influence of luteolin on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microcirculatory disturbance, focusing on its effect on leukocyte adhesion and the underlying mechanism of this effect. Methods After injecting LPS into rats, we used an inverted intravital microscope to observe the velocity of red blood cells in venules, numbers of leukocytes adherent to and emigrated across the venular wall, hydrogen peroxide production in venular walls and mast cell degranulation. Intestinal microcirculation blood flow was measured by High-resolution Laser Doppler Perfusion Imaging. Histological changes of small intestine and mesenteric arteries were evaluated. Additionally, cell adhesion stimulated by LPS was tested on EA.hy926 and THP-1 cells. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules and the activation of TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB signaling pathway were determined. Results The results showed luteolin significantly inhibited LPS-induced leukocyte adhesion, hydrogen peroxide production and mast cell degranulation, and increased intestinal microcirculation blood flow and ameliorated pathological changes in the mesenteric artery and the small intestine. Furthermore, luteolin inhibited the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the expression of TLR4, Myd88, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1, the phosphorylation of IκB-α and NF-κB/p65 in LPS stimulated EA.hy926. Conclusions Our findings revealed that it is likely that luteolin can ameliorate microcirculatory disturbance. The inhibitory effects of luteolin on the leukocyte adhesion stimulated by LPS, which participates in the development of microcirculatory disturbance, are mediated through the regulation of the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-020-03196-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Ting Xu
- Suzhou Wuzhong People's Hospital, Suzhou, 215128, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Qiu Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Jun Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Jie Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Lei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Si-Min Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Hong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gui-Yuan Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China.
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Talasila DS, Bauer EB. Ferrocenium complex aided O-glycosylation of glycosyl halides. RSC Adv 2021; 11:36814-36820. [PMID: 35494397 PMCID: PMC9043573 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05788j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new strategy for the activation of glycosyl halide donors to be utilized in glycosylation reactions is presented, utilizing the ferrocenium (Fc) complexes [FcB(OH)2]SbF6 and FcBF4 as promoters. The scope of the new system has been investigated using glycosyl chloride and glycosyl fluoride donors in combination with common glycosyl acceptors, such as protected glucose. The corresponding glycosylation products were formed in 95 to 10% isolated yields with α/β ratios ranging from 1/1 to β only (2 to 14 h reaction time at room temperature, 40 to 100% ferrocenium promoter load). Ferrocenium complexes as a new, tunable platform for O-glycosylation reactions are introduced.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Deva Saroja Talasila
- University of Missouri – St. Louis, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Eike B. Bauer
- University of Missouri – St. Louis, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
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Huang Y, Zheng WJ, Ni YS, Li MS, Chen JK, Liu XH, Tan XH, Li JQ. Therapeutic mechanism of Toujie Quwen granules in COVID-19 based on network pharmacology. BioData Min 2020; 13:15. [PMID: 32983259 PMCID: PMC7512049 DOI: 10.1186/s13040-020-00225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chinese medicine Toujie Quwen granule (TJQW) has proven to be effective in the treatment of mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases by relieving symptoms, slowing the progression of the disease, and boosting the recovery of patients. But the bioactive compounds and potential mechanisms of TJQW for COVID-19 prevention and treatment are unclear. This study aimed to explore the potential therapeutic mechanism of TJQW in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on an integrated network pharmacology approach. Methods TCMSP were used to search and screen the active ingredients in TJQW. The Swiss TargetPrediction was used to predict the potential targets of active ingredients. Genes co-expressed with ACE2 were considered potential therapeutic targets on COVID-19. Venn diagram was created to show correlative targets of TJQW against COVID-19. Cytoscape was used to construct a “drug-active ingredient-potential target” network, STRING were used to construct protein-protein interaction network, and cytoHubba performed network topology analysis. Enrichment of biological functions and signaling pathways of core targets was performed by using the clusterProfiler package in R software and ClueGO with CluePedia plugins in Cytoscape. Results A total of 156 active ingredients were obtained through oral bioavailability and drug-likeness screenings. Two hundred twenty-seven potential targets of TJQW were related to COVID-19. The top ten core targets are EGFR, CASP3, STAT3, ESR1, FPR2, F2, BCL2L1, BDKRB2, MPO, and ACE. Based on that, we obtained 19 key active ingredients: umbelliprenin, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, praeruptorin E, stigmasterol, and oroxylin A. And the enrichment analysis obtained multiple related gene ontology functions and signaling pathways. Lastly, we constructed a key network of “drug-component-target-biological process-signaling pathway”. Our findings suggested that TJQW treatment for COVID-19 was associated with elevation of immunity and suppression of inflammatory stress, including regulation of inflammatory response, viral process, neutrophil mediated immunity, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, Complement and coagulation cascades, and HIF-1 signaling pathway. Conclusions Our study uncovered the pharmacological mechanism underlying TJQW treatment for COVID-19. These results should benefit efforts for people around the world to gain more knowledge about Chinese medicine TJQW in the treatment of this vicious epidemic COVID-19, and help to address this pressing problem currently facing the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Integrative Dept.3 (Geriatrics Dept), Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jiang Zheng
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Shi Ni
- The Second College of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mian-Sha Li
