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Yang Z, Chen F, Zhang Y, Ou M, Tan P, Xu X, Li Q, Zhou S. Therapeutic targeting of white adipose tissue metabolic dysfunction in obesity: mechanisms and opportunities. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e560. [PMID: 38812572 PMCID: PMC11134193 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue is not only a highly heterogeneous organ containing various cells, such as adipocytes, adipose stem and progenitor cells, and immune cells, but also an endocrine organ that is highly important for regulating metabolic and immune homeostasis. In individuals with obesity, dynamic cellular changes in adipose tissue result in phenotypic switching and adipose tissue dysfunction, including pathological expansion, WAT fibrosis, immune cell infiltration, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and ectopic lipid accumulation, ultimately leading to chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance. Recently, many distinct subpopulations of adipose tissue have been identified, providing new insights into the potential mechanisms of adipose dysfunction in individuals with obesity. Therefore, targeting white adipose tissue as a therapeutic agent for treating obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases is of great scientific interest. Here, we provide an overview of white adipose tissue remodeling in individuals with obesity including cellular changes and discuss the underlying regulatory mechanisms of white adipose tissue metabolic dysfunction. Currently, various studies have uncovered promising targets and strategies for obesity treatment. We also outline the potential therapeutic signaling pathways of targeting adipose tissue and summarize existing therapeutic strategies for antiobesity treatment including pharmacological approaches, lifestyle interventions, and novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi‐Han Yang
- Department of Plastic and Burn SurgeryWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Fang‐Zhou Chen
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yi‐Xiang Zhang
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Min‐Yi Ou
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Poh‐Ching Tan
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xue‐Wen Xu
- Department of Plastic and Burn SurgeryWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qing‐Feng Li
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shuang‐Bai Zhou
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Fröhlich H, Bossmeyer A, Kazmi S, Goode KM, Agewall S, Atar D, Grundtvig M, Frey N, Cleland JGF, Frankenstein L, Clark AL, Täger T. Glycaemic control and insulin therapy are significant confounders of the obesity paradox in patients with heart failure and diabetes mellitus. Clin Res Cardiol 2024; 113:822-830. [PMID: 37608126 PMCID: PMC11108876 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-023-02268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high body mass index (BMI) confers a paradoxical survival benefit in patients with heart failure (HF) or diabetes mellitus (DM). There is, however, controversy whether an obesity paradox is also present in patients with HF and concomitant DM. In addition, the influence of glycaemic control and diabetes treatment on the presence or absence of the obesity paradox in patients with HF and DM is unknown. METHODS We identified 2936 patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in the HF registries of the universities of Heidelberg, Germany, and Hull, UK (general sample). Of these, 598 (20%) were treated for concomitant DM (DM subgroup). The relationship between BMI and all-cause mortality was analysed in both the general sample and the DM subgroup. Patients with concomitant DM were stratified according to HbA1c levels or type of diabetes treatment and analyses were repeated. RESULTS We found an inverse BMI-mortality relationship in both the general sample and the DM subgroup. However, the obesity paradox was less pronounced in patients with diabetes treated with insulin and it disappeared in those with poor glycaemic control as defined by HbA1c levels > 7.5%. CONCLUSION In patients with HFrEF, a higher BMI is associated with better survival irrespective of concomitant DM. However, insulin treatment and poor glycaemic control make the relationship much weaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Fröhlich
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pulmology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Bossmeyer
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pulmology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Syed Kazmi
- Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - Kevin M Goode
- Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - Stefan Agewall
- Department of Cardiology, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ulleval, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dan Atar
- Department of Cardiology, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ulleval, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Grundtvig
- Medical Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust Division Lillehammer, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pulmology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John G F Cleland
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lutz Frankenstein
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pulmology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | - Tobias Täger
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pulmology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Tan MY, Weng L, Yang ZH, Zhu SX, Wu S, Su JH. The association between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with type 2 diabetes mellitus: recent findings from NHANES 2007-2018. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:151. [PMID: 38773578 PMCID: PMC11106869 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the relationship between NHHR (non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in US adults, using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2007 to 2018. METHODS This study explored the connection between NHHR and T2DM by analyzing a sample reflecting the adult population of the United States (n = 10,420; NHANES 2007-2018). NHHR was characterized as the ratio of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. T2DM was defined based on clinical guidelines. This research used multivariable logistic models to examine the connection between NHHR and T2DM. Additionally, it included subgroup and interaction analyses to assess variations among different groups. Generalized additive models, smooth curve fitting, and threshold effect analysis were also employed to analyze the data further. RESULTS The study included 10,420 subjects, with 2160 diagnosed with T2DM and 8260 without. The weighted multivariate logistic regression model indicated an 8% higher probability of T2DM for each unit increase in NHHR (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01-1.15) after accounting for all covariates. Subgroup analysis outcomes were uniform across various categories, demonstrating a significant positive relationship between NHHR and T2DM. Interaction tests showed that the positive link between NHHR and T2DM remained consistent regardless of age, body mass index, smoking status, moderate recreational activities, hypertension, or stroke history, with all interaction P-values exceeding 0.05. However, participants' sex appeared to affect the magnitude of the connection between NHHR and T2DM (interaction P-value < 0.05). Also, a nonlinear association between NHHR and T2DM was discovered, featuring an inflection point at 1.50. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that an increase in NHHR may be correlated with a heightened likelihood of developing T2DM. Consequently, NHHR could potentially serve as a marker for estimating the probability of T2DM development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Yao Tan
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Weng
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhong-Hao Yang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Si-Xuan Zhu
- Clinical Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shan Wu
- Clinical Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun-Hua Su
- Chengdu Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Collado-Perez R, Chamoso-Sánchez D, García A, Fernández-Alfonso MS, Jiménez-Hernáiz M, Canelles S, Argente J, Frago LM, Chowen JA. The differential effects of palmitic acid and oleic acid on the metabolic response of hypothalamic astrocytes from male and female mice. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25339. [PMID: 38741550 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Diets rich in saturated fats are more detrimental to health than those containing mono- or unsaturated fats. Fatty acids are an important source of energy, but they also relay information regarding nutritional status to hypothalamic metabolic circuits and when in excess can be detrimental to these circuits. Astrocytes are the main site of central fatty acid β-oxidation, and hypothalamic astrocytes participate in energy homeostasis, in part by modulating hormonal and nutritional signals reaching metabolic neurons, as well as in the inflammatory response to high-fat diets. Thus, we hypothesized that how hypothalamic astrocytes process-specific fatty acids participates in determining the differential metabolic response and that this is sex dependent as males and females respond differently to high-fat diets. Male and female primary hypothalamic astrocyte cultures were treated with oleic acid (OA) or palmitic acid (PA) for 24 h, and an untargeted metabolomics study was performed. A clear predictive model for PA exposure was obtained, while the metabolome after OA exposure was not different from controls. The observed modifications in metabolites, as well as the expression levels of key metabolic enzymes, indicate a reduction in the activity of the Krebs and glutamate/glutamine cycles in response to PA. In addition, there were specific differences between the response of astrocytes from male and female mice, as well as between hypothalamic and cerebral cortical astrocytes. Thus, the response of hypothalamic astrocytes to specific fatty acids could result in differential impacts on surrounding metabolic neurons and resulting in varied systemic metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Collado-Perez
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Chamoso-Sánchez
- Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia García
- Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Maria Jiménez-Hernáiz
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Canelles
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura M Frago
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Minato-Inokawa S, Honda M, Tsuboi-Kaji A, Takeuchi M, Kitaoka K, Kurata M, Wu B, Kazumi T, Fukuo K. Higher childhood weight gain, lower skeletal muscle mass, and higher cereal consumption in normal-weight Japanese women with high-percentage trunk fat: a subanalysis study. Diabetol Int 2024; 15:194-202. [PMID: 38524938 PMCID: PMC10959877 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-023-00670-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Normal-weight but high-percentage trunk fat phenotype was characterized in a setting where adiposity is not associated with educational and socioeconomic status. Body size trajectory since birth, current body composition measured using whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, cardiometabolic traits, serum adipokines, and dietary intake were measured cross-sectionally in 251 normal weight Japanese female university students whose fasting triglyceride and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) averaged 56 mg/dL and 1.2, respectively. They were grouped according to tertile of percentage trunk fat. Although HOMA-IR did not differ among three groups, high-percentage trunk fat was associated with higher triglyceride and apolipoprotein B, and lower HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, weight-adjusted skeletal muscle mass (OR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.04-0.38, p < 0.001), weight gain from birth to age 12 years (OR: 1.214、95% CI: 1.008-1.463、p = 0.04), and cereal consumption (OR:1.008, 95% CI: 1.000-1.016, p = 0.04) were associated with high-percentage trunk fat independent of birthweight, HOMA-IR, adipose tissue-insulin resistance index (the product of fasting insulin and free fatty acid), triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1 and B, leptin, adiponectin, blood pressure, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Early childhood growth, lower skeletal muscle mass, and higher cereal consumption may be associated with normal-weight but high-percentage trunk fat phenotype in Japanese female university students in this subanalysis study. Atherogenic profile of lipids and apolipoproteins may be directly related to abdominal fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Minato-Inokawa
