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Jung DY, Park SM, Lim GH, Seo KW, Oh YI, Youn HY. Assessment of MMP-9 and clinical characteristics in dogs with tracheal collapse based on cough severity and fluoroscopic findings: a cross-sectional study. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:52. [PMID: 38341543 PMCID: PMC10858467 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03872-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tracheal collapse (TC), a common disease in dogs, is characterized by cough; however, little is known about the serum biomarkers that can objectively evaluate the severity of cough in canine TC. Furthermore, studies elucidating the relationship of fluoroscopic characteristics with the severity of cough are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between cough severity and clinical characteristics, fluoroscopic images, and new serum biomarkers in canine TC. RESULTS Fifty-one client-owned dogs diagnosed with TC based on fluoroscopic and clinical signs were enrolled in this study and divided into three groups according to the severity of cough (grade of cough: 0, 1, and 2). Signalments, comorbidities, and fluoroscopic characteristics were compared among the groups retrospectively. The serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), interleukin-6 (IL-6), surfactant protein-A (SP-A), and syndecan-1 (SDC-1) levels were measured in all groups. No significant differences in age, breed, sex, or clinical history were observed among the groups. Concomitant pharyngeal collapse increased significantly with the severity of cough (p = .031). Based on the fluoroscopic characteristics, the TC grade of the carinal region increased significantly and consistently with the grade of cough (p = .03). The serum MMP-9 level was significantly higher in the grade 2 group than that in the grade 0 group (p = .014). The serum IL-6 level was significantly lower in the grade 1 group than that in the grade 0 group (p = .020). The serum SP-A and SDC-1 levels did not differ significantly among the groups. CONCLUSIONS The severity of cough with the progression of TC can be predicted with the fluoroscopic TC grade at the carinal region. MMP-9 may be used as an objective serum biomarker that represents cough severity to understand the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yeon Jung
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 00826, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Min Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 00826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Hyun Lim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 00826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Won Seo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 00826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-In Oh
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hwa-Young Youn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 00826, Republic of Korea.
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2
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de Tapia L, García-Fojeda B, Kronqvist N, Johansson J, Casals C. The collectin SP-A and its trimeric recombinant fragment protect alveolar epithelial cells from the cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects of human cathelicidin in vitro. Front Immunol 2022; 13:994328. [PMID: 36105805 PMCID: PMC9464622 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.994328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cathelicidin (LL-37) is a defense peptide with antimicrobial activity against various pathogens. However, LL-37 can also trigger tissue injury by binding to host cell membranes. The cytotoxic effects of LL-37 may be especially relevant in chronic respiratory diseases characterized by increased LL-37. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the human collectin SP-A and a trimeric recombinant fragment thereof (rfhSP-A) can regulate the activities of LL-37. To this end, we studied the interaction of LL-37 with SP-A and rfhSP-A by intrinsic fluorescence, dynamic light scattering, and circular dichroism, as well as the effects of these proteins on the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of LL-37. Both SP-A and rfhSP-A bound LL-37 with high affinity at physiological ionic strength (KD = 0.45 ± 0.01 nM for SP-A and 1.22 ± 0.7 nM for rfhSP-A). Such interactions result in the reduction of LL-37-induced cell permeability and IL-8 release in human pneumocytes, mediated by P2X7 channels. Binding of LL-37 to SP-A did not modify the properties of SP-A or the antibacterial activity of LL-37 against respiratory pathogens (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae). SP-A/LL-37 complexes showed a greater ability to aggregate LPS vesicles than LL-37, which reduces endotoxin bioactivity. These results reveal the protective role of native SP-A in controlling LL-37 activities and suggest a potential therapeutic effect of rfhSP-A in reducing the cytotoxic and inflammatory actions of LL-37, without affecting its microbicidal activity against Gram-negative pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia de Tapia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén García-Fojeda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nina Kronqvist
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Neo, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Neo, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Cristina Casals
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Cristina Casals,
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3
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Flores-Torres AS, Samarasinghe AE. Impact of Therapeutics on Unified Immunity During Allergic Asthma and Respiratory Infections. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:852067. [PMID: 35386652 PMCID: PMC8974821 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.852067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Patients with allergic asthma, the most prevalent asthma endotype, are widely considered to possess a defective immune response against some respiratory infectious agents, including viruses, bacteria and fungi. Furthermore, respiratory pathogens are associated with asthma development and exacerbations. However, growing data suggest that the immune milieu in allergic asthma may be beneficial during certain respiratory infections. Immunomodulatory asthma treatments, although beneficial, should then be carefully prescribed to avoid misuse and overuse as they can also alter the host microbiome. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent evidence of the correlations between allergic asthma and the most significant respiratory infectious agents that have a role in asthma pathogenesis. We also discuss the implications of current asthma therapeutics beyond symptom prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando S. Flores-Torres
