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Belayneh Asfaw T, Getachew Tadesse M, Beshah Tessema F, Woldemichael Woldemariam H, V. Chinchkar A, Singh A, Upadhyay A, Mehari B. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction and UHPLC determination of ascorbic acid, polyphenols, and half-maximum effective concentration in Citrus medica and Ziziphus spina-christi fruits using multivariate experimental design. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101310. [PMID: 38645936 PMCID: PMC11031790 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the concentrations of ascorbic acid and polyphenols in fruits and peels of Citrus medica and Ziziphus spina-christi grown in Ethiopia. Conditions of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) were optimized, using a multivariate experimental design. The optimum conditions of UAE were 15 min extraction time at 35 ℃, with 75 % aqueous methanol as solvent, and a fruit powder-to-solvent ratio (m/v) of 1:15. Among the different drying conditions investigated, freeze-drying was found to be appropriate for analyzing ascorbic acid, polyphenols, and antioxidant potential. The overall ranges, across the fruits and peels, of ascorbic acid, total polyphenols, and antioxidant potentials (EC50) obtained were 8.7 ± 1.4-91.2 ± 2.6 mg/100 g, 253.0 ± 6.3-764.1 ± 25.8 mg GAE/100 g and 2.4 ± 0.1-26.1 ± 2.9 mg/mL, respectively. This indicates that the fruits and peels of the studied plants are advantageous as sources of ascorbic acid and polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilahun Belayneh Asfaw
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O.Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Getachew Tadesse
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O.Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Center of Excellence for Biotechnology and Bioprocess, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O.Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Fekade Beshah Tessema
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Henock Woldemichael Woldemariam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O.Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Center of Excellence for Biotechnology and Bioprocess, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O.Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ajay V. Chinchkar
- National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Department of Food Science and Technology, Haryana, India
| | - Anurag Singh
- National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Department of Food Science and Technology, Haryana, India
- Department of Food Technology, Harcourt Butler Technical University, Nawabganj, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208002, India
| | - Ashutosh Upadhyay
- National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Department of Food Science and Technology, Haryana, India
| | - Bewketu Mehari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O.Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Li C, Zhang J, Pan P, Zhang J, Hou X, Wang Y, Chen G, Muhammad P, Reis RL, Ding L, Wang Y. Humanistic Health Management and Cancer: Associations of Psychology, Nutrition, and Exercise with Cancer Progression and Pathogenesis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400665. [PMID: 38526194 PMCID: PMC11165509 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The incidence rate of cancer is increasing year by year due to the aging of the population, unhealthy living, and eating habits. At present, surgery and medication are still the main treatments for cancer, without paying attention to the impact of individual differences in health management on cancer. However, increasing evidence suggests that individual psychological status, dietary habits, and exercise frequency are closely related to the risk and prognosis of cancer. The reminder to humanity is that the medical concept of the unified treatment plan is insufficient in cancer treatment, and a personalized treatment plan may become a breakthrough point. On this basis, the concept of "Humanistic Health Management" (HHM) is proposed. This concept is a healthcare plan that focuses on self-health management, providing an accurate and comprehensive evaluation of individual lifestyle habits, psychology, and health status, and developing personalized and targeted comprehensive cancer prevention and treatment plans. This review will provide a detailed explanation of the relationship between psychological status, dietary, and exercise habits, and the regulatory mechanisms of cancer. Intended to emphasize the importance of HHM concept in cancer prevention and better prognostic efficacy, providing new ideas for the new generation of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Li
- International Joint Research Center of Human‐machine Intelligent Collaborative for Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Hainan Province & Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of EducationSchool of Pharmacy & The First Affiliated HospitalHainan Medical UniversityHaikou571199P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Tumor Precision Targeting Research Center & Institute of Nanochemistry and NanobiologySchool of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghai200444P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Pan
- International Joint Research Center of Human‐machine Intelligent Collaborative for Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Hainan Province & Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of EducationSchool of Pharmacy & The First Affiliated HospitalHainan Medical UniversityHaikou571199P. R. China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- International Joint Research Center of Human‐machine Intelligent Collaborative for Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Hainan Province & Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of EducationSchool of Pharmacy & The First Affiliated HospitalHainan Medical UniversityHaikou571199P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Hou
- International Joint Research Center of Human‐machine Intelligent Collaborative for Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Hainan Province & Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of EducationSchool of Pharmacy & The First Affiliated HospitalHainan Medical UniversityHaikou571199P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- International Joint Research Center of Human‐machine Intelligent Collaborative for Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Hainan Province & Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of EducationSchool of Pharmacy & The First Affiliated HospitalHainan Medical UniversityHaikou571199P. R. China
| | - Guoping Chen
- International Joint Research Center of Human‐machine Intelligent Collaborative for Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Hainan Province & Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of EducationSchool of Pharmacy & The First Affiliated HospitalHainan Medical UniversityHaikou571199P. R. China
| | - Pir Muhammad
- International Joint Research Center of Human‐machine Intelligent Collaborative for Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Hainan Province & Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of EducationSchool of Pharmacy & The First Affiliated HospitalHainan Medical UniversityHaikou571199P. R. China
