1
|
Mishra S, Stany B, Das A, Kanagavel D, Vijayan M. A Comprehensive Review of Membrane Transporters and MicroRNA Regulation in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04135-2. [PMID: 38558361 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04135-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a distressing neurodegenerative condition characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and tau tangles within the brain. The interconnectedness between membrane transporters (SLCs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in AD pathogenesis has gained increasing attention. This review explores the localization, substrates, and functions of SLC transporters in the brain, emphasizing the roles of transporters for glutamate, glucose, nucleosides, and other essential compounds. The examination delves into the significance of SLCs in AD, their potential for drug development, and the intricate realm of miRNAs, encompassing their transcription, processing, functions, and regulation. MiRNAs have emerged as significant players in AD, including those associated with mitochondria and synapses. Furthermore, this review discusses the intriguing nexus of miRNAs targeting SLC transporters and their potential as therapeutic targets in AD. Finally, the review underscores the interaction between SLC transporters and miRNA regulation within the context of Alzheimer's disease, underscoring the need for further research in this area. This comprehensive review aims to shed light on the complex mechanisms underlying the causation of AD and provides insights into potential therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shatakshi Mishra
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - B Stany
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Anushka Das
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Deepankumar Kanagavel
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| | - Murali Vijayan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Paniri A, Hosseini MM, Akhavan-Niaki H. Alzheimer's Disease-Related Epigenetic Changes: Novel Therapeutic Targets. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1282-1317. [PMID: 37700216 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03626-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a significant risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), although the precise mechanism and molecular basis of AD are not yet fully understood. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, mitochondrial DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), play a role in regulating gene expression related to neuron plasticity and integrity, which are closely associated with learning and memory development. This review describes the impact of dynamic and reversible epigenetic modifications and factors on memory and plasticity throughout life, emphasizing their potential as target for therapeutic intervention in AD. Additionally, we present insight from postmortem and animal studies on abnormal epigenetics regulation in AD, as well as current strategies aiming at targeting these factors in the context of AD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Paniri
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Zoonoses Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Amol, Iran
| | | | - Haleh Akhavan-Niaki
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
- Zoonoses Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Amol, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wijesinghe P, Xi J, Cui J, Campbell M, Pham W, Matsubara JA. MicroRNAs in tear fluids predict underlying molecular changes associated with Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201757. [PMID: 36941055 PMCID: PMC10027899 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been discussed as potential biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis. As the retina is a part of the CNS, we hypothesize that miRNAs expression levels in the brain, particularly neocortex-hippocampus, eye tissues, and tear fluids are similar at different stages of AD progression. Ten miRNA candidates were systematically investigated in transgenic APP-PS1 mice, noncarrier siblings, and C57BL/6J wild-type controls at young and old ages. Relative expression levels of tested miRNAs revealed a similar pattern in both APP-PS1 mice and noncarrier siblings when compared with age- and sex-matched wild-type controls. However, the differences seen in expression levels between APP-PS1 mice and noncarrier siblings could possibly have resulted from underlying molecular etiology of AD. Importantly, miRNAs associated with amyloid beta (Aβ) production (-101a, -15a, and -342) and proinflammation (-125b, -146a, and -34a) showed significant up-regulations in the tear fluids with disease progression, as tracked by cortical Aβ load and reactive astrogliosis. Overall, for the first time, the translational potential of up-regulated tear fluid miRNAs associated with AD pathogenesis was comprehensively demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Printha Wijesinghe
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Eye Care Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jeanne Xi
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Eye Care Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Eye Care Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Matthew Campbell
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Eye Care Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Wellington Pham
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joanne A Matsubara
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Eye Care Centre, Vancouver, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qin H, Hu C, Zhao X, Tian M, Zhu B. Usefulness of candidate mRNAs and miRNAs as biomarkers for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:89-102. [PMID: 33541173 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1886098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore potential molecular mechanisms and novel biomarkers of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS The mRNA expression datasets GSE63060 and GSE63061 and the miRNA expression dataset GSE120584 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNA (DEmiRs) were identified in the normal, MCI, and AD groups. Mfuzz clustering and weighted correlation network analyses (WGCNA) were conducted, followed by pathway and functional enrichment analyses and miRNA-mRNA network construction. Furthermore, phenotypic correlation analysis and experimental verification were performed on key DEGs and DEmiRs. RESULTS In total, 3,000 intersected DEGs from GSE63060/GSE63061 and 817 DEmiRs from GSE120584 were obtained. Mfuzz and WGCNA analyses revealed 106 DEGs including ribosomal protein L11 (RPL11) and 28 DEmiRs including miR-6764-5p. These DEGs and DEmiRs were mainly enriched in pathways like Ribosome. Moreover, 5 key DEGs including cytohesin 4 (CYTH4) and 6 crucial DEmiRs including miR-6734-3p were identified by miRNA-mRNA interaction network analysis. Phenotypic correlation analysis showed that CYTH4 and miR-6734-3p were correlated with patients' age. The results of quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed that RPL11 expression was significantly downregulated in the MCI and AD groups compared to that in the normal group, while the expression of CYTH4, miR-6764-5p, and miR-6734-3p was remarkably upregulated in the MCI and AD groups. CONCLUSIONS miR-6764-5p might contribute to MCI and AD by targeting RPL11 in the ribosome pathway. Therefore, miR-6734-3p and its target mRNA CYTH4 might be used as novel biomarkers for MCI and AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Qin
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Tian
- Shanghai Burn Institute, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Binggen Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lukiw WJ. NF-kB (p50/p65)-Mediated Pro-Inflammatory microRNA (miRNA) Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:943492. [PMID: 35836546 PMCID: PMC9274251 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.943492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Walter J. Lukiw
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dysregulated miRNAs as Biomarkers and Therapeutical Targets in Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050770. [PMID: 35629192 PMCID: PMC9143965 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are representative neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) characterized by degeneration of selective neurons, as well as the lack of effective biomarkers and therapeutic treatments. In the last decade, microRNAs (miRNAs) have gained considerable interest in diagnostics and therapy of NDs, owing to their aberrant expression and their ability to target multiple molecules and pathways. Here, we provide an overview of dysregulated miRNAs in fluids (blood or cerebrospinal fluid) and nervous tissue of AD, PD, and ALS patients. By emphasizing those that are commonly dysregulated in these NDs, we highlight their potential role as biomarkers or therapeutical targets and describe the use of antisense oligonucleotides as miRNA therapies.