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558 Japan
- Laboratory of Community Health and Nutrition, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime Japan
| | - Mari Honda
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Department of Health, Sports, and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women’s University, Kobe, Hyogo Japan
| | - Ayaka Tsuboi-Kaji
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558 Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Osaka City Juso Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mika Takeuchi
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558 Japan
| | - Kaori Kitaoka
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558 Japan
- Department of Advanced Epidemiology, Noncommunicable Disease (NCD) Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga Japan
| | - Miki Kurata
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558 Japan
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
| | - Bin Wu
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Tsutomu Kazumi
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558 Japan
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Department of Medicine, Kohan Kakogawa Hospital, Kakogawa, Hyogo Japan
| | - Keisuke Fukuo
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558 Japan
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
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Yamakage H, Jo T, Tanaka M, Kato S, Hasegawa K, Masuda I, Matsuhisa M, Kotani K, Noda M, Satoh-Asahara N. Five percent weight loss is a significant 1-year predictor and an optimal 5-year cut-off for reducing the number of obesity-related cardiovascular disease risk components: the Japan Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1343153. [PMID: 38601201 PMCID: PMC11005029 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1343153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to identify the amount of weight loss needed in patients with obesity to improve metabolic syndrome (MetS), a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), over a long period of time. Methods A total of 576 patients with obesity were enrolled in this study. Effects of continuous physician-supervised weight loss on the cumulative MetS components excluding abdominal circumference (defined as obesity-related CVD risk score) were investigated during a 5-year follow-up period. The extent of weight loss required to reduce the obesity-related CVD risk components was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. Results Of the 576 participants, 266 completed 5-year follow-up, with 39.1% and 24.1% of them achieving ≥5.0% and ≥7.5% weight loss at the 5-year follow-up, respectively. The area under the ROC curve for reducing the obesity-related CVD risk components was 0.719 [0.662-0.777] at 1 year and 0.694 [0.613-0.775] at 5 years. The optimal cut-off value for weight loss was 5.0% (0.66 sensitivity and 0.69 specificity) and the value with 0.80 specificity was 7.5% (0.45 sensitivity) at 5 years. Greater reductions in weight were associated with greater improvements in the obesity-related CVD risk score at all follow-up periods (P-trend <0.001). Obesity-related CVD risk score was significantly improved by 5.0-7.5% and ≥7.5% weight loss at 1 year (P = 0.029 and P < 0.001, respectively) and ≥7.5% weight loss at 5 years (P = 0.034). Conclusions A weight loss of ≥5.0% at 1 year and ≥7.5% at 5 years could reduce the number of obesity-related CVD risk components in patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Yamakage
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Jo
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Fushimi Momoyama General Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Tanaka
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Health Science University, Minamitsuru-gun, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kato
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Hasegawa
- Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Izuru Masuda
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Munehide Matsuhisa
- Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kotani
- Division of Community and Family Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Noda
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Ichikawa Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Ichikawa, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Japan
| | - Noriko Satoh-Asahara
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, NHO Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Metabolic Syndrome and Nutritional Science, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Molonia MS, Speciale A, Muscarà C, Salamone FL, Saija A, Cimino F. Low concentrations of α-lipoic acid reduce palmitic acid-induced alterations in murine hypertrophic adipocytes. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:916-925. [PMID: 37129014 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2207137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic disorder with excessive body fat accumulation, increasing incidence of chronic metabolic diseases. Hypertrophic obesity is associated with local oxidative stress and inflammation. Herein, we evaluated the in vitro activity of micromolar concentrations of α-lipoic acid (ALA) on palmitic acid (PA)-exposed murine hypertrophic 3T3-L1 adipocytes, focussing on the main molecular pathways involved in adipogenesis, inflammation, and insulin resistance. ALA, starting from 1 µM, decreased adipocytes hypertrophy, reducing PA-triggered intracellular lipid accumulation, PPAR-γ levels, and FABP4 gene expression, and counteracted PA-induced intracellular ROS levels and NF-κB activation. ALA reverted PA-induced insulin resistance, restoring PI3K/Akt axis and inducing GLUT-1 and glucose uptake, showing insulin sensitizing properties since it increased their basal levels. In conclusion, this study supports the potential effects of low micromolar ALA against hypertrophy, inflammation, and insulin resistance in adipose tissue, suggesting its important role as pharmacological supplement in the prevention of conditions linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sofia Molonia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- "Prof. Antonio Imbesi" Foundation, University of Messina,Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Muscarà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Lina Salamone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Kerr AG, Andersson DP, Rydén M, Arner P. Insulin resistance in adipocytes: Novel insights into the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:468-475. [PMID: 38181524 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance in all major target tissues is present in metabolic syndrome (MetS). The resistance in adipocytes is not well described and was presently examined. METHODS In this observational study on isolated abdominal white subcutaneous adipocytes from 419 adults, concentration-response effects of insulin on lipolysis inhibition (glycerol release) and lipogenesis stimulation (glucose conversion to total lipids) were determined. Insights into early and late insulin signaling events were obtained through the determination of insulin sensitivity (half maximum effective concentration) and responsiveness (maximum effect), respectively. In a subgroup of 132 subjects, we analyzed the subcutaneous adipose mRNA expression of genes in the canonical insulin signaling pathway using microarray. These results were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in 74 individuals. RESULTS While the insulin responsiveness was similar in subjects with or without Mets, the sensitivity to insulin-mediated inhibition of lipolysis and stimulation of lipogenesis was ∼tenfold lower in subjects with MetS (p < 0.0001). When age, sex, adipocyte volume, body mass index and body shape were considered, only the antilipolytic resistance was independently associated with MetS. The mRNA expression of several genes in the canonical insulin signaling pathway were altered in MetS (p < 0.0006 or better) where the mRNA levels of insulin receptor substrate 2 associated with the antilipolytic effect (Rho = 0.34; p = 0.0016). CONCLUSION The sensitivities of the antilipolytic and lipogenic effects of insulin are decreased in the MetS but only antilipolysis remains significant after multiple regression analysis. This resistance is localized at initial and receptor-near events in hormone signaling involving insulin receptor substrate 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair G Kerr
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Daniel P Andersson
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Baichuan Y, Gomes Reis M, Tavakoli S, Khodadadi N, Sohouli MH, Sernizon Guimarães N. The effects of NAD+ precursor (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) supplementation on weight loss and related hormones: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1208734. [PMID: 37854354 PMCID: PMC10579603 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1208734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the fact that obesity and overweight are serious major health problems worldwide, fighting against them is also considered a challenging issue. Several interventional studies have evaluated the potential weight-reduction effect of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursor. In order to obtain a better viewpoint from them, this study aimed to comprehensively investigate the effects of NAD+ precursor supplementation on weight loss, adiponectin, and leptin. Methods Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched using standard keywords to identify all controlled trials investigating the weight loss and related hormones effects of NAD+ precursor. Pooled weighted mean difference and 95% confidence intervals were achieved by random-effects model analysis for the best estimation of outcomes. Results Twenty two treatment arms with 5,144 participants' were included in this systematic review and meta-regression analysis. The pooled findings showed that NAD+ precursor supplementation has an effect on lowering BMI (weighted mean difference (WMD): -0.19 kg/m2, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.29 to -0.09, p < 0.001) and increasing adiponectin (WMD: 1.59 μg/mL, 95% CI: 0.49 to 2.68, p = 0.004) in humans compared with control groups. However, no significant effect was observed on body weight and leptin. There was a significant relationship between doses of intervention with changes in BMI. In addition, subgroup analysis showed that BMI reduction was greater when receiving nicotinic acid (NA) supplementation than nicotinamide (NE) supplementation. Conclusion NAD+ precursor had significant effects on weight management with the reduction of BMI and increasing adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Baichuan
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Marcela Gomes Reis
- Master in Health Science at Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- OPENS: Observatory of Epidemiology, Nutrition and Health Research, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais/FELUMA, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sogand Tavakoli
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navideh Khodadadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Sohouli
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nathalia Sernizon Guimarães
- OPENS: Observatory of Epidemiology, Nutrition and Health Research, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais/FELUMA, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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10
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Biavaschi M, Melchiors Morsch VM, Jacobi LF, Hoppen A, Bianchin N, Chitolina Schetinger MR. Predisposition to Type 2 Diabetes in Aspects of the Glycemic Curve and Glycated Hemoglobin in Healthy, Young Adults: A Cross-sectional Study. Can J Diabetes 2023; 47:587-593. [PMID: 37225120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim in this study was to identify predictors for diabetes among the characteristics of the glycemic curve and glycated hemoglobin (A1C) in healthy, young adults. METHODS We used a cross-sectional study to establish predictors for diabetes based on earlier studies and evaluated occurrence of the condition in 81 healthy, young adult subjects. These volunteers underwent analysis of fasting plasma glucose, oral glucose tolerance test plasma glucose, A1C, and inflammatory markers (leukocytes, monocytes, and C-reactive protein). The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher's exact test, chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and multiple-comparisons test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS We studied 2 age groups, homogeneous in terms of family history of diabetes: one group ranged in age from ≥18 to <28 years (median 20 years; body mass index [BMI] 24 kg/m2) and the other group ranged in age from ≥28 to <45 years (median 35 years; BMI 24 kg/m2). The older group had a higher incidence of predictors (p=0.0005) and was associated with the predictors 30-minute blood glucose ≥164 mg/dL (p=0.0190), 60-minute blood glucose ≥125 mg/dL (p=0.0346), and A1C ≥5.5% (p=0.0162), with a monophasic glycemic curve (p=0.007). The younger group was associated with the 2-hour plasma glucose predictor ≥140 mg/dL (p=0.014). All subjects had fasting glucose in the normal range. CONCLUSIONS Healthy, young adults may already have predictors of diabetes, identified mainly by aspects of the glycemic curve and A1C, but at more modest levels than those with prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Biavaschi