- Tianhe Shadong Street Community Healthcare Service Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Kun Chen
- Integrative Dept.3 (Geriatrics Dept), Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Hua Tan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Qiang Li
- Integrative Dept.3 (Geriatrics Dept), Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Suh MG, Choi HS, Cho K, Park SS, Kim WJ, Suh HJ, Kim H. Anti-inflammatory action of herbal medicine comprised of Scutellaria baicalensis and Chrysanthemum morifolium. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1799-1809. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1769464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Various mixtures were prepared depending on the mixing ratio of Scutellaria baicalensis hot water extract (SB-HW), and Chrysanthemum morifolium ethanol extract (CM-E) and their anti-inflammatory activity were compared. Among them, SB-HW (80 μg/mL)/CM-E (120 μg/mL) or SB-HW (40 μg/mL)/CM-E (160 μg/mL) significantly inhibited LPS-stimulated NO and IL-6 levels in RAW 264.7 cells. The SB-HW (80 μg/mL)/CM-E (120 μg/mL) mixture, which was determined as active mixture, significantly reduced MUC5AC secretion in PMA and LPS-induced NCI-H292 cells. The active mixture also reduced the production of PGE2 and IL-8 in PMA-induced A549 cells. LC-MS/MS analysis showed that the active mixture was composed of high contents of flavone glycosides, such as baicalin and cynaroside. Western blot analysis indicated that the active mixture suppressed phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38, associating with the inhibition of MAPK signaling. Taken together, our results suggest that the active mixture could be applied as a new anti-inflammatory herbal medicine.
Abbreviations
JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinases; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CM: Chrysanthemum morifolium; COX-2: cyclooxygenase-2; ERK: extracellular-signal-regulated kinase; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-8: interleukin-8; IL-12: interleukin-12; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; NO: nitric oxide; NK- κB: nuclear factor kappa B; p38: p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases; PBS: phosphate buffered saline; PMA: phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate; SB: Scutellaria baicalensis; PGE2: prostaglandin E2; TBST: Tris-buffered saline containing 0.1% Tween 20; TIC: total ion chromatogram; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Geun Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Son Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungwon Cho
- R&D center, Chong Kun Dang Healthcare Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Sun Park
- R&D center, Chong Kun Dang Healthcare Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jung Kim
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Skin-biotechnology Center, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Akbari-Ahangar A, Delnavazi MR. Flavone Glycosides from the Aerial Parts of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ps.2020.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl is an herbaceous perennial plant which its flowering aerial parts are used traditionally as gastrotonic, spasmolytic, sedative and for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. In the present study the aerial parts of this medicinal plant was investigated for its flavonoid glycosides content. Methods: n-butanol fraction derived from hydroalcoholic extract of S. lavandulifolia was subjected to phytochemical analysis using chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 and RP-18 silica gel columns. The structures of isolated compounds were identified using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and UV spectral analysis. Results: Four flavone glycosides, chrysoeriol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), apigenin-7-O-(6″-O-acetyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), along with apigenin (5) and chlorogenic acid (6) were isolated from S. lavandulifolia aerial parts. Conclusion: Identification of these phenolic compounds with some known biological activities in S. lavandulifolia explains some medicinal properties reported for this species and make scientific rationale for its traditional uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Akbari-Ahangar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Delnavazi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sun Y, Wang L, Lu Q, He L, Hua W, Zhang S, Wang T, Gu W, Li T, Tang L. Phenols fragment of Veronica ciliata Fisch. ameliorate free radical-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by mediating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 253:112579. [PMID: 31978521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Veronica ciliata Fisch. is used in numerous of Tibetan medicine prescriptions because of its hepatoprotective effect. AIMS OF THIS STUDY Here, we aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect and mechanism of phenolic fraction (PF) of V. ciliata Fisch. on liver injury induced by free radical. MATERIALS AND METHODS BRL 3A cells were pre-treated with PF and luteolin (Lut) following tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) treatment. The cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, cell cycle and autophagy were analyzed. Apoptotic, inflammatory, and autophagy,- related proteins were analyzed using Western blotting. The combination of molecular docking and drug affinity targeting experiments (DARTS) were first utilized to analysis the target protein of Lut. RESULTS PF effectively suppressed t-BHP-induced apoptosis caused by mitochondrial dysfunction, which were associated with inhibiting ROS generation. Further investigation indicated that PF significantly suppressed apoptosis, inflammation, and autophagy by regulating the expression of related proteins. The results of molecular docking and drug affinity targeting experiments (DARTS) revealed that PI3K was the target protein of PF and Lut. Further studies have shown that PF relieved liver injury induced by t-BHP via suppressing phosphorylated expression of PI3K. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that PF effectively protect against hepatotoxicity induced by t-BHP through inhibiting the abnormal activation of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and highlight the health benefits of PF regarding oxidative stress, proving it to be an important source of bioactive compounds associated with Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiuxia Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Libo He
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Wan Hua
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Taoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanqin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China.