Collapse
|
7
|
Lukiw WJ. Fission Impossible: Stabilized miRNA-Based Analogs in Neurodegenerative Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:875957. [PMID: 35592255 PMCID: PMC9111010 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.875957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Walter J. Lukiw
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nadeem MS, Hosawi S, Alshehri S, Ghoneim MM, Imam SS, Murtaza BN, Kazmi I. Symptomatic, Genetic, and Mechanistic Overlaps between Autism and Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1635. [PMID: 34827633 PMCID: PMC8615882 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders affecting two opposite ends of life span, i.e., childhood and old age. Both disorders pose a cumulative threat to human health, with the rate of incidences increasing considerably worldwide. In the context of recent developments, we aimed to review correlated symptoms and genetics, and overlapping aspects in the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of ASD and AD. Dementia, insomnia, and weak neuromuscular interaction, as well as communicative and cognitive impairments, are shared symptoms. A number of genes and proteins linked with both disorders have been tabulated, including MECP2, ADNP, SCN2A, NLGN, SHANK, PTEN, RELN, and FMR1. Theories about the role of neuron development, processing, connectivity, and levels of neurotransmitters in both disorders have been discussed. Based on the recent literature, the roles of FMRP (Fragile X mental retardation protein), hnRNPC (heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein-C), IRP (Iron regulatory proteins), miRNAs (MicroRNAs), and α-, β0, and γ-secretases in the posttranscriptional regulation of cellular synthesis and processing of APP (amyloid-β precursor protein) have been elaborated to describe the parallel and overlapping routes and mechanisms of ASD and AD pathogenesis. However, the interactive role of genetic and environmental factors, oxidative and metal ion stress, mutations in the associated genes, and alterations in the related cellular pathways in the development of ASD and AD needs further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.N.); (S.H.)
| | - Salman Hosawi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.N.); (S.H.)
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (S.S.I.)
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (S.S.I.)
| | - Bibi Nazia Murtaza
- Department of Zoology, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad 22310, Pakistan;
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.N.); (S.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kramarz B, Huntley RP, Rodríguez-López M, Roncaglia P, Saverimuttu SCC, Parkinson H, Bandopadhyay R, Martin MJ, Orchard S, Hooper NM, Brough D, Lovering RC. Gene Ontology Curation of Neuroinflammation Biology Improves the Interpretation of Alzheimer's Disease Gene Expression Data. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 75:1417-1435. [PMID: 32417785 PMCID: PMC7369085 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene Ontology (GO) is a major bioinformatic resource used for analysis of large biomedical datasets, for example from genome-wide association studies, applied universally across biological fields, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. OBJECTIVE We aim to demonstrate the applicability of GO for interpretation of AD datasets to improve the understanding of the underlying molecular disease mechanisms, including the involvement of inflammatory pathways and dysregulated microRNAs (miRs). METHODS We have undertaken a systematic full article GO annotation approach focused on microglial proteins implicated in AD and the miRs regulating their expression. PANTHER was used for enrichment analysis of previously published AD data. Cytoscape was used for visualizing and analyzing miR-target interactions captured from published experimental evidence. RESULTS We contributed 3,084 new annotations for 494 entities, i.e., on average six new annotations per entity. This included a total of 1,352 annotations for 40 prioritized microglial proteins implicated in AD and 66 miRs regulating their expression, yielding an average of twelve annotations per prioritized entity. The updated GO resource was then used to re-analyze previously published data. The re-analysis showed novel processes associated with AD-related genes, not identified in the original study, such as 'gliogenesis', 'regulation of neuron projection development', or 'response to cytokine', demonstrating enhanced applicability of GO for neuroscience research. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights ongoing development of the neurobiological aspects of GO and demonstrates the value of biocuration activities in the area, thus helping to delineate the molecular bases of AD to aid the development of diagnostic tools and treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kramarz
- Functional Gene Annotation, Preclinical and Fundamental Science, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rachael P Huntley
- Functional Gene Annotation, Preclinical and Fundamental Science, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Milagros Rodríguez-López
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paola Roncaglia
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shirin C C Saverimuttu
- Functional Gene Annotation, Preclinical and Fundamental Science, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Helen Parkinson
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rina Bandopadhyay
- UCL Institute of Neurology and Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maria-Jesus Martin
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sandra Orchard
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nigel M Hooper
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Brough
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ruth C Lovering
- Functional Gene Annotation, Preclinical and Fundamental Science, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Exosomes function as nanoparticles to transfer miR-199a-3p to reverse chemoresistance to cisplatin in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:225047. [PMID: 32463473 PMCID: PMC7341182 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20194026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a frequently seen malignant tumor globally. The occurrence of cisplatin (DDP) resistance is one of the main reasons for the high mortality of HCC patients. Therefore, it is of great theoretical significance and application value to explore the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance. Drug resistance can be modulated by exosomes containing mRNAs, micro RNAs (miRNAs) and other non-coding RNA (ncRNAs). Exosomal miR-199a-3p (Exo-miR-199a-3p) was subjected to extraction and verification. Whether exo-miR-199a-3p could make HCC cells sensitive to DDP in vitro was verified via flow cytometry, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, immunofluorescence assay and Transwell assay. Intravenous injection of exo-miR-199a-3p and intraperitoneal injection of DDP were carried out in vivo. Moreover, the possible targets of miR-199a-3p were screened through bioinformatics analysis, which were ascertained by Western blotting (WB). Then, miR-199a-3p levels in human normal liver epithelial cell line HL-7702 and HCC cell lines HuH7 and HuH7/DDP were elevated in a concentration-dependent manner. Exo-miR-199a-3p has abilities to adjust underlying targets and conjugate cells, to repress cells to invade, stimulate their apoptosis and abate their ability. Additionally, the caudal injection of exo-miR-199a-3p reversed the chemoresistance of tumors and slowed down their growth in the body owing to the up-regulation of miR-199a-3p and down-regulation of underlying target proteins in tumors. Finally, exo-miR-199a-3p was found to overturn the HCC’s resistance to DDP, and it may function in DDP-refractory HCC therapy as an underlying option in the future.