- Department of Medical Clinic and Endocrinology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Vera Maria Melchiors Morsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Andressa Hoppen
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nathieli Bianchin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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11
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Kulis E, Szczuka Z, Banik A, Siwa M, Boberska M, Zarychta K, Zaleskiewicz H, Knoll N, Radtke T, Scholz U, Schenkel K, Luszczynska A. Physical activity planning interventions, body fat and energy-dense food intake in dyads: ripple, spillover, or compensatory effects? Psychol Health 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37424083 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2023.2233001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is unclear if planning to change one behavior may prompt changes in other health behaviors or health outcomes. This study tested if physical activity (PA) planning interventions may result in (i) a body fat reduction in target persons and their dyadic partners (a ripple effect), (ii) a decrease in energy-dense food intake (a spillover effect), or an increase in energy-dense food intake (a compensatory effect). METHOD N = 320 adult-adult dyads were assigned to an individual ('I-for-me'), dyadic ('we-for-me'), or collaborative ('we-for-us') PA planning intervention or a control condition. Body fat and energy-dense food intake were measured at baseline and at the 36-week follow-up. RESULTS No Time x Condition effects were found for target persons' body fat. There was a reduction in body fat among partners participating in any PA planning intervention, compared to the control condition. Across conditions, target persons and partners reduced energy-dense food intake over time. The reduction was smaller among target persons assigned to the individual PA planning condition compared to the control condition. CONCLUSIONS PA planning interventions delivered to dyads may result in a ripple effect involving body fat reduction among partners. Among target persons, the individual PA planning may activate compensatory changes in energy-dense food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kulis
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Szczuka
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Banik
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maria Siwa
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Boberska
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Nina Knoll
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Theda Radtke
- Department of Psychology, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Urte Scholz
- Department of Psychology, Applied Social and Health Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konstantin Schenkel
- Department of Psychology, Applied Social and Health Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Luszczynska
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Melbourne Centre for Behavior Change, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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12
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Jorge-Galarza E, Medina-Urrutia A, Reyes-Barrera J, Torres-Tamayo M, Montaño-Estrada LF, Páez-Arenas A, Massó-Rojas F, Juárez-Rojas JG. Adipose tissue dysfunction serum markers are associated with high density lipoprotein size and glycation in the early stages of type 2 diabetes. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:89. [PMID: 37391843 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01847-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) have antiatherogenic properties related to their chemical structure. Adipose tissue (AT) influences HDL reverse cholesterol transport and plasma HDL cholesterol levels. However, whether AT dysfunction affects HDL subpopulations and their glycation in early type 2 diabetes (T2D) is still unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of inflammation and AT dysfunction serum markers with the size and glycation of HDLs in normoglycemic, prediabetes, and T2D subjects. METHODS We assessed HDL particle size and advanced glycation end-product (AGE) content in HDLs isolated from normoglycemic (n = 17), prediabetes (n = 17), and recently T2D-diagnosed (n = 18) subjects. Insulin, adiponectin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) were determined using the Bio-Rad Multiplex Platform, and free fatty acids (FFAs) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were determined by standard procedures. The AT insulin resistance (ATIR) index and ATIR/adiponectin and adiponectin/leptin ratios were calculated. RESULTS HDL was progressively smaller (nm) and enriched with AGE (mg-BSA-AGE/mg protein) according to the glucose categories: 8.49 and 7.5 in normoglycemic subjects, 8.44 and 12.4 in prediabetic subjects, and 8.32 and 14.3 in T2D subjects (P = 0.033 and P = 0.009 for size and AGE, respectively). In multivariable regression analysis, the ATIR/adiponectin ratio was inversely associated with HDL size (β = -0.257, P = 0.046), and the ATIR ratio was directly associated with HDL glycation (β = 0.387, P = 0.036). In contrast, adiponectin and the adiponectin/leptin ratio were not associated with alterations in HDL particles. Furthermore, HDL size was associated with resistin (β = -0.348, P = 0.007) and PAI-1 (β = -0.324, P = 0.004). HDL and AGE were related to insulin concentrations (β = 0.458, P = 0.015). Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, triglycerides, and HDL-cholesterol. CONCLUSION HDL size was significantly associated with the ATIR/adiponectin ratio and inflammation, whereas glycation was more strongly related to the ATIR index. These findings have important implications for the management and prevention of cardiovascular disease in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Jorge-Galarza
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aida Medina-Urrutia
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Reyes-Barrera
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Margarita Torres-Tamayo
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Felipe Montaño-Estrada
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Araceli Páez-Arenas
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Felipe Massó-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Gabriel Juárez-Rojas
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.
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13
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Sinha S, Haque M, Lugova H, Kumar S. The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Insulin Resistance. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1322. [PMID: 37374105 PMCID: PMC10305526 DOI: 10.3390/life13061322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a critical pathophysiological process in the onset and advancement of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is well-recognized that alterations in the metabolism of lipids and aberrant fat buildup effectively trigger the development of resistance to insulin. Adjusting one's eating habits and managing weight appropriately are crucial for treating, controlling, and reducing the risk of T2DM because obesity and a lack of physical exercise are the primary factors responsible for the worldwide rise in T2DM. Omega-3 fatty acid is one of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that include long-chain omega-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, commonly found in fish oils. Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; 3 and 6 PUFAs) are essential for human health because they serve as metabolic precursors of eicosanoids, a class of signaling molecules that are essential for controlling a body's inflammation. Since humans are unable to produce any of the omega-3 or omega-6 PUFAs, they both constitute imperative nutritional ingredients. Long-standing concerns about long-chain omega-3 fatty acids' impact on diabetes management have been supported by experimental investigations that found significant increases in fasting glucose following omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and foods rich in PUFA and omega-3 fatty acid. Cellular explanations to explain the connection between inflammation and IR include mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and oxidative stress. Modifications in the lipid composition of mitochondrial membranes and/or receptor-mediated signaling may be part of the mechanism behind the activation of mitochondrial fusion by fish oil/omega-3 PUFA. The exact molecular processes by which omega-3 PUFAs control mitochondrial activity to defend against IR are still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Sinha
- Department of Physiology, Khulna City Medical College and Hospital, 33 KDA Avenue, Hotel Royal Crossing, Khulna Sadar, Khulna 9100, Bangladesh
| | - Mainul Haque
- The Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Department of Scientific Research Center (KSRC), Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar 382422, India
| | - Halyna Lugova
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University Springhill (Seremban/PD) Campus, No. 2, Avenue 3, Persiaran Springhill, Port Dickson 71010, Malaysia
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, A/907, Adalaj-Uvarsad Rd, Gandhinagar 382422, India
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14
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Sun K, Chen Y, Chao Y, Geng J, Chen Y. A retinal vessel segmentation method based improved U-Net model. Biomed Signal Process Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2023.104574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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15
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Bogataj Jontez N, Kenig S, Šik Novak K, Petelin A, Jenko Pražnikar Z, Mohorko N. Habitual low carbohydrate high fat diet compared with omnivorous, vegan, and vegetarian diets. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1106153. [PMID: 37125046 PMCID: PMC10133707 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1106153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary patterns which exclude whole food groups, such as vegetarian, vegan and low carbohydrate high fat diet (LCHF), are increasingly popular in general public. When carefully planned, all these diets have some known benefits for health, but concerns are also raised in particular for LCHF. The quality of LCHF diet which individuals follow in real life without supervision is not known. Methods One hundred thirty healthy individuals with stable body mass following LCHF, vegan, vegetarian and omnivorous diet for at least six months, were compared in a cross-sectional study. Diet was analyzed through 3-day food records and FFQ, anthropometric measurements were performed and serum metabolic biomarkers determined from fasting blood. Results Participants on LCHF diet had the intakes of micronutrients comparable to other groups, while the intakes of macronutrients differed in line with the definition of each diet. The intakes of saturated fats, cholesterol and animal proteins were significantly higher and the intakes of sugars and dietary fibers were lower compared to other groups. Healthy eating index 2015 in this group was the lowest. There were no differences in the levels of glucose, triacylglycerols and CRP among groups. Total and LDL cholesterol levels were significantly higher in LCHF group, in particular in participants with higher ketogenic ratio. Fatty acids intakes and intakes of cholesterol, dietary fibers and animal proteins explained 40% of variance in total cholesterol level, with saturated fatty acids being the strongest positive predictor and monounsaturated fatty acids a negative predictor. Conclusion None of the self-advised diets provided all the necessary nutrients in optimal levels. Due to the detected increased levels of serum cholesterols, selection of healthy fat sources, higher intake of dietary fibers and partial replacing of animal sources with plant sources of foods should be recommended to the individuals selecting LCFH dietary pattern.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04347213.
