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Ikrin AN, Moskalenko AM, Mukhamadeev RR, de Abreu MS, Kolesnikova TO, Kalueff AV. The emerging complexity of molecular pathways implicated in mouse self-grooming behavior. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 127:110840. [PMID: 37580009 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Rodent self-grooming is an important complex behavior, and its deficits are translationally relevant to a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we analyzed a comprehensive dataset of 227 genes whose mutations are known to evoke aberrant self-grooming in mice. Using these genes, we constructed the network of their established protein-protein interactions (PPI), yielding several distinct molecular clusters related to postsynaptic density, the Wnt signaling, transcription factors, neuronal cell cycle, NOS neurotransmission, microtubule regulation, neuronal differentiation/trafficking, neurodevelopment and mitochondrial function. Utilizing further bioinformatics analyses, we also identified novel central ('hub') proteins within these clusters, whose genes may also be implicated in aberrant self-grooming and other repetitive behaviors in general. Untangling complex molecular pathways of this important behavior using in silico approaches contributes to our understanding of related neurological disorders, and may suggest novel potential targets for their pharmacological or gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey N Ikrin
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia; Neuroscience Department, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
| | - Anastasia M Moskalenko
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia; Neuroscience Department, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
| | - Radmir R Mukhamadeev
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics and Genomics, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia; Neuroscience Department, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
| | - Murilo S de Abreu
- Moscow Institute of Science and Technology, Dolgoprudny 197028, Russia.
| | - Tatiana O Kolesnikova
- Neuroscience Department, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- Neuroscience Department, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi 354340, Russia; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia; Laboratory of Preclinical Bioscreening, Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Pesochny 197758, Russia; Neuroscience Group, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia; Laboratory of Translational Biopsychiatry, Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia.
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2
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Bansode AH, Bhoopal B, Gollapelli KK, Damuka N, Krizan I, Miller M, Craft S, Mintz A, Solingapuram Sai KK. Binding Parameters of [ 11C]MPC-6827, a Microtubule-Imaging PET Radiopharmaceutical in Rodents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:495. [PMID: 37111252 PMCID: PMC10140836 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Impairment and/or destabilization of neuronal microtubules (MTs) resulting from hyper-phosphorylation of the tau proteins is implicated in many pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease and other neurological disorders. Increasing scientific evidence indicates that MT-stabilizing agents protect against the deleterious effects of neurodegeneration in treating AD. To quantify these protective benefits, we developed the first brain-penetrant PET radiopharmaceutical, [11C]MPC-6827, for in vivo quantification of MTs in rodent and nonhuman primate models of AD. Mechanistic insights revealed from recently reported studies confirm the radiopharmaceutical's high selectivity for destabilized MTs. To further translate it to clinical settings, its metabolic stability and pharmacokinetic parameters must be determined. Here, we report in vivo plasma and brain metabolism studies establishing the radiopharmaceutical-binding constants of [11C]MPC-6827. Binding constants were extrapolated from autoradiography experiments; pretreatment with a nonradioactive MPC-6827 decreased the brain uptake >70%. It exhibited ideal binding characteristics (typical of a CNS radiopharmaceutical) including LogP (2.9), Kd (15.59 nM), and Bmax (11.86 fmol/mg). Most important, [11C]MPC-6827 showed high serum and metabolic stability (>95%) in rat plasma and brain samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash H. Bansode
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | | | | | - Naresh Damuka
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Ivan Krizan
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Mack Miller
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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3
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The interconnection of endoplasmic reticulum and microtubule and its implication in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1670-1677. [PMID: 36860342 PMCID: PMC9968982 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and microtubule (MT) network form extensive contact with each other and their interconnection plays a pivotal role in ER maintenance and distribution as well as MT stability. The ER participates in a variety of biological processes including protein folding and processing, lipid biosynthesis, and Ca2+ storage. MTs specifically regulate cellular architecture, provide routes for transport of molecules or organelles, and mediate signaling events. The ER morphology and dynamics are regulated by a class of ER shaping proteins, which also provide the physical contact structure for linking of ER and MT. In addition to these ER-localized and MT-binding proteins, specific motor proteins and adaptor-linking proteins also mediate bidirectional communication between the two structures. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the structure and function of ER-MT interconnection. We further highlight the morphologic factors which coordinate the ER-MT network and maintain the normal physiological function of neurons, with their defect causing neurodegenerative diseases such as Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP). These findings promote our understanding of the pathogenesis of HSP and provide important therapeutic targets for treatment of these diseases.
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4
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Tubulin Cytoskeleton in Neurodegenerative Diseases–not Only Primary Tubulinopathies. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022:10.1007/s10571-022-01304-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases represent a large group of disorders characterized by gradual loss of neurons and functions of the central nervous systems. Their course is usually severe, leading to high morbidity and subsequent inability of patients to independent functioning. Vast majority of neurodegenerative diseases is currently untreatable, and only some symptomatic drugs are available which efficacy is usually very limited. To develop novel therapies for this group of diseases, it is crucial to understand their pathogenesis and to recognize factors which can influence the disease course. One of cellular structures which dysfunction appears to be relatively poorly understood in the light of neurodegenerative diseases is tubulin cytoskeleton. On the other hand, its changes, both structural and functional, can considerably influence cell physiology, leading to pathological processes occurring also in neurons. In this review, we summarize and discuss dysfunctions of tubulin cytoskeleton in various neurodegenerative diseases different than primary tubulinopathies (caused by mutations in genes encoding the components of the tubulin cytoskeleton), especially Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, prion diseases, and neuronopathic mucopolysaccharidoses. It is also proposed that correction of these disorders might attenuate the progress of specific diseases, thus, finding newly recognized molecular targets for potential drugs might become possible.
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5
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Katsura K, Nakano Y, Zhang Y, Shemirani R, Li W, Den Besten P. WDR72 regulates vesicle trafficking in ameloblasts. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2820. [PMID: 35181734 PMCID: PMC8857301 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the hardest tissue in the human body, tooth enamel formation is a highly regulated process involving several stages of differentiation and key regulatory genes. One such gene, tryptophan-aspartate repeat domain 72 (WDR72), has been found to cause a tooth enamel defect when deleted or mutated, resulting in a condition called amelogenesis imperfecta. Unlike the canonical genes regulating tooth development, WDR72 remains intracellularly and is not secreted to the enamel matrix space to regulate mineralization, and is found in other major organs of the body, namely the kidney, brain, liver, and heart. To date, a link between intracellular vesicle transport and enamel mineralization has been suggested, however identification of the mechanistic regulators has yet to be elucidated, in part due to the limitations associated with studying highly differentiated ameloblast cells. Here we show compelling evidence that WDR72 regulates endocytosis of proteins, both in vivo and in a novel in vitro ameloblast cell line. We elucidate WDR72's function to be independent of intracellular vesicle acidification while still leading to defective enamel matrix pH extracellularly. We identify a vesicle function associated with microtubule assembly and propose that WDR72 directs microtubule assembly necessary for membrane mobilization and subsequent vesicle transport. Understanding WDR72 function provides a mechanistic basis for determining physiologic and pathologic tissue mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Katsura
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 521 Parnasus Ave, Box 0422, San Francisco, CA, 04143-0422, USA
| | - Yukiko Nakano
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 521 Parnasus Ave, Box 0422, San Francisco, CA, 04143-0422, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 521 Parnasus Ave, Box 0422, San Francisco, CA, 04143-0422, USA
| | - Rozana Shemirani
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 521 Parnasus Ave, Box 0422, San Francisco, CA, 04143-0422, USA
| | - Wu Li
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 521 Parnasus Ave, Box 0422, San Francisco, CA, 04143-0422, USA
| | - Pamela Den Besten
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 521 Parnasus Ave, Box 0422, San Francisco, CA, 04143-0422, USA.
