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Kim HY, Choi JH. TAS2R38 bitterness receptor genetic variation is associated with diet quality in Koreans. Appetite 2024; 200:107561. [PMID: 38905855 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Genetic variation in the bitter taste receptor gene taste receptor type 2, member 38 (TAS2R38) is associated with an individual's bitter taste sensitivity, food preference and consumption, which may also influence overall diet quality. This study aims to determine whether the TAS2R38 bitter taste receptor genetic variation is associated with overall diet quality using the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI). A total of 41,839 individuals from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were analyzed for their TAS2R38 diplotypes (rs713598, rs1726866, and rs10246939), general characteristics, and KHEI scores by obesity status. Results revealed that in the non-obese group, individuals with the AVI/AVI diplotype had a significantly higher score of 'ratio of white meat to red meat' than individuals with the PAV/* diplotype (3.89 ± 3.23 vs. 3.79 ± 3.18, adjusted p = 0.029). However, obese individuals with the PAV/* diplotype showed a significantly higher level of the mean score of 'moderation' (19.32 ± 5.82 vs. 18.92 ± 5.80, adjusted p = 0.026) and total KHEI score (61.07 ± 12.19 vs. 60.52 ± 12.29, adjusted p = 0.008) than those with the AVI/AVI diplotype. Finally, an interactive effect between bitterness genetic variation and obesity level was observed in those scores of 'ratio of white meat to red meat' (adjusted p = 0.007), 'moderation' (adjusted p = 0.013), and total KEHI (adjusted p = 0.007). In conclusion, TAS2R38 genetic variation is associated with overall diet quality in Koreans, which is more evident in the obese group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Young Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, South Korea.
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Kim H, Suh HS, Lee EE. Association between dietary supplements and frailty: a cross-sectional study using national survey data in South Korea. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:486-495. [PMID: 38816911 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2356802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to examine the association between the use of specific types of dietary supplements and frailty using cross-sectional, nationally representative survey data. Adults aged ≥50 years in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2018-2020 were included. We calculated a 46-item frailty index to assess frailty. In total, 27,384 older adults were included (mean age: 62.47 years; median frailty index: 0.12). Among them, 72% used at least one dietary supplement. The prevalence of dietary supplement use was higher among women than among men and in participants with higher socioeconomic status. Compared to non-users, users of dietary supplements had a healthier diet and nutrient intake, and lower levels of frailty. After adjusting for socioeconomic and dietary factors, users of vitamin C, red ginseng or calcium were found to be significantly less frail. Our findings indicate promising results concerning dietary supplement intake in managing frailty among older Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Sun Suh
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Regulatory Innovation through Science (IRIS), Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunkyung Euni Lee
- College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hwang EC, Hwang HA, Shin SY, Kim J, Kim JH. Association between dietary quality and the prevalence of periodontitis in older Korean adults aged 60 or over. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2024; 54:253-264. [PMID: 38014775 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2301840092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the association between dietary quality and the prevalence of periodontitis in older Korean adults (≥60 years of age) using data from the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII, 2016-2018). METHODS Among the 16,489 KNHANES participants from 2016-2018, those aged ≥60 years were selected as the eligible population. After applying our exclusion criteria, 3,527 participants were included in the final study population. Periodontal status was measured using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). To determine the association between dietary quality and the prevalence of periodontitis, analysis of variance, the chi-square (χ²) test, and logistic regression analysis were performed. RESULTS The population was divided into quartile groups and stratified by sex. The percentage of men and women with periodontitis was 54.34% and 42.74%, respectively. The quartile with higher Korean Healthy Eating Index scores had a lower percentage of people with periodontitis in both sexes. For men, only vegetable intake showed a significant difference between sub-groups with or without periodontitis, whereas, for women, the intake of fruits, milk, sweets, carbohydrates, and fats showed significant differences. There was a strong positive association between vegetable intake and periodontitis in men in the 3 models used in this study; model 3 had an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.367 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.091-1.712). In women, a strong positive association with periodontitis was shown for sweets in all 3 models, with an aOR of 1.477 in model 3 (95% CI, 1.125-1.939). CONCLUSIONS Dietary quality was inversely associated with the prevalence of periodontitis in Korean adults aged ≥60 years. Further comprehensive studies are needed to help establish nutrition and health policies for older adults in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eurim C Hwang
- Department of Oral Health, Yecheon Public Health Center, Yecheon, Korea
| | - Horim A Hwang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Yun Shin
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joungmok Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
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Jang W, Kim M, Ha E, Kim H. Association of maternal ultra-processed food consumption during pregnancy with atopic dermatitis in infancy: Korean Mothers and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH) study. Nutr J 2024; 23:67. [PMID: 38918685 PMCID: PMC11202355 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00969-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal diet during pregnancy might influence the development of childhood allergic disorders. There are few studies on the association between processed food intake and infant atopic dermatitis (AD) during pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of ultra-processed food (UPF) intake during pregnancy with infantile AD. METHODS This study involved 861 pairs of pregnant women and their offspring from the Mothers' and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH) study, a multi-center birth cohort project conducted in Korea. Dietary intake was estimated using a 24-h recall method at 12-28 weeks gestation. The NOVA classification was used to identify UPF, and UPF intake was calculated as the percentage of total energy consumption and categorized into quartiles. Infantile AD was assessed based on medical history and the criteria of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Associations were assessed by logistic regression with adjustment for confounding factors. RESULTS Children born to mothers in the highest quartile of UPF consumption (15.5% or more of the total energy) compared to the lowest quartile (6.8% or less) showed a higher risk of AD within 12 months [odds ratio (OR) = 1.69; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-2.66, P for trend 0.0436]. After adjustment for the confounding factors under study, the association was strengthened; the adjusted OR between extreme quartiles was 2.19 (95% CI: 1.11-4.32, P for trend = 0.0418). This association was maintained even after an additional adjustment based on the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI), an indicator of diet quality. CONCLUSIONS Higher maternal consumption of UPF during pregnancy was associated with a greater risk of infantile AD within the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
- Institute for Better Living, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Ha
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Ewha-SCL for Environmental Health (IESEH), College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea.