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16
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Corrêa CR, da Costa BGG, Silva KS, Shivappa N, Wirth MD, Hébert JR, Nunes EA. A higher energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index is positively associated with total and visceral body fat in young male adults. J Hum Nutr Diet 2022; 35:1136-1150. [PMID: 35377488 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII™) has been associated with a high body mass index and markers of chronic diseases. Also, pro-inflammatory diets with a high E-DII have been positively associated with metabolic disturbances such as glucose intolerance and type II diabetes mellitus. However, it is unclear whether E-DII scores are positively associated with body fat percentage and visceral fat per se. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate whether the E-DII is associated with body fat content and metabolic health indicators in lean and obese young men. METHODS The present study was conducted on 59 participants, without comorbidities, not using tobacco, medication and nutritional supplements. Dietary data were obtained by 3-day food records to calculate E-DII scores based on 28 food parameters. Body composition was assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Blood samples were taken to measure fasting glucose, insulin, triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, and low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. An oral glucose tolerance test also was performed. Associations were determined by mixed-effects linear regression. RESULTS E-DII scores ranged from -3.48 to +3.10. Energy intake was similar across E-DII tertiles. After adjusting for covariates, the highest E-DII tertile was associated with increased body fat, visceral adipose tissue and waist circumference. There was no association between E-DII scores and glycaemic parameters. CONCLUSIONS In young participants, a dietary pattern with a higher E-DII (i.e., pro-inflammatory) score was associated with high body fat and markers of central adiposity assessed by DXA, regardless of body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia R Corrêa
- Health Sciences Center, Nutrition Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Bruno G G da Costa
- Sports Center, Physical Education Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Kelly S Silva
- Sports Center, Physical Education Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Michael D Wirth
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - James R Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Everson A Nunes
- Health Sciences Center, Nutrition Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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17
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Karimbeiki R, Namkhah Z, Alipoor E, Yaseri M, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ. The relationship between low-carbohydrate diet score, dietary insulin index and load with obesity in healthy adults. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:3341-3350. [PMID: 35995887 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01464-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Carbohydrate intake and insulinemic potential of diet are suggested to be correlated with the development of different chronic diseases. Considering the limited research on obesity, this study aimed to investigate the association of dietary insulin index (DII), dietary insulin load (DIL), and low-carbohydrate diet score (LCDS) with body weight and obesity in healthy adults. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, DII, DIL, and LCDS were calculated using relevant formulas based on dietary intakes obtained by a valid 168-item food frequency questionnaire, in 393 otherwise healthy adults of either normal-weight, overweight, or obese. RESULTS Individuals in the highest tertile of DIL and DII had respectively 73% (OR: 0.27, 95% CI 0.08-0.94, p = 0.049) and 50% (OR: 0.5, 95% CI 0.26-0.96, p = 0.038) lower odds of being overweight compared to the lowest tertile, after adjusting the effects of age, sex, and dietary energy intake. Participants in the highest tertile of DIL had 92% greater odds of being obese compared to the lowest tertile, but this association did not remain significant after adjusting the effect of energy intake. Individuals in the highest tertile of LCDS had about 2 times odds of being overweight compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR: 2.04, 95% CI 1.04-4.01, p = 0.049). There was no relationship between being obese and tertiles of LCDS. CONCLUSION Higher dietary carbohydrate intake and insulinemic potential of diet could not be considered independent dietary risk factors for overweight or obesity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III: evidence obtained from an observational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Karimbeiki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No#44, Hojjatdoust St., Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Zahra Namkhah
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No#44, Hojjatdoust St., Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Elham Alipoor
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No#44, Hojjatdoust St., Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14155-6117, Iran.,Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Hosseinzadeh-Attar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No#44, Hojjatdoust St., Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14155-6117, Iran. .,Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Vlasova OS, Bichkaeva FA, Nesterova EV, Shengof BA, Bichkaev AA, Baranova NF. Age‐related features of the content of substrates of energy metabolism and body mass index in women residing in the
S
ubarctic and
A
rctic regions of
R
ussia. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 35:e23841. [PMID: 36436838 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Age is associated with a number of health risks linked to obesity caused by an imbalance in the main energy substrates-fatty acids (FA) and glucose (Glu). Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify age-related features of the metabolism of fatty acids and Glu, their correlations and the relation with the body mass index (BMI) in women of the local Caucasoid population from two northern regions of Russia with different nature, climate, and geography. METHODS We examined women aged 21-60 years born and permanently residing in the Subarctic region (SR) and the Arctic region (AR). The participants were divided into three age groups: 21-35, 36-45, and 46-60 years. The levels of FAs, Glu, and triglycerides (TG) in the blood serum were determined by spectrophotometric and gas chromatographic methods; the values of BMI and TyG (triglyceride glucose) index were calculated. To analyze data, we used the descriptive and correlation analyses by nonparametric methods, as well as multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS With age, the surveyed women demonstrated elevated levels of triglyceride, the majority of the studied fatty acids, BMI and TyG index. For three fatty acids, age-related changes were noted in one of the regions only: stearic and linoleic acids in the SR, and docosahexaenoic acid in the AR; no significant changes were observed for dihomo-γ-linolenic and arachidonic acids. We found elevated Glu levels in women aged 46-60 years residing in the SR. Regional differences were due to higher concentrations of FAs and Glu in the AR. All identified correlations were positive. BMI values were associated with FAs and TG, and in women aged 46-60 years, they were additionally associated with Glu. The latter also correlated with some FAs and TG in this group. TyG index associations with saturated FAs (SFAs) became stronger with age. CONCLUSIONS Age has a significant impact on the homeostasis of key energy substrates (Glu, TG, SFAs, monounsaturated FAs), on BMI and TyG index, which are indicators of obesity and insulin resistance. Depending on the region of residence (Subarctic or Arctic), we found changes in the FA profile undersaturation (especially long-chain polyunsaturated FAs) and some specific features of Glu homeostasis (for the age groups of 21-35 and 46-60 years) in women of Caucasoid race in the Russian North. Multiple regression analysis showed that BMI, as well as the region of residence and age, are significant predictors for almost all biochemical parameters, especially for TG and TyG index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S. Vlasova
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FCIAR UrB RAS) Arkhangelsk Russia
| | - Fatima A. Bichkaeva
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FCIAR UrB RAS) Arkhangelsk Russia
| | - Ekaterina V. Nesterova
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FCIAR UrB RAS) Arkhangelsk Russia
| | - Boris A. Shengof
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FCIAR UrB RAS) Arkhangelsk Russia
| | - Artem A. Bichkaev
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FCIAR UrB RAS) Arkhangelsk Russia
| | - Nina F. Baranova
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FCIAR UrB RAS) Arkhangelsk Russia
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19
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Zhu Y, Li G, Laukkanen JA, Song X, Zhang J, Wei L, Chen X, Li Y, Liu C. Higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is associated with renal dysfunction and cardiac adverse remodeling in elderly with metabolic syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:921204. [PMID: 36158844 PMCID: PMC9492939 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.921204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with increased systemic inflammation and cardiac mortality in elderly subjects. However, information on the association of inflammation markers with cardiac adverse remodeling is limited in the elderly with MetS. Therefore, we investigated whether the inflammatory marker neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is associated with the cardiac adverse remodeling in Chinese elderly with MetS. Methods A total of 1,087 hospitalized Chinese elderly (aged ≥ 65 years) with MetS were collected retrospectively. The cross-sectional data of echocardiography and clinical parameters were compared among quartile NLR groups. Results In the elderly with MetS, higher quartile NLR (≥3.83) was found to be associated with male gender, older age, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and cardiac left ventricular (LV) dilatation (all p <0.05). Conclusion Higher NLR is associated with male gender, older age, renal dysfunction, and cardiac adverse remodeling in Chinese elderly with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Li
| | - Jari A. Laukkanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Xing Song
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linping Wei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinrui Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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20