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6
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Antony A, Ng N, Lauto A, Coorssen JR, Myers SJ. Calcium-Mediated Calpain Activation and Microtubule Dissociation in Cell Model of Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type-1 Expressing V144D SPTLC1 Mutation. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:225-234. [PMID: 34986032 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1A (HSN1A) is an autosomal, dominantly inherited peripheral neuropathy caused by mutations in serine palmitoyl transferase long chain 1 (SPTLC1), involved in the de novo synthesis of sphingolipids. We have previously reported calcium imbalance, as well as mitochondrial and ER stress in both HSN1 patient lymphoblasts and a transiently transfected cell model. In this study, we investigated the role of the Ca2+-activated protease calpain in destabilizing the cell cytoskeleton, by examining calpain activity in SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing the V144D mutant and changes in microtubule-associated proteins (MAP). Intramitochondrial Ca2+ was found to be significantly depleted and cytoplasmic Ca2+ increased in the V144D mutant. Subsequently, calpain and proteasome activity were increased and calpain substrates, microtubule associated proteins MAP2, and tau were significantly reduced in the microtubule fraction of the mutant. Significant changes were also found in motor proteins dynein and KIF2A detected in the microtubule fraction of cells overexpressing the V144D mutation. There was also a reduction in anterograde and retrograde mitochondrial transport velocities in the V144D mutant. These findings strongly implicate cytoskeletal aberration caused by Ca2+ dysregulation and subsequent loss of microtubule transport functions as the cause of axonal dying back that is characteristic of HSN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Antony
- Neuro-Cell Biology Laboratory and Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Neville Ng
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Keiraville, Australia
| | - Antonio Lauto
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Jens R Coorssen
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
- Department of Health Sciences and Biological Sciences, Faculties of Applied Health Sciences and Mathematics & Science, Brock University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon J Myers
- Neuro-Cell Biology Laboratory and Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
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D'Ambra E, Santini T, Vitiello E, D'Uva S, Silenzi V, Morlando M, Bozzoni I. Circ-Hdgfrp3 shuttles along neurites and is trapped in aggregates formed by ALS-associated mutant FUS. iScience 2021; 24:103504. [PMID: 34934923 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CircRNAs belong to a family of RNA molecules which are conserved in evolution, have tissue-specific expression, and are abundant in neuronal cells. Here, we define several features of circ-Hdgfrp3 and describe interesting alterations occurring in motor neurons (MNs) carrying ALS-associated FUS mutations. Through a highly sensitive in situ approach we describe that circ-Hdgfrp3 traffics along neurites, while upon oxidative stress it is retained in the perinuclear region. While in wild-type stressed MNs, circ-Hdgfrp3 localizes in stress granules (SGs), in MNs carrying mutant FUS, a higher proportion of circ-Hdgfrp3 was trapped into cytoplasmic aggregates. Upon stress removal, circ-Hdgfrp3 was easily freed from SGs whereas it was less efficiently released from FUS-aggregates. We found that the human circ-Hdgfrp3 counterpart was also similarly associated to mutant FUS-aggregates in stressed neuronal cells. Overall, the alteration of circ-Hdgfrp3 trafficking adds a further layer of complexity to the role of FUS-aggregates in ALS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora D'Ambra
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Santini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Erika Vitiello
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Center for Human Technology@ Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Sara D'Uva
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Silenzi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Morlando
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, "Department of Excellence 2018-2022", University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Irene Bozzoni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- Center for Human Technology@ Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
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8
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Quitmann CM, Rust S, Reunert J, Biskup S, Fiedler B, Marquardt T. Tubulin Folding Cofactor D Deficiency: Missing the Diagnosis With Whole Exome Sequencing. Child Neurol Open 2021; 8:2329048X211034969. [PMID: 34423067 PMCID: PMC8370890 DOI: 10.1177/2329048x211034969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two siblings with an early onset of a neurodegenerative disease were presented
with muscular hypotonia, secondary microcephaly, and severe developmental delay.
Seizures were refractory to treatment but could be controlled with a ketogenic
diet. Over the course of 5 years, whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed
twice in both children. The first time the diagnosis was missed. The next one
revealed compound heterozygous mutations in the gene coding for the tubulin
folding cofactor D. Technical improvements in WES mandated a new investigation
after a few years in children where the diagnosis has not been found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Rust
- University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Janine Reunert
- University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Saskia Biskup
- Center for Genomics and Transcriptomics, Tübingen, Germany
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Pérez-Martín E, Muñoz-Castañeda R, Moutin MJ, Ávila-Zarza CA, Muñoz-Castañeda JM, Del Pilar C, Alonso JR, Andrieux A, Díaz D, Weruaga E. Oleoylethanolamide Delays the Dysfunction and Death of Purkinje Cells and Ameliorates Behavioral Defects in a Mouse Model of Cerebellar Neurodegeneration. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1748-1767. [PMID: 33829414 PMCID: PMC8609004 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is an endocannabinoid that has been proposed to prevent neuronal damage and neuroinflammation. In this study, we evaluated the effects of OEA on the disruption of both cerebellar structure and physiology and on the behavior of Purkinje cell degeneration (PCD) mutant mice. These mice exhibit cerebellar degeneration, displaying microtubule alterations that trigger the selective loss of Purkinje cells and consequent behavioral impairments. The effects of different doses (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) and administration schedules (chronic and acute) of OEA were assessed at the behavioral, histological, cellular, and molecular levels to determine the most effective OEA treatment regimen. Our in vivo results demonstrated that OEA treatment prior to the onset of the preneurodegenerative phase prevented morphological alterations in Purkinje neurons (the somata and dendritic arbors) and decreased Purkinje cell death. This effect followed an inverted U-shaped time-response curve, with acute administration on postnatal day 12 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) being the most effective treatment regimen tested. Indeed, PCD mice that received this specific OEA treatment regimen showed improvements in motor, cognitive and social functions, which were impaired in these mice. Moreover, these in vivo neuroprotective effects of OEA were mediated by the PPARα receptor, as pretreatment with the PPARα antagonist GW6471 (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) abolished them. Finally, our in vitro results suggested that the molecular effect of OEA was related to microtubule stability and structure since OEA administration normalized some alterations in microtubule features in PCD-like cells. These findings provide strong evidence supporting the use of OEA as a pharmacological agent to limit severe cerebellar neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Pérez-Martín
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neurosciences of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz-Castañeda
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neurosciences of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marie-Jo Moutin
- GIN, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, Inserm, U121638000, Grenoble, France
| | - Carmelo A Ávila-Zarza
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Statistics, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José M Muñoz-Castañeda
- Department of Theoretical, Atomic and Optical Physics, University of Valladolid, 47071, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carlos Del Pilar
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neurosciences of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José R Alonso
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neurosciences of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Annie Andrieux
- GIN, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, Inserm, U121638000, Grenoble, France
| | - David Díaz
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neurosciences of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Weruaga
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neurosciences of Castile and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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10
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Franke K, Bublak P, Hoyer D, Billiet T, Gaser C, Witte OW, Schwab M. In vivo biomarkers of structural and functional brain development and aging in humans. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 117:142-164. [PMID: 33308708 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Brain aging is a major determinant of aging. Along with the aging population, prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing, therewith placing economic and social burden on individuals and society. Individual rates of brain aging are shaped by genetics, epigenetics, and prenatal environmental. Biomarkers of biological brain aging are needed to predict individual trajectories of aging and the risk for age-associated neurological impairments for developing early preventive and interventional measures. We review current advances of in vivo biomarkers predicting individual brain age. Telomere length and epigenetic clock, two important biomarkers that are closely related to the mechanistic aging process, have only poor deterministic and predictive accuracy regarding individual brain aging due to their high intra- and interindividual variability. Phenotype-related biomarkers of global cognitive function and brain structure provide a much closer correlation to age at the individual level. During fetal and perinatal life, autonomic activity is a unique functional marker of brain development. The cognitive and structural biomarkers also boast high diagnostic specificity for determining individual risks for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Franke
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - P Bublak
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - D Hoyer
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - C Gaser
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - O W Witte
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - M Schwab
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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11
