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Gholami F, Hajiheidari A, Barkhidarian B, Soveid N, Yekaninejad MS, Karimi Z, Bahrampour N, Keshavarz SA, Javdan G, Mirzaei K. A comparison of principal component analysis, reduced-rank regression, and partial least-squares in the identification of dietary patterns associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in Iranian overweight and obese women. BMC Med Res Methodol 2024; 24:215. [PMID: 39333898 PMCID: PMC11428567 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-024-02298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to epidemiological studies, unhealthy dietary patterns and lifestyle lead to rising obesity and cardiometabolic diseases in Iran. Hybrid techniques were used to identify a dietary pattern characterized by fiber, folic acid, and carotenoid intake due to their association with cardiometabolic risk factors such as anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, lipid profile, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor (PAI), Homeostatic Model Assessment Index (HOMA Index), cardiometabolic index (CMI), and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1). So, the objective of the recent study is to compare the reduced-rank regression (RRR) and partial least-squares (PLS) approaches to principal component analysis (PCA) for estimating diet-cardiometabolic risk factor correlations in Iranian obese women. METHODS Data on dietary intake was gathered from 376 healthy overweight and obese females aged 18 to 65 years using a 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). In this cross-sectional study, participants were referred to health centers of Tehran. Dietary patterns were developed using PCA, PLS, and RRR, and their outputs were assessed to identify reasonable patterns connected to cardiometabolic risk factors. The response variables for PLS and RRR were fiber, folic acid, and carotenoid intake. RESULTS In this study, 3 dietary patterns were identified by the PCA method, 2 dietary patterns by the PLS method, and one dietary pattern by the RRR method. High adherence to the plant-based dietary pattern identified by all methods were associated with higher fat free mass index (FFMI) (P < 0.05). Women in the highest tertile of the plant-based dietary pattern identified by PLS had 0.06 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.007,0.66, P = 0.02), 0.36 mmHg (95% CI: 0.14,0.88, P = 0.02), and 0.46 mg/l (95% CI: 0.25,0.82, P < 0.001), lower FBS, DBP, and CRP respectively than women in the first tertile. Also, PLS and RRR-derived patterns explained greater variance in the outcome (PCA: 1.05%; PLS: 11.62%; RRR: 25.28%), while the PCA dietary patterns explained greater variance in the food groups (PCA: 22.81%; PLS: 14.54%; RRR: 1.59%). CONCLUSION PLS was found to be more appropriate in determining dietary patterns associated with cardiometabolic-related risk factors. Nevertheless, the advantage of PLS over PCA and RRR must be confirmed in future longitudinal studies with extended follow-up in different settings, population groups, and response variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Gholami
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O Box 6446, 14155, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Bahareh Barkhidarian
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O Box 6446, 14155, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Soveid
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O Box 6446, 14155, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Saeid Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Karimi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niki Bahrampour
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (SRBIAU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Keshavarz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamali Javdan
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar 'Abbas, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O Box 6446, 14155, Tehran, Iran.
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Liu D, Tan S, Zhou Z, Gu S, Zuo H. Trimethylamine N-oxide, β-alanine, tryptophan index, and vitamin B6-related dietary patterns in association with stroke risk. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1179-1188. [PMID: 38218714 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The aim of this study was to examine the associations of dietary patterns derived by reduced-rank regression (RRR) model reflecting variation in novel biomarkers (trimethylamine N-oxide, β-alanine, tryptophan index, and vitamin B6) with stroke risk. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed analyses based on a community-based cohort study "the Prospective Follow-up Study on Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in China (PFS-CMMC)". Factor loadings were calculated by RRR using 11 food groups collected via a validated food frequency questionnaire and the four response variables based on its nested case-control data (393 cases of stroke vs. 393 matched controls). Dietary pattern scores were derived by applying the factor loadings to the food groups in the entire cohort (n = 15,518). The associations of dietary pattern with the stroke risk were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. The dietary pattern characterized with higher intakes of red meat and poultry but lower intakes of fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, and fish/seafoods were identified for further analyses. The hazard ratios (HR) for the highest vs. lowest quartile was 1.55 [95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.18-2.03, P trend = 0.001] for total stroke, 2.96 [95 % CI: 1.53-5.71, P trend <0.001] for non-ischemic stroke, after adjustment for sex, age, educational attainment, current smoking, current drinking, body mass index, total energy intake, family history of stroke, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the importance of limited meat intake and increased intakes of fresh vegetables, fruits, and fish/seafoods in the prevention of stroke among Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Siyue Tan
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhengyuan Zhou
- Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China
| | - Shujun Gu
- Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China.