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Reifsnyder PC, Flurkey K, Doty R, Calcutt NA, Koza RA, Harrison DE. Rapamycin/metformin co-treatment normalizes insulin sensitivity and reduces complications of metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic mice. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13666. [PMID: 35986566 PMCID: PMC9470898 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin treatment has positive and negative effects on progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a recombinant inbred polygenic mouse model, male NONcNZO10/LtJ (NcZ10). Here, we show that combination treatment with metformin ameliorates negative effects of rapamycin while maintaining its benefits. From 12 to 30 weeks of age, NcZ10 males were fed a control diet or diets supplemented with rapamycin, metformin, or a combination of both. Rapamycin alone reduced weight gain, adiposity, HOMA-IR, and inflammation, and prevented hyperinsulinemia and pre-steatotic hepatic lipidosis, but exacerbated hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and pancreatic islet degranulation. Metformin alone reduced hyperinsulinemia and circulating c-reactive protein, but exacerbated nephropathy. Combination treatment retained the benefits of both while preventing many of the deleterious effects. Importantly, the combination treatment reversed effects of rapamycin on markers of hepatic insulin resistance and normalized systemic insulin sensitivity in this inherently insulin-resistant model. In adipose tissue, rapamycin attenuated the expression of genes associated with adipose tissue expansion (Mest, Gpam), inflammation (Itgam, Itgax, Hmox1, Lbp), and cell senescence (Serpine1). In liver, the addition of metformin counteracted rapamycin-induced alterations of G6pc, Ppara, and Ldlr expressions that promote hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Both rapamycin and metformin treatment reduced hepatic Fasn expression, potentially preventing lipidosis. These results delineate a state of "insulin signaling restriction" that withdraws endocrine support for further adipogenesis, progression of the metabolic syndrome, and the development of its comorbidities. Our results are relevant for the treatment of T2D, the optimization of current rapamycin-based treatments for posttransplant rejection and various cancers, and for the development of treatments for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nigel A. Calcutt
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Robert A. Koza
- Center for Molecular MedicineMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughMaineUSA,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringUniversity of MaineOronoMaineUSA,Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
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21
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Basha EH, Eltokhy AKB, Eltantawy AF, Heabah NAE, Elshwaikh SL, El-Harty YM. Linking mitochondrial dynamics and fertility: promoting fertility by phoenixin through modulation of ovarian expression of GnRH receptor and mitochondrial dynamics proteins DRP-1 and Mfn-2. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:1107-1119. [PMID: 35972578 PMCID: PMC9492611 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is linked to reproductive disorders. Novel neuropeptide phoenixin demonstrated many therapeutic actions. In this study, we aim to evaluate phoenixin’s potential effect in obesity-induced infertility through modulating mitochondrial dynamics. Ninety adult female rats were divided to 4 groups: (I), fed with normal pellet diet; (II), given phoenixin; (III), fed with high-fat diet. Rats that developed obesity and infertility were divided to 2 groups: (III-A), received no further treatment; (III-B), given phoenixin. Our results showed that phoenixin treatment in obese infertile rats significantly decreased serum levels of insulin and testosterone and ovarian levels of dynamin-related protein1(Drp1),reactive oxygen species ROS, TNF-α, MDA, and caspase-3. Phoenixin treatment also significantly increased serum estrogen progesterone, LH, and FSH together with ovarian levels of GnRH receptor (GnRHR), mitofusin2(Mfn2), mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm), and electron transport chain (ETC) complex-I significantly when compared with obese group. Ovarian histopathological changes were similarly improved by phoenixin. Our data demonstrate phoenixin’s role in improving obesity-induced infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman H Basha
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Amira K B Eltokhy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Fawzy Eltantawy
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Nehal A E Heabah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Yasmeen M El-Harty
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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22
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Farrin N, Rezazadeh L, Pourmoradian S, Attari VE, Tutunchi H, Zarezadeh M, Najafipour F, Ostadrahimi A. Boron compound administration; A novel agent in weight management: A systematic review and meta- analysis of animal studies. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 72:126969. [PMID: 35298949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The worldwide growing trend of obesity across all ages has increased the number of researches on the obesity management and prevention. Boron is a potential essential trace element and there are some promising results on its weight lowering effect. Therefore, the present meta-analysis was aimed to assess the effect of boron on body weight. METHOD Databases including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched from 1995 until November 2021 using the definitive keywords. Searching was limited to articles with English language. Human studies were excluded in our analyses regarding their limited number and the heterogeneity of study designs. All of the relevant animal studies on rodents with weight changes as a primary outcome were included. The assessments of risk of bias and heterogeneity were conducted using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and I-square (I2) statistic respectively. RESULTS According to our findings the overall effect of boron administration orally was significant decrease of body weight (WMD = -18.12 g 95% CI -23.28, -12.96; P < 0.001). The boron compound administration was more effective in the borax form and also when the intervention duration was ≤ 4 weeks. Moreover, the effect size was greater in the male gender rather than female animals. CONCLUSION Most of the experimental studies supported the weight lowering effect of boron although, there are a few inconsistent evidences. It seems that the weight lowering effect of boron may be through increasing the energy metabolism, thermogenesis, lipolysis and inhibition of adiposeness. However, future clinical trials can better clarify the effects of boron on obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Farrin
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Rezazadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Pourmoradian
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Helda Tutunchi
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Meysam Zarezadeh
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzad Najafipour
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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23
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Mayer C, Côme M, Ulmann L, Martin I, Zittelli GC, Faraloni C, Ouguerram K, Chénais B, Mimouni V. The Potential of the Marine Microalga Diacronema lutheri in the Prevention of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in High-Fat-Fed Wistar Rats. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134246. [PMID: 35807489 PMCID: PMC9268017 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3 series (n-3 LC-PUFAs), especially eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, are known to exert preventive effects on obesity and metabolic syndrome. Mainly consumed in the form of fish oil, LC-PUFAs n-3 are also found in significant quantities in other sources such as certain microalgae. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Diacronema lutheri (Dia), a microalga rich in n-3 LC-PUFAs, on metabolic disorders associated with obesity. Three groups of male Wistar rats (n = 6 per group) were submitted for eight weeks to a standard diet or high-fat and high-fructose diet (HF), supplemented or not with 12% of Dia (HF-Dia). Compared to HF rats, HF-Dia rats showed a 41% decrease in plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) and an increase in plasma cholesterol (+35%) as well as in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (+51%) without change to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Although fasting glycemia did not change, glucose and insulin tolerance tests highlighted an improvement in glucose and insulin homeostasis. Dia supplementation restored body weight and fat mass, and decreased levels of liver TAG (−75%) and cholesterol (−84%). In HF-Dia rats, leptin was decreased (−30%) below the control level corresponding to a reduction of 68% compared to HF rats. Similarly, the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10 were restored up to control levels, corresponding to a 74% and 58% increase in HF rats, respectively. In contrast, the level of IL-6 remained similar in the HF and HF-Dia groups and about twice that of the control. In conclusion, these results indicated that the D. lutheri microalga may be beneficial for the prevention of weight gain and improvement in lipid and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Mayer
- Département Génie Biologique, BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms: Stress, Health, Environment, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France; (C.M.); (M.C.); (L.U.); (I.M.)
| | - Martine Côme
- Département Génie Biologique, BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms: Stress, Health, Environment, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France; (C.M.); (M.C.); (L.U.); (I.M.)
| | - Lionel Ulmann
- Département Génie Biologique, BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms: Stress, Health, Environment, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France; (C.M.); (M.C.); (L.U.); (I.M.)
| | - Isabelle Martin
- Département Génie Biologique, BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms: Stress, Health, Environment, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France; (C.M.); (M.C.); (L.U.); (I.M.)
| | - Graziella Chini Zittelli
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute for BioEconomy, National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 Florence, Italy; (G.C.Z.); (C.F.)
| | - Cecilia Faraloni
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute for BioEconomy, National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 Florence, Italy; (G.C.Z.); (C.F.)
| | - Khadija Ouguerram
- UMR1280 PhAN, Physiopathology of Nutritional Adaptations, INRAe, CHU Hôtel Dieu, IMAD, CRNH Ouest, Nantes Université, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Benoît Chénais
- BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms: Stress, Health, Environment, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Le Mans Université, F-72085 Le Mans, France
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (V.M.)
| | - Virginie Mimouni
- Département Génie Biologique, BiOSSE, Biology of Organisms: Stress, Health, Environment, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France; (C.M.); (M.C.); (L.U.); (I.M.)