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Mol MO, Wong TH, Melhem S, Basu S, Viscusi R, Galjart N, Rozemuller AJ, Fallini C, Landers JE, Kaat LD, Seelaar H, van Rooij JG, van Swieten JC. Novel TUBA4A Variant Associated With Familial Frontotemporal Dementia. Neurol Genet 2021; 7:e596. [PMID: 34169147 PMCID: PMC8221227 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the strong genetic component of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), a substantial proportion of patients remain genetically unresolved. We performed an in-depth study of a family with an autosomal dominant form of FTD to investigate the underlying genetic cause. METHODS Following clinical and pathologic characterization of the family, genetic studies included haplotype sharing analysis and exome sequencing. Subsequently, we performed immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and a microtubule repolymerization assay to investigate the potential impact of the candidate variant in tubulin alpha 4a (TUBA4A). RESULTS The clinical presentation in this family is heterogeneous, including behavioral changes, parkinsonian features, and uncharacterized dementia. Neuropathologic examination of 2 patients revealed TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology with abundant dystrophic neurites and neuronal intranuclear inclusions, consistent with frontotemporal lobar degeneration-TDP type A. We identified a likely pathogenic variant in TUBA4A segregating with disease. TUBA4A encodes for α-tubulin, which is a major component of the microtubule network. Variants in TUBA4A have been suggested as a rare genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and have sporadically been reported in patients with FTD without supporting genetic segregation. A decreased trend of TUBA4A protein abundance was observed in patients compared with controls, and a microtubule repolymerization assay demonstrated disrupted α-tubulin function. As opposed to variants found in ALS, TUBA4A variants associated with FTD appear more localized to the N-terminus, indicating different pathogenic mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the role of TUBA4A variants as rare genetic cause of familial FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shamiram Melhem
- From the Department of Neurology (M.O.M., T.H.W., S.M., L.D.K., H.S.,
J.G.J.v.R., J.C.v.S.), and Department of Cell Biology (S.B., R.V., N.G.),
Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Pathology (A.J.M.R.), Amsterdam
University Medical Center, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the
Netherlands; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (C.F.), University of
Rhode Island, Kingston; Department of Neurology (J.E.L.), University of
Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; and Department of Clinical Genetics
(L.D.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sreya Basu
- From the Department of Neurology (M.O.M., T.H.W., S.M., L.D.K., H.S.,
J.G.J.v.R., J.C.v.S.), and Department of Cell Biology (S.B., R.V., N.G.),
Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Pathology (A.J.M.R.), Amsterdam
University Medical Center, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the
Netherlands; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (C.F.), University of
Rhode Island, Kingston; Department of Neurology (J.E.L.), University of
Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; and Department of Clinical Genetics
(L.D.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Viscusi
- From the Department of Neurology (M.O.M., T.H.W., S.M., L.D.K., H.S.,
J.G.J.v.R., J.C.v.S.), and Department of Cell Biology (S.B., R.V., N.G.),
Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Pathology (A.J.M.R.), Amsterdam
University Medical Center, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the
Netherlands; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (C.F.), University of
Rhode Island, Kingston; Department of Neurology (J.E.L.), University of
Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; and Department of Clinical Genetics
(L.D.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Niels Galjart
- From the Department of Neurology (M.O.M., T.H.W., S.M., L.D.K., H.S.,
J.G.J.v.R., J.C.v.S.), and Department of Cell Biology (S.B., R.V., N.G.),
Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Pathology (A.J.M.R.), Amsterdam
University Medical Center, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the
Netherlands; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (C.F.), University of
Rhode Island, Kingston; Department of Neurology (J.E.L.), University of
Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; and Department of Clinical Genetics
(L.D.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annemieke J.M. Rozemuller
- From the Department of Neurology (M.O.M., T.H.W., S.M., L.D.K., H.S.,
J.G.J.v.R., J.C.v.S.), and Department of Cell Biology (S.B., R.V., N.G.),
Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Pathology (A.J.M.R.), Amsterdam
University Medical Center, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the
Netherlands; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (C.F.), University of
Rhode Island, Kingston; Department of Neurology (J.E.L.), University of
Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; and Department of Clinical Genetics
(L.D.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia Fallini
- From the Department of Neurology (M.O.M., T.H.W., S.M., L.D.K., H.S.,
J.G.J.v.R., J.C.v.S.), and Department of Cell Biology (S.B., R.V., N.G.),
Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Pathology (A.J.M.R.), Amsterdam
University Medical Center, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the
Netherlands; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (C.F.), University of
Rhode Island, Kingston; Department of Neurology (J.E.L.), University of
Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; and Department of Clinical Genetics
(L.D.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John E. Landers
- From the Department of Neurology (M.O.M., T.H.W., S.M., L.D.K., H.S.,
J.G.J.v.R., J.C.v.S.), and Department of Cell Biology (S.B., R.V., N.G.),
Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Pathology (A.J.M.R.), Amsterdam
University Medical Center, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the
Netherlands; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (C.F.), University of
Rhode Island, Kingston; Department of Neurology (J.E.L.), University of
Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; and Department of Clinical Genetics
(L.D.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Donker Kaat
- From the Department of Neurology (M.O.M., T.H.W., S.M., L.D.K., H.S.,
J.G.J.v.R., J.C.v.S.), and Department of Cell Biology (S.B., R.V., N.G.),
Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Pathology (A.J.M.R.), Amsterdam
University Medical Center, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the
Netherlands; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (C.F.), University of
Rhode Island, Kingston; Department of Neurology (J.E.L.), University of
Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; and Department of Clinical Genetics
(L.D.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harro Seelaar
- From the Department of Neurology (M.O.M., T.H.W., S.M., L.D.K., H.S.,
J.G.J.v.R., J.C.v.S.), and Department of Cell Biology (S.B., R.V., N.G.),
Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Pathology (A.J.M.R.), Amsterdam
University Medical Center, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the
Netherlands; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (C.F.), University of
Rhode Island, Kingston; Department of Neurology (J.E.L.), University of
Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; and Department of Clinical Genetics
(L.D.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen G.J. van Rooij
- From the Department of Neurology (M.O.M., T.H.W., S.M., L.D.K., H.S.,
J.G.J.v.R., J.C.v.S.), and Department of Cell Biology (S.B., R.V., N.G.),
Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Pathology (A.J.M.R.), Amsterdam
University Medical Center, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the
Netherlands; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (C.F.), University of
Rhode Island, Kingston; Department of Neurology (J.E.L.), University of
Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; and Department of Clinical Genetics
(L.D.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John C. van Swieten
- From the Department of Neurology (M.O.M., T.H.W., S.M., L.D.K., H.S.,
J.G.J.v.R., J.C.v.S.), and Department of Cell Biology (S.B., R.V., N.G.),
Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; Department of Pathology (A.J.M.R.), Amsterdam
University Medical Center, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, the
Netherlands; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (C.F.), University of
Rhode Island, Kingston; Department of Neurology (J.E.L.), University of
Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester; and Department of Clinical Genetics
(L.D.K.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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12
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Dubey T, Chinnathambi S. Photodynamic sensitizers modulate cytoskeleton structural dynamics in neuronal cells. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2021; 78:232-248. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Dubey
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences CSIR‐National Chemical Laboratory Pune India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences CSIR‐National Chemical Laboratory Pune India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
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13
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HIV influences microtubule associated protein-2: potential marker of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. AIDS 2020; 34:979-988. [PMID: 32073448 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postmortem brains of patients diagnosed with HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) exhibit loss of dendrites. However, the mechanisms by which synapses are damaged are not fully understood. DESIGN Dendrite length and remodeling occurs via microtubules, the dynamics of which are regulated by microtubule-binding proteins, including microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2). The HIV protein gp120 is neurotoxic and interferes with neuronal microtubules. We measured MAP2 concentrations in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and MAP2 immunoreactivity in rat cortical neurons exposed to HIV and gp120. METHODS First, we examined whether HIV affects MAP2 levels by analyzing the CSF of 27 persons living with HIV (PLH) whose neurocognitive performance had been characterized. We then used rat cortical neurons to study the mechanisms of HIV-mediated dendritic loss. RESULTS PLH who had HAND had greater MAP2 concentrations within the CSF than cognitive normal PLH. In cortical neurons, the deleterious effect of HIV on MAP2-positive dendrites occurred through a gp120-mediated mechanism. The neurotoxic effect of HIV was blocked by a CCR5 antagonist and prevented by Helix-A, a peptide that displaces gp120 from binding to microtubules, conjugated to a nanolipoprotein particle delivery platform. CONCLUSION Our findings support that HIV at least partially effects its neurotoxicity via neuronal cytoskeleton modifications and provide evidence of a new therapeutic compound that could be used to prevent the HIV-associated neuropathology.