- Institute for Better Living, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea.
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Jung H. Variations in health-related quality of life (EQ-5D) associated with cardiovascular health: a cross-sectional study of adults with diabetes in the Korean general population. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e081789. [PMID: 38803258 PMCID: PMC11328631 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies on the differences in the mechanism and complications of diabetes between men and women have indicated potential sex differences in cardiovascular health, which affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL). DESIGN A cross-sectional cohort study. SETTING To determine how sex differences can be noticed, acknowledged and applied in clinical practice, we aimed to determine the cardiovascular (CV) health status of men and women with diabetes and its effects on HRQoL. PARTICIPANTS In total, 2829 individuals with diabetes (1518 men and 1311 women) aged ≥40 years who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2013 to 2018 were enrolled. OUTCOME MEASURES Individuals with diabetes were categorised into poor, intermediate and ideal groups based on CV health indicators recommended by the American Heart Association. We used EQ-5D-3L to compare HRQoL scores between the sexes. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression and analysis of covariance were used to analyse the outcome variables. RESULTS In the poor CV health score group, female sex was associated with mobility problems (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.46 to 2.54), problems with usual activities (OR1.71, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.35), pain/discomfort (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.32 to 2.16) and anxiety/depression (OR 1.66 95% CI 1.16 to 2.38). In the intermediate and ideal CV health score groups, female sex was associated with pain/discomfort (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.15). Men had higher EQ-5D index scores in the poor and intermediate CV health score groups than did women. CONCLUSIONS Although women tended to have high health-related CV health scores, HRQoL was lower in women than in men, especially in the poor CV health score group and in the pain/discomfort domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Jung
- Department of Meridian & Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Baek SU, Kim T, Lee YM, Won JU, Yoon JH. Association between Dietary Quality and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Korean Adults: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study Using the Korean Healthy Eating Index (2013-2021). Nutrients 2024; 16:1516. [PMID: 38794752 PMCID: PMC11124450 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explored the relationship between the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This cross-sectional study included 34,174 Korean adults. The KHEI was composed of three subcomponents (adequacy, moderation, and energy balance) and calculated based on a 24 h dietary recall. The total score ranged from 0 to 100, with a higher score indicating a greater adherence to the Korean dietary guidelines. The total KHEI scores were categorized into quartiles (Q1-Q4). NAFLD was classified using the hepatic steatosis index. Logistic regressions were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The adjusted OR (95% CI) of NAFLD was 0.95 (0.87-1.03) for the Q2 group, 0.90 (0.83-0.98) for the Q3 group, and 0.79 (0.72-0.87) for the Q4 group, compared with the Q1 group. Among the subcomponents of the KHEI, individuals with high scores in the adequacy component, characterized by an abundant consumption of fruits, vegetables, and dairy products, exhibited the most pronounced association with NAFLD. A higher KHEI score was negatively associated with NAFLD in Korean adults. Therefore, the promotion of healthy dietary patterns can play a beneficial role in the prevention or management of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Uk Baek
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Min Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Uk Won
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Baek SU, Lim MH, Lee YM, Won JU, Yoon JH. Temporary Employment Is Associated with Poor Dietary Quality in Middle-Aged Workers in Korea: A Nationwide Study Based on the Korean Healthy Eating Index, 2013-2021. Nutrients 2024; 16:1482. [PMID: 38794720 PMCID: PMC11124147 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Temporary employment is associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular diseases and mortality. This study explored the association between temporary employment and dietary quality in middle-aged workers. This cross-sectional study included a nationwide sample of middle-aged Korean workers (n = 6467). Employment type was categorized into regular, fixed-term, and daily employment, based on labor contract duration. Dietary quality was assessed using the Korean Health Eating Index (KHEI), which ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating superior dietary quality. Linear regression was used to estimate beta coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The survey-weighted proportion of regular, fixed-term, and daily employment was 79.0%, 14.2%, and 6.8%, respectively. Fixed-term and daily employment were associated with a reduced KHEI compared with regular employment (β [95% CI]: -1.07 [-2.11, -0.04] for fixed-term and -2.46 [-3.89, -1.03] for daily employment). In sex-stratified analysis, the association between temporary employment and dietary quality was more pronounced in men (β [95% CI]: -1.69 [-3.71, 0.33] for fixed-term and -2.60 [-4.63, -0.53] for daily employment than in women. In conclusion, this study suggests that temporary employment is a social determinant of dietary quality in middle-aged workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Uk Baek
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Hun Lim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Min Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Uk Won
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Baek SU, Won JU, Lee YM, Yoon JH. Association between long working hours and diet quality and patterns: A latent profile analysis of a nationally representative sample of Korean workers. Prev Med 2024; 180:107890. [PMID: 38336280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long working hours are associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. This study investigated the relationship between the working hours and dietary qualities and patterns in Korean workers. METHODS Data from 24,523 workers were extracted from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2021. The Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI), which ranges from 0 to 100, with a higher score indicating greater adherence to Korean dietary guidelines and superior dietary quality, was used for dietary assessment. We identified dietary patterns and classified workers using latent profile analysis. Logistic regressions were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Five distinct dietary patterns emerged: healthy diet (24.8%), low-vegetable diet (14.0%), average diet (7.8%), low-fruit diet (31.4%), and poor diet (22.0%). The mean KHEI score was 60.8, with the highest score observed in the healthy diet pattern (71.3) and the lowest, in the poor diet pattern (50.0). Compared with working 35-40 h/week, working ≥55 h/week was negatively associated with KHEI scores (β: -1.08; 95% CI: -1.67, -0.49). Those working ≥55 h/week were less likely to have a healthy diet pattern (OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.91) and more likely to have a low-fruit diet (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.55) or poor diet pattern (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.43) compared with those working 35-40 h/week. CONCLUSION Long working hours are associated with undesirable dietary quality and patterns. Policy interventions aimed at enhancing dietary quality are needed to alleviate the health burdens associated with long working hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Uk Baek