Collapse
|
11
|
Vergallo A, Lista S, Zhao Y, Lemercier P, Teipel SJ, Potier MC, Habert MO, Dubois B, Lukiw WJ, Hampel H. MiRNA-15b and miRNA-125b are associated with regional Aβ-PET and FDG-PET uptake in cognitively normal individuals with subjective memory complaints. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:78. [PMID: 33504764 PMCID: PMC7840941 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is substantial experimental evidence for dysregulation of several microRNA (miRNA) expression levels in Alzheimer's disease (AD). MiRNAs modulate critical brain intracellular signaling pathways and are associated with AD core pathophysiological mechanisms. First, we conducted a real-time quantitative PCR-based pilot study to identify a set of brain-enriched miRNAs in a monocentric cohort of cognitively normal individuals with subjective memory complaints, a condition associated with increased risk of AD. Second, we investigated the impact of age, sex, and the Apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4) allele, on the identified miRNA plasma concentrations. In addition, we explored the cross-sectional and longitudinal association of the miRNAs plasma concentrations with regional brain metabolic uptake using amyloid-β (Aβ)-positron emission tomography (Aβ-PET) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET (18F-FDG-PET). We identified a set of six brain-enriched miRNAs-miRNA-125b, miRNA-146a, miRNA-15b, miRNA-148a, miRNA-26b, and miRNA-100. Age, sex, and APOE ε4 allele were not associated with individual miRNA abundance. MiRNA-15b concentrations were significantly lower in the Aβ-PET-positive compared to Aβ-PET-negative individuals. Furthermore, we found a positive effect of the miRNA-15b*time interaction on regional metabolic 18F-FDG-PET uptake in the left hippocampus. Plasma miRNA-125b concentrations, as well as the miRNA-125b*time interaction (over a 2-year follow-up), were negatively associated with regional Aβ-PET standard uptake value ratio in the right anterior cingulate cortex. At baseline, we found a significantly negative association between plasma miRNA-125b concentrations and 18F-FDG-PET uptake in specific brain regions. In an asymptomatic at-risk population for AD, we show significant associations between plasma concentrations of miRNA-125b and miRNA-15b with core neuroimaging biomarkers of AD pathophysiology. Our results, coupled with existing experimental evidence, suggest a potential protective anti-Aβ effect of miRNA-15b and a biological link between miRNA-125b and Aβ-independent neurotoxic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vergallo
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France.
| | - Simone Lista
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France ,grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France ,grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Yuhai Zhao
- grid.279863.10000 0000 8954 1233LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA ,grid.279863.10000 0000 8954 1233Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Pablo Lemercier
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France ,grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France ,grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Stefan J. Teipel
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany ,grid.10493.3f0000000121858338Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marie-Claude Potier
- grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058ICM Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, UPMC, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 Bd de l’Hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Odile Habert
- grid.503298.50000 0004 0370 0969Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, F-75013 Paris, France ,Centre pour l’Acquisition et le Traitement des Images (www.cati-neuroimaging.com), Paris, France ,grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Médecine Nucléaire, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France ,grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France ,grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Walter J. Lukiw
- Alchem Biotech Research, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada ,grid.279863.10000 0000 8954 1233Department of Ophthalmology, LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA ,grid.279863.10000 0000 8954 1233Department Neurology, LSU Neuroscience Center Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Harald Hampel
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l’hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hill JM, Clement C, Arceneaux L, Lukiw WJ. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Expression in the Aged Brain and Visual System. JOURNAL OF AGING SCIENCE 2021; Vol 9:001. [PMID: 34765681 PMCID: PMC8580311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence currently indicate that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) gains entry into human host cells via a high-affinity interaction with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) transmembrane receptor. Research has further shown the widespread expression of the ACE2 receptor on the surface of many different immune, non-immune and neural host cell types, and that SARS-CoV-2 has the remarkable capability to attack many different types of human-host cells simultaneously. One principal neuroanatomical region for high ACE2 expression patterns occurs in the brainstem, an area of the brain containing regulatory centers for respiration, and this may in part explain the predisposition of many COVID-19 patients to respiratory distress. Early studies also indicated extensive ACE2 expression in the whole eye and the brain's visual circuitry in aged humans. In this study we analyzed ACE2 receptor expression at the mRNA and protein level in multiple cell types involved in human vision, including cell types of the external eye and several deep brain regions known to be involved in the processing of visual signals. Here we provide evidence: (i) that many different optical and neural cell types of the human visual system provide receptors essential for SARS-CoV-2 invasion; (ii) of the remarkable ubiquity of ACE2 presence in cells of the eye and anatomical regions of the brain involved in visual signal processing; (iii) that ACE2 receptor expression in different ocular cell types and visual processing centers of the brain provide multiple compartments for SARS-CoV-2 infiltration; and (iv) of a gradient of increasing ACE2 expression from the anterior surface of the eye to the visual signal processing areas of the occipital lobe and the primary visual neocortex. A gradient of ACE2 expression from the eye surface to the occipital lobe may provide the SARS-CoV-2 virus a novel pathway from the outer eye into deeper anatomical regions of the brain involved in vision. These findings may explain, in part, the many recently reported neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in COVID-19 affected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M. Hill