| | - Hui Zuo
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Yang Y, Piao W, Cai S, Huang K, Yuan C, Cheng X, Zhang L, Li Y, Zhao L, Yu D. Comparison of data-driven identified hypertension-protective dietary patterns among Chinese adults: based on a nationwide study. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2805-2825. [PMID: 37335360 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diet pattern (DP) is a key modifiable and cost-effective factor in hypertension (HTN) management. The current study aimed to identify and compare the hypertension-protective DPs among Chinese adults. METHODS 52,648 participants aged over 18 years were included from China Nutrition and Health Surveillance (CNHS) 2015-2017. Reduced rank regression (RRR) and partial least square regression (PLS) was applied to identify the DPs. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to assess the association between the DPs and HTN. RESULTS DPs derived by RRR and PLS were both featured by higher consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits, mushrooms and edible fungi, seaweeds, soybeans and related products, mixed legumes, dairy products, fresh eggs, and lower of refined grain consumption. Compared to the lowest quintile, participants in the highest quintile had lower odds of HTN (RRR-DP: OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.72-0.83; PLS-DP: OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.71-0.82; all p < 0.0001). Simplified DP scores were observed the same protective tendencies (Simplified RRR-DP: OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.75-0.87; Simplified PLS-DP: OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.74-0.85; all p < 0.0001) and showed effective extrapolation in subgroups defined by gender, age, location, lifestyle, and different metabolic conditions. CONCLUSIONS The identified DPs had high conformity with East Asian dietary habits, and significantly negative associations with HTN among Chinese adults. The simplified DP technique also indicated the potential for improving the extrapolation of the results of DP analysis related to HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Yang
- Department of Nutrition Surveillance, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wei Piao
- Department of Nutrition Surveillance, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shuya Cai
- Department of Nutrition Surveillance, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Nutrition Surveillance, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Changzheng Yuan
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xue Cheng
- Department of Nutrition Surveillance, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmenwai, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yuge Li
- Department of Nutrition Surveillance, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Liyun Zhao
- Department of Nutrition Surveillance, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Dongmei Yu
- Department of Nutrition Surveillance, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Moslehi N, Rahimi Sakak F, Mahdavi M, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Visceral adiposity-related dietary patterns and the risk of cardiovascular disease in Iranian adults: A population-based cohort study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:812701. [PMID: 35967797 PMCID: PMC9366611 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.812701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Visceral obesity is a significant predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Diet may associate with CVD risk through its effects on visceral adiposity. This study aimed to find dietary patterns (DPs) related to indicators of visceral adiposity and to determine whether the DPs were associated with CVD risk. Methods This prospective study included 2,496 participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) without CVD, who were followed from the third study examination (2005–2008; baseline) to March 2018. DPs at baseline were determined using reduced rank regression (RRR) and partial least squares regression (PLS). The response variables were age and BMI-adjusted waist circumference (WC) and age-adjusted visceral adiposity index (VAI). Results Two and three DPs were retained with RRR and PLS, respectively. The first patterns of each method were mainly characterized by adjusted-WC (RRR: 10.8%, PLS: 8.6%); none of them were associated with CVD risk. The second pattern of RRR and the third pattern of PLS were mainly explained by adjusted-VAI (RRR: 3.3, PLS: 2.1%). After adjusting for CVD risk factors, the hazard ratios [95% confidence intervals (CI)] for CVD in the second and third tertiles of the RRR-pattern 2 were 1.76 (1.15, 2.69) and 1.55 (1.00, 2.43) vs. the first tertile (p-trend: 0.058). This pattern had high positive loadings for non-leafy vegetables, pickled vegetables, fried vegetables, and bread and high negative loadings for eggs, cakes, butter, jam-honey, red meat, poultry, fish, juice, non-fermented dairy, and fruits. Per one SD increase in PLS-pattern 3 score, the risk of CVD was 19% higher (95%CI = 3–38%). This positive association was also observed across tertiles of the pattern (p-trend: 0.032). This pattern was characterized by high intakes of leafy vegetables, non-leafy vegetables, organ meat, soft drinks, olive oil, pickled vegetables, fried vegetables, and bread and low intakes of biscuits, cakes, butter, eggs, and non-fermented dairy. Conclusion For each of the RRR and PLS approaches, a visceral-related DP that was positively linked to CVD was identified. These two patterns had a modest correlation. The pattern generated by PLS explained more variations in food groups and offered stronger evidence of association with CVD than the RRR-derived pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Moslehi