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (V.M.)
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24
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Acute Effects of Kawakawa ( Piper excelsum) Intake on Postprandial Glycemic and Insulinaemic Response in a Healthy Population. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081638. [PMID: 35458200 PMCID: PMC9032225 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Piper excelsum (kawakawa) is an endemic shrub of Aotearoa, New Zealand, of cultural and medicinal importance to Māori. Its fruits and leaves are often consumed. These tissues contain several compounds that have been shown to be biologically active and which may underpin its putative health-promoting effects. The current study investigates whether kawakawa tea can modulate postprandial glucose metabolism. Methods: We report a pilot three-arm randomized crossover study to assess the bioavailability of kawakawa tea (BOKA-T) in six male participants with each arm having an acute intervention of kawakawa tea (4 g/250 mL water; 1 g/250 mL water; water) and a follow-up two-arm randomized crossover study to assess the impact of acute kawakawa tea ingestion on postprandial glucose metabolism in healthy human volunteers (TOAST) (4 g/250 mL water; and water; n = 30 (15 male and 15 female)). Participants consumed 250 mL of kawakawa tea or water control within each study prior to consuming a high-glycemic breakfast. Pre- and postprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were measured, and the Matsuda index was calculated to measure insulin sensitivity. Results: In the BOKA-T study, lower plasma glucose (p < 0.01) and insulin (p < 0.01) concentrations at 60 min were observed after consumption of a high-dose kawakawa tea in comparison to low-dose or water. In the TOAST study, only plasma insulin (p = 0.01) was lower at 60 min in the high-dose kawakawa group compared to the control group. Both studies showed a trend towards higher insulin sensitivity in the high-dose kawakawa group compared to water only. Conclusions: Consuming kawakawa tea may modulate postprandial glucose metabolism. Further investigations with a longer-term intervention study are warranted.
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25
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Ozen E, Mihaylova R, Weech M, Kinsella S, Lovegrove JA, Jackson KG. Association between dietary saturated fat with cardiovascular disease risk markers and body composition in healthy adults: findings from the cross-sectional BODYCON study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:15. [PMID: 35241101 PMCID: PMC8896371 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00650-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diets high in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and greater abdominal obesity are both associated with raised low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations, an independent cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk marker. Although reducing SFA intake is a public health strategy for CVD prevention, the role of body fat distribution on the relationship between SFA and LDL-C is unclear. Therefore, our objective was to investigate whether the association between dietary SFAs and LDL-C concentrations is related to body composition.
Methods In the BODYCON (impact of physiological and lifestyle factors on body composition) study, 409 adults [mean age 42 ± 16 years and median BMI of 23.5 (21.5–25.9) kg/m2] underwent a measure of body composition by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, assessment of habitual dietary intake using a 4-day weighed food diary and physical activity level using a tri-axial accelerometer. Blood pressure was measured, and a fasting blood sample was collected to determine cardiometabolic disease risk markers. Correlations between body composition, circulating risk markers and dietary macronutrients were assessed prior to multivariate regression analysis. The effect of increasing intakes of dietary SFA on outcome measures was assessed using ANCOVA after adjusting for covariates.
Results Abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass was moderately positively correlated with total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure and HOMA-IR (rs = 0.25–0.44, p < 0.01). In multiple regression analysis, 18.3% of the variability in LDL-C was explained by SFA intake [% total energy (TE)], abdominal VAT mass, carbohydrate%TE and fat%TE intakes. When data were stratified according to increasing SFA%TE intakes, fasting TC, LDL-C and non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were higher in Q4 compared with Q2 (p ≤ 0.03). SBP was higher in Q4 versus Q3 (p = 0.01). Android lean mass was also higher in Q3 versus Q1 (p = 0.02). Other anthropometric and CVD risk markers were not different across quartile groups. Conclusions Although dietary SFA was found to explain 9% of the variability in LDL-C, stratification of data according to quartiles of SFA intake did not reveal a dose-dependent relationship with LDL-C concentration. Furthermore, this association appeared to be independent of abdominal obesity in this cohort. Clinical Trail registration: Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02658539. Registered 20 January 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02658539. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-022-00650-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Ozen
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research and Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Whiteknights, Pepper Lane, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Rada Mihaylova
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research and Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Whiteknights, Pepper Lane, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Michelle Weech
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research and Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Whiteknights, Pepper Lane, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Sam Kinsella
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research and Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Whiteknights, Pepper Lane, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research and Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Whiteknights, Pepper Lane, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Kim G Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research and Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Whiteknights, Pepper Lane, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK.
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26
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A high carbohydrate and soda diet influences metabolic variables in Wistar rats. Life Sci 2022; 291:120295. [PMID: 34998837 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS High carbohydrate diet and carbonated soda consumption have individually been associated with metabolic dysfunction, with links to glucose and insulin homeostasis, affecting metabolic variables associated with feeding, satiety and adiposity. Our objective is to determine the combined effect of a high carbohydrate and carbonated soda diet on metabolic variables in male and female Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two female and male weanlings were equally divided into four dietary groups; Control, Soda, High Carbohydrate diet (HCD), and High Carbohydrate diet/Soda (HCD/Soda), and fed ad libitum for fourteen weeks. Bodyweight, thoracic circumference, abdominal circumference and glucose was determined; Insulin, leptin, adiponectin, Tumor Necrotic Factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-6 and lipid profile were assayed and used to determine the metabolic effects. KEY FINDINGS Soda and HCD/Soda had increased body weight in male rats, while HCD-fed rats were reduced compared to respective controls. Abdominal circumference, total cholesterol and reduced HDL of Soda were elevated in both sexes. Although HCD/Soda groups had elevated abdominal circumference in both sexes, total cholesterol and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were both reduced in females. Insulin and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in Soda-fed rats was significantly reduced, however, MDA was elevated in both sexes in HCD and HCD/Soda fed rats. Female HCD and HCD/Soda groups had a significant increase in glutathione (GSH) concentration and a significant reduction in catalase. TNF-α was increased in both Soda and HCD/Soda groups. SIGNIFICANCE The results of this study suggest that HCD and Soda consumption results in alteration in phenotype and variables impacting metabolism.
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27
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Kovačević S, Brkljačić J, Vojnović Milutinović D, Gligorovska L, Bursać B, Elaković I, Djordjevic A. Fructose Induces Visceral Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Insulin Resistance Even Without Development of Obesity in Adult Female but Not in Male Rats. Front Nutr 2021; 8:749328. [PMID: 34869524 PMCID: PMC8632624 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.749328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity and related metabolic disturbances are frequently related to modern lifestyle and are characterized by excessive fructose intake. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation has a central role in the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and metabolic syndrome. Since sex-related differences in susceptibility and progression of metabolic disorders are not yet fully understood, our aim was to examine inflammation and insulin signaling in VAT of fructose-fed female and male adult rats. Methods: We analyzed effects of 9-week 10% fructose-enriched diet on energy intake, VAT mass and histology, and systemic insulin sensitivity. VAT insulin signaling and markers of VAT inflammation, and antioxidative defense status were also evaluated. Results: The fructose diet had no effect on VAT mass and systemic insulin signaling in the female and male rats, while it raised plasma uric acid, increased PPARγ level in the VAT, and initiated the development of a distinctive population of small adipocytes in the females. Also, adipose tissue insulin resistance, evidenced by increased PTP1B and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) inhibitory phosphorylation and decreased Akt activity, was detected. In addition, fructose stimulated the nuclear accumulation of NFκB, increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα), and protein level of macrophage marker F4/80, superoxide dismutase 1, and glutathione reductase. In contrast to the females, the fructose diet had no effect on plasma uric acid and VAT inflammation in the male rats, but less prominent alterations in VAT insulin signaling were observed. Conclusion: Even though dietary fructose did not elicit changes in energy intake and led to obesity in the females, it initiated the proliferation of small-sized adipocytes capable of storing fats further. In contrast to the males, this state of VAT was accompanied with enhanced inflammation, which most likely contributed to the development of insulin resistance. The observed distinction could possibly originate from sex-related differences in uric acid metabolism. Our results suggest that VAT inflammation could precede obesity and start even before the measurable increase in VAT mass, making it a silent risk factor for the development of T2D. Our results emphasize that adipose tissue dysfunction, rather than its simple enlargement, could significantly contribute to the onset and development of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Kovačević
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Brkljačić
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Vojnović Milutinović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljupka Gligorovska
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Bursać
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Elaković
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Djordjevic