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Wang Y, Zhou Z, Han M, Zhai J, Han N, Liu Z, Yin J. The anti-inflammatory components from the effective fraction of Syringae Folium (ESF) and its mechanism investigation based on network pharmacology. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103764. [PMID: 32222616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Syringae Folium (SF), noted in Chinese Pharmacopeia, has been used in herbal medicines to treat inflammatory diseases and its water extract of SF, Yanlixiao (YLX) which is commercial preparation traditional Chinese medicine has been widely used clinically against intestinal inflammations. To explore its therapeutic material basis of SF, an effective fraction from SF (ESF) was found out by bio-guided isolation and enrichment of active components. In this research, ESF was identified as the anti-inflammatory fraction by comparing the survival rate of LPS-induced inflammation mouse model. The in vivo anti-inflammation efficacy of ESF was further tested by mouse ear edema model. Fifteen main components of ESF were separated from ESF after identification by UPLC-TOF-MS, and their inhibition on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production was tested along with ESF in RAW 264.7 macrophages cell line. Aiming to search its anti-inflammation mechanisms, the network pharmacology study was performed based on the main active components. As results, ESF was found with better efficacy in inhibiting ear swelling (82.2 mg/kg, 43.7%) compared with YLX (293.3 mg/kg, 37.9%). Meanwhile, the main ESF components, luteolin and quercetin were found with significant efficacy in reducing NO production compared with aminoguanidine (positive control) (81.3%, 78.7% and 76.3%, respectively, 50 μg/ml). Analysis of network pharmacology also suggested that luteolin and quercetin could be the key components for the anti-inflammation activity of ESF, and NFKB1, RELA, AKT1, TNF and PIK3CG were identified as key targets and MAPK, NF-κB, TCR and TLRs signaling pathways could be involved in the anti-inflammation action of ESF. The results attained in this study indicated that ESF had the potential to be developed as an anti-inflammation agent applied in clinic.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/isolation & purification
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Databases, Pharmaceutical
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Edema/drug therapy
- Edema/metabolism
- Inflammation/drug therapy
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Lipopolysaccharides/antagonists & inhibitors
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Medicine, Chinese Traditional
- Mice
- Molecular Structure
- Nitric Oxide/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis
- RAW 264.7 Cells
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Syringa/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhengyuan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mingshu Han
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jianxiu Zhai
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Na Han
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Che DN, Shin JY, Kang HJ, Cho BO, Kim YS, Jang SI. Luteolin suppresses IL-31 production in IL-33-stimulated mast cells through MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106403. [PMID: 32197229 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
IL-31 and IL-33 are cytokines, which are expressed in many inflammatory and pathological disorders, thus suggesting an IL-31/IL-33 axis interaction in pathological diseases. Luteolin from natural products is known for its anti-inflammatory activities associated with the regulation of inflammatory signaling pathways. Here, we investigated the effects of luteolin in the regulation of IL-33-stimulated production and secretion of IL-31 in HMC-1.2 mast cells. Human mast cells (HMC-1.2) were treated with luteolin and stimulated with IL-33. Real-time PCR was used to measure IL-31 mRNA expression. Western blot and immunofluorescence assays were used to measure IL-31 expression. ELISA techniques were used to measure IL-31 secretion and NF-κB-DNA-binding activities. The results revealed that luteolin inhibited the expression of IL-31 in IL-33-stimulated HMC-1.2 cells at the mRNA and protein levels. Also, Luteolin inhibited the secretion of IL-31 into the cell culture media of the IL-33-stimulated HMC-1.2 cells. Further findings demonstrated that luteolin inhibited the activation of ERK, JNK, p38, and NF-κB p65 in the IL-33-stimulated HMC-1.2 cells. In addition, luteolin also prevented the nuclear translocation and binding of p65 to its DNA-binding site. Based on the results, luteolin may be considered as a potential therapeutic or functional food agent for the prevention and/or treatment of IL-31 and IL-33-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Nchang Che
- Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 55069, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Shin
- Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 55069, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Kang
- Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 55069, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Ok Cho
- Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 55069, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Il Jang
- Department of Health Management, Jeonju University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 55069, Republic of Korea.