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research GroupI3Bs‐Research Institute on Biomaterials Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoGuimarães4805‐017Portugal
| | - Lin Ding
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation CenterShenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and TechnologyThe Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University)ShenzhenGuangdong518055P. R. China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Stem Cell and Cell TherapyShenzhen Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Clinical TransformationShenzhen Immune Cell Therapy Public Service PlatformShenzhen518020P. R. China
| | - Yanli Wang
- International Joint Research Center of Human‐machine Intelligent Collaborative for Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Hainan Province & Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of EducationSchool of Pharmacy & The First Affiliated HospitalHainan Medical UniversityHaikou571199P. R. China
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3
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Budiarto R, Mubarok S, Sholikin MM, Sari DN, Khalisha A, Sari SL, Rahmat BPN, Ujilestari T, Adli DN. Vitamin C variation in citrus in response to genotypes, storage temperatures, and storage times: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29125. [PMID: 38644865 PMCID: PMC11033113 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous published studies have highlighted discrepancies in the duration and storage temperature used for preserving vitamin C content on various citrus genotypes worldwide. The present study aimed to analyze the variation in vitamin C content as influenced by citrus genotype, duration, and storage temperature using meta-analysis approaches. Data searching, selection, and tabulation resulted in a comprehensive database constructed from 1412 data points gathered from 54 individual studies, following PRISMA-P guidelines. The vitamin C content varied widely, ranging from 0 to 76.2 mg/100 mL in whole data of citrus fruit. Meta-analysis findings revealed that the duration of storage significantly impacted the vitamin C content in citrus fruits. Specifically, for grapefruit, mandarin, and orange, the length of storage significantly influenced their vitamin C levels (P < 0.01), with a consistent decrease observed over time. The correlation coefficients (R2) were 0.63 for grapefruit, 0.9 for mandarin, and 0.69 for orange. In contrast, no significant difference was found in terms of vitamin C levels between hybrid and lime citrus concerning the impact of storage time. However, other results indicated a significant influence of storage temperature on the variation in vitamin C levels for both citrus and hybrid varieties (P < 0.001). Depending on the genotype, tangerine had significantly lower vitamin C content compared to other varieties, at 16.9 mg/100 mL, with vitamin C ranging from 13.2 to 20.9 mg/100 mL (P < 0.001). The highest vitamin C content was found in lemon and hybrid varieties, around 65.5 (range 59.3-76.2) and 48.3 (range 29.6-75.5), respectively, all in mg/100 mL (P < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a tendency for decreasing vitamin C concentration due to temperature (P = 0.078), while citrus variety experienced a decrease, although not significant. The ideal temperature (15 °C) and duration of storage (56 days) to minimize vitamin C loss in citrus fruits are at their optimum point. In conclusion, the deterioration of vitamin C in citrus fruits is influenced by both temperature and storage duration, and its content is also impacted by the variety of citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmat Budiarto
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Meta-Analysis in Plant Science (MAPS) Research Group, Bandung 40621, Indonesia
| | - Syariful Mubarok
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Miftakhus Sholikin
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization of Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor 16915, Indonesia
- Meta-Analysis in Plant Science (MAPS) Research Group, Bandung 40621, Indonesia
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group, IPB University, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
- Center for Tropical Animal Studies (CENTRAS), The Institute of Research and Community Empowerment of IPB (LPPM IPB), Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Novanda Sari
- Study Program of Agrotechnopreneur, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Ana Khalisha
- Study Program of Agrotechnopreneur, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Stefina Liana Sari
- Study Program of Agrotechnopreneur, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | | | - Tri Ujilestari
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Gunungkidul 55861, Indonesia
| | - Danung Nur Adli
- Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group, IPB University, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
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Sheng T, Shen RL, Shao H, Ma TH. Citrus fruit intake and incidence of renal cell carcinoma: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2024; 20:143-151. [PMID: 36658686 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Observational studies on the association between citrus fruit intake and risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have reported inconsistent results. We quantitatively assessed this association by conducting a meta-analysis. PubMed and Embase databases search was conducted including relevant studies published up to January, 2020. We included epidemiological studies that reported relative risks (RRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between citrus fruit intake and RCC risk. A total of eight epidemiological studies consisting of five cohort and three case-control studies were included. The overall analysis showed a significantly reduced risk of RCC for high intake of citrus fruit (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.73-0.95). No heterogeneity was detected among the included studies (p = 0.497 for heterogeneity; I2 = 0). There was no significant publication bias by Begg's test (p = 0.266) or Egger's test (P = 0.578). A statistically significant association between citrus fruit intake and RCC was observed in case-control studies (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.71-0.98), while no association was observed in cohort studies (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.64-1.05). In addition, the dose-response analysis indicated that the RCC risk reduced by 13% (95%CI 1.0%-27%, p = 0.04 for heterogeneity) for each 100 grams per day increment of citrus fruit intake. In summary, our findings suggest an inverse association between citrus fruit intake and RCC incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sheng
- Department of Urology, Jiaxing T.C.M. Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Rui-Lin Shen
- Department of Urology, Jiaxing T.C.M. Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Huan Shao
- Department of Urology, Jiaxing T.C.M. Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Tian-Hong Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiaxing T.C.M. Hospital, Jiaxing, China