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Li D, Zheng J, Hatia R, Hassan M, Daniel CR. Dietary Intake of Fatty Acids and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Case-Control Study. J Nutr 2021; 152:439-447. [PMID: 34665254 PMCID: PMC8826846 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological findings on dietary fat intake and risk of pancreatic cancer (PanC) are inconsistent. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the association between types of dietary fat intake and PanC. METHODS We conducted a hospital-based case-control study in 957 pathologically confirmed PanC cases and 938 cancer-free controls. Cases and controls were frequency matched by age, sex, and race. Dietary information was collected using a self-administered validated FFQ. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the ORs and 95% CIs of PanC risk by quintiles of fat intake with the lowest quintile as referent and with adjustment for other risk factors and dietary factors. RESULTS We observed no difference in (median) intake of total fat standardized for energy among cases versus controls. The multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI) of the highest versus the lowest quintile of intake (ORQ5 compared with Q1) was 2.51 (1.68-3.72) for fat from animal sources and 0.41 (0.29-0.58) for fat from plant sources. Intakes of total MUFA, total PUFA, and linoleic (n-6) and long chain n-3 fatty acids were inversely associated with PanC (ORQ5 compared with Q1 and 95% CI: 0.55 [0.36-0.82], 0.59 [0.42-0.82], 0.64 [0.43-0.84], and 0.60 [0.42-0.84], respectively). Arachidonic acid (n-6) and several SFAs were positively associated with PanC. CONCLUSION Although some observed associations with pancreatic cancer risk could be explained by reverse causation, the potential protective associations with intakes of largely plant-derived PUFAs and MUFAs and fish-derived long chain n-3 PUFAs warrant further prospective investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiali Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rikita Hatia
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manal Hassan
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carrie R Daniel
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Malinska H, Klementová M, Kudlackova M, Veleba J, Hoskova E, Oliyarnyk O, Markova I, Thieme L, Hill M, Pelikanova T, Kahleova H. A plant-based meal reduces postprandial oxidative and dicarbonyl stress in men with diabetes or obesity compared with an energy- and macronutrient-matched conventional meal in a randomized crossover study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:84. [PMID: 34507586 PMCID: PMC8434736 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00609-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased oxidative/dicarbonyl stress and chronic inflammation are considered key pathophysiological mediators in the progression of complications in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Lifestyle and diet composition have a major impact. In this study, we tested the effects of a vegan (V) and a conventional meat containg (M) meal, matched for energy and macronutrients, on postprandial oxidative and dicarbonyl stress, inflammatory markers and appetite hormones. METHODS A randomised crossover design was used to evaluate T2D, obese with normal glucose tolerance and control participants (n = 20 in each group), with serum concentrations of analytes determined at 0, 120 and 180 min. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS In T2D subjects, we observed decreased postprandial concentrations of oxidised glutathione (p ˂ 0.001) and increased glutathione peroxidase activity (p = 0.045) after the V-meal consumption, compared with the M-meal. In obese participants, V-meal consumption increased postprandial concentrations of reduced glutathione (p = 0.041) and decreased methylglyoxal concentrations (p = 0.023). There were no differences in postprandial secretion of TNFα, MCP-1 or ghrelin in T2D or obese men, but we did observe higher postprandial secretion of leptin after the V-meal in T2D men (p = 0.002) compared with the M-meal. CONCLUSIONS The results show that a plant-based meal is efficient in ameliorating the postprandial oxidative and dicarbonyl stress compared to a conventional energy- and macronutrient-matched meal, indicating the therapeutic potential of plant-based nutrition in improving the progression of complications in T2D and obese patients. Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier No. NCT02474147.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Malinska
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Klementová
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jiri Veleba
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Hoskova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olena Oliyarnyk
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Markova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Thieme
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hill
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Terezie Pelikanova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kahleova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, 5100 Wisconsin Ave, NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC, 20016, USA.
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Prysyazhnyuk V, Sydorchuk L, Sydorchuk R, Prysiazhniuk I, Bobkovych K, Buzdugan I, Dzuryak V, Prysyazhnyuk P. Glutathione-S-transferases genes-promising predictors of hepatic dysfunction. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:620-633. [PMID: 34239698 PMCID: PMC8239493 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i6.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most commonly known genes involved in chronic diffuse liver diseases pathogenesis are genes that encodes the synthesis of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), known as the second phase enzyme detoxification system that protects against endogenous oxidative stress and exogenous toxins, through catalisation of glutathione sulfuric groups conjugation and decontamination of lipid and deoxyribonucleic acid oxidation products. The group of GST enzymes consists of cytosolic, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions. Recently, eight classes of soluble cytoplasmic isoforms of GST enzymes are widely known: α-, ζ-, θ-, κ-, μ-, π-, σ-, and ω-. The GSTs gene family in the Human Gene Nomenclature Committee, online database recorded over 20 functional genes. The level of GSTs expression is considered to be a crucial factor in determining the sensitivity of cells to a broad spectrum of toxins. Nevertheless, human GSTs genes have multiple and frequent polymorphisms that include the complete absence of the GSTM1 or the GSTT1 gene. Current review supports the position that genetic polymorphism of GST genes is involved in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases, particularly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis and liver cirrhosis of different etiology and hepatocellular carcinoma. Certain GST allelic variants were proven to be associated with susceptibility to hepatological pathology, and correlations with the natural course of the diseases were subsequently postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl Prysyazhnyuk
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi 58002, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine
| | - Larysa Sydorchuk
- Department of Family Medicine, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi 58002, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine
| | - Ruslan Sydorchuk
- Department of Surgery, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi 58002, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Prysiazhniuk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Invectious Diseases, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi 58002, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna Bobkovych
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi 58002, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine
| | - Inna Buzdugan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Invectious Diseases, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi 58002, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine
| | - Valentina Dzuryak
- Department of Family Medicine, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi 58002, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine
| | - Petro Prysyazhnyuk
- Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi 58002, Chernivtsi region, Ukraine
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Bjørklund G, Tippairote T, Dadar M, Lizcano F, Aaseth J, Borisova O. The Roles of Dietary, Nutritional and Lifestyle Interventions in Adipose Tissue Adaptation and Obesity. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1683-1702. [PMID: 32368968 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200505090449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The obesity and the associated non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are globally increasing in their prevalence. While the modern-day lifestyle required less ventilation of metabolic energy through muscular activities, this lifestyle transition also provided the unlimited accession to foods around the clock, which prolong the daily eating period of foods that contained high calorie and high glycemic load. These situations promote the high continuous flux of carbon substrate availability in mitochondria and induce the indecisive bioenergetic switches. The disrupted bioenergetic milieu increases the uncoupling respiration due to the excess flow of the substrate-derived reducing equivalents and reduces ubiquinones into the respiratory chain. The diversion of the uncoupling proton gradient through adipocyte thermogenesis will then alleviate the damaging effects of free radicals to mitochondria and other organelles. The adaptive induction of white adipose tissues (WAT) to beige adipose tissues (beAT) has shown beneficial effects on glucose oxidation, ROS protection and mitochondrial function preservation through the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-independent thermogenesis of beAT. However, the maladaptive stage can eventually initiate with the persistent unhealthy lifestyles. Under this metabolic gridlock, the low oxygen and pro-inflammatory environments promote the adipose breakdown with sequential metabolic dysregulation, including insulin resistance, systemic inflammation and clinical NCDs progression. It is unlikely that a single intervention can reverse all these complex interactions. A comprehensive protocol that includes dietary, nutritional and all modifiable lifestyle interventions, can be the preferable choice to decelerate, stop, or reverse the NCDs pathophysiologic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Torsak Tippairote
- Doctor of Philosophy Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital and Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Olga Borisova
- Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University, Odessa, Ukraine