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahimi Sakak
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahdavi
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Samadani M, Mansoori A, Haybar H, Haidari F, Mohammadshahi M. Association Between Dietary Quality Indices and Atherosclerosis Risk: A Case-Control Study. Nutr Metab Insights 2022; 15:11786388221111934. [PMID: 35874271 PMCID: PMC9301100 DOI: 10.1177/11786388221111934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several diet quality scores have been developed to evaluate the health
benefits of individual diets such as Healthy Eating Index (HEI), Dietary
Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Mediterranean diet score (Med).
This study aims to determine the relationship between dominant dietary
health scores with the risk of atherosclerosis in Iranian adults. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 323 patients with atherosclerosis
and 334 individuals without atherosclerosis as control group. Food Frequency
Questionnaire was used for obtaining dietary intakes; then HEI, DASH score,
and Med score was calculated. Logistic regression models were used to
calculate Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence intervals (CI) between
quartiles of the HEI, DASH and Med and atherosclerosis risk. Results: The results showed that total scores for HEI, DASH, and Med in control group
was higher than the atherosclerosis group. The results also indicated that
higher adherence to HEI (OR: 0.43; CI: [0.24, 0.76],
P-trend = .006), DASH (OR: 0.48; CI: [0.3, 0.78],
P-trend = .003), and Mediterranean pattern (OR: 0.4;
CI: [0.21, 0.76]) decreased odds ratio of atherosclerosis. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that adherence to HEI, DASH, and Mediterranean diet
might be associated with a lower risk of Atherosclerosis and can have a
positive effect on general health and prevention of chronic diseases in
people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Samadani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Anahita Mansoori
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Habib Haybar
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Haidari
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Majid Mohammadshahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Hyperlipidemic Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Piernas C, Gao M, Jebb SA. Dietary patterns derived by reduced rank regression and non-communicable disease risk. Proc Nutr Soc 2022:1-8. [PMID: 35765989 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665122001094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Most current nutrition policies and dietary recommendations still reflect decades of research addressing the mechanism of action or health risks of individual nutrients. Yet, most high-income countries including the UK are far from reaching the dietary intakes which are recommended for good health. Food-based dietary patterns (DPs) can help target specific combinations of foods that are associated with disease risk, recognising the coexistence of multiple nutrients within foods and their potential synergistic effects. Reduced rank regression (RRR) has emerged as a useful exploratory approach which uses a priori knowledge of the pathway from diet to disease to help identify DPs which are associated with disease risk in a particular population. Here we reviewed the literature with a focus on longitudinal cohort studies using RRR to derive DPs and reporting associations with non-communicable disease risk. We also illustrated the application of the RRR approach using data from the UK Biobank study, where we derived DPs that explained high variability in a set of nutrient response variables. The main DP was characterised by high intakes of chocolate and confectionery, butter and low-fibre bread, and low intakes of fresh fruit and vegetables and showed particularly strong associations with CVD, type 2 diabetes and all-cause mortality, which is consistent with previous studies that derived 'Western' or unhealthy DPs. These recent studies conducted in the UK Biobank population together with evidence from previous cohort studies contribute to the emerging evidence base to underpin food-based dietary advice for non-communicable disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Piernas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Min Gao
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan A Jebb