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences, New Orleans, USA,Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA,Department of Pharmacology, LSU Health Science Center, New Orleans, USA,Department of Microbiology, LSU Health Science Center, New Orleans, USA
| | - Christian Clement
- Experimental Therapeutics and Human Toxicology Lab, Southern University, New Orleans, USA
| | - L. Arceneaux
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences, New Orleans, USA
| | - Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences, New Orleans, USA,Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA,Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhao Y, Jaber V, Alexandrov PN, Vergallo A, Lista S, Hampel H, Lukiw WJ. microRNA-Based Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Front Neurosci 2020; 14:585432. [PMID: 33192270 PMCID: PMC7664832 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.585432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial, age-related neurological disease characterized by complex pathophysiological dynamics taking place at multiple biological levels, including molecular, genetic, epigenetic, cellular and large-scale brain networks. These alterations account for multiple pathophysiological mechanisms such as brain protein accumulation, neuroinflammatory/neuro-immune processes, synaptic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration that eventually lead to cognitive and behavioral decline. Alterations in microRNA (miRNA) signaling have been implicated in the epigenetics and molecular genetics of all neurobiological processes associated with AD pathophysiology. These changes encompass altered miRNA abundance, speciation and complexity in anatomical regions of the CNS targeted by the disease, including modified miRNA expression patterns in brain tissues, the systemic circulation, the extracellular fluid (ECF) and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). miRNAs have been investigated as candidate biomarkers for AD diagnosis, disease prediction, prognosis and therapeutic purposes because of their involvement in multiple brain signaling pathways in both health and disease. In this review we will: (i) highlight the significantly heterogeneous nature of miRNA expression and complexity in AD tissues and biofluids; (ii) address how information may be extracted from these data to be used as a diagnostic, prognostic and/or screening tools across the entire continuum of AD, from the preclinical stage, through the prodromal, i.e., mild cognitive impairment (MCI) phase all the way to clinically overt dementia; and (iii) consider how specific miRNA expression patterns could be categorized using miRNA reporters that span AD pathophysiological initiation and disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhai Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Vivian Jaber
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | | | - Andrea Vergallo
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Simone Lista
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l’Hôpital, Paris, France
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Boulevard de l’hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Harald Hampel
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Ophthalmology, LSU Neuroscience Center Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Neurology, LSU Neuroscience Center Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lukiw WJ, Vergallo A, Lista S, Hampel H, Zhao Y. Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and the Application of Precision Medicine. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E138. [PMID: 32967128 PMCID: PMC7565758 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) currently stands as one of the most difficult and challenging in all of clinical neurology. AD is typically diagnosed using an integrated knowledge and assessment of multiple biomarkers and interrelated factors. These include the patient's age, gender and lifestyle, medical and genetic history (both clinical- and family-derived), cognitive, physical, behavioral and geriatric assessment, laboratory examination of multiple AD patient biofluids, especially within the systemic circulation (blood serum) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), multiple neuroimaging-modalities of the brain's limbic system and/or retina, followed up in many cases by post-mortem neuropathological examination to finally corroborate the diagnosis. More often than not, prospective AD cases are accompanied by other progressive, age-related dementing neuropathologies including, predominantly, a neurovascular and/or cardiovascular component, multiple-infarct dementia (MID), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and/or strokes or 'mini-strokes' often integrated with other age-related neurological and non-neurological disorders including cardiovascular disease and cancer. Especially over the last 40 years, enormous research efforts have been undertaken to discover, characterize, and quantify more effectual and reliable biological markers for AD, especially during the pre-clinical or prodromal stages of AD so that pre-emptive therapeutic treatment strategies may be initiated. While a wealth of genetic, neurobiological, neurochemical, neuropathological, neuroimaging and other diagnostic information obtainable for a single AD patient can be immense: (i) it is currently challenging to integrate and formulate a definitive diagnosis for AD from this multifaceted and multidimensional information; and (ii) these data are unfortunately not directly comparable with the etiopathological patterns of other AD patients even when carefully matched for age, gender, familial genetics, and drug history. Four decades of AD research have repeatedly indicated that diagnostic profiles for AD are reflective of an extremely heterogeneous neurological disorder. This commentary will illuminate the heterogeneity of biomarkers for AD, comment on emerging investigative approaches and discuss why 'precision medicine' is emerging as our best paradigm yet for the most accurate and definitive prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis of this insidious and lethal brain disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, LSU-HSC, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, LSU Neuroscience Center, LSU-HSC, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department Neurology, LSU Neuroscience Center, LSU-HSC, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Andrea Vergallo
- Sorbonne University, GRC no 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, F-75013 Paris, France; (A.V.); (S.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Simone Lista
- Sorbonne University, GRC no 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, F-75013 Paris, France; (A.V.); (S.L.); (H.H.)