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14
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Summary-Based Methylome-Wide Association Analyses Suggest Potential Genetically Driven Epigenetic Heterogeneity of Alzheimer's Disease. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051489. [PMID: 32429084 PMCID: PMC7290473 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with no curative treatment available. Exploring the genetic and non-genetic contributors to AD pathogenesis is essential to better understand its underlying biological mechanisms, and to develop novel preventive and therapeutic strategies. We investigated potential genetically driven epigenetic heterogeneity of AD through summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR), which combined results from our previous genome-wide association analyses with those from two publicly available methylation quantitative trait loci studies of blood and brain tissue samples. We found that 152 probes corresponding to 113 genes were epigenetically associated with AD at a Bonferroni-adjusted significance level of 5.49E-07. Of these, 10 genes had significant probes in both brain-specific and blood-based analyses. Comparing males vs. females and hypertensive vs. non-hypertensive subjects, we found that 22 and 79 probes had group-specific associations with AD, respectively, suggesting a potential role for such epigenetic modifications in the heterogeneous nature of AD. Our analyses provided stronger evidence for possible roles of four genes (i.e., AIM2, C16orf80, DGUOK, and ST14) in AD pathogenesis as they were also transcriptionally associated with AD. The identified associations suggest a list of prioritized genes for follow-up functional studies and advance our understanding of AD pathogenesis.
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15
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Kwon Y, Jeon YW, Kwon M, Cho Y, Park D, Shin JE. βPix-d promotes tubulin acetylation and neurite outgrowth through a PAK/Stathmin1 signaling pathway. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230814. [PMID: 32251425 PMCID: PMC7135283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are a major cytoskeletal component of neurites, and the regulation of microtubule stability is essential for neurite morphogenesis. βPix (ARHGEF7) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the small GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42, which modulate the organization of actin filaments and microtubules. βPix is expressed as alternatively spliced variants, including the ubiquitous isoform βPix-a and the neuronal isoforms βPix-b and βPix-d, but the function of the neuronal isoforms remains unclear. Here, we reveal the novel role of βPix neuronal isoforms in regulating tubulin acetylation and neurite outgrowth. At DIV4, hippocampal neurons cultured from βPix neuronal isoform knockout (βPix-NIKO) mice exhibit defects in neurite morphology and tubulin acetylation, a type of tubulin modification which often labels stable microtubules. Treating βPix-NIKO neurons with paclitaxel, which stabilizes the microtubules, or reintroducing either neuronal βPix isoform to the KO neurons overcomes the impairment in neurite morphology and tubulin acetylation, suggesting that neuronal βPix isoforms may promote microtubule stabilization during neurite development. βPix-NIKO neurons also exhibit lower phosphorylation levels for Stathmin1, a microtubule-destabilizing protein, at Ser16. Expressing either βPix neuronal isoform in the βPix-NIKO neurons restores Stathmin1 phosphorylation levels, with βPix-d having a greater effect than βPix-b. Furthermore, we find that the recovery of neurite length and Stathmin1 phosphorylation via βPix-d expression requires PAK kinase activity. Taken together, our study demonstrates that βPix-d regulates the phosphorylation of Stathmin1 in a PAK-dependent manner and that neuronal βPix isoforms promote tubulin acetylation and neurite morphogenesis during neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghee Kwon
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Won Jeon
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjae Kwon
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongcheol Cho
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongeun Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Shin
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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16
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Martuscello RT, Kerridge CA, Chatterjee D, Hartstone WG, Kuo SH, Sims PA, Louis ED, Faust PL. Gene expression analysis of the cerebellar cortex in essential tremor. Neurosci Lett 2019; 721:134540. [PMID: 31707044 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common neurological diseases, with a central feature of an 8-12 Hz kinetic tremor. While previous postmortem studies have identified a cluster of morphological changes in the ET cerebellum centered in/around the Purkinje cell (PC) population, including a loss of PCs in some studies, the underlying molecular mechanisms for these changes are not clear. As genomic studies of ET patients have yet to identify major genetic contributors and animal models that fully recapitulate the human disease do not yet exist, the study of human tissue is currently the most applicable method to gain a mechanistic insight into ET disease pathogenesis. To begin exploration of an underlying molecular source of ET disease pathogenesis, we have performed the first transcriptomic analysis by direct sequencing of RNA from frozen cerebellar cortex tissue in 33 ET patients compared to 21 normal controls. Principal component analysis showed a heterogenous distribution of the expression data in ET patients that only partially overlapped with control patients. Differential expression analysis identified 231 differentially expressed gene transcripts ('top gene hits'), a subset of which has defined expression profiles in the cerebellum across neuronal and glial cell types but a largely unknown relationship to cerebellar function and/or ET pathogenesis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified dysregulated pathways of interest and stratified dysregulation among ET cases. By GSEA and mining curated databases, we compiled major categories of dysregulated processes and clustered string networks of known interacting proteins. Here we demonstrate that these 'top gene hits' contribute to regulation of four main biological processes, which are 1) axon guidance, 2) microtubule motor activity, 3) endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to Golgi transport and 4) calcium signaling/synaptic transmission. The results of our transcriptomic analysis suggest there is a range of different processes involved among ET cases, and draws attention to a particular set of genes and regulatory pathways that provide an initial platform to further explore the underlying biology of ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina T Martuscello
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 630 W 168th Street, P&S 15-405, New York, NY, USA; College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Chloë A Kerridge
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 630 W 168th Street, P&S 15-405, New York, NY, USA; College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Debotri Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 630 W 168th Street, P&S 15-405, New York, NY, USA; College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Whitney G Hartstone
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 630 W 168th Street, P&S 15-405, New York, NY, USA; College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 W 168th Street, BB302, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Peter A Sims
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 W 168th Street, BB302, New York, NY, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, 3960 Broadway, RM208, New York, NY, USA; Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University Medical Center, 1150 St. Nicholas Ave., New York, NY, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, 701 W 168th Street, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Elan D Louis
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, 15 York Street, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, 15 York Street, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, 15 York Street, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Phyllis L Faust
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 630 W 168th Street, P&S 15-405, New York, NY, USA; College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, USA.
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17
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Maraldi T, Beretti F, Anselmi L, Franchin C, Arrigoni G, Braglia L, Mandrioli J, Vinceti M, Marmiroli S. Influence of selenium on the emergence of neuro tubule defects in a neuron-like cell line and its implications for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurotoxicology 2019; 75:209-220. [PMID: 31585128 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of the axonal transport system mediated by intracellular microtubules (MTs) is known to be a major drawback in neurodegenerative processes. Due to a growing interest on the neurotoxic effects of selenium in environmental health, our study aimed to assess the relationship between selenium and MTs perturbation, that may favour disease onset over a genetic predisposition to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We treated a neuron-like cell line with sodium selenite, sodium selenate and seleno-methionine and observed that the whole cytoskeleton was affected. We then investigated the protein interactome of cells overexpressing αTubulin-4A (TUBA4A) and found that selenium increases the interaction of TUBA4A with DNA- and RNA-binding proteins. TUBA4A ubiquitination and glutathionylation were also observed, possibly due to a selenium-dependent increase of ROS, leading to perturbation and degradation of MTs. Remarkably, the TUBA4A mutants R320C and A383 T, previously described in ALS patients, showed the same post-translational modifications to a similar extent. In conclusion this study gives insights into a specific mechanism characterizing selenium neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tullia Maraldi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
| | - Francesca Beretti
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
| | - Laura Anselmi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41125, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Franchin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via G. Basso 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy; Proteomics Center, University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, via G. Orus 2/B, 35129, Padova, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via G. Basso 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy; Proteomics Center, University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, via G. Orus 2/B, 35129, Padova, Italy.
| | - Luca Braglia
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41125, Italy.
| | - Jessica Mandrioli
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy.
| | - Marco Vinceti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41125, Italy; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
| | - Sandra Marmiroli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41125, Italy.