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Uk Won
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Min Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Yoo H, Jo E, Lee H, Ko E, Jang E, Sim J, Park S. Level of happiness and its association with food literacy among Seoul citizens: results from Seoul Food Survey 2021. Nutr Res Pract 2024; 18:119-131. [PMID: 38352216 PMCID: PMC10861336 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2024.18.1.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Happiness is an important factor in life, and food literacy (FL) has been emphasized as a core concept for a happy and healthy life. This study examined the level of happiness of Seoul citizens according to their sociodemographic factors and their association with FL. SUBJECTS/METHODS This study used the data from the Seoul Food Survey, a cross-sectional study conducted on 4,039 Seoul citizens from September to October 2021. FL was measured using a validated questionnaire consisting of 33 items from 3 sub-domains: 14 items in the nutrition and safety domain, 8 items in the cultural and relational domain, and 11 items in the socio-ecological domain. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics and multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS Various sociodemographic factors, such as household income, subjective health status, and food insecurity, were found to be associated with the level of happiness. The level of FL was also associated with the happiness scores. After adjusting for variables associated with happiness, the participants with the highest quartile FL scores were 7.32 times more likely to respond that they were happy than those with the lowest FL score. Three FL domains and total FL showed linear increases in overall happiness after controlling for subjective health status and sociodemographic factors (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS After adjusting for the related covariates, higher levels of FL were associated with higher scores in happiness. Based on this study, it would be meaningful to evaluate ways to intervene in FL to improve the level of happiness among the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyelim Yoo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Eunbin Jo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Hyeongyeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Eunji Ko
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Eunjin Jang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Jiwon Sim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Sohyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
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Jung H. Sex differences in cardiovascular risk factors and quality of life among individuals with hypertension in Korea from 2013 to 2018: A cross-sectional cohort study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296326. [PMID: 38165950 PMCID: PMC10760734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
As its prevalence increases and its association with cardiovascular disease and mortality is established, there is a need to improve prevention and management strategies for hypertension. Therefore, we aimed to compare differences in cardiovascular health status between men and women with hypertension defined by systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, and/or treatment with antihypertensive drugs. The association between cardiovascular health status and health-related quality of life was also evaluated. Additionally, a secondary analysis was performed on the cross-sectional data from 7306 adults with hypertension, ≥40 years of age between 2013 and 2018. Of this sample, 51.2% of patients were women from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The seven Cardiovascular Health Metrics were used to quantify cardiovascular health status and the 5-dimensional European Quality of Life Questionnaire (EQ-5D) was used to evaluate health-related quality of life. A higher proportion of men than that of women was observed in the poor cardiovascular health score group [total score 0-7], with a higher proportion of women in the intermediate group [total score 8-10] and ideal group [total 11-14] (p<0.0001). The proportion of women in the EQ-5D index was higher than that of men in the poor and intermediate groups (p<0.0001), with no difference in the proportion of men and women in the ideal group (p = 0.1452). Furthermore, specific cardiovascular risk factors were different between men and women: women had lower physical activity level and higher prevalence of high cholesterol (≥200 mg/dl), and men had higher body mass indices and worse diet management. These findings indicate that prevention and management strategies for hypertension and cardiovascular health might need to differ for men and women to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Jung
- Department of Meridian & Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Cho Y, Ryu S, Kim R, Shin MJ, Oh H. Ultra-processed Food Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Korean Adults. J Nutr 2024; 154:243-251. [PMID: 38007182 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies from the United States and European countries reported a positive association between ultra-processed food intake and diabetes risk. However, little is known about the association in Asian populations. It is also unknown about the individual ultra-processed food items that are most unfavorably associated with diabetes risk. OBJECTIVE We examined the associations of ultra-processed food intake (combined, as well as individual ultra-processed food items) with the risk of type 2 diabetes. METHODS This prospective analysis included 7438 participants aged 40-69 y from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Ansan-Ansung cohort. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline using a 103-item semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Ultra-processed foods were classified using the Nova definition. Incident type 2 diabetes cases were identified via follow-up interviews and health examination. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS During the follow-up (2001-2019; median: 15 y), a total of 1187 type 2 diabetes cases were identified. Compared with the lowest quartile of ultra-processed food intake, the highest quartile was positively associated with diabetes risk [HR (95% CI) = 1.34 (1.13, 1.59), P-trend = 0.002]. The association did not change after additional adjustment for diet quality or BMI. Among individual ultra-processed food items, a higher consumption of ham/sausage [per 1% increase in the weight ratio: HR (95% CI) = 1.40 (1.05, 1.86)], instant noodles [1.07 (1.02, 1.11)], ice cream [1.08 (1.03, 1.13)], and carbonated beverages [1.02 (1.00, 1.04)] were associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, whereas a higher intake of candy/chocolate was associated with a decreased risk [0.78 (0.62, 0.99)]. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the high intake of ultra-processed foods, particularly ham/sausage, instant noodles, ice cream, and carbonated beverages, is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonkyoung Cho
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seaun Ryu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rockli Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Policy and Management, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Shin
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hannah Oh