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Amali E. Samarasinghe
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Amali E. Samarasinghe
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4
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Effect of a Nutritional Support System to Increase Survival and Reduce Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 in Stage III and Comorbidities: A Blinded Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031172. [PMID: 35162195 PMCID: PMC8835093 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 evolution depends on immunological capacity. The global hospital mortality rate is 15–20%, but in México it is 46%. There are several therapeutic protocols, however, integral nutrition is not considered. In this study, a Nutritional Support System (NSS) was employed to increase survival and reduce mortality in patients with stage III COVID-19. A randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial was performed. Eighty patients (aged 30 to 75 years, both sexes) were assigned to (1) “Control Group” (CG) hospital diet and medical treatment or (2) “Intervention Group” (IG) hospital diet, medical treatment, and the NSS (vitamins, minerals, fiber, omega-3, amino acids, B-complex, and probiotics). IG significantly increased survival and reduced mortality compared to CG (p = 0.027). IG decreased progression to Mechanical Ventilation Assistance (MVA) by 10%, reduced the intubation period by 15 days, and increased survival in intubated patients by 38% compared to CG. IG showed improvement compared to CG in decrease in supplemental oxygen (p = 0.014), the qSOFA test (p = 0.040), constipation (p = 0.014), the PHQ-9 test (p = 0.003), and in the follow-up, saturation with oxygen (p = 0.030). The NSS increases survival and decreases mortality in patients with stage III COVID-19.
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5
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Ivanušec A, Šribar J, Križaj I. Secreted Phospholipases A 2 - not just Enzymes: Revisited. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:873-888. [PMID: 35002531 PMCID: PMC8741859 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.68093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s) participate in a very broad spectrum of biological processes through their enzymatic activity and as ligands for membrane and soluble receptors. The physiological roles of sPLA2s as enzymes have been very well described, while their functions as ligands are still poorly known. Since the last overview of sPLA2-binding proteins (sPLA2-BPs) 10 years ago, several important discoveries have occurred in this area. New and more sensitive analytical tools have enabled the discovery of additional sPLA2-BPs, which are presented and critically discussed here. The structural diversity of sPLA2-BPs reveals sPLA2s as very promiscuous proteins, and we offer some structural explanations for this nature that makes these proteins evolutionarily highly advantageous. Three areas of physiological engagement of sPLA2-BPs have appeared most clearly: cellular transport and signalling, and regulation of the enzymatic activity of sPLA2s. Due to the multifunctionality of sPLA2s, they appear to be exceptional pharmacological targets. We reveal the potential to exploit interactions of sPLA2s with other proteins in medical terms, for the development of original diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. We conclude this survey by suggesting the priority questions that need to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrijan Ivanušec
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Šribar
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor Križaj
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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6
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Su X, You X, Luo H, Liang K, Chen L, Tian W, Ye Z, He J. Community-Acquired Respiratory Distress Syndrome Toxin: Unique Exotoxin for M. pneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:766591. [PMID: 34867898 PMCID: PMC8640204 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.766591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection often causes respiratory diseases in humans, particularly in children and adults with atypical pneumonia and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and is often exacerbated by co-infection with other lung diseases, such as asthma, bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder. Community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome toxin (CARDS TX) is the only exotoxin produced by M. pneumoniae and has been extensively studied for its ADP-ribosyltransferase (ADPRT) activity and cellular vacuolization properties. Additionally, CARDS TX induces inflammatory responses, resulting in cell swelling, nuclear lysis, mucus proliferation, and cell vacuolization. CARDS TX enters host cells by binding to the host receptor and is then reverse transported to the endoplasmic reticulum to exert its pathogenic effects. In this review, we focus on the structural characteristics, functional activity, distribution and receptors, mechanism of cell entry, and inflammatory response of CARDS TX was examined. Overall, the findings of this review provide a theoretical basis for further investigation of the mechanism of M. pneumoniae infection and the development of clinical diagnosis and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Su
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaoxing You
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Haodang Luo
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Keying Liang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Li Chen
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wei Tian
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zufeng Ye
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jun He