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18
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Liao YC, Fernandopulle MS, Wang G, Choi H, Hao L, Drerup CM, Patel R, Qamar S, Nixon-Abell J, Shen Y, Meadows W, Vendruscolo M, Knowles TPJ, Nelson M, Czekalska MA, Musteikyte G, Gachechiladze MA, Stephens CA, Pasolli HA, Forrest LR, St George-Hyslop P, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Ward ME. RNA Granules Hitchhike on Lysosomes for Long-Distance Transport, Using Annexin A11 as a Molecular Tether. Cell 2019; 179:147-164.e20. [PMID: 31539493 PMCID: PMC6890474 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Long-distance RNA transport enables local protein synthesis at metabolically-active sites distant from the nucleus. This process ensures an appropriate spatial organization of proteins, vital to polarized cells such as neurons. Here, we present a mechanism for RNA transport in which RNA granules "hitchhike" on moving lysosomes. In vitro biophysical modeling, live-cell microscopy, and unbiased proximity labeling proteomics reveal that annexin A11 (ANXA11), an RNA granule-associated phosphoinositide-binding protein, acts as a molecular tether between RNA granules and lysosomes. ANXA11 possesses an N-terminal low complexity domain, facilitating its phase separation into membraneless RNA granules, and a C-terminal membrane binding domain, enabling interactions with lysosomes. RNA granule transport requires ANXA11, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-associated mutations in ANXA11 impair RNA granule transport by disrupting their interactions with lysosomes. Thus, ANXA11 mediates neuronal RNA transport by tethering RNA granules to actively-transported lysosomes, performing a critical cellular function that is disrupted in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guozhen Wang
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Heejun Choi
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Seema Qamar
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jonathon Nixon-Abell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - William Meadows
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | | | | | - Greta Musteikyte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter St George-Hyslop
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medicine (Division of Neurology), University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H2, Canada
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19
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Abraham Z, Hawley E, Hayosh D, Webster-Wood VA, Akkus O. Kinesin and Dynein Mechanics: Measurement Methods and Research Applications. J Biomech Eng 2019; 140:2654261. [PMID: 28901373 DOI: 10.1115/1.4037886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Motor proteins play critical roles in the normal function of cells and proper development of organisms. Among motor proteins, failings in the normal function of two types of proteins, kinesin and dynein, have been shown to lead many pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. As such, it is critical to researchers to understand the underlying mechanics and behaviors of these proteins, not only to shed light on how failures may lead to disease, but also to guide research toward novel treatment and nano-engineering solutions. To this end, many experimental techniques have been developed to measure the force and motility capabilities of these proteins. This review will (a) discuss such techniques, specifically microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), optical trapping, and magnetic tweezers, and (b) the resulting nanomechanical properties of motor protein functions such as stalling force, velocity, and dependence on adenosine triphosophate (ATP) concentrations will be comparatively discussed. Additionally, this review will highlight the clinical importance of these proteins. Furthermore, as the understanding of the structure and function of motor proteins improves, novel applications are emerging in the field. Specifically, researchers have begun to modify the structure of existing proteins, thereby engineering novel elements to alter and improve native motor protein function, or even allow the motor proteins to perform entirely new tasks as parts of nanomachines. Kinesin and dynein are vital elements for the proper function of cells. While many exciting experiments have shed light on their function, mechanics, and applications, additional research is needed to completely understand their behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Abraham
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Emma Hawley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Daniel Hayosh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Victoria A Webster-Wood
- Mem. ASME Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 e-mail:
| | - Ozan Akkus
- Mem. ASME Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
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20
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Xu A, Zhang Z, Ko SH, Fisher AL, Liu Z, Chen L. Microtubule regulators act in the nervous system to modulate fat metabolism and longevity through DAF-16 in C. elegans. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12884. [PMID: 30638295 PMCID: PMC6413656 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule (MT) regulation is involved in both neuronal function and the maintenance of neuronal structure, and MT dysregulation appears to be a general downstream indicator and effector of age‐related neurodegeneration. But the role of MTs in natural aging is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate a role of MT regulators in regulating longevity. We find that loss of EFA‐6, a modulator of MT dynamics, can delay both neuronal aging and extend the lifespan of C. elegans. Through the use of genetic mutants affecting other MT‐regulating genes in C. elegans, we find that loss of MT stabilizing genes (including ptrn‐1 and ptl‐1) shortens lifespan, while loss of MT destabilizing gene hdac‐6 extends lifespan. Via the use of tissue‐specific transgenes, we further show that these MT regulators can act in the nervous system to modulate lifespan. Through RNA‐seq analyses, we found that genes involved in lipid metabolism were differentially expressed in MT regulator mutants, and via the use of Nile Red and Oil Red O staining, we show that the MT regulator mutants have altered fat storage. We further find that the increased fat storage and extended lifespan of the long‐lived MT regulator mutants are dependent on the DAF‐16/FOXO transcription factor. Our results suggest that neuronal MT status might affect organismal aging through DAF‐16‐regulated changes in fat metabolism, and therefore, MT‐based therapies might represent a novel intervention to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Xu
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies; San Antonio Texas
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy; UTHSCSA; San Antonio Texas
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine; UTHSCSA; San Antonio Texas
| | - Su-Hyuk Ko
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies; San Antonio Texas
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy; UTHSCSA; San Antonio Texas
- Department of Molecular Medicine; UTHSCSA; San Antonio Texas
| | - Alfred L. Fisher
- Center for Healthy Aging; UTHSCSA; San Antonio Texas
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine; UTHSCSA; San Antonio Texas
- GRECC, South Texas VA Healthcare System; San Antonio Texas
| | - Zhijie Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine; UTHSCSA; San Antonio Texas
| | - Lizhen Chen
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies; San Antonio Texas
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy; UTHSCSA; San Antonio Texas
- Department of Molecular Medicine; UTHSCSA; San Antonio Texas
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21
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Wenzel ED, Avdoshina V, Mocchetti I. HIV-associated neurodegeneration: exploitation of the neuronal cytoskeleton. J Neurovirol 2019; 25:301-312. [PMID: 30850975 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-019-00737-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) infection of the central nervous system damages synapses and promotes axonal injury, ultimately resulting in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). The mechanisms through which HIV causes damage to neurons are still under investigation. The cytoskeleton and associated proteins are fundamental for axonal and dendritic integrity. In this article, we review evidence that HIV proteins, such as the envelope protein gp120 and transactivator of transcription (Tat), impair the structure and function of the neuronal cytoskeleton. Investigation into the effects of viral proteins on the neuronal cytoskeleton may provide a better understanding of HIV neurotoxicity and suggest new avenues for additional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Wenzel
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Valeria Avdoshina
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Italo Mocchetti
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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22
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Magiera MM, Bodakuntla S, Žiak J, Lacomme S, Marques Sousa P, Leboucher S, Hausrat TJ, Bosc C, Andrieux A, Kneussel M, Landry M, Calas A, Balastik M, Janke C. Excessive tubulin polyglutamylation causes neurodegeneration and perturbs neuronal transport. EMBO J 2018; 37:e100440. [PMID: 30420556 PMCID: PMC6276888 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications of tubulin are emerging regulators of microtubule functions. We have shown earlier that upregulated polyglutamylation is linked to rapid degeneration of Purkinje cells in mice with a mutation in the deglutamylating enzyme CCP1. How polyglutamylation leads to degeneration, whether it affects multiple neuron types, or which physiological processes it regulates in healthy neurons has remained unknown. Here, we demonstrate that excessive polyglutamylation induces neurodegeneration in a cell-autonomous manner and can occur in many parts of the central nervous system. Degeneration of selected neurons in CCP1-deficient mice can be fully rescued by simultaneous knockout of the counteracting polyglutamylase TTLL1. Excessive polyglutamylation reduces the efficiency of neuronal transport in cultured hippocampal neurons, suggesting that impaired cargo transport plays an important role in the observed degenerative phenotypes. We thus establish polyglutamylation as a cell-autonomous mechanism for neurodegeneration that might be therapeutically accessible through manipulation of the enzymes that control this posttranslational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Magiera
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3348, PSL Research University, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Satish Bodakuntla
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3348, PSL Research University, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Jakub Žiak
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Sabrina Lacomme
- Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patricia Marques Sousa
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3348, PSL Research University, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Leboucher
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3348, PSL Research University, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Torben J Hausrat
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christophe Bosc
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Inserm U1216, Grenoble, France
| | - Annie Andrieux
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Inserm U1216, Grenoble, France
| | - Matthias Kneussel
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc Landry
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR5297, Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - André Calas
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR5297, Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Martin Balastik
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Carsten Janke