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Policy and Management, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kim MJ, Park JE, Park JH. Associations of Healthy Eating Behavior with Mental Health and Health-Related Quality of Life: Results from the Korean National Representative Survey. Nutrients 2023; 15:5111. [PMID: 38140370 PMCID: PMC10746005 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy eating behaviors may be related to mental health and health-related quality of life. This study investigates the associations between diet quality, mental health, and health-related quality of life among men and women in Korea. METHODS A total of 6823 participants, aged 19, from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016 to 2018 were included. Their overall diet quality was estimated using the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the associations between diet quality, mental health, and quality of life. RESULTS The prevalence of stress perception and depression was highest in the lowest tertile of the KHEI score and higher for women than men. Among men, a significant association was observed only for stress perception and depressive symptoms in the second tertile, with odds ratios of 0.745 (95% CI, 0.585-0.949) and 0.519 (95% CI, 0.275-0.980). In contrast, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios for stress perception, depressive symptoms, and low EQ-5D index among women in the highest tertile were 0.668 (95% CI, 0.541-0.823), 0.464 (95% CI, 0.288-0.746), and 0.722 (95% CI, 0.566-0.920), and significant dose-response associations were observed. CONCLUSIONS A higher-quality diet was associated with a lower risk of stress and depression and a better quality of life. Thus, healthy eating behaviors may improve mental health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ju Kim
- Department of Biomedical Convergence, Chungbuk National University Graduate School, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea;
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Eun Park
- Institute of Health & Science Convergence, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jong Hyock Park
- Institute of Health & Science Convergence, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea;
- College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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13
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Jun S, Gunathilake M, Lee J, Oh JH, Chang HJ, Sohn DK, Shin A, Kim J. Interaction between vitamin E intake and a COMT gene variant on colorectal cancer risk among Korean adults: a case-control study. Epidemiol Health 2023; 45:e2023100. [PMID: 37974041 PMCID: PMC10876447 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2023100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous human trials have not supported the anticarcinogenic effect of vitamin E despite biological plausibility and considerable epidemiological evidence. A possible explanation for this inconsistency is the interactive effect of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene and supplemental vitamin E on cancer. We examined whether a COMT gene variant modulates the effect of dietary vitamin E intake on colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. METHODS In this case-control study of Korean adults (975 cases and 975 age- and sex-matched controls), dietary vitamin E density (mg/1,000 kcal) was measured using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, COMT single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs740603 (A>G) was genotyped, and CRC was verified histologically. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using unconditional logistic regression models with adjustments for potential confounders. RESULTS Higher vitamin E density was associated with a lower risk of CRC (highest vs. lowest quartiles: OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.96; p-for-trend=0.002). When stratified by COMT SNP rs740603 genotype, the inverse association between vitamin E density and CRC risk was confined to those with at least 1 A allele (≥median vs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a role for a genetic polymorphism in COMT in modifying the association between dietary vitamin E intake and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinyoung Jun
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang,
Korea
| | - Madhawa Gunathilake
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang,
Korea
| | - Jeonghee Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang,
Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Oh
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang,
Korea
| | - Hee Jin Chang
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang,
Korea
| | - Dae Kyung Sohn
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang,
Korea
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Department of Cancer, AI & Digital Health, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang,
Korea
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Hong J, Yang N, Kim K. Development and Validation of a Perceived Community Food Accessibility Measurement Questionnaire for Korean Older Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:4301. [PMID: 37836585 PMCID: PMC10574782 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As the community food environment is known to be an important factor in healthy food choices, it needs to be measured, to increase awareness and improve healthy eating. The objective of this study was to develop a perceived community food accessibility measurement (P-CFAM) questionnaire applicable to older adults in Korea and evaluate its reliability and validity. The questionnaire was developed based on community food environment factors that were found to affect food choices in previous studies. We evaluated the internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and criterion-related validity. The subjects were 188 older adults for validity. The Cronbach's alpha value for the reliability measure was 0.9. The confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate the construct validity of the questionnaire showed values close to those of the optimal model (GFI = 0.983, AGFI = 0.948, RMR = 0.004, NFI = 0.987, CFI = 0.996). Regarding the criterion-related validity, the P-CFAM questionnaire results were significantly related to objective measurement indicators such as the number of grocery stores, the travel time to a grocery store, and the intake of vegetables and fruit. In conclusion, the developed P-CFAM questionnaire was shown to be reliable and valid, and useful for assessing older adults' perceptions of community food accessibility in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kirang Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Science and Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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15
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Yoon E, Bae JC, Suh S. Intake of Fruit and Glycemic Control in Korean Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2023; 38:538-544. [PMID: 37550860 PMCID: PMC10613778 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2023.1730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Despite the well-recognized health benefits of fresh fruit consumption, there is still substantial uncertainty about its potential effects on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS We examined the association of fresh fruit consumption and glycemic control in patients with T2DM using data from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The study sample was divided into three groups based on weekly fruit consumption frequency for the analysis. RESULTS Patients with the highest fruit intake were older than those in the other two groups, and women were more likely to consume fruits in general. Being a current smoker and weekly alcohol intake also showed negative correlations according to the fruit intake tertiles. Fruit consumption was positively correlated with better hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. Moreover, patients in the highest tertile of fruit intake were 3.48 times more likely to be in good glycemic control defined as HbA1c <7%. CONCLUSION We observed that fruit consumption can be helpful in glycemic control in Korean patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Yoon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji Cheol Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Sunghwan Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