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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7
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Dy ABC, Langlais PR, Barker NK, Addison KJ, Tanyaratsrisakul S, Boitano S, Christenson SA, Kraft M, Meyers D, Bleecker ER, Li X, Ledford JG. Myeloid-associated differentiation marker is a novel SP-A-associated transmembrane protein whose expression on airway epithelial cells correlates with asthma severity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23392. [PMID: 34862427 PMCID: PMC8642528 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02869-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein A (SP-A) is well-known for its protective role in pulmonary immunity. Previous studies from our group have shown that SP-A mediates eosinophil activities, including degranulation and apoptosis. In order to identify potential binding partners on eosinophils for SP-A, eosinophil lysates were subjected to SP-A pull-down and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis. We identified one membrane-bound protein, myeloid-associated differentiation marker (MYADM), as a candidate SP-A binding partner. Blocking MYADM on mouse and human eosinophils ex vivo prevented SP-A from inducing apoptosis; blocking MYADM in vivo led to increased persistence of eosinophilia and airway hyper-responsiveness in an ovalbumin (OVA) allergy model and increased airways resistance and mucus production in a house dust mite (HDM) asthma model. Examination of a subset of participants in the Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP) cohort revealed a significant association between epithelial expression of MYADM in asthma patients and parameters of airway inflammation, including: peripheral blood eosinophilia, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and the number of exacerbations in the past 12 months. Taken together, our studies provide the first evidence of MYADM as a novel SP-A-associated protein that is necessary for SP-A to induce eosinophil apoptosis and we bring to light the potential importance of this previously unrecognized transmembrane protein in patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alane Blythe C Dy
- Clinical Translational Sciences, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Paul R Langlais
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Natalie K Barker
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Kenneth J Addison
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | | | - Scott Boitano
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Stephanie A Christenson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94117, USA
| | - Monica Kraft
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Deborah Meyers
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Eugene R Bleecker
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Xingnan Li
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Julie G Ledford
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
- , 1230 N Cherry Avenue, BSRL Building, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA.
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8
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Pederson WP, Cyphert-Daly JM, Tighe RM, Que LG, Ledford JG. Genetic variation in surfactant protein-A2 alters responses to ozone. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247504. [PMID: 33617569 PMCID: PMC7899376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased exposure to Ozone (O3) is associated with adverse health effects in individuals afflicted with respiratory diseases. Surfactant protein-A (SP-A), encoded by SP-A1 and SP-A2, is the largest protein component in pulmonary surfactant and is functionally impaired by O3-oxidation. OBJECTIVE We used humanized SP-A2 transgenic mice with allelic variation corresponding to a glutamine (Q) to lysine (K) amino acid substitution at position 223 in the lectin domain to determine the impact of this genetic variation in regards to O3 exposure. METHODS Mice were exposed to 2ppm O3 or Filtered Air (FA) for 3 hours and 24 hrs post-challenge pulmonary function tests and other parameters associated with inflammation were assessed in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung tissue. Additionally, mouse tracheal epithelial cells were cultured and TEER measurements recorded for each genotype to determine baseline epithelial integrity. RESULTS Compared to FA, O3 exposure led to significantly increased sensitivity to methacholine challenge in all groups of mice. SP-A2 223Q variant mice were significantly protected from O3-induced AHR compared to SP-A-/- and SP-A2 223K mice. Neutrophilia was observed in all genotypes of mice post O3-exposure, however, SP-A2 223Q mice had a significantly lower percentage of neutrophils compared to SP-A-/- mice. Albumin levels in BAL were unchanged in O3-exposed SP-A2 223Q mice compared to their FA controls, while levels were significantly increased in all other genotypes of O3-exposed mice. SP-A 223Q MTECS has significant higher TEER values than all other genotypes, and WT MTECS has significantly higher TEER than the SP-A KO and SP-A 223K MTECS. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, our study suggests that expression of a glutamine (Q) as position 223 in SP-A2, as opposed to expression of lysine (K), is more protective in acute exposures to ozone and results in attenuated O3-induced AHR, neutrophilia, and vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P. Pederson
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jaime M. Cyphert-Daly
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Tighe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Loretta G. Que
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Julie G. Ledford
- Asthma and Airways Disease Research Center, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
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9