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3348, PSL Research University, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
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23
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Gebre AK, Altaye BM, Atey TM, Tuem KB, Berhe DF. Targeting Renin-Angiotensin System Against Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:440. [PMID: 29760662 PMCID: PMC5937164 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) is a hormonal system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance through a coordinated action of renal, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems. In addition to its hemodynamic regulatory role, RAS involves in many brain activities, including memory acquisition and consolidation. This review has summarized the involvement of RAS in the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and the outcomes of treatment with RAS inhibitors. We have discussed the effect of brain RAS in the amyloid plaque (Aβ) deposition, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and vascular pathology which are directly and indirectly associated with AD. Angiotensin II (AngII) via AT1 receptor is reported to increase brain Aβ level via different mechanisms including increasing amyloid precursor protein (APP) mRNA, β-secretase activity, and presenilin expression. Similarly, it was associated with tau phosphorylation, and reactive oxygen species generation. However, these effects are counterbalanced by Ang II mediated AT2 signaling. The protective effect observed with angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) could be as the result of inhibition of Ang II signaling. ARBs also offer additional benefit by shifting the effect of Ang II toward AT2 receptor. To conclude, targeting RAS in the brain may benefit patients with AD though it still requires further in depth understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abadi Kahsu Gebre
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Birhanetensay Masresha Altaye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfay Mehari Atey
- Clinical Pharmacy Unit, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Kald Beshir Tuem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Derbew Fikadu Berhe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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24
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Xu AH, Yang Y, Sun YX, Zhang CD. Exogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor attenuates cognitive impairment induced by okadaic acid in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:2173-2181. [PMID: 30323150 PMCID: PMC6199930 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.241471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, and a typical pathological change in Alzheimer's disease is neurofibrillary tangles caused by hyperphosphorylation of tau. An in vivo model of Alzheimer's disease was developed by injecting okadaic acid (2 μL) and exogenous BDNF (2 μL) into the hippocampi of adult male Wister rats. Spatial learning and memory abilities were assessed using the Morris water maze. The expression levels of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), PP2Ac-Yp307, p-tau (Thr231), and p-tau (Ser396/404) were detected by western blot assay. The expression levels of BDNF, TrkB, and synaptophysin mRNA were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our results indicated that BDNF expression was suppressed in the hippocampus of OA-treated rats, which resulted in learning and memory deficits. Intra-hippocampal injection of BDNF attenuated this OA-induced cognitive impairment. Finally, our findings indicated an involvement of the PI3K/GSK-3β/AKT pathway in the mechanism of BDNF in regulating cognitive function. These results indicate that BDNF has beneficial effect on Alzheimer's disease, and highlight the potential of BDNF as a drug target for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hua Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yong-Xin Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chao-Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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25
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Avdoshina V, Caragher SP, Wenzel ED, Taraballi F, Mocchetti I, Harry GJ. The viral protein gp120 decreases the acetylation of neuronal tubulin: potential mechanism of neurotoxicity. J Neurochem 2017; 141:606-613. [PMID: 28295345 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope protein gp120 promotes axonal damage and neurite pruning, similar to that observed in HIV-positive subjects with neurocognitive disorders. Thus, gp120 has been used to examine molecular and cellular pathways underlying HIV-mediated neuronal dysfunction. Gp120 binds to tubulin beta III, a component of neuronal microtubules. Microtubule function, which modulates the homeostasis of neurons, is regulated by polymerization and post-translational modifications. Based on these considerations, we tested the hypothesis that gp120 induces dynamic instability of neuronal microtubules. We first observed that gp120 prevents the normal polymerization of tubulin in vitro. We then tested whether gp120 alters the post-translational modifications in tubulin by examining the ability of gp120 to change the levels of acetylated tubulin in primary rat neuronal cultures. Gp120 elicited a time-dependent decrease in tubulin acetylation that was reversed by Helix-A peptide, a compound that competitively displaces the binding of gp120 to neuronal microtubules. To determine whether post-translational modifications in tubulin also occur in vivo, we measured acetylated tubulin in the cerebral cortex of HIV transgenic rats (HIV-tg). We observed a decrease in tubulin acetylation in 5- and 9-month-old HIV-tg rats when compared to age-matched wild type. Neither changes in microglia morphology nor alterations in mRNA levels for interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α were detected in 5-month-old animals. Our findings propose neuronal microtubule instability as a novel mechanism of HIV neurotoxicity, without evidence of enhanced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Avdoshina
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Washington, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Seamus P Caragher
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Washington, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Erin D Wenzel
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Washington, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Washington, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Italo Mocchetti
- Laboratory of Preclinical Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Washington, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Gaylia Jean Harry
- National Toxicology Program Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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26
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Ditamo Y, Dentesano YM, Purro SA, Arce CA, Bisig CG. Post-Translational Incorporation of L-Phenylalanine into the C-Terminus of α-Tubulin as a Possible Cause of Neuronal Dysfunction. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38140. [PMID: 27905536 PMCID: PMC5131269 DOI: 10.1038/srep38140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Tubulin C-terminus undergoes post-translational, cyclic tyrosination/detyrosination, and L-Phenylalanine (Phe) can be incorporated in place of tyrosine. Using cultured mouse brain-derived cells and an antibody specific to Phe-tubulin, we showed that: (i) Phe incorporation into tubulin is reversible; (ii) such incorporation is not due to de novo synthesis; (iii) the proportion of modified tubulin is significant; (iv) Phe incorporation reduces cell proliferation without affecting cell viability; (v) the rate of neurite retraction declines as level of C-terminal Phe incorporation increases; (vi) this inhibitory effect of Phe on neurite retraction is blocked by the co-presence of tyrosine; (vii) microtubule dynamics is reduced when Phe-tubulin level in cells is high as a result of exogenous Phe addition and returns to normal values when Phe is removed; moreover, microtubule dynamics is also reduced when Phe-tubulin is expressed (plasmid transfection). It is known that Phe levels are greatly elevated in blood of phenylketonuria (PKU) patients. The molecular mechanism underlying the brain dysfunction characteristic of PKU is unknown. Beyond the differences between human and mouse cells, it is conceivable the possibility that Phe incorporation into tubulin is the first event (or among the initial events) in the molecular pathways leading to brain dysfunctions that characterize PKU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanina Ditamo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC-CONICET, and Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Yanela M Dentesano
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC-CONICET, and Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Silvia A Purro
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC-CONICET, and Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Arce
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC-CONICET, and Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - C Gastón Bisig
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC-CONICET, and Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
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27
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Flex E, Niceta M, Cecchetti S, Thiffault I, Au MG, Capuano A, Piermarini E, Ivanova AA, Francis JW, Chillemi G, Chandramouli B, Carpentieri G, Haaxma CA, Ciolfi A, Pizzi S, Douglas GV, Levine K, Sferra A, Dentici ML, Pfundt RR, Le Pichon JB, Farrow E, Baas F, Piemonte F, Dallapiccola B, Graham JM, Saunders CJ, Bertini E, Kahn RA, Koolen DA, Tartaglia M. Biallelic Mutations in TBCD, Encoding the Tubulin Folding Cofactor D, Perturb Microtubule Dynamics and Cause Early-Onset Encephalopathy. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:962-973. [PMID: 27666370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are dynamic cytoskeletal elements coordinating and supporting a variety of neuronal processes, including cell division, migration, polarity, intracellular trafficking, and signal transduction. Mutations in genes encoding tubulins and microtubule-associated proteins are known to cause neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Growing evidence suggests that altered microtubule dynamics may also underlie or contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegeneration. We report that biallelic mutations in TBCD, encoding one of the five co-chaperones required for assembly and disassembly of the αβ-tubulin heterodimer, the structural unit of microtubules, cause a disease with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative features characterized by early-onset cortical atrophy, secondary hypomyelination, microcephaly, thin corpus callosum, developmental delay, intellectual disability, seizures, optic atrophy, and spastic quadriplegia. Molecular dynamics simulations predicted long-range and/or local structural perturbations associated with the disease-causing mutations. Biochemical analyses documented variably reduced levels of TBCD, indicating relative instability of mutant proteins, and defective β-tubulin binding in a subset of the tested mutants. Reduced or defective TBCD function resulted in decreased soluble α/β-tubulin levels and accelerated microtubule polymerization in fibroblasts from affected subjects, demonstrating an overall shift toward a more rapidly growing and stable microtubule population. These cells displayed an aberrant mitotic spindle with disorganized, tangle-shaped microtubules and reduced aster formation, which however did not alter appreciably the rate of cell proliferation. Our findings establish that defective TBCD function underlies a recognizable encephalopathy and drives accelerated microtubule polymerization and enhanced microtubule stability, underscoring an additional cause of altered microtubule dynamics with impact on neuronal function and survival in the developing brain.