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Jin ES, Shim JS, Kim SE, Bae JH, Kang S, Won JC, Shin MJ, Jin HY, Moon J, Lee H, Kim HC, Jeong IK. Dyslipidemia Fact Sheet in South Korea, 2022. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:632-642. [PMID: 37528532 PMCID: PMC10555536 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2023.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and status of dyslipidemia management among South Korean adults, as performed by the Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis under the name Dyslipidemia Fact Sheet 2022. METHODS We analyzed the lipid profiles, age-standardized and crude prevalence, management status of hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia, and health behaviors among Korean adults aged ≥20 years, using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data between 2007 and 2020. RESULTS In South Korea, the crude prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL or use of a lipid-lowering drug) in 2020 was 24%, and the age-standardized prevalence of hypercholesterolemia more than doubled from 2007 to 2020. The crude treatment rate was 55.2%, and the control rate was 47.7%. The crude prevalence of dyslipidemia-more than one out of three conditions (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥160 or the use of a lipid-lowering drug, triglycerides ≥200, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] [men and women] <40 mg/dL)-was 40.2% between 2016 and 2020. However, it increased to 48.2% when the definition of hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia in women changed from <40 to <50 mg/dL. CONCLUSION Although the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia has steadily increased in South Korea, the treatment rate remains low. Therefore, continuous efforts are needed to manage dyslipidemia through cooperation between the national healthcare system, patients, and healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sun Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee-Seon Shim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shinae Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Chul Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Shin
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heung Yong Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jenny Moon
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hokyou Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Kyung Jeong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - on Behalf of the Committee of Public Relation of the Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis
- Department of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Korea
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
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Jin ES, Shim JS, Kim SE, Bae JH, Kang S, Won JC, Shin MJ, Jin HY, Moon J, Lee H, Kim HC, Jeong IK. Dyslipidemia Fact Sheet in South Korea, 2022. J Lipid Atheroscler 2023; 12:237-251. [PMID: 37800108 PMCID: PMC10548191 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2023.12.3.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and status of dyslipidemia management among South Korean adults, as performed by the Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis under the name Dyslipidemia Fact Sheet 2022. Methods We analyzed the lipid profiles, age-standardized and crude prevalence, management status of hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia, and health behaviors among Korean adults aged ≥20 years, using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data between 2007 and 2020. Results In South Korea, the crude prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL or use of a lipid-lowering drug) in 2020 was 24%, and the age-standardized prevalence of hypercholesterolemia more than doubled from 2007 to 2020. The crude treatment rate was 55.2%, and the control rate was 47.7%. The crude prevalence of dyslipidemia (more than one out of three conditions [low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ≥160 or the use of a lipid-lowering drug, triglycerides ≥200, or high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (men and women) <40 mg/dL]) was 40.2% between 2016 and 2020. However, it increased to 48.2% when the definition of hypo-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterolemia in women changed from <40 to <50 mg/dL. Conclusion Although the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia has steadily increased in South Korea, the treatment rate remains low. Therefore, continuous efforts are needed to manage dyslipidemia through cooperation between the national healthcare system, patients, and healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sun Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee-Seon Shim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shinae Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Chul Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Shin
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heung Yong Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jenny Moon
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hokyou Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Kyung Jeong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lerman JL, Herrick KA, Pannucci TE, Shams-White MM, Kahle LL, Zimmer M, Mathieu KM, Stoody EE, Reedy J. Evaluation of the Healthy Eating Index-Toddlers-2020. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023; 123:1307-1319. [PMID: 37201749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the addition of new guidance for children from birth to 24 months in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025 (DGA), a Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was developed for toddlers. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the psychometric properties of the HEI-Toddlers-2020, 5 analyses relevant to construct and concurrent validity and 2 related to reliability were examined. DESIGN Twenty-four-hour diet recall data from the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2018) were used. In addition, exemplary menus were analyzed. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING The main analytic sample included toddlers aged 12 through 23 months (n = 838), with additional analyses of toddlers aged 12 through 35 months (n = 1,717) from the United States. Included participants had valid diet recalls and available weight-for-age data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Outcomes measures included HEI-Toddlers-2020 total and component scores on menus, population distributions, and correlations. STATISTICAL ANALYSES HEI total and component scores were calculated using menus from the American Academy of Pediatrics and Healthy Eating Research. Score means and distributions were estimated using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach with National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2011-2018). Principal component analysis explored dimensions and Pearson correlations examined components, energy, and Cronbach α. In addition, HEI-Toddlers-2020 and HEI-2020 scores were compared for identical intakes at age 24 months. RESULTS For validity, exemplary menus received high scores with the HEI-Toddlers-2020. The mean ± SE total HEI-Toddlers-2020 score for toddlers aged 12 through 23 months was 62.9 ± 0.78 and ranged from 40.1 to 84.4 (1st to 99th percentile). Correlation between diet quality and diet quantity was low (-0.15); the scree plot revealed multiple factors. In addition, total scores for identical intakes were approximately 1.5 points higher for HEI-Toddlers-2020 compared with HEI-2020 (difference range for component scores, -4.97 to 4.89). For reliability, most of the intercorrelations among components were low to moderate (0 to 0.49), with a few exceptions among related components. Cronbach α was .48. These results indicate that the index is multidimensional, with no single component driving the total score, and no unnecessary components that are highly correlated with another component. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated evidence supportive of validity and reliability. The HEI-Toddlers-2020 can be used to assess alignment with the DGA for toddlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Lerman
- US Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kirsten A Herrick
- US Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | - Lisa L Kahle