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Amatya S, Ye M, Yang L, Gandhi CK, Wu R, Nagourney B, Floros J. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Interactions of the Surfactant Protein Genes Associated With Respiratory Distress Syndrome Susceptibility in Preterm Infants. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:682160. [PMID: 34671583 PMCID: PMC8521105 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.682160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), due to surfactant deficiency in preterm infants, is the most common cause of respiratory morbidity. The surfactant proteins (SFTP) genetic variants have been well-studied in association with RDS; however, the impact of SNP-SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) interactions on RDS has not been addressed. Therefore, this study utilizes a newer statistical model to determine the association of SFTP single SNP model and SNP-SNP interactions in a two and a three SNP interaction model with RDS susceptibility. Methods: This study used available genotype and clinical data in the Floros biobank at Penn State University. The patients consisted of 848 preterm infants, born <36 weeks of gestation, with 477 infants with RDS and 458 infants without RDS. Seventeen well-studied SFTPA1, SFTPA2, SFTPB, SFTPC, and SFTPD SNPs were investigated. Wang's statistical model was employed to test and identify significant associations in a case-control study. Results: Only the rs17886395 (C allele) of the SFTPA2 was associated with protection for RDS in a single-SNP model (Odd's Ratio 0.16, 95% CI 0.06-0.43, adjusted p = 0.03). The highest number of interactions (n = 27) in the three SNP interactions were among SFTPA1 and SFTPA2. The three SNP models showed intergenic and intragenic interactions among all SFTP SNPs except SFTPC. Conclusion: The single SNP model and SNP interactions using the two and three SNP interactions models identified SFTP-SNP associations with RDS. However, the large number of significant associations containing SFTPA1 and/or SFTPA2 SNPs point to the importance of SFTPA1 and SFTPA2 in RDS susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaili Amatya
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Meixia Ye
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Yang
- School of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chintan K Gandhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Rongling Wu
- Public Health Science, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Beth Nagourney
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joanna Floros
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States.,Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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10
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Depicolzuane L, Phelps DS, Floros J. Surfactant Protein-A Function: Knowledge Gained From SP-A Knockout Mice. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:799693. [PMID: 35071140 PMCID: PMC8777267 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.799693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant proteins have many roles in surfactant- related functions and innate immunity. One of these proteins is the surfactant protein A (SP-A) that plays a role in both surfactant-related processes and host defense and is the focus in this review. SP-A interacts with the sentinel host defense cell in the alveolus, the alveolar macrophage (AM), to modulate its function and expression profile under various conditions, as well as other alveolar epithelial cells such as the Type II cell. Via these interactions, SP-A has an impact on the alveolar microenvironment. SP-A is also important for surfactant structure and function. Much of what is understood of the function of SP-A and its various roles in lung health has been learned from SP-A knockout (KO) mouse experiments, as reviewed here. A vast majority of this work has been done with infection models that are bacterial, viral, and fungal in nature. Other models have also been used, including those of bleomycin-induced lung injury and ozone-induced oxidative stress either alone or in combination with an infectious agent, bone marrow transplantation, and other. In addition, models investigating the effects of SP-A on surfactant components or surfactant structure have contributed important information. SP-A also appears to play a role in pathways involved in sex differences in response to infection and/or oxidative stress, as well as at baseline conditions. To date, this is the first review to provide a comprehensive report of the functions of SP-A as learned through KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joanna Floros
- Departments of Pediatrics, Hershey, PA, United States.,Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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11
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Francisco D, Wang Y, Conway M, Hurbon AN, Dy ABC, Addison KJ, Chu HW, Voelker DR, Ledford JG, Kraft M. Surfactant Protein-A Protects against IL-13-Induced Inflammation in Asthma. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 204:2829-2839. [PMID: 32245819 PMCID: PMC7304346 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The lung surfactant proteins are recognized as critical not only for their role in lowering lung surface tension but also in innate host defense. Reports have shown that some asthmatic patients have decreased levels of one member of this protein family in particular, surfactant protein-A (SP-A). Our studies set out to determine the contribution of SP-A to the response of a key effector cytokine in asthma, IL-13. Our studies employ both animal models sufficient and deficient in SP-A challenged with IL-13 and primary epithelial cells from participants with asthma that are exogenously treated with SP-A in the context of IL-13 challenge. The inflammatory response and mucin production were assessed in both model systems. As compared with WT mice, we show that the activity of IL-13 is dramatically augmented in SP-A-/- mice, which have significantly increased neutrophil and eosinophil recruitment, mucin production and asthma-associated cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In parallel, we show asthma-associated factors are attenuated in human cells from asthma subjects when exogenous SP-A is added during IL-13 challenge. Although many of these phenotypes have previously been associated with STAT6 signaling, SP-A inhibited IL-13-induced STAT3 phosphorylation in mice and in human epithelial cells while having little effect on STAT6 phosphorylation. In addition, when either STAT3 or IL-6 were inhibited in mice, the phenotypes observed in SP-A-/- mice were significantly attenuated. These studies suggest a novel mechanism for SP-A in asthma as a modulator of IL-13-induced inflammation via mediating downstream IL-6/STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Francisco