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Han YM, Song MY, Lee DY, Lee SW, Ahn HR, Yoo J, Kim HJ, Kim EH. Gastric Mucosal Protective Effects of Cinnamomum cassia in a Rat Model of Ethanol-Induced Gastric Injury. Nutrients 2023; 16:55. [PMID: 38201885 PMCID: PMC10780402 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum cassia (cassia) is a tropical aromatic evergreen tree of the Lauraceae family well known for its fragrance and spicy flavor and widely used in Asian traditional medicine. It has recently garnered attention for its diverse potential health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic properties. However, the gastroprotective effect of C. cassia, particularly against ethanol-induced gastric damage, remains unclear. We investigated the potential gastroprotective property of C. cassia and the underlying mechanisms of action in a rat model of ethanol-induced gastric injury. To assess its effectiveness, rats were fed C. cassia for a 14-day period prior to inducing gastric damage by oral administration of ethanol. Our results indicated that pre-treatment with C. cassia mitigated ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions and bleeding. Reduced gastric acid secretion and expression of acid secretion-linked receptors were also observed. Additionally, pretreatment with C. cassia led to decreased levels of inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, p-p65, and IκBα. Notably, C. cassia upregulated the expressions of HO1 and HSP90, with particular emphasis on the enhanced expression of PAS and MUC, the crucial gastric mucosa defense molecules. These findings suggest that C. cassia has protective effects on the gastric mucosa and can effectively reduce oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Han
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea; (Y.-M.H.); (M.-Y.S.); (D.-Y.L.); (S.-W.L.); (H.-R.A.)
| | - Moon-Young Song
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea; (Y.-M.H.); (M.-Y.S.); (D.-Y.L.); (S.-W.L.); (H.-R.A.)
| | - Da-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea; (Y.-M.H.); (M.-Y.S.); (D.-Y.L.); (S.-W.L.); (H.-R.A.)
| | - Seung-Won Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea; (Y.-M.H.); (M.-Y.S.); (D.-Y.L.); (S.-W.L.); (H.-R.A.)
| | - Hye-Rin Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea; (Y.-M.H.); (M.-Y.S.); (D.-Y.L.); (S.-W.L.); (H.-R.A.)
| | - Jihee Yoo
- CHlabs Corporation, Seoul 07249, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyo Jun Kim
- Chong Kun Dang Healthcare, Seoul 07249, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea; (Y.-M.H.); (M.-Y.S.); (D.-Y.L.); (S.-W.L.); (H.-R.A.)
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Yang WJ, Zhao HP, Yu Y, Wang JH, Guo L, Liu JY, Pu J, Lv J. Updates on global epidemiology, risk and prognostic factors of gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:2452-2468. [PMID: 37179585 PMCID: PMC10167900 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i16.2452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is defined as the primary epithelial malignancy derived from the stomach, and it is a complicated and heterogeneous disease with multiple risk factors. Despite its overall declining trend of incidence and mortality in various countries over the past few decades, GC remains the fifth most common malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Although the global burden of GC has shown a significant downward trend, it remains severe in certain areas, such as Asia. GC ranks third in incidence and mortality among all cancer types in China, and it accounts for nearly 44.0% and 48.6% of new GC cases and GC-related deaths in the world, respectively. The regional differences in GC incidence and mortality are obvious, and annual new cases and deaths are increasing rapidly in some developing regions. Therefore, early preventive and screening strategies for GC are urgently needed. The clinical efficacies of conventional treatments for GC are limited, and the developing understanding of GC pathogenesis has increased the demand for new therapeutic regimens, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, cell immunotherapy and cancer vaccines. The present review describes the epidemiology of GC worldwide, especially in China, summarizes its risk and prognostic factors, and focuses on novel immunotherapies to develop therapeutic strategies for the management of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - He-Ping Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ji-Han Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jun-Ye Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jie Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
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Pasdaran A, Hamedi A, Shiehzadeh S, Hamedi A. A review of citrus plants as functional foods and dietary supplements for human health, with an emphasis on meta-analyses, clinical trials, and their chemical composition. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 54:311-336. [PMID: 36963879 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Fruits, flowers, leaves, essential oils, hydrosols, and juices of citrus spp. Are utilized to prepare various forms of food products. Along with their nutritional values, in the health industry, different parts of the plants of the citrus genus have been used as supplements or remedies to prevent or control diseases. This review focused on reported meta-analyses and clinical trials on the health benefits of citrus plants as functional foods. Also, chemical compounds of various citrus species were reviewed. The following information sources were used for data collection: Google Scholar, the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. Various keywords, including "citrus AND chemical compounds," "citrus AND phytochemicals," "citrus species," "citrus AND meta-analysis," "nutritional and therapeutical values of citrus spp.," "clinical trials AND citrus," "clinical trials AND Rutaceae," "health benefits of citrus spp.," "citrus edible or non-edible applications," and scientific names of the citrus plants were utilized to collect data for the review. The scientific name and common name of all twenty-eight citrus species, along with any of the above keywords, were also searched in the mentioned databases. Scientific papers and data sources were sought to review and discuss the citrus plant's nutritional and therapeutic importance. Several meta-analyses and clinical trials have reported beneficial effects of citrus spices on a variety of cancer risks, cardiovascular risk factors, neurologic disorders, urinary tract conditions, and gastrointestinal tract conditions. They have shown anxiolytic, antimicrobial, and pain-alleviating effects. Some of them can be helpful in managing obesity and cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Pasdaran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azar Hamedi
- School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Shiehzadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azadeh Hamedi