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28
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Clark JA, Yeaman EJ, Blizzard CA, Chuckowree JA, Dickson TC. A Case for Microtubule Vulnerability in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Altered Dynamics During Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:204. [PMID: 27679561 PMCID: PMC5020100 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an aggressive multifactorial disease converging on a common pathology: the degeneration of motor neurons (MNs), their axons and neuromuscular synapses. This vulnerability and dysfunction of MNs highlights the dependency of these large cells on their intracellular machinery. Neuronal microtubules (MTs) are intracellular structures that facilitate a myriad of vital neuronal functions, including activity dependent axonal transport. In ALS, it is becoming increasingly apparent that MTs are likely to be a critical component of this disease. Not only are disruptions in this intracellular machinery present in the vast majority of seemingly sporadic cases, recent research has revealed that mutation to a microtubule protein, the tubulin isoform TUBA4A, is sufficient to cause a familial, albeit rare, form of disease. In both sporadic and familial disease, studies have provided evidence that microtubule mediated deficits in axonal transport are the tipping point for MN survivability. Axonal transport deficits would lead to abnormal mitochondrial recycling, decreased vesicle and mRNA transport and limited signaling of key survival factors from the neurons peripheral synapses, causing the characteristic peripheral "die back". This disruption to microtubule dependant transport in ALS has been shown to result from alterations in the phenomenon of microtubule dynamic instability: the rapid growth and shrinkage of microtubule polymers. This is accomplished primarily due to aberrant alterations to microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) that regulate microtubule stability. Indeed, the current literature would argue that microtubule stability, particularly alterations in their dynamics, may be the initial driving force behind many familial and sporadic insults in ALS. Pharmacological stabilization of the microtubule network offers an attractive therapeutic strategy in ALS; indeed it has shown promise in many neurological disorders, ALS included. However, the pathophysiological involvement of MTs and their functions is still poorly understood in ALS. Future investigations will hopefully uncover further therapeutic targets that may aid in combating this awful disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayden A Clark
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Elise J Yeaman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Catherine A Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Jyoti A Chuckowree
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Tracey C Dickson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania Hobart, TAS, Australia
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29
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Marchisella F, Coffey ET, Hollos P. Microtubule and microtubule associated protein anomalies in psychiatric disease. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2016; 73:596-611. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marchisella
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology; Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku; Finland
| | - Eleanor T. Coffey
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology; Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku; Finland
| | - Patrik Hollos
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology; Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku; Finland
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30
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Kovalevich J, Cornec AS, Yao Y, James M, Crowe A, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ, Smith AB, Ballatore C, Brunden KR. Characterization of Brain-Penetrant Pyrimidine-Containing Molecules with Differential Microtubule-Stabilizing Activities Developed as Potential Therapeutic Agents for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Tauopathies. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 357:432-50. [PMID: 26980057 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.231175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule (MT)-stabilizing protein tau disengages from MTs and forms intracellular inclusions known as neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies. Reduced tau binding to MTs in tauopathies may contribute to neuronal dysfunction through decreased MT stabilization and disrupted axonal transport. Thus, the introduction of brain-penetrant MT-stabilizing compounds might normalize MT dynamics and axonal deficits in these disorders. We previously described a number of phenylpyrimidines and triazolopyrimidines (TPDs) that induce tubulin post-translational modifications indicative of MT stabilization. We now further characterize the biologic properties of these small molecules, and our results reveal that these compounds can be divided into two general classes based on the cellular response they evoke. One group composed of the phenylpyrimidines and several TPD examples showed a bell-shaped concentration-response effect on markers of MT stabilization in cellular assays. Moreover, these compounds induced proteasome-dependent degradation of α- and β-tubulin and caused altered MT morphology in both dividing cells and neuron cultures. In contrast, a second group comprising a subset of TPD molecules (TPD+) increased markers of stable MTs in a concentration-dependent manner in dividing cells and in neurons without affecting total tubulin levels or disrupting MT architecture. Moreover, an example TPD+ compound was shown to increase MTs in a neuron culture model with induced tau hyperphosphorylation and associated MT deficits. Several TPD+ compounds were shown to be both brain penetrant and orally bioavailable, and a TPD+ example increased MT stabilization in the mouse brain, making these compounds potential candidate therapeutics for neurodegenerative tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Kovalevich
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.K., A.-S.C., Y.Y., M.J., V.M.-Y.L., J.Q.T., C.B., K.R.B.); and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.-S.C., A.B.S., C.B.)
| | - Anne-Sophie Cornec
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.K., A.-S.C., Y.Y., M.J., V.M.-Y.L., J.Q.T., C.B., K.R.B.); and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.-S.C., A.B.S., C.B.)
| | - Yuemang Yao
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.K., A.-S.C., Y.Y., M.J., V.M.-Y.L., J.Q.T., C.B., K.R.B.); and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.-S.C., A.B.S., C.B.)
| | - Michael James
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.K., A.-S.C., Y.Y., M.J., V.M.-Y.L., J.Q.T., C.B., K.R.B.); and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.-S.C., A.B.S., C.B.)
| | - Alexander Crowe
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.K., A.-S.C., Y.Y., M.J., V.M.-Y.L., J.Q.T., C.B., K.R.B.); and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.-S.C., A.B.S., C.B.)
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.K., A.-S.C., Y.Y., M.J., V.M.-Y.L., J.Q.T., C.B., K.R.B.); and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.-S.C., A.B.S., C.B.)
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.K., A.-S.C., Y.Y., M.J., V.M.-Y.L., J.Q.T., C.B., K.R.B.); and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.-S.C., A.B.S., C.B.)
| | - Amos B Smith
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.K., A.-S.C., Y.Y., M.J., V.M.-Y.L., J.Q.T., C.B., K.R.B.); and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.-S.C., A.B.S., C.B.)
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.K., A.-S.C., Y.Y., M.J., V.M.-Y.L., J.Q.T., C.B., K.R.B.); and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.-S.C., A.B.S., C.B.)
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.K., A.-S.C., Y.Y., M.J., V.M.-Y.L., J.Q.T., C.B., K.R.B.); and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.-S.C., A.B.S., C.B.)