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Boulevard de l’Hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Harald Hampel
- Sorbonne University, GRC no 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, F-75013 Paris, France; (A.V.); (S.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Yuhai Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, LSU-HSC, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lukiw WJ, Pogue A, Hill JM. SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity and Neurological Targets in the Brain. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:217-224. [PMID: 32840758 PMCID: PMC7445393 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00947-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The gateway for invasion by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into human host cells is via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) transmembrane receptor expressed in multiple immune and nonimmune cell types. SARS-CoV-2, that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; CoV-19) has the unusual capacity to attack many different types of human host cells simultaneously via novel clathrin- and caveolae-independent endocytic pathways, becoming injurious to diverse cells, tissues and organ systems and exploiting any immune weakness in the host. The elicitation of this multipronged attack explains in part the severity and extensive variety of signs and symptoms observed in CoV-19 patients. To further our understanding of the mechanism and pathways of SARS-CoV-2 infection and susceptibility of specific cell- and tissue-types and organ systems to SARS-CoV-2 attack in this communication we analyzed ACE2 expression in 85 human tissues including 21 different brain regions, 7 fetal tissues and 8 controls. Besides strong ACE2 expression in respiratory, digestive, renal-excretory and reproductive cells, high ACE2 expression was also found in the amygdala, cerebral cortex and brainstem. The highest ACE2 expression level was found in the pons and medulla oblongata in the human brainstem, containing the medullary respiratory centers of the brain, and may in part explain the susceptibility of many CoV-19 patients to severe respiratory distress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter J Lukiw
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112‑2272, USA.
- Alchem Biotech Research, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112‑2272, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112‑2272, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology and Ophthalmology, Bollinger Professor of Alzheimer's Disease, LSU Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans, LA, 70112-2272, USA.
| | - Aileen Pogue
- Alchem Biotech Research, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - James M Hill
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112‑2272, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112‑2272, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, LSU Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112‑2272, USA
- Department of Microbiology, LSU Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112‑2272, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fan W, Liang C, Ou M, Zou T, Sun F, Zhou H, Cui L. MicroRNA-146a Is a Wide-Reaching Neuroinflammatory Regulator and Potential Treatment Target in Neurological Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:90. [PMID: 32581706 PMCID: PMC7291868 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive functional deterioration and loss of neurons underlies neurological diseases and constitutes an important cause of disability and death worldwide. The causes of various types of neurological diseases often share several critical nerve-related cellular mechanisms and pathological features, particularly the neuroinflammatory response in the nervous system. A rapidly growing body of evidence indicates that various microRNAs play pivotal roles in these processes in neurological diseases and might be viable therapeutic targets. Among these microRNAs, microRNA-146a (miR-146a) stands out due to the rapid increase in recent literature on its mechanistic involvement in neurological diseases. In this review, we summarize and highlight the critical role of miR-146a in neurological diseases. MiR-146a polymorphisms are associated with the risk of neurological disease. Alterations in miR-146a expression levels are crucial events in the pathogenesis of numerous neurological diseases that are spatially and temporally diverse. Additionally, the target genes of miR-146a are involved in the regulation of pathophysiological processes in neurological diseases, particularly the neuroinflammatory response. In summary, miR-146a mainly plays a critical role in neuroinflammation during the progression of neurological diseases and might be a prospective biomarker and therapeutic target. Understanding the mechanisms by which miR-146a affects the neuroinflammatory response in different neurological injuries, different cell types, and even different stages of certain neurological diseases will pave the way for its use as a therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Fan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chunmei Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mingqian Ou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ting Zou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Furong Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haihong Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cieślik M, Czapski GA, Wójtowicz S, Wieczorek I, Wencel PL, Strosznajder RP, Jaber V, Lukiw WJ, Strosznajder JB. Alterations of Transcription of Genes Coding Anti-oxidative and Mitochondria-Related Proteins in Amyloid β Toxicity: Relevance to Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:1374-1388. [PMID: 31734880 PMCID: PMC7061023 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01819-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that pathological forms of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide contribute to neuronal degeneration and synaptic loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we investigated the impact of exogenous Aβ1-42 oligomers (AβO) and endogenously liberated Aβ peptides on transcription of genes for anti-oxidative and mitochondria-related proteins in cell lines (neuronal SH-SY5Y and microglial BV2) and in brain cortex of transgenic AD (Tg-AD) mice, respectively. Our results demonstrated significant AβO-evoked changes in transcription of genes in SH-SY5Y cells, where AβO enhanced expression of Sod1, Cat, mt-Nd1, Bcl2, and attenuated Sirt5, Sod2 and Sdha. In BV2 line, AβO increased the level of mRNA for Sod2, Dnm1l, Bcl2, and decreased for Gpx4, Sirt1, Sirt3, mt-Nd1, Sdha and Mfn2. Then, AβO enhanced free radicals level and impaired mitochondrial membrane potential only in SH-SY5Y cells, but reduced viability of both cell types. Inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 and activator of sirtuin-1 more efficiently enhanced viability of SH-SY5Y than BV2 affected by AβO. Analysis of brain cortex of Tg-AD mice confirmed significant downregulation of Sirt1, Mfn1 and mt-Nd1 and upregulation of Dnm1l. In human AD brain, changes of microRNA pattern (miRNA-9, miRNA-34a, miRNA-146a and miRNA-155) seem to be responsible for decrease in Sirt1 expression. Overall, our results demonstrated a diverse response of neuronal and microglial cells to AβO toxicity. Alterations of genes encoding Sirt1, Mfn1 and Drp1 in an experimental model of AD suggest that modulation of mitochondria dynamics and Sirt1, including miRNA strategy, may be crucial for improvement of AD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Cieślik