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Rapisarda P, Amenta M, Ballistreri G, Fabroni S, Timpanaro N. Distribution, Antioxidant Capacity, Bioavailability and Biological Properties of Anthocyanin Pigments in Blood Oranges and Other Citrus Species. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248675. [PMID: 36557809 PMCID: PMC9785241 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural pigments that give a red, purple, and blue color to many plant, flower, fruit, and vegetable species. Their presence within the genus Citrus was first reported in 1916, and it is well-known that the red color of the flesh and rind of blood (red or pigmented) oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) is due to the presence of anthocyanins. They are also present in the young shoots, flowers, and peel of lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.), citron (Citrus medica L.), and other citrus species. Since then, the scientific community has expressed increasing interest in studying their profile and distribution, with many published studies focused on the quali-quantitative pattern in the different vegetative tissues belonging to the genus Citrus. Moreover, with the discovery of their relevant antioxidant activity, owing to their ability to capture free radicals, much research has been performed in the last two decades on their radical scavenging power, in vitro and in vivo biological properties, and anticarcinogenic capacity, also focusing attention on their bioavailability for humans. The present work is intended as a comprehensive review of the advances in scientific research on anthocyanin pigments naturally occurring within the genus Citrus, including their natural distribution, antioxidant capacity, bioavailability, and biological value and properties. The scientific evidence herein reported can be used to further increase the knowledge of this class of compounds and represents a valuable and comprehensive contribution to promoting anthocyanin-rich citrus fruit consumption as a healthy dietary habit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Rapisarda
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, C.so Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Margherita Amenta
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, C.so Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ballistreri
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, C.so Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Simona Fabroni
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, C.so Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Nicolina Timpanaro
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, C.so Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
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Liu SJ, Huang PD, Xu JM, Li Q, Xie JH, Wu WZ, Wang CT, Yang XB. Diet and gastric cancer risk: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:1855-1868. [PMID: 35695929 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses evaluated the associations between dietary factors and the incidence of gastric cancer (GC). OBJECTIVES To evaluate the strength and validity of existing evidence, we conducted an umbrella review of published systematic reviews and meta-analyses that investigated the association between diets and GC incidence. METHODS We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for systematic reviews and meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies investigating the association between dietary factors and GC risk. For each association, we recalculated the adjusted summary estimates with their 95% confidence interval (CI) and 95% prediction interval (PI) using a random-effects model. We used the I2 statistic and Egger's test to assess heterogeneity and small-study effects, respectively. We also assessed the methodological quality of each study and the quality of evidence. RESULTS Finally, we identified 16 meta-analyses that described 57 associations in this umbrella review. Of the 57 associations, eight were statistically significant using random-effects, thirteen demonstrated substantial heterogeneity between studies (I2 > 50%), and three found small-study effects. The methodological quality of meta-analyses was classified as critically low for two (13%), low for thirteen (81%), and only one (6%) was rated as high confidence. Quality of evidence was rated high for a positive association for GC incidence with a higher intake of total alcohol (RR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.06-1.34) and moderate-quality evidence to support that increased processed meat consumption can increase GC incidence. Three associations (total fruit, vitamin E, and carotenoids) were determined to be supported by low-quality evidence, and two (pickled vegetables/foods and citrus fruit) were supported by very low-quality. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the dietary recommendations for preventative GC, emphasizing lower intake of alcohol and foods preserved by salting. New evidence suggests a possible role for total fruit, citrus fruit, carotenoids, and vitamin E. More research is needed on diets with lower quality evidence. REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021255115.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jun Liu
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pi-Di Huang
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Min Xu
- School of Second Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 36, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 36, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Zhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 36, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen-Tong Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 36, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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AL-ataby IA, Talib WH. Daily Consumption of Lemon and Ginger Herbal Infusion Caused Tumor Regression and Activation of the Immune System in a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer. Front Nutr 2022; 9:829101. [PMID: 35495945 PMCID: PMC9043650 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.829101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet includes the consumption of various fruits and vegetables. Lemon and ginger are highly popular in Mediterranean cuisine. The current study aims to evaluate both anticancer and immunomodulatory activities of lemon and ginger combination. The antiproliferative activities of the combination were tested against different cancer cell lines using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The degree of apoptosis induction and vascular endothelial growth factor expression were detected using ELISA. Balb/C mice were inoculated with the EMT6/P breast cancer cells and received combination water extract orally for 14 days. The effect of the water extract on splenocytes proliferation was measured using the mitogen proliferation assay. Macrophage function was evaluated using the nitro blue tetrazolium assay and pinocytosis was assessed using the neutral red method. Gas chromatography coupled to the tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine the composition of the combination. The lemon and ginger combination showed significant apoptosis induction and angiogenesis suppression effects. Fifty percent of the mice taking this combination did not develop tumors with a percentage of tumor reduction of 32.8%. This combination showed a potent effect in stimulating pinocytosis. Alpha-pinene and α-terpineol were detected in high percentages in the combination water extract. The lemon and ginger combination represents promising options to develop anticancer infusions for augmenting conventional anticancer therapies. Further testing is required to understand the exact molecular mechanisms of this combination.