- Information Management Services, Inc, Rockville, MD
| | - Meghan Zimmer
- US Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Eve E Stoody
- US Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Services, Alexandria, VA
| | - Jill Reedy
- US Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
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Shams-White MM, Pannucci TE, Lerman JL, Herrick KA, Zimmer M, Meyers Mathieu K, Stoody EE, Reedy J. Healthy Eating Index-2020: Review and Update Process to Reflect the Dietary Guidelines for Americans,2020-2025. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023; 123:1280-1288. [PMID: 37201748 PMCID: PMC10524328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to share the process for reviewing, updating, and developing the most recent version of the Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020) for ages 2 and older, following the release of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), 2020-2025. The overall review process included: 1) gathering information from the updated DGA, experts, and federal stakeholders; 2) considering substantive changes and needs for new development, keeping in mind the HEI's key features and guiding principles, the US Department of Agriculture's Dietary Patterns that serve as the foundation for the HEI, and scoring considerations; and 3) completing evaluation analyses, including the examination of content validity. The review process led to the development of the HEI-2020; a separate HEI-Toddlers-2020 was developed for ages 12 through 23 months. The 13 components and scoring standards of the HEI-2020 fully align with the HEI-2015, although the index was renamed to clarify that it aligned with the most recent 2020-2025 DGA. As the evidence informing the DGA continues to evolve, various aspects of the HEI may need to evolve in the future as well. Further methodological research is encouraged to add to the scientific evidence base on dietary patterns, to examine needs specific to each life stage, and to model optimal trajectories of healthy dietary patterns over the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa M Shams-White
- US Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD.
| | | | - Jennifer L Lerman
- US Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Kirsten A Herrick
- US Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Meghan Zimmer
- US Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | | | - Eve E Stoody
- US Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Alexandria, VA
| | - Jill Reedy
- US Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
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20
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Lee S, Park S, Kim K. Food literacy and its relationship with food intake: a comparison between adults and older adults using 2021 Seoul Food Survey data. Epidemiol Health 2023; 45:e2023062. [PMID: 37448126 PMCID: PMC10667580 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2023062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to examine the differences in food literacy between adults and older adults and the association of food literacy with food group intake. METHODS In total, 4,039 participants from the 2021 Survey for Food Consumption in Seoul were included in this study. The intake of whole grains, high-protein foods, total vegetables, vegetables excluding kimchi and pickles, fresh fruits, and milk and dairy products was assessed using a simple food frequency questionnaire. Food literacy was measured using a food literacy measurement questionnaire. RESULTS With the exception of milk and dairy, adults had a significantly higher proportion of insufficient food intake than older adults (p<0.001). Both adults and older adults with sufficient food group consumption had higher food literacy scores. Notably, the difference in food literacy scores by level of food intake was highest for fresh fruits (p<0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors affecting food literacy scores, a higher score was associated with a lower probability of having insufficient food intake in all food groups for both adults and older adults. Specifically, those in the highest food literacy score quartile were less likely to have insufficient intake of vegetables (odds ratio [OR], 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28 to 0.43) and fresh fruits (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.43), compared to the lowest quartile. CONCLUSIONS Improving food literacy is an important factor for promoting healthy food intake in older adults as well as adults. Therefore, it is necessary to develop intervention programs to work toward this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulgi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sohyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Kirang Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
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Shim JS, Ha KH, Kim DJ, Kim HC. Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Obesity in Korean Adults. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:547-558. [PMID: 37095686 PMCID: PMC10404531 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND This study aimed to investigate the association between consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and obesity in Korean adults. METHODS We included the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center cohort study baseline data of adults aged 30 to 64 years who completed a validated food frequency questionnaire. UPF was defined using the NOVA food classification. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association of dietary energy contribution of UPF with obesity indicators (body mass index [BMI], obesity, waist circumference [WC], and abdominal obesity). RESULTS Consumption of UPF accounted for 17.9% of total energy intake and obesity and abdominal obesity prevalence was 35.4% and 30.2%, respectively. Compared with those in the lowest quartile of UPF consumption, adults in the highest quartile had greater BMI (β=0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15 to 0.56), WC (β=1.03; 95% CI, 0.46 to 1.60), higher odds of having obesity (odds ratio [OR], 1.24; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.45), and abdominal obesity (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.57), after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, and family history of diseases. Dose-response associations between UPF consumption and obesity indicators were consistently found (all P trend <0.01). However, the strength of association was halved for all obesity indicators after further adjustments for total energy intake and overall diet quality score, and the trend toward association for obesity and WC disappeared. CONCLUSION Our finding supports the evidence that consumption of UPF is positively associated with obesity among Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Seon Shim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Hwa Ha
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dae Jung Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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22