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31
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Dubey J, Ratnakaran N, Koushika SP. Neurodegeneration and microtubule dynamics: death by a thousand cuts. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:343. [PMID: 26441521 PMCID: PMC4563776 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules form important cytoskeletal structures that play a role in establishing and maintaining neuronal polarity, regulating neuronal morphology, transporting cargo, and scaffolding signaling molecules to form signaling hubs. Within a neuronal cell, microtubules are found to have variable lengths and can be both stable and dynamic. Microtubule associated proteins, post-translational modifications of tubulin subunits, microtubule severing enzymes, and signaling molecules are all known to influence both stable and dynamic pools of microtubules. Microtubule dynamics, the process of interconversion between stable and dynamic pools, and the proportions of these two pools have the potential to influence a wide variety of cellular processes. Reduced microtubule stability has been observed in several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and tauopathies like Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. Hyperstable microtubules, as seen in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP), also lead to neurodegeneration. Therefore, the ratio of stable and dynamic microtubules is likely to be important for neuronal function and perturbation in microtubule dynamics might contribute to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Dubey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai, India ; InStem Bangalore, India
| | - Neena Ratnakaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai, India
| | - Sandhya P Koushika
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai, India
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32
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Caillet-Boudin ML, Buée L, Sergeant N, Lefebvre B. Regulation of human MAPT gene expression. Mol Neurodegener 2015; 10:28. [PMID: 26170022 PMCID: PMC4499907 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-015-0025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of known pathologies involving deregulated Tau expression/metabolism is increasing. Indeed, in addition to tauopathies, which comprise approximately 30 diseases characterized by neuronal aggregation of hyperphosphorylated Tau in brain neurons, this protein has also been associated with various other pathologies such as cancer, inclusion body myositis, and microdeletion/microduplication syndromes, suggesting its possible function in peripheral tissues. In addition to Tau aggregation, Tau deregulation can occur at the expression and/or splicing levels, as has been clearly demonstrated in some of these pathologies. Here, we aim to review current knowledge regarding the regulation of human MAPT gene expression at the DNA and RNA levels to provide a better understanding of its possible deregulation. Several aspects, including repeated motifs, CpG island/methylation, and haplotypes at the DNA level, as well as the key regions involved in mRNA expression and stability and the splicing patterns of different mRNA isoforms at the RNA level, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luc Buée
- Univ. Lille, UMR-S 1172, Inserm, CHU, 59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Bruno Lefebvre
- Univ. Lille, UMR-S 1172, Inserm, CHU, 59000, Lille, France
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33
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Laurens B, Constantinescu R, Freeman R, Gerhard A, Jellinger K, Jeromin A, Krismer F, Mollenhauer B, Schlossmacher MG, Shaw LM, Verbeek MM, Wenning GK, Winge K, Zhang J, Meissner WG. Fluid biomarkers in multiple system atrophy: A review of the MSA Biomarker Initiative. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 80:29-41. [PMID: 25982836 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite growing research efforts, no reliable biomarker currently exists for the diagnosis and prognosis of multiple system atrophy (MSA). Such biomarkers are urgently needed to improve diagnostic accuracy, prognostic guidance and also to serve as efficacy measures or surrogates of target engagement for future clinical trials. We here review candidate fluid biomarkers for MSA and provide considerations for further developments and harmonization of standard operating procedures. A PubMed search was performed until April 24, 2015 to review the literature with regard to candidate blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for MSA. Abstracts of 1760 studies were retrieved and screened for eligibility. The final list included 60 studies assessing fluid biomarkers in patients with MSA. Most studies have focused on alpha-synuclein, markers of axonal degeneration or catecholamines. Their results suggest that combining several CSF fluid biomarkers may be more successful than using single markers, at least for the diagnosis. Currently, the clinically most useful markers may comprise a combination of the light chain of neurofilament (which is consistently elevated in MSA compared to controls and Parkinson's disease), metabolites of the catecholamine pathway and proteins such as α-synuclein, DJ-1 and total-tau. Beyond future efforts in biomarker discovery, the harmonization of standard operating procedures will be crucial for future success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Laurens
- Service de Neurologie, CHU de Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Radu Constantinescu
- Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Roy Freeman
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Alexander Gerhard
- Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Heath, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Kurt Jellinger
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Kenyongasse 18, A-1070 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Florian Krismer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany and Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michael G Schlossmacher
- Program in Neuroscience, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Marcel M Verbeek
- Department of Neurology, Parkinson Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Parkinson Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gregor K Wenning
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kristian Winge
- Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of WA, Seattle, USA
| | - Wassilios G Meissner
- Service de Neurologie, CHU de Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; Centre de référence atrophie multisystématisée, CHU de Bordeaux, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.
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34
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Del Monte F, Agnetti G. Protein post-translational modifications and misfolding: new concepts in heart failure. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 8:534-42. [PMID: 24946239 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A new concept in the field of heart-failure (HF) research points to a role of misfolded proteins, forming preamyloid oligomers (PAOs), in cardiac toxicity. This is largely based on few studies reporting the presence of PAOs, similar to those observed in neurodegenerative diseases, in experimental and human HF. As the majority of proteinopathies are sporadic in nature, protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) likely play a major role in this growing class of diseases. In fact, PTMs are known regulators of protein folding and of the formation of amyloid species in well-established proteinopathies. Proteomics has been instrumental in identifying both chemical and enzymatic PTMs, with a potential impact on protein mis-/folding. Here we provide the basics on how proteins fold along with a few examples of PTMs known to modulate protein misfolding and aggregation, with particular focus on the heart. Due to its innovative content and the growing awareness of the toxicity of misfolded proteins, an "Alzheimer's theory of HF" is timely. Moreover, the continuous innovations in proteomic technologies will help pinpoint PTMs that could contribute to the process. This nuptial between biology and technology could greatly assist in identifying biomarkers with increased specificity as well as more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Del Monte
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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35
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Barneo-Muñoz M, Juárez P, Civera-Tregón A, Yndriago L, Pla-Martin D, Zenker J, Cuevas-Martín C, Estela A, Sánchez-Aragó M, Forteza-Vila J, Cuezva JM, Chrast R, Palau F. Lack of GDAP1 induces neuronal calcium and mitochondrial defects in a knockout mouse model of charcot-marie-tooth neuropathy. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005115. [PMID: 25860513 PMCID: PMC4393229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in GDAP1, which encodes protein located in the mitochondrial outer membrane, cause axonal recessive (AR-CMT2), axonal dominant (CMT2K) and demyelinating recessive (CMT4A) forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathy. Loss of function recessive mutations in GDAP1 are associated with decreased mitochondrial fission activity, while dominant mutations result in impairment of mitochondrial fusion with increased production of reactive oxygen species and susceptibility to apoptotic stimuli. GDAP1 silencing in vitro reduces Ca2+ inflow through store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) upon mobilization of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+, likely in association with an abnormal distribution of the mitochondrial network. To investigate the functional consequences of lack of GDAP1 in vivo, we generated a Gdap1 knockout mouse. The affected animals presented abnormal motor behavior starting at the age of 3 months. Electrophysiological and biochemical studies confirmed the axonal nature of the neuropathy whereas histopathological studies over time showed progressive loss of motor neurons (MNs) in the anterior horn of the spinal cord and defects in neuromuscular junctions. Analyses of cultured embryonic MNs and adult dorsal root ganglia neurons from affected animals demonstrated large and defective mitochondria, changes in the ER cisternae, reduced acetylation of cytoskeletal α-tubulin and increased autophagy vesicles. Importantly, MNs showed reduced cytosolic calcium and SOCE response. The development and characterization of the GDAP1 neuropathy mice model thus revealed that some of the pathophysiological changes present in axonal recessive form of the GDAP1-related CMT might be the consequence of changes in the mitochondrial network biology and mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum interaction leading to abnormalities in calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Barneo-Muñoz
- Program in Rare and Genetic Diseases and IBV/CSIC Associated Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia and Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Juárez
- Program in Rare and Genetic Diseases and IBV/CSIC Associated Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia and Madrid, Spain
| | - Azahara Civera-Tregón
- Program in Rare and Genetic Diseases and IBV/CSIC Associated Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Yndriago
- Program in Rare and Genetic Diseases and IBV/CSIC Associated Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Pla-Martin
- Program in Rare and Genetic Diseases and IBV/CSIC Associated Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia and Madrid, Spain
| | - Jennifer Zenker
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Cuevas-Martín
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia and Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Estela
- Program in Rare and Genetic Diseases and IBV/CSIC Associated Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia and Madrid, Spain
| | - María Sánchez-Aragó
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia and Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Forteza-Vila
- Program in Rare and Genetic Diseases and IBV/CSIC Associated Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto Valenciano de Patología, Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Cuezva
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia and Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roman Chrast
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesc Palau
- Program in Rare and Genetic Diseases and IBV/CSIC Associated Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia and Madrid, Spain
- University of Castilla-La Mancha School of Medicine at Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
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