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11
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Ilic M, Ilic I. Epidemiology of stomach cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:1187-1203. [PMID: 35431510 PMCID: PMC8968487 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i12.1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a decline in incidence and mortality during the last decades, stomach cancer is one of the main health challenges worldwide. According to the GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates, stomach cancer caused approximately 800000 deaths (accounting for 7.7% of all cancer deaths), and ranks as the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in both genders combined. About 1.1 million new cases of stomach cancer were diagnosed in 2020 (accounting for 5.6% of all cancer cases). About 75% of all new cases and all deaths from stomach cancer are reported in Asia. Stomach cancer is one of the most lethal malignant tumors, with a five-year survival rate of around 20%. There are some well-established risk factors for stomach cancer: Helicobacter pylori infection, dietary factors, tobacco, obesity, and radiation. To date, the most important way of preventing stomach cancer is reduced exposure to risk factors, as well as screening and early detection. Further research on risk factors can help identify various opportunities for more effective prevention. Screening programs for stomach cancer have been implemented in a few countries, either as a national or opportunistic screening of high-risk individuals only. Generally, due to its high aggressiveness and heterogeneity, stomach cancer still remains a severe global health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Ilic
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
| | - Irena Ilic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
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12
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Bae JM. Sex as an effect modifier in the association between alcohol intake and gastric cancer risk. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:453-461. [PMID: 34040705 PMCID: PMC8131903 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i5.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The results of previous meta-analyses evaluating the association between the alcohol intake and gastric cancer risk have reported that a statistical significance only for men.
AIM To investigate the different association between alcohol intake and gastric cancer risk between men and women.
METHODS The selection criteria included a prospective cohort study for evaluating alcohol intake and gastric cancer risk, with relative risks adjusted for potential confounders. Adjusted relative risk (RR) for the potential confounders and its 95% confidence interval (CI) in the highest vs lowest level were extracted from each study and a random-effects meta-analysis was conducted. Subgroup analyses by region, level of adjustment for smoking status, adjusting for body mass index, and year of publication were conducted.
RESULTS A meta-analysis of all 27 cohorts showed that alcohol intake increased the risk of gastric cancer (summary RR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.04-1.23, I2 = 58.2%). Further, 13 men’s cohorts had higher summary RR while maintaining statistical significance, and only seven women’s cohorts had no statistical significance.
CONCLUSION The present review suggests that alcohol consumption increases the risk of gastric cancer in men. These findings showed that the sex variable in the association between alcohol intake and gastric cancer risk seemed to be an effect modifier with an interaction term. It is necessary to re-estimate follow-up outcomes after stratifying for sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Myon Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju-si 63243, Jeju, South Korea
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13
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Hurtado-Barroso S, Trius-Soler M, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Zamora-Ros R. Vegetable and Fruit Consumption and Prognosis Among Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:1569-1582. [PMID: 32717747 PMCID: PMC7666913 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of cancer survivors is growing rapidly worldwide, especially long-term survivors. Although a healthy diet with a high vegetable and fruit consumption is a key factor in primary cancer prevention, there is a lack of specific dietary recommendations for cancer survivors, except in the case of breast cancer [World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) report]. We have therefore carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies reporting on the associations between vegetable and fruit intake with cancer recurrence and mortality and all-cause mortality in cancer patients. After a comprehensive search of PubMed and Scopus databases, the results of 28 selected articles were analyzed. A high vegetable intake before diagnosis was inversely associated with overall mortality in survivors of head and neck (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.87) and ovarian cancer (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.91). In ovarian cancer patients, prediagnosis fruit intake was also inversely associated with all-cause mortality (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.96). The evidence was insufficient for survivors of other cancers, although these associations generally tended to be protective. Therefore, more studies are needed to clarify the association between vegetable and fruit consumption and the prognosis of these different types of cancer. To date, the general recommendation to consume ≥5 servings of vegetables and fruit per day (∼400 g/d) could underestimate the needs of cancer survivors, particularly those with ovarian tumors, in which the recommendation could increase to ∼600 g/d (i.e., 300 g/d of vegetables and 300 g/d of fruit).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hurtado-Barroso
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute at the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Trius-Soler
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute at the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute at the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Zamora-Ros
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute at the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