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz A Czapski
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Wójtowicz
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iga Wieczorek
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław L Wencel
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert P Strosznajder
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vivian Jaber
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Walter J Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Bollinger Professor of Alzheimer's disease, LSU Neuroscience Center and Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Joanna B Strosznajder
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Atropa belladonna Expresses a microRNA (aba-miRNA-9497) Highly Homologous to Homo sapiens miRNA-378 (hsa-miRNA-378); both miRNAs target the 3'-Untranslated Region (3'-UTR) of the mRNA Encoding the Neurologically Relevant, Zinc-Finger Transcription Factor ZNF-691. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 40:179-188. [PMID: 31456135 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00729-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in ethnobotanical and neurological research indicate that ingested plants from our diet may not only be a source of nutrition but also a source of biologically relevant nucleic-acid-encoded genetic information. A major source of RNA-encoded information from plants has been shown to be derived from small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs) that can transfer information horizontally between plants and humans. In human hosts, the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) is targeted by these miRNAs to effectively down-regulate expression of that mRNA target in the host CNS. In this paper, we provide evidence that the Atropa belladonna aba-miRNA-9497 (miRBase conserved ID: bdi-miRNA-9497) is highly homologous to the CNS-abundant Homo sapiens miRNA-378 (hsa-miRNA-378) and both target the zinc-finger transcription factor ZNF-691 mRNA 3'-UTR to down-regulate ZNF-691 mRNA abundance. We speculate that the potent neurotoxic actions of the multiple tropane alkaloids of Atropa belladonna may be supplemented by the neuroregulatory actions of aba-miRNA-9497 on ZNF-691, and this may be followed by the modulation in the expression of ZNF-691-sensitive genes. This is the first example of a human brain-enriched transcription factor, ZNF-691, targeted and down-regulated by a naturally occurring plant microRNA, with potential to modulate gene expression in the human CNS and thus contribute to the neurotoxicological-and-psychoactive properties of the Atropa belladonna species of the deadly nightshade Solanaceae family.
Collapse
|
19
|
Jaber VR, Zhao Y, Sharfman NM, Li W, Lukiw WJ. Addressing Alzheimer's Disease (AD) Neuropathology Using Anti-microRNA (AM) Strategies. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8101-8108. [PMID: 31183807 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1632-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Disruptions in multiple neurobiological pathways and neuromolecular processes have been widely implicated in the etiopathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a complex, progressive, and ultimately lethal neurological disorder whose current incidence, both domestically and globally, is reaching epidemic proportions. While only a few percent of all AD cases appear to have a strong genetic or familial component, the major form of this disease, known as idiopathic or sporadic AD, displays a multi-factorial pathology and represents one of the most complex and perplexing neurological disorders known. More effective and innovative pharmacological strategies for the successful intervention and management of AD might be expected: (i) to arise from strategic-treatments that simultaneously address multiple interrelated AD targets that are directed at the initiation, development, and/or propagation of this disease and (ii) those that target the "neuropathological core" of the AD process at early or upstream stages of AD. This "Perspectives paper" will review current research involving microRNA (miRNA)-mediated, messenger RNA (mRNA)-targeted gene expression pathways in sporadic AD and address the potential implementation of evolving anti-microRNA (AM) strategies in the amelioration and clinical management of AD. This novel-therapeutic approach: (i) incorporates a system involving the restoration of multiple miRNA-regulated mRNA-targets via the use of selectively-stabilized AM species; and (ii) that via implementation of synthetic AMs, the abundance of only relatively small-families of miRNAs need be modulated or neutralized to re-establish neural-homeostasis in the AD-affected brain. In doing so, these strategic approaches will jointly and interactively address multiple AD-associated processes such as the disruption of synaptic communication, defects in amyloid peptide clearance and amyloidogenesis, tau pathology, deficits in neurotrophic support, alterations in the innate immune response, and the proliferation of neuroinflammatory signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian R Jaber
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Yuhai Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Nathan M Sharfman
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Wenhong Li
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of TCM, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China
| | - Walter J Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang M, Qin L, Tang B. MicroRNAs in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Genet 2019; 10:153. [PMID: 30881384 PMCID: PMC6405631 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and devastating neurodegenerative disorder. It is the leading cause of dementia in the world’s rapidly growing aging population. The characteristics of AD are memory loss and cognitive impairment, meaning patients cannot carry out their daily activities independently. The increase of AD cases poses heavy burdens on families, society and the economy. Despite frequent efforts being made to research the etiology of AD, the causes of AD remain unknown, and no curative treatments are available yet. The pathological hallmarks of AD are amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. MicroRNAs are endogenous ∼22 nucleotides non-coding RNAs that could regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level by transcript degradation or translation repression. MicroRNAs are involved in many biological processes and diseases, particularly multifactorial diseases, providing an excellent tool with which to research the mechanisms of these diseases. AD is a multifactorial disorder, and accumulating evidence shows that microRNAs play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AD. In this review, we will highlight the effect of microRNAs in different pathological processes throughout AD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lixia Qin