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Lee H, Park S. Regional differences in the associations of diet quality, obesity, and possible sarcopenia using the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2018). Epidemiol Health 2023; 45:e2023059. [PMID: 37402414 PMCID: PMC10667583 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2023059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sarcopenic obesity is closely related to aging and the prevalence of various chronic diseases and frailty. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether diet quality is related to obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity, and if so, to explore the difference in that relationship between urban and rural settings. METHODS Using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 2016-2018, a total of 7,151 participants aged 40 years or older were analyzed. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using handgrip strength. Diet quality was assessed using Korea Healthy Eating Index (KHEI) scores, and obesity was determined based on participants' abdominal circumference. Multinomial logistic analysis was used for testing statistical significance. RESULTS Rural participants had significantly lower KHEI scores and a higher prevalence of sarcopenic obesity than urban participants. The study findings demonstrate that participants without obesity, sarcopenia, or sarcopenic obesity had significantly higher KHEI scores in both rural and urban settings. Multinomial regression analysis further revealed that a higher KHEI score was associated with a lower risk of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity among urban residents, while only the risk of obesity was lower with higher diet quality scores among rural residents. CONCLUSIONS Since diet quality and health status were lower in rural areas, it is important to address this regional disparity with appropriate policy measures. To mitigate urban health disparities, urban residents in poor health with few resources should also be supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongyeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sohyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
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23
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Yang HJ, Kim MJ, Hur HJ, Jang DJ, Lee BK, Kim MS, Park S. Inverse Association of the Adequacy and Balance Scores in the Modified Healthy Eating Index with Type 2 Diabetes in Women. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071741. [PMID: 37049581 PMCID: PMC10097397 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has markedly increased among Asians as their diets and lifestyles become more westernized. We, therefore, investigated the hypothesis that the Korean healthy eating index (KHEI) scores are associated with gender-specific T2DM risk in adults. The hypothesis was tested using the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-VI (2013–2017) with a complex sample survey design. Along with the KHEI scores, the modified KHEI (MKHEI) scores for the Korean- (KSD) and Western-style diets (WSD) were used as independent parameters, calculated using a validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ). We estimated the association between the KHEI or MKHEI and the T2DM risk using logistic regression after adjusting for T2DM-related covariates. The adults with T2DM were more frequently older men who were less educated, married, on a lower income, and living in rural areas compared to those without T2DM. Not only the fasting serum glucose concentrations but also the waist circumferences and serum triglyceride concentrations were much higher in adults with T2DM than in those without T2DM in both genders. Serum HDL concentrations in the non-T2DM subjects exhibited a greater inverse relationship to serum glucose than in the T2DM group in both genders. Twenty-four-hour recall data revealed that women, but not men, had higher calcium, vitamin C, saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, retinol, and vitamin B2 intakes than the T2DM group. Furthermore, overall, the KHEI score and the adequacy and balance scores among its components were significantly higher in the non-T2DM group than in the T2DM group, but only in women. The KHEI scores were inversely associated with T2DM only in women. The mixed grain intake score was higher in the non-T2DM than the T2DM group only in men. However, there were no differences between the groups in the MKHEI scores for KSD and WSD. In conclusion, high KHEI scores in the adequacy and balance components might prevent and/or delay T2DM risk, but only in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jeong Yang
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeng-Jeon Hur
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai-Ja Jang
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kook Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sunny Kim
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan-si 31499, Republic of Korea
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Lee J, Jo G, Park D, Jun HJ, Bae JH, Shin MJ. The Association between Advanced Liver Fibrosis and Mortality Is Modified by Dietary Quality among Korean Adults: Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with Mortality Data. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061501. [PMID: 36986234 PMCID: PMC10053070 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with an increased risk of mortality; however, an independent association of liver fibrosis with mortality is not well defined. We aimed to investigate the association between advanced liver fibrosis and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and the mediation effect of diet quality. We analyzed 35,531 participants with suspected NAFLD, excluding competing etiologies of chronic liver disease, from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2015, and followed up until 31 December 2019. The severity of liver fibrosis was assessed using the NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) and the fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4). The Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the association of advanced liver fibrosis with mortality. During a mean 8.1 years of follow-up, 3426 deaths occurred. Advanced liver fibrosis determined by NFS and FIB-4 was associated with increased risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality after adjusting for confounders. When NFS and FIB-4 were combined, the high NFS + high FIB-4 group was significantly associated with higher risks of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.85, 95% CI 1.42-2.43) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 2.04, 95% CI 1.23-3.39), respectively, compared with the low NFS + low FIB-4 group. However, these associations were attenuated in people with high diet quality. Advanced liver fibrosis is an independent risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in people with NAFLD, and the association between advanced liver fibrosis and mortality is modified by a high-quality diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam Jo
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ju Jun
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Shin
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Jeong SJ, Yang HJ, Yang HG, Ryu MS, Ha G, Jeong DY, Park S. Inverse association of daily fermented soybean paste (“Jang”) intake with metabolic syndrome risk, especially body fat and hypertension, in men of a large hospital-based cohort. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1122945. [PMID: 36992908 PMCID: PMC10040601 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1122945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionJang is a fermented soybean paste containing salt and is traditionally used as a substitute for salt to enhance the flavor of foods in Korea. It has been speculated that regular consumption of Jang may lower the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). We hypothesized that Jang intake was associated with the risk of MetS and its components after adjusting for potential confounders, including sodium intake. The hypothesis was investigated according to gender in a large city hospital-based cohort (n = 58,701) in Korea.MethodsJang intake, calculated as the sum of the intakes of Chungkookjang, Doenjang, Doenjang soup, and Ssamjang (a mixture of Doenjang and Kochujang), was included in the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ) administered to the cohort, and the daily Jang intake was estimated. The participants were categorized into low-Jang and high-Jang groups by 1.9 g daily Jang intake. MetS was defined according to 2005 revised United States National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria modified for Asians.ResultsThe participants in the low-Jang and high-Jang groups consumed an average of 0.63 g and 4.63 g Jang daily; their total sodium intake was about 1.91 and 2.58 g/day, respectively. The participants in the high-Jang group had higher energy, fiber, calcium, vitamin C, vitamin D, and potassium intake than those in the low-Jang group. After adjusting for covariates, the participants with the highest sodium intake (≥3.31 g/day) were positively associated with MetS risk in the quintiles of men and women. Among the MetS components, waist circumference, fat mass, and hypo-high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterolemia were positively associated with sodium intake in all participants and women. Unlike the association seen with sodium intake, Jang intake (≥1.9 g/day) was inversely associated with MetS components, including waist circumference, fat mass, serum glucose concentrations, and hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia in all participants and men, after adjusting for covariates including sodium intake.DiscussionSubstituting salt for Jang in cooking may be recommended to prevent and alleviate MetS incidence, and its efficacy for MetS risk was better in men than women. The results can be applied to sodium intake in Asian countries where salt is used to promote flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ji Jeong