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Icaza-Chávez M, Tanimoto M, Huerta-Iga F, Remes-Troche J, Carmona-Sánchez R, Ángeles-Ángeles A, Bosques-Padilla F, Blancas-Valencia J, Grajales-Figueroa G, Hernández-Mondragón O, Hernández-Guerrero A, Herrera-Servín M, Huitzil-Meléndez F, Kimura-Fujikami K, León-Rodríguez E, Medina-Franco H, Ramírez-Luna M, Sampieri C, Vega-Ramos B, Zentella-Dehesa A. The Mexican consensus on the detection and treatment of early gastric cancer. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Icaza-Chávez ME, Tanimoto MA, Huerta-Iga FM, Remes-Troche JM, Carmona-Sánchez R, Ángeles-Ángeles A, Bosques-Padilla FJ, Blancas-Valencia JM, Grajales-Figueroa G, Hernández-Mondragón OV, Hernández-Guerrero AI, Herrera-Servín MA, Huitzil-Meléndez FD, Kimura-Fujikami K, León-Rodríguez E, Medina-Franco H, Ramírez-Luna MA, Sampieri CL, Vega-Ramos B, Zentella-Dehesa A. The Mexican consensus on the detection and treatment of early gastric cancer. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO 2019; 85:69-85. [PMID: 31859080 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most frequent neoplasias in the digestive tract and is the result of premalignant lesion progression in the majority of cases. Opportune detection of those lesions is relevant, given that timely treatment offers the possibility of cure. There is no consensus in Mexico on the early detection of gastric cancer, and therefore, the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología brought together a group of experts and produced the "Mexican consensus on the detection and treatment of early gastric cancer" to establish useful recommendations for the medical community. The Delphi methodology was employed, and 38 recommendations related to early gastric cancer were formulated. The consensus defines early gastric cancer as that which at diagnosis is limited to the mucosa and submucosa, irrespective of lymph node metástasis. In Mexico, as in other parts of the world, factors associated with early gastric cancer include Helicobacter pylori infection, a family history of the disease, smoking, and diet. Chromoendoscopy, magnification endoscopy, and equipment-based image-enhanced endoscopy are recommended for making the diagnosis, and accurate histopathologic diagnosis is invaluable for making therapeutic decisions. The endoscopic treatment of early gastric cancer, whether dissection or resection of the mucosa, should be preferred to surgical management, when similar oncologic cure results can be obtained. Endoscopic surveillance should be individualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Icaza-Chávez
- Gastroenterología, Consulta privada, Hospital Star Médica de Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
| | - M A Tanimoto
- Departamento de Servicios Auxiliares y Diagnósticos, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición «Salvador Zubirán», Ciudad de México, México
| | - F M Huerta-Iga
- Gastroenterología, Hospital Ángeles Torreón, Torreón, Coahuila, México
| | - J M Remes-Troche
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Digestiva y Motilidad Gastrointestinal, Instituto de Investigaciones Medico Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México
| | - R Carmona-Sánchez
- Unidad de Medicina Ambulatoria Christus Muguerza, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - A Ángeles-Ángeles
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición «Salvador Zubirán», Ciudad de México, México
| | - F J Bosques-Padilla
- Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario «Dr. José Eleuterio González», Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | | | - G Grajales-Figueroa
- Departamento de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición «Salvador Zubirán», Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - A I Hernández-Guerrero
- Departamento de Endoscopia, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - M A Herrera-Servín
- Departamento de Endoscopia, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - F D Huitzil-Meléndez
- Departamento de Oncología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición «Salvador Zubirán», Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - E León-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Oncología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición «Salvador Zubirán», Ciudad de México, México
| | - H Medina-Franco
- Departamento de Cirugía, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición «Salvador Zubirán», Ciudad de México, México
| | - M A Ramírez-Luna
- Departamento de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición «Salvador Zubirán», Ciudad de México, México
| | - C L Sampieri
- Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - B Vega-Ramos
- Laboratorio de Patología del Surestes, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - A Zentella-Dehesa
- Departamento Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Ciudad de México, México
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Tajaldini M, Samadi F, Khosravi A, Ghasemnejad A, Asadi J. Protective and anticancer effects of orange peel extract and naringin in doxorubicin treated esophageal cancer stem cell xenograft tumor mouse model. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109594. [PMID: 31707344 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND chemotherapy drugs are the common therapy for cancer cells with side effects. Recent studies reported that natural products may contribute to decreasing the side effects of chemotherapy drugs. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of orange peel extract (OPE) and its main compound; naringin (NR) to protect the side effects of doxorubicin (Dox) in esophageal cancer stem cells (CSCs) derived tumors in vivo. METHODS for this purpose, Esophageal cancer cell (YM1) derived spheres were treated in vitro with OPE, NR, Dox, Dox in combination with OPE or NR. The cell viability was assessed by XTT and the apoptosis was measured using Annexin/7-AAD and the cell cycle was also quantified by using PI staining method. The pluripotency related genes expression was carried out using qRT-PCR The protective effects of OPE and NR were evaluated by body weight evaluation and oxidative stress factors: malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) measurement in xenograft mice tumor model injected with Dox. RESULTS ESCC CSCs overexpress SOX2 and OCT4 pluripotency genes. OPE or NR can protect the cellular toxicity of Dox in vitro mainly by decreasing cellular apoptosis of ESCC CSCs however S-phase cell cycle arrest has not been affected significantly. In vivo experiments revealed that the use of Dox simultaneously with OPE or NR not only can reduce the tumor size but also the body weight of the treated nude mice were maintained in comparison to Dox alone. In contrast to Dox alone, Dox in combination with OPE or NR showed less systemic toxicity and decreased oxidative stress fraction circulation, however, OPE seemed as more protective. CONCLUSION The results suggest that these natural compounds can be used as adjuvant therapy to lower systemic toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents like DOX in ESCC cancer stem cells treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Tajaldini