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Parkinson's Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhao Y, Jaber VR, LeBeauf A, Sharfman NM, Lukiw WJ. microRNA-34a (miRNA-34a) Mediated Down-Regulation of the Post-synaptic Cytoskeletal Element SHANK3 in Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Front Neurol 2019; 10:28. [PMID: 30792687 PMCID: PMC6374620 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrating a combination of bioinformatics, microRNA microfluidic arrays, ELISA analysis, LED Northern, and transfection-luciferase reporter assay data using human neuronal-glial (HNG) cells in primary culture we have discovered a set of up-regulated microRNAs (miRNAs) linked to a small family of down-regulated messenger RNAs (mRNAs) within the superior temporal lobe neocortex (Brodmann A22) of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. At the level of mRNA abundance, the expression of a significant number of human brain genes found to be down-regulated in sporadic AD neocortex appears to be due to the increased abundance of a several brain-abundant inducible miRNAs. These up-regulated miRNAs—including, prominently, miRNA-34a—have complimentary RNA sequences in the 3′ untranslated-region (3′-UTR) of their target-mRNAs that results in the pathological down-regulation in the expression of important brain genes. An up-regulated microRNA-34a, already implicated in age-related inflammatory-neurodegeneration–appears to down-regulate key mRNA targets involved in synaptogenesis and synaptic-structure, distinguishing neuronal deficits associated with AD neuropathology. One significantly down-regulated post-synaptic element in AD is the proline-rich SH3 and multiple-ankyrin-repeat domain SHANK3 protein. Bioinformatics, microRNA array analysis and SHANK3-mRNA-3′UTR luciferase-reporter assay confirmed the importance of miRNA-34a in the regulation of SHANK3 expression in HNG cells. This paper reports on recent studies of a miRNA-34a-up-regulation coupled to SHANK3 mRNA down-regulation in sporadic AD superior-temporal lobe compared to age-matched controls. These findings further support our hypothesis of an altered miRNA-mRNA coupled signaling network in AD, much of which is supported, and here reviewed, by recently reported experimental-findings in the scientific literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhai Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Vivian R Jaber
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Ayrian LeBeauf
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Nathan M Sharfman
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Walter J Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
The Role of Ceramide and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5436-5455. [PMID: 30612333 PMCID: PMC6614129 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive sphingolipids-ceramide, sphingosine, and their respective 1-phosphates (C1P and S1P)-are signaling molecules serving as intracellular second messengers. Moreover, S1P acts through G protein-coupled receptors in the plasma membrane. Accumulating evidence points to sphingolipids' engagement in brain aging and in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Metabolic alterations observed in the course of neurodegeneration favor ceramide-dependent pro-apoptotic signaling, while the levels of the neuroprotective S1P are reduced. These trends are observed early in the diseases' development, suggesting causal relationship. Mechanistic evidence has shown links between altered ceramide/S1P rheostat and the production, secretion, and aggregation of amyloid β/α-synuclein as well as signaling pathways of critical importance for the pathomechanism of protein conformation diseases. Sphingolipids influence multiple aspects of Akt/protein kinase B signaling, a pathway that regulates metabolism, stress response, and Bcl-2 family proteins. The cross-talk between sphingolipids and transcription factors including NF-κB, FOXOs, and AP-1 may be also important for immune regulation and cell survival/death. Sphingolipids regulate exosomes and other secretion mechanisms that can contribute to either the spread of neurotoxic proteins between brain cells, or their clearance. Recent discoveries also suggest the importance of intracellular and exosomal pools of small regulatory RNAs in the creation of disturbed signaling environment in the diseased brain. The identified interactions of bioactive sphingolipids urge for their evaluation as potential therapeutic targets. Moreover, the early disturbances in sphingolipid metabolism may deliver easily accessible biomarkers of neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
|
23
|
Lukiw WJ, Cong L, Jaber V, Zhao Y. Microbiome-Derived Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Selectively Inhibits Neurofilament Light Chain (NF-L) Gene Expression in Human Neuronal-Glial (HNG) Cells in Primary Culture. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:896. [PMID: 30568571 PMCID: PMC6289986 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The remarkable co-localization of highly pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD)-affected neuronal nuclei suggests that there may be some novel pathogenic contribution of this heat stable neurotoxin to neuronal activity and neuron-specific gene expression. In this communication we show for the first time: (i) the association and envelopment of sporadic AD neuronal nuclei with LPS in multiple AD neocortical tissue samples; and (ii) a selective repression in the output of neuron-specific neurofilament light (NF-L) chain messenger RNA (mRNA), perhaps as a consequence of this association. The down-regulation of NF-L mRNA and protein is a characteristic attribute of AD brain and accompanies neuronal atrophy and an associated loss of neuronal architecture with synaptic deficits. To study this phenomenon further, human neuronal-glial (HNG) cells in primary culture were incubated with LPS, and DNA arrays, Northern, Western, and ELISA analyses were used to quantify transcription patterns for the three member neuron-specific intermediate filament-gene family NF-H, NF-M, and NF-L. As in sporadic AD limbic-regions, down-regulated transcription products for the NF-L intermediate filament protein was significant. These results support our novel hypothesis: (i) that internally sourced, microbiome-derived neurotoxins such as LPS contribute to a progressive disruption in the read-out of neuron-specific genetic-information; (ii) that the presence of LPS-enveloped neuronal nuclei is associated with a down-regulation in NF-L expression, a key neuron-specific cytoskeletal component; and (iii) this may have a bearing on progressive neuronal atrophy, loss of synaptic-contact and disruption of neuronal architecture, all of which are characteristic pathological features of sporadic-AD brain. This is the first report that provides evidence for a neuron-specific effect of a human GI-tract microbiome-derived neurotoxin on decreased NF-L abundance in both sporadic AD temporal lobe neocortex in vivo and in LPS-stressed HNG cells in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter J. Lukiw
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Vivian Jaber
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Yuhai Zhao