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Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Effects of luteolin-7- O-glucuronide in LPS-Stimulated Murine Macrophages through TAK1 Inhibition and Nrf2 Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062007. [PMID: 32187984 PMCID: PMC7139836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Various herbal extracts containing luteolin-7-O-glucuronide (L7Gn) have been traditionally used to treat inflammatory diseases. However, systemic studies aimed at elucidating the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative mechanisms of L7Gn in macrophages are insufficient. Herein, the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of L7Gn and their underlying mechanisms of action in macrophages were explored. L7Gn inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages by transcriptional regulation of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in a dose-dependent manner. The mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators, including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), was inhibited by L7Gn treatment. This suppression was mediated through transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) inhibition that leads to reduced activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). L7Gn also enhanced the radical scavenging effect and increased the expression of anti-oxidative regulators, including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), by nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. These results indicate that L7Gn exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages, suggesting that L7Gn may be a suitable candidate to treat severe inflammation and oxidative stress.
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49
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Wang B, Li M, Gao H, Sun X, Gao B, Zhang Y, Yu L. Chemical composition of tetraploid Gynostemma pentaphyllum gypenosides and their suppression on inflammatory response by NF-κB/MAPKs/AP-1 signaling pathways. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:1197-1207. [PMID: 32148825 PMCID: PMC7020333 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of gypenosides isolated from tetraploid Gynostemma pentaphyllum (GP) leaves were investigated. The gypenosides accounted for 7.43 mg/g of the tested GP sample, which were composed of four major saponins including isomers of gypenoside 1 and 2 (C47H76O18), 3 (C47H76O17), and 4 (C46H74O17). Pretreatment of gypenosides reduced mRNA expressions of the proinflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells, such as IL-6, IL-1β, COX-2, and TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner. The secreted protein levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, and NO production were also decreased by gypenosides within the concentration range of 50-200 μg/ml. Moreover, the mechanism studies demonstrated that gypenosides (200 μg/ml) treatment significantly inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB and activator protein 1 (c-Fos and c-Jun) through down-regulating the phosphorylation of their upstream IκB kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), especially that of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular regulated protein kinase(JNK and ERK), but not that of the p38 MAPK. These results suggested that the gypenosides might have potential anti-inflammatory effect and use for improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Food Science & EngineeringSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Food Science & EngineeringSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hang Gao
- Department of Food Science & EngineeringSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiangjun Sun
- Department of Food Science & EngineeringSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Boyan Gao
- Department of Food Science & EngineeringSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- Department of Food Science & EngineeringSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Liangli Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
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50
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Panahi Y, Ghanei M, Hadjiakhoondi A, Ahmadi-Koulaei S, Delnavazi MR. Free Radical Scavenging Principles of Salvia reuterana Boiss. Aerial Parts. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2020; 19:283-290. [PMID: 33224234 PMCID: PMC7667560 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.1101055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salvia reuterana Boiss. is an aromatic perennial plant traditionally used for its anxiolytic and sedative properties. In the present study, various fractions and essential oil of S. reuterana aerial parts were investigated to find its free radical scavenging principles. Hydroalcoholic fraction with IC50 value of 112.6 ±3.2 μg mL-1 in DPPH assay demonstrated the highest free radical scavenging activity and was selected to further phytochemical investigation. RP-18 and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography of the hydroalcoholic fraction resulted in the isolation and structural elucidation of four phenolic derivatives, including apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), rosmarinic acid (3), and luteolin (4). Isolated compounds showed potent free radical scavenging activities (5.1-34.2 μg mL-1), compared with BHT (21.30 ± 1.9 μg mL-1). Twenty four compounds were also identified in GC-MS analysis of the plant essential oil, of which benzyl benzoate (26.64%), n-hexyl benzoate (22.99%) and n-hexyl isovalerate (6.04%) were the main compounds. The results of the present study introduced S. reuterana as a valuable source of natural phenolic antioxidants which can be utilized in prevention of oxidative stress related diseases. Moreover, interesting composition of S. reuterana essential oil, dominated by non-terpenes compounds (76.17%) especially aromatic derivatives, make it an appropriate candidate for more detailed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Panahi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Hadjiakhoondi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sheyda Ahmadi-Koulaei
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Delnavazi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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