- Department of Animal and Poultry Physiology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Firooz Samadi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Physiology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ayyoob Khosravi
- Stem cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Azim Ghasemnejad
- Department of horticultural Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Jahanbakhsh Asadi
- Metabolic Disorder Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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A Review of the Science of Colorful, Plant-Based Food and Practical Strategies for "Eating the Rainbow". J Nutr Metab 2019; 2019:2125070. [PMID: 33414957 PMCID: PMC7770496 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2125070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, thousands of published studies have amassed supporting recommendations to consume fruits and vegetables for physiological and psychological health. Newer research has emerged to suggest that these plant-based foods contain a plethora of not only vitamins and minerals, but perhaps, most importantly, phytonutrients. These phytonutrients have known pleiotropic effects on cellular structure and function, ultimately resulting in the modulation of protein kinases and subsequent epigenetic modification in a manner that leads to improved outcomes. Even though eating fruits and vegetables is a well-known feature of a healthy dietary pattern, population intakes continue to be below federal recommendations. To encourage consumers to include fruits and vegetables into their diet, an “eat by color” approach is proposed in this review. Although each individual food may have numerous effects based on its constituents, the goal of this simplified approach was to identify general patterns of benefits based on the preponderance of scientific data and known mechanisms of food-based constituents. It is suggested that such a consumer-oriented categorization of these plant-based foods may lead to greater recognition of their importance in the daily diet throughout the lifespan. Other adjunctive strategies to heighten awareness of fruits and vegetables are discussed.
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Nair S A, Sr RK, Nair AS, Baby S. Citrus peels prevent cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 50:231-237. [PMID: 30466983 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrus comprises the largest fruit sector worldwide, and its fruit peels are the dominant 'residue' of the industry. Though not profitable, Citrus peels are industrially used for making some byproducts (cattle feed, molasses, ethanol, fiber) and for the extraction of bioactives (flavonoids, essential oils, d-limonene). Still huge amounts of peels are wasted by Citrus industries, juice and other vending sectors. PURPOSE The biological potentials of these unutilized or 'wasted' Citrus peels are least exploited. Here we tested the anticancer potentials of Citrus medica (2 morphotypes), C. sinensis, C. maxima, C. limon and C. reticulata peels by in vitro assays and in vivo cancer models. METHODS Chemical profiles of Citrus peel oils and peel extracts were analyzed by gas chromatographic techniques (GC-FID, GC-MS) and HPTLC-densitometry, respectively. Anticancer potentials of Citrus peels (Citrus medica 2 morphotypes, C. sinensis, C. maxima, C. limon and C. reticulata) were evaluated by various in vitro assays (MTT assay, morphological observations, fast halo assay, flow cytometric analysis) and in vivo cancer models. RESULTS C. reticulata peels (extracts, essential oils) showed significant activity against DLA cell line in MTT assay. We found C. reticulata peel water extract inducing cell cycle arrest of DLA in G0/G1 phase followed by nuclear condensation, membrane blebbing, formation of apoptotic bodies and DNA damage leading to apoptosis. In in vivo experiments, C. reticulata peel extract pre-treated mice were significantly (50%) protected from DLA compared to post-treated mice (33%), without any conspicuous toxic symptoms. Citrus peels have volatiles (essential oils, limonoids) and non-volatiles (mainly polymethoxy flavones) as their bioactive/anticancer constituents. CONCLUSION Our results encourage the use of Citrus peels, which is wasted in huge amounts, as cancer preventive food additives and as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajikumaran Nair S
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Pacha-Palode 695 562 Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - Rajani Kurup Sr
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Pacha-Palode 695 562 Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - Akhila S Nair
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Pacha-Palode 695 562 Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - Sabulal Baby
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Pacha-Palode 695 562 Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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Lee SM, Park SY, Kim MJ, Cho EA, Jun CH, Park CH, Kim HS, Choi SK, Rew JS. Key lime ( Citrus aurantifolia) inhibits the growth of triple drug resistant Helicobacter pylori. Gut Pathog 2018; 10:16. [PMID: 29942354 PMCID: PMC5961513 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-018-0244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Eradication rate for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has decreased due to antibiotic resistance. Therefore, new strategies are needed to enhance H. pylori eradication, especially for H. pylori with high antibiotic resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate anti-H. pylori activities of constituents from key lime (Citrus aurantifolia) and their possible inhibitory effects on urease activity of H. pylori. Methods Helicobacter pylori strain ATCC 43526 and triple drug resistant (TDR) H. pylori strains were used in this study. Urease activities of H. pylori strains were measured by ammonia colorimetrical quantification using ELISA reader. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by agar dilution method for antibiotics and by modified media dilution method for each constituent of Citrus aurantifolia (C. aurantifolia). Results Citrus aurantifolia extract decreased the number of colonies of H. pylori strain ATCC 43526 and TDR H. pylori stains. An increasing concentration of C. aurantifolia extract attenuated urease activities of H. pylori strain ATCC 43526 and TDR H. pylori strains. Among constituents of C. aurantifolia, citral and 4-hexen-3-one were found to be able to inhibit the growth of H. pylori strain ATCC 43526 and TDR H. pylori strains. Furthermore, citral and 4-hexen-3-one inhibited urease activities of H. pylori strain ATCC 43526 and TDR H. pylori strains in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Citrus aurantifolia has antimicrobial effect on TDR H. pylori strains, suggesting that C. aurantifolia might have therapeutic potential to control antibiotic-resistant H. pylori strains that cause eradication failure using other antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Mi Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42, Jaebongro, Dong-ku Gwangju, 501-757 South Korea
| | - Seon-Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42, Jaebongro, Dong-ku Gwangju, 501-757 South Korea
| | - Moon-Ju Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42, Jaebongro, Dong-ku Gwangju, 501-757 South Korea
| | - Eun-Ae Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42, Jaebongro, Dong-ku Gwangju, 501-757 South Korea
| | - Chung-Hwan Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42, Jaebongro, Dong-ku Gwangju, 501-757 South Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42, Jaebongro, Dong-ku Gwangju, 501-757 South Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42, Jaebongro, Dong-ku Gwangju, 501-757 South Korea
| | - Sung-Kyu Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42, Jaebongro, Dong-ku Gwangju, 501-757 South Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Rew
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42, Jaebongro, Dong-ku Gwangju, 501-757 South Korea
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He Z, Zhao TT, Xu HM, Wang ZN, Xu YY, Song YX, Ni ZR, Xu H, Yin SC, Liu XY, Miao ZF. Association between alcohol consumption and the risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84459-84472. [PMID: 29137439 PMCID: PMC5663611 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is inconsistently associated with the risk of gastric cancer morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the association between alcohol consumption on gastric cancer risk. The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception through April 2017. Prospective cohort studies evaluating the association between alcohol consumption and risk of gastric cancer which report its effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were included. The results summary was performed using the random-effect model. Twenty-two cohort studies involving 22,545 cases of gastric cancer and 5,820,431 participants were identified and included in our data analysis. Overall, drinking had little or no effect on gastric cancer as compared with non-drinkers. Furthermore, light and moderate alcohol consumption had no significant effect on gastric cancer risk when compared with non-drinkers. However, heavy alcohol consumption was associated with a greater risk of gastric cancer when compared with non-drinkers. The findings of the subgroup analyses indicated that light alcohol consumption was associated with a lower risk of gastric cancer in women, while heavy alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer regardless of country, gender, whether the study reported gastric cancer incidence, or whether the study adjusted for body mass index, educational attainment, or physical activity. The findings of this study suggest that light alcohol consumption might play a protective effect on gastric cancer in women, while heavy alcohol consumption is associated with a significantly increased risk of gastric cancer in all subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hui-Mian Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhen-Ning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ying-Ying Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yong-Xi Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhong-Ran Ni
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,School of Life Science, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Song-Cheng Yin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xing-Yu Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Miao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Consumption of garlic and lemon aqueous extracts combination reduces tumor burden by angiogenesis inhibition, apoptosis induction, and immune system modulation. Nutrition 2017; 43-44:89-97. [PMID: 28935151 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dietary agents play an important role in cancer prevention and therapy because of their low toxicity and the perception that they are not a medicine. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anticancer effect of the administration of garlic and lemon aqueous extracts against breast cancer implanted in mice. METHODS We used 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay to determine the antiproliferative effect of both extracts and their combinations. Isobolographic method was used to calculate the combination index. Balb/C mice were inoculated with EMT6/P breast cancer cells and received intragastric administration of one of three treatments (garlic alone, lemon alone, or a combination of both). Change in tumor size and survival rates were measured. TUNEL assay was used to measure apoptosis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Serum levels of interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and IL-10 were measured using ELISA and levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and creatinine were determined. RESULTS The combination of both extracts acts synergistically against breast cancer in mice. Of the treated mice, 80% were cured using this combination. This combination inhibited angiogenesis, induced apoptosis, and caused systemic activation in the immune system. CONCLUSIONS The combination of garlic and lemon aqueous extracts represents a promising option to develop an anticancer food for augmenting conventional anticancer therapies. However, further testing is essential to understand the exact molecular mechanisms of this combination and to test its therapeutic effect against other cancer models.
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