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Reza-Zaldivar EE, Hernández-Sapiéns MA, Minjarez B, Gutiérrez-Mercado YK, Márquez-Aguirre AL, Canales-Aguirre AA. Potential Effects of MSC-Derived Exosomes in Neuroplasticity in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:317. [PMID: 30319358 PMCID: PMC6165870 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia affecting regions of the central nervous system that exhibit synaptic plasticity and are involved in higher brain functions such as learning and memory. AD is characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction, memory loss and behavioral disturbances of synaptic plasticity and energy metabolism. Cell therapy has emerged as an alternative treatment of AD. The use of adult stem cells, such as neural stem cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) from bone marrow and adipose tissue, have the potential to decrease cognitive deficits, possibly by reducing neuronal loss through blocking apoptosis, increasing neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and angiogenesis. These processes are mediated primarily by the secretion of many growth factors, anti-inflammatory proteins, membrane receptors, microRNAs (miRNA) and exosomes. Exosomes encapsulate and transfer several functional molecules like proteins, lipids and regulatory RNA which can modify cell metabolism. In the proteomic characterization of the content of MSC-derived exosomes, more than 730 proteins have been identified, some of which are specific cell type markers and others are involved in the regulation of binding and fusion of exosomes with adjacent cells. Furthermore, some factors were found that promote the recruitment, proliferation and differentiation of other cells like neural stem cells. Moreover, within exosomal cargo, a wide range of miRNAs were found, which can control functions related to neural remodeling as well as angiogenic and neurogenic processes. Taking this into consideration, the use of exosomes could be part of a strategy to promote neuroplasticity, improve cognitive impairment and neural replacement in AD. In this review, we describe how exosomes are involved in AD pathology and discuss the therapeutic potential of MSC-derived exosomes mediated by miRNA and protein cargo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin E Reza-Zaldivar
- Unidad de Evaluación Preclínica, Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Mercedes A Hernández-Sapiéns
- Unidad de Evaluación Preclínica, Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Benito Minjarez
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Yanet K Gutiérrez-Mercado
- Unidad de Evaluación Preclínica, Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Ana L Márquez-Aguirre
- Unidad de Evaluación Preclínica, Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Alejandro A Canales-Aguirre
- Unidad de Evaluación Preclínica, Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Mexico.,Profesor del programa de Maestría en Ciencias de la Salud Ambiental, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhao Y, Lukiw WJ. Bacteroidetes Neurotoxins and Inflammatory Neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:9100-9107. [PMID: 29637444 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The gram-negative facultative anaerobe Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) constitutes an appreciable proportion of the human gastrointestinal (GI)-tract microbiome. As is typical of most gram-negative bacilli, B. fragilis secretes an unusually complex mixture of neurotoxins including the extremely pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide BF-LPS. LPS (i) has recently been shown to associate with the periphery of neuronal nuclei in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain and (ii) promotes the generation of the inflammatory transcription factor NF-kB (p50/p65 complex) in human neuronal-glial cells in primary-culture. In turn, the NF-kB (p50/p65 complex) strongly induces the transcription of a small family of pro-inflammatory microRNAs (miRNAs) including miRNA-9, miRNA-34a, miRNA-125b, miRNA-146a, and miRNA-155. These ultimately bind with the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of several target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and thereby reduce their expression. Down-regulated mRNAs include those encoding complement factor-H (CFH), an SH3-proline-rich multi-domain-scaffolding protein of the postsynaptic density (SHANK3), and the triggering receptor expressed in myeloid/microglial cells (TREM2), as is observed in sporadic AD brain. Hence, a LPS normally confined to the GI tract is capable of driving a NF-kB-miRNA-mediated deficiency in gene expression that contributes to alterations in synaptic-architecture and synaptic-deficits, amyloidogenesis, innate-immune defects, and progressive inflammatory signaling, all of which are characteristics of AD-type neurodegeneration. This article will review the most recent research which supports the idea that bacterial components of the GI tract microbiome such as BF-LPS can transverse biophysical barriers and contribute to AD-type change. For the first-time, these results indicate that specific GI tract microbiome-derived neurotoxins have a strong pathogenic role in eliciting alterations in NF-kB-miRNA-directed gene expression that drives the AD process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhai Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Walter J Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Departments of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhao Y, Lukiw WJ. Microbiome-Mediated Upregulation of MicroRNA-146a in Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurol 2018; 9:145. [PMID: 29615954 PMCID: PMC5867462 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The first indication of a potential mechanistic link between the pathobiology of the human gastrointestinal (GI)-tract microbiome and its contribution to the pathogenetic mechanisms of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) came a scant 4 years ago (1). Ongoing research continues to strengthen the hypothesis that neurotoxic microbial-derived components of the GI tract microbiome can cross aging GI tract and blood-brain barriers and contribute to progressive proinflammatory neurodegeneration, as exemplified by the AD-process. Of central interest in these recent investigations are the pathological roles played by human GI tract resident Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria and neurotropic viruses-two prominent divisions of GI tract microbiome-derived microbiota-which harbor considerable pathogenic potential. It is noteworthy that the first two well-studied microbiota-the GI tract abundant Gram-negative bacteria Bacteroides fragilis and the neurotropic herpes simplex virus-1 both share a final common pathway of NF-κB (p50/p65) activation and microRNA-146a induction with ensuing pathogenic stimulation of innate-immune and neuroinflammatory pathways. These appear to strongly contribute to the inflammation-mediated amyloidogenic neuropathology of AD. This communication: (i) will review recent research contributions that have expanded our understanding of the nature of the translocation of microbiome-derived neurotoxins-across biophysiological barriers; (ii) will assess multiple-recent investigations of the induction of the proinflammatory pathogenic microRNA-146a by these two prominent classes of human microbiota; and (iii) will discuss the role of molecular neurobiology and mechanistic contribution of polymicrobial infections to AD-type neuropathological change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhai Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| |
Collapse
|