- Department of R&D, Sunchang Research Center for Fermentation Microbes, Sunchang-Gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jong Yang
- Department of R&D, Sunchang Research Center for Fermentation Microbes, Sunchang-Gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Gun Yang
- Department of R&D, Sunchang Research Center for Fermentation Microbes, Sunchang-Gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Seon Ryu
- Department of R&D, Sunchang Research Center for Fermentation Microbes, Sunchang-Gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwangsu Ha
- Department of R&D, Sunchang Research Center for Fermentation Microbes, Sunchang-Gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Yeon Jeong
- Department of R&D, Sunchang Research Center for Fermentation Microbes, Sunchang-Gun, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Do Yeon Jeong,
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
- Sunmin Park,
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Does Better Diet Quality Offset the Association between Depression and Metabolic Syndrome? Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041060. [PMID: 36839420 PMCID: PMC9962849 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that depression increases the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is often exacerbated by the fact that both exist concurrently. People with depression are more likely to have unhealthy eating habits, which can eventually trigger the development of MetS. This study was to investigate whether diet quality modifies the association between depression and MetS in a total of 13,539 Korean adults aged 19 to 80 from 2014, 2016 and 2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Depression was assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and subjects were divided into subgroups according to the PHQ-9 scores: normal (<5), mild (5-9), and moderate-to-severe (≥10) groups. Diet quality was measured by the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI). A complex sample multiple logistic regression stratified by tertiles of KHEI scores was used to explore whether diet quality modifies an association between depression severity and metabolic syndrome. Depression severity was positively associated with the risk of MetS (p trend = 0.006) after adjustment for potential confounders. Only the lowest diet quality, moderately-to-severely depressed group, showed a higher risk of MetS (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.24-2.40) compared to the normal group. Our results suggest that healthy diet quality could offset the positive relationship between depression and MetS in the general Korean adult population. Encouraging a healthy diet regime can improve not only physical health but also the mental state of the general public.
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27
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Angeles-Agdeppa I, Toledo MB, Dariagan JMS, Zamora JAT. Development of Phil-HEI and its evaluation of the Filipino diet: 2018 Expanded National Nutrition Survey. NFS JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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28
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Chun H, Oh J, Doo M. The Risk of Cardiovascular Disease According to Chewing Status Could Be Modulated by Healthy Diet in Middle-Aged Koreans. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183849. [PMID: 36145225 PMCID: PMC9502299 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess whether a healthy diet could change the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related chewing difficulty (CD) in relation to age distribution. In a cross-sectional study of 9411 middle-aged Koreans from the KNHANES VII. In this study, the Framingham 10-year general CVD risk prediction equations and the Korean Heathy Eating index (KHEI) were used to assess the 10-year estimated risk of CVD and dietary quality, respectively. CD was experienced by 16.7% of the total subjects. Among subjects with CD, the 10-year estimated CVD risk was 8.71% of the subjects in the 30−49 years age group and 30.38% of those in the 50−64 years age group, which is a difference of approximately 3.5 times. Regardless of age distribution, the total score of the KHEI in subjects who had CD was significantly lower than in those who had no CD (NCD) (p = 0.004 for the 30−49 years age group and p < 0.001 for the 50−64 years age group, respectively). Among the subjects with poor KHEI in the 30−49-year age group, the adjusted odds ratio for the 10-year estimated CVD risk of the subjects with CD was 2.204-fold (95% CI = 1.385−3.506) higher using NCD as a reference. The findings showed that dietary quality could modify the risk for CVD according to chewing status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Chun
- Department of Family Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Korea
| | - Jongchul Oh
- Department of Mathematics, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Korea
| | - Miae Doo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-469-4631; Fax: +82-63-469-2085
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29
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Hwang SY, Jang JH, Park JE. Association between Healthy Lifestyle (Diet Quality, Physical Activity, Normal Body Weight) and Periodontal Diseases in Korean Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073871. [PMID: 35409556 PMCID: PMC8998121 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between healthy lifestyle (HLS; i.e., diet quality, physical activity, normal weight) and periodontal diseases in Korean adults. Studying this association may help inform future intervention programs aimed at preventing the development of periodontal diseases. Raw data of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VII (2016–2018) were used. Data from 12,689 adults aged 19 years and over who had a periodontal examination were analyzed. The associations between HLS and periodontal diseases were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression after adjusting for demographic and health factors as covariates. We found that each of the HLS (diet quality, physical activity, normal body weight) practices was significantly associated with periodontal diseases (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.13–1.55; OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.04–1.30; OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.14–1.40, respectively). In particular, having poor HLS practices was identified as a risk factor for periodontal diseases (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.10–2.15). HLS was associated with periodontal diseases. Thus, in addition to improving oral hygiene—the primary focus in the past—improving HLS should be emphasized for patients with periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yeon Hwang
- Research Institute for Future Medical Science, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong 30099, Korea
| | - Jong-Hwa Jang
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Korea
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