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Lazarova SV, Jessri M. Associations between dietary patterns and cardiovascular disease risk in Canadian adults: a comparison of partial least squares, reduced rank regression, and the simplified dietary pattern technique. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:362-377. [PMID: 35511218 PMCID: PMC9348992 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hybrid methodologies have gained continuing interest as unique data reduction techniques for establishing a direct link between dietary exposures and clinical outcomes. OBJECTIVES We aimed to compare partial least squares (PLS) and reduced rank regression (RRR) in identifying a dietary pattern associated with a high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in Canadian adults, construct PLS- and RRR-based simplified dietary patterns, and assess associations between the 4 dietary pattern scores and CVD risk. METHODS Data were collected from 24-h dietary recalls of adult respondents in the 2 cycles of the nationally representative Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)-Nutrition: CCHS 2004 linked to health administrative databases (n = 12,313) and CCHS 2015 (n = 14,020). Using 39 food groups, PLS and RRR were applied for identification of an energy-dense (ED), high-saturated-fat (HSF), and low-fiber-density (LFD) dietary pattern. Associations of the derived dietary pattern scores with lifestyle characteristics and CVD risk were examined using weighted multivariate regression and weighted multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models, respectively. RESULTS PLS and RRR identified highly similar ED, HSF, and LFD dietary patterns with common high positive loadings for fast food, carbonated drinks, salty snacks, and solid fats, and high negative loadings for fruit, dark green vegetables, red and orange vegetables, other vegetables, whole grains, and legumes and soy (≥|0.17|). Food groups with the highest loadings were summed to form simplified pattern scores. Although the dietary patterns were not significantly associated with CVD risk, they were positively associated with 402-kcal/d higher energy intake (P-trends < 0.05) and higher obesity risk (PLS: OR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.62, 2.70; RRR: OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.44, 2.17) (P-trends < 0.0001) in the fourth quartiles. CONCLUSIONS PLS and RRR were shown to be equally effective for the derivation of a high-CVD-risk dietary pattern among Canadian adults. Further research is warranted on the role of major dietary components in cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svilena V Lazarova
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Lee HA, An H, Lee E. Dietary patterns related to cardiovascular disease based on reduced rank regression analysis of healthy middle-aged Koreans: data from the community-based Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:1159-1169. [PMID: 32338724 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary patterns (DPs) provide a comprehensive picture of the foods consumed by an individual. OBJECTIVES Using 12-y follow-up data from the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study (KoGES), we determined the associations of DPs with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) using reduced rank regression (RRR). METHODS This study analyzed the data of 7354 CVD-free subjects aged 40-69 y drawn from the community-based KoGES cohort. Based on the daily intake of 26 food groups at baseline, we identified DPs based on retinol, vitamin B-2 (riboflavin), and vitamin B-3 (niacin) intakes using RRR. The effects of the DPs on incident CVD were assessed using HRs with 95% CIs. Furthermore, using a marginal structural model, the association between DPs and incident CVD was evaluated after adjusting for time-varying confounders. RESULTS The incidence of CVD during the follow-up period was 3.7 per 1000 person-years (n = 274). The identified DP accounted for 28.99% of the variation in the response variables (i.e., the intake amounts of all 3 nutrients) and was characterized by high intakes of eggs, fish, milk, and dairy products. The effect of DP quintile on incident CVD differed by sex (Pinteraction = 0.03); the highest DP quintile was associated with a protective effect against the development of CVD in women (HR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.22, 0.89), but not in men (HR: 1.57; 95% CI: 0.82, 3.00), compared with the lowest quintile. Even after adjusting for time-dependent variables, the effect of DP on incident CVD was significant in women (HR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.22, 0.84), but not in men (HR: 1.49; 95% CI: 0.71, 3.10). CONCLUSIONS In this study, we identified DPs related to CVD, and a DP characterized by high intakes of eggs, fish, milk, and dairy products protected against incident CVD in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ah Lee
- Clinical Trial Center, Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoin An
- Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - EunJin Lee
- Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Naja F, Itani L, Hwalla N, Sibai AM, Kharroubi SA. Identification of dietary patterns associated with elevated blood pressure among Lebanese men: A comparison of principal component analysis with reduced rank regression and partial least square methods. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220942. [PMID: 31419246 PMCID: PMC6697315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the associations of dietary patterns with odds of elevated Blood Pressure (BP) among Lebanese adult males using principal component analysis (PCA), and compare the results to two other data reduction methods, including reduced rank regression (RRR) and partial least-squares (PLS) regression. METHODS Data from the National Nutrition and Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Survey conducted in Lebanon between years 2008 and 2009 were used. Dietary intake data were collected by a 61-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). In addition, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were obtained following standard techniques. For the purpose of this study, data of males older than 20 years with no history of chronic diseases were selected (n = 673). Elevated BP was indicated if the systolic blood pressure was > = 130mm Hg and/or the diastolic blood pressure > = 85 mm Hg. Dietary patterns were constructed using PCA, PLS and RRR and compared based on the performance to identify plausible patterns associated with elevated BP. For PLS and RR, the response variables were BMI, waist circumference and percent body fat. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between the dietary pattern scores of each method and risk of elevated BP. RESULTS Three dietary patterns were identified using PCA: Western, Traditional Lebanese, and Fish and alcohol. Both the Western and the Traditional Lebanese patterns were associated with higher odds of elevated BP in the study population (OR = 1.23, CI 1.03, 1.46; OR = 1.29, CI 1.09, 1.52 respectively). The comparison among the three methods for dietary patterns derivation showed that PLS and RRR derived patterns explained greater variance in the outcome (PCA: 1.2%; PLS: 14.1%; RRR: 15.36%) and were significantly associated with elevated BP, while the PCA dietary patterns were descriptive of the study population's real dietary habits (PCA: 23.6%; PLS: 19.8%; RRR: 11.3%). CONCLUSIONS The Western and Traditional Lebanese dietary patterns were associated with higher odds of elevated BP among Lebanese males. The findings of this study showed that, compared to PCA, the use of RRR method resulted in more significant associations with the outcome while the PCA-derived patterns were more related to the real habits in the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Naja
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Laila Itani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nahla Hwalla
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abla M Sibai
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samer A Kharroubi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Song J, Jiang X, Cao Y, Juan J, Wu T, Hu Y. Interaction between an ATP-Binding Cassette A1 (ABCA1) Variant and Egg Consumption for the Risk of Ischemic Stroke and Carotid Atherosclerosis: a Family-Based Study in the Chinese Population. J Atheroscler Thromb 2019; 26:835-845. [PMID: 30828007 PMCID: PMC6753237 DOI: 10.5551/jat.46615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) plays an important role in reducing the risk of stroke. Egg is the major source of dietary cholesterol and is known to be associated with the risk of stroke and atherosclerosis. We aimed to assess the effects of interaction between an ABCA1 variant (rs2066715) and egg consumption on the risk of ischemic stroke (IS), carotid plaque, and carotid-intima media thickness (CIMT) in the Chinese population. Methods: In total, 5869 subjects (including 1213 IS cases) across 1128 families were enrolled and divided into two groups based on the median egg consumption (4 eggs per week). In the analyses for the presence of carotid plaque and CIMT, 3171 out of 4656 IS-free controls without self-reported history of coronary heart disease and lipid-lowering medications were included. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to model the genetic association of rs2066715 with the risk of IS, and mixed-effect linear regression for the genetic association of rs2066715 with carotid plaque, and CIMT. The gene-by-egg cross-product term was included in the regression model for interaction analysis. Results: We found that rs2066715 was associated with the increased risk of carotid plaque among those who consumed < 4 eggs per week after adjustment (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.61 [1.08, 2.39], P = 0.019). A significant effect of interaction between rs2066715 and egg consumption on the risk of carotid plaque was identified (P = 0.011). Conclusion: rs2066715 was found to interact with egg consumption in modifying the risk of carotid plaque in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University
| | - Xia Jiang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.,Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Health, Karolinska Institute
| | - Yaying Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University
| | - Juan Juan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University
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