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, Tucson, AZ 85724
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27707
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, Tucson, AZ 85724
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27707
| | - Michelle Conway
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719
| | | | - Alane B C Dy
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Kenneth J Addison
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, Tucson, AZ 85724
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27707
| | - Hong W Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206; and
| | - Dennis R Voelker
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206; and
| | - Julie G Ledford
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, Tucson, AZ 85724;
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27707
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719
| | - Monica Kraft
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719;
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, Tucson, AZ 85724
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27707
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12
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Dy ABC, Arif MZ, Addison KJ, Que LG, Boitano S, Kraft M, Ledford JG. Genetic Variation in Surfactant Protein-A2 Delays Resolution of Eosinophilia in Asthma. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:1122-1130. [PMID: 31350355 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant protein-A (SP-A) is an important mediator of pulmonary immunity. A specific genetic variation in SP-A2, corresponding to a glutamine (Q) to lysine (K) amino acid substitution at position 223 of the lectin domain, was shown to alter the ability of SP-A to inhibit eosinophil degranulation. Because a large subgroup of asthmatics have associated eosinophilia, often accompanied by inflammation associated with delayed clearance, our goal was to define how SP-A mediates eosinophil resolution in allergic airways and whether genetic variation affects this activity. Wild-type, SP-A knockout (SP-A KO) and humanized (SP-A2 223Q/Q, SP-A2 223K/K) C57BL/6 mice were challenged in an allergic OVA model, and parameters of inflammation were examined. Peripheral blood eosinophils were isolated to assess the effect of SP-A genetic variation on apoptosis and chemotaxis. Five days postchallenge, SP-A KO and humanized SP-A2 223K/K mice had persistent eosinophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared with wild-type and SP-A2 223Q/Q mice, suggesting an impairment in eosinophil resolution. In vitro, human SP-A containing either the 223Q or the 223K allele was chemoattractant for eosinophils whereas only 223Q resulted in decreased eosinophil viability. Our results suggest that SP-A aids in the resolution of allergic airway inflammation by promoting eosinophil clearance from lung tissue through chemotaxis, independent of SP-A2 Q223K, and by inducing apoptosis of eosinophils, which is altered by the polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alane Blythe C Dy
- Clinical Translational Sciences, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ 85721.,Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Muhammad Z Arif
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Kenneth J Addison
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, Tucson, AZ 85724.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Loretta G Que
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710; and
| | - Scott Boitano
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, Tucson, AZ 85724.,Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Monica Kraft
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, Tucson, AZ 85724.,Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Julie G Ledford
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, Tucson, AZ 85724; .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
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13
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Younis US, Vallorz E, Addison KJ, Ledford JG, Myrdal PB. Preformulation and Evaluation of Tofacitinib as a Therapeutic Treatment for Asthma. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:167. [PMID: 30993508 PMCID: PMC6818719 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Preformulation studies on tofacitinib citrate, a small molecule JAK3 specific inhibitor, have not been previously reported in literature. We therefore conducted several preformulation studies on tofacitinib citrate, and its free base, to better understand factors that affect its solubility, stability, and solid-state characteristics. Further, the results of the preformulation studies helped facilitate the development of a nebulized formulation of tofacitinib citrate for inhalational delivery to house dust mite allergen-challenged, BALB/c mice as a potential treatment for eosinophilic asthma. The preformulation results indicated tofacitinib having a basic pKa of 5.2, with its stability dependent on pH, ionic strength, and temperature. Degradation of tofacitinib follows apparent first-order kinetics. In order to maximize stability of the drug, ionic strength and temperature should be minimized, with an optimal range pH between 2.0 and 5.0. Additionally, our findings demonstrate that tofacitinib citrate can successfully be nebulized at a suitable droplet size for inhalation (1.2 ± 0.2 μm MMAD) through a nose-only chamber. Animals dosed with tofacitinib citrate demonstrated marked reductions in BAL eosinophils and total protein concentrations following HDM challenge. These data suggest that tofacitinib citrate represents the potential to be an effective therapy for eosinophilic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usir S Younis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
- Biosciences Research Laboratories (BSRL) Building, 1230 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, Arizona, 85719, USA.
| | - Ernest Vallorz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Kenneth J Addison
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Julie G Ledford
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Asthma and Airways Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Paul B Myrdal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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