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Ding L, Fan Y, He J, Wang R, He Q, Cui J, Ma Z, Zheng F, Gao H, Dai C, Wei H, Li J, Cao Y, Hu G, Liu M. Different Indicators of Adiposity and Fat Distribution and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:837-845. [PMID: 33899339 PMCID: PMC9115840 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adiposity and fat distribution on the odds of elevated cardiovascular risk factors among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS The present cross-sectional study included 2,427 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Body fat was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression was used to estimate effects of adiposity parameters on elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c , ≥7.0%), hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg), and elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (≥2.6 mmol/L). RESULTS The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for elevated HbA1c was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.70-0.96) for each SD increase in leg fat mass. The multivariable-adjusted OR for hypertension was 1.15 (95% CI: 1.00-1.32) for each SD increase in android fat mass. Multivariable-adjusted ORs for elevated LDL cholesterol ranged from 1.16 (95% CI: 1.00-1.35) to 1.27 (95% CI: 1.06-1.51) for each SD increase in arm and android fat mass and percentage of total, truncal, arm, and android fat. Each SD increase in BMI, truncal-to-leg fat ratio, and android-to-gynoid fat ratio was significantly associated with increased risks of elevated HbA1c , hypertension, and elevated LDL cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS Subcutaneous fat in the lower body was associated with a more favorable glycemic profile, but not blood pressure or lipid profile, whereas central adiposity was associated with poor control of cardiovascular risk factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxin Fan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jing He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruodan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingqiu Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongshu Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangqiu Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenlin Dai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyan Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuming Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Leng J, McNally S, Walton G, Swann J, Proudman C, Argo C, Emery S, La Ragione R, Eustace R. Hay vs haylage: Forage type influences the equine urinary metabonome and faecal microbiota. Equine Vet J 2021; 54:614-625. [PMID: 33900659 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbial communities are increasingly being linked to diseases in animals and humans. Obesity and its associated diseases are a concern for horse owners and veterinarians, and there is a growing interest in the link among diet, the intestinal microbiota and metabolic disease. OBJECTIVES Assess the influence of long-term hay or haylage feeding on the microbiota and metabolomes of 20 Welsh mountain ponies. STUDY DESIGN Longitudinal study. METHODS Urine, faeces and blood were collected from 20 ponies on a monthly basis over a 13-month period. Urine and faeces were analysed using proton magnetic resonance (1 H NMR) spectroscopy and faecal bacterial DNA underwent 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Faecal bacterial community profiles were observed to be different for the two groups, with discriminant analysis identifying 102 bacterial groups (or operational taxonomic units, OTUs) that differed in relative abundance in accordance with forage type. Urinary metabolic profiles of the hay- and haylage-fed ponies were significantly different during 12 of the 13 mo of the study. Notably, the urinary excretion of hippurate was greater in the hay-fed ponies for the duration of the study, while ethyl-glucoside excretion was higher in the haylage-fed ponies. MAIN LIMITATIONS The study was undertaken over a 13-month period and both groups of ponies had access to pasture during the summer months. CONCLUSIONS The data generated from this study suggest that the choice of forage may have implications for the intestinal microbiota and metabolism of ponies and, therefore, potentially their health status. Understanding the potential implication of feeding a particular type of forage will enable horse owners to make more informed choices with regard to feed, especially if their horse or pony is prone to weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Leng
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Susan McNally
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Gemma Walton
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Jonathan Swann
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chris Proudman
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Sue Emery
- The Laminitis Clinic, Chippenham, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Roberto La Ragione
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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Pruszyńska-Oszmałek E, Wojciechowska M, Sassek M, Krauss H, Leciejewska N, Szczepankiewicz D, Ślósarz P, Nogowski L, Kołodziejski PA. The Long-Term Effects of High-Fat and High-Protein Diets on the Metabolic and Endocrine Activity of Adipocytes in Rats. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040339. [PMID: 33920712 PMCID: PMC8073757 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The increasing prevalence of worldwide obesity and growing awareness of its negative consequences are forcing scientists to take a new view of nutrition and search for new diets. Therefore, to find some new relationships between diet and metabolism, we analyzed the effects of the long-term (60 and 120 days) use of a high-protein diet (HPD) and of a high-fat diet (HFD) on the metabolic and endocrine functions of fat tissue and on biochemical indices in rat blood in the present study. This research helped us to understand the roles of diet in the metabolic and endocrine functioning of adipocytes. Our study indicated that an HFD has a negative effect on fat tissue function, whereas the HPD showed positive results, such as increased insulin sensitivity and improved glucose and lipid metabolism in isolated adipocytes in vitro. Abstract The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity and the rising awareness of their negative consequences are forcing researchers to take a new view of nutrition and its consequences for the metabolism of whole organisms as well as the metabolism of their individual systems and cells. Despite studies on nutrition having been carried out for a few decades, not many of them have focused on the impacts of these diets on changes in the metabolism and endocrine functions of isolated adipocytes. Therefore, we decided to investigate the effects of the long-term use (60 and 120 days) of a high-fat diet (HFD) and of a high-protein diet (HPD) on basic metabolic processes in fat cells—lipogenesis, lipolysis, and glucose uptake—and endocrine function, which was determined according to the secretion of adipokines into the incubation medium. Our results proved that the HPD diet improved insulin sensitivity, increased the intracellular uptake of glucose (p < 0.01) and its incorporation into lipids (p < 0.01) and modulated the endocrine function of these cells (decreasing leptin secretion; p < 0.01). The levels of biochemical parameters in the serum blood also changed in the HPD-fed rats. The effects of the HFD were inverse, as expected. We observed a decrease in adiponectin secretion and a diminished rate of lipogenesis (p < 0.01). Simultaneously, the secretion of leptin and resistin (p < 0.01) from isolated adipocytes increased. In conclusion, we noted that the long-term use of HPD and HFD diets modulates the metabolism and endocrine functions of isolated rat adipocytes. We summarize that an HFD had a negative effect on fat tissue functioning, whereas an HPD had positive results, such as increased insulin sensitivity and an improved metabolism of glucose and lipids in fat tissue. Moreover, we noticed that negative metabolic changes are reflected more rapidly in isolated cells than in the metabolism of the whole organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Pruszyńska-Oszmałek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (N.L.); (D.S.); (L.N.)
- Correspondence: or (E.P.-O.); or (P.A.K.); Tel.: +48-618-486-084 (E.P.-O.); +48-511-468-396 (P.A.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Wojciechowska
- Department of Mother and Child Health, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Maciej Sassek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (N.L.); (D.S.); (L.N.)
| | - Hanna Krauss
- Department of Medicine, The President Stanisław Wojciechowski State University of Applied Sciences in Kalisz, Nowy Świat 4, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland;
| | - Natalia Leciejewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (N.L.); (D.S.); (L.N.)
| | - Dawid Szczepankiewicz
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (N.L.); (D.S.); (L.N.)
| | - Piotr Ślósarz
- Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Sloneczna 1, 62-002 Zlotniki, Poland;
| | - Leszek Nogowski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (N.L.); (D.S.); (L.N.)
| | - Paweł A. Kołodziejski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (N.L.); (D.S.); (L.N.)
- Correspondence: or (E.P.-O.); or (P.A.K.); Tel.: +48-618-486-084 (E.P.-O.); +48-511-468-396 (P.A.K.)
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Vásquez-Alvarez S, Bustamante-Villagomez SK, Vazquez-Marroquin G, Porchia LM, Pérez-Fuentes R, Torres-Rasgado E, Herrera-Fomperosa O, Montes-Arana I, Gonzalez-Mejia ME. Metabolic Age, an Index Based on Basal Metabolic Rate, Can Predict Individuals That are High Risk of Developing Metabolic Syndrome. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2021; 28:263-270. [PMID: 33666897 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-021-00441-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Every 10 years, an adult's basal metabolic rate (BMR), independent of their BMI, decreases 1-2% due to skeletal muscle loss, thus decreasing an adult's energy requirement and promoting obesity. Increased obesity augments the risk of developing Metabolic Syndrome (MetS); however, an adult's healthy lifestyle, which increases BMR, can mitigate MetS development. To compare different BMRs for certain ages, Metabolic age (Met-age) was developed. AIM To assess the association between Met-age and MetS and to determine if Met-age is an indicator of high-risk individuals for MetS. METHODS Four hundred thirty-five attendees at 2 clinics agreed to participate and gave signed informed consent. MetS risk was assessed by the ESF-I questionnaire. Met-age was determined using a TANITA bio-analyzer. Strengthen of association was determined by calculating Spearman's rho and predictability was evaluated by the area-under-a-receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC). Difference-in-age (DIA) = [chronological age - Met-age]. RESULTS There was a difference between the low-risk (n = 155) and the high-risk (n = 280) groups' Met-age (37.8±16.7 v. 62.9±17.3) and DIA (1.3±17.4 v. - 10.5±20.8, p < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between the ESF-I questionnaire and Met-age (rho = - 0.624, p < 0.001) and a negative correlation for DIA (rho = - 0.358, p < 0.001). Met-age was strongly predictive (AUC = 0.84, 95% CI 0.80-0.88), suggesting a 45.5 years cutoff (sensitivity = 83.2%, specificity = 72.3%). DIA was a good predictor (AUC = 0.68, 95% CI 0.63-0.74) with a - 11.5 years cutoff (sensitivity = 52.5%, specificity = 82.8%). CONCLUSION Met-age highly associated with and is an indicator of high-risk individuals for MetS. This would suggest that increases in Met-age are associated with augmented MetS severity, independent of the individual's chronological age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarahi Vásquez-Alvarez
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Calle 13 Sur 2901 Colonia Volcanes, C.P. 72420, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Sergio K Bustamante-Villagomez
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Calle 13 Sur 2901 Colonia Volcanes, C.P. 72420, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Vazquez-Marroquin
- Facultad de nutrición, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Calle 13 Sur 2901 Colonia Volcanes, C.P. 72420, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Leonardo M Porchia
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Fisiopatología de Enfermedades Crónicas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Delegación Puebla, Carretera Federal Atlixco-Metepec Km 4.5, C.P. 42730, Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Fuentes
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Calle 13 Sur 2901 Colonia Volcanes, C.P. 72420, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Investigación en Fisiopatología de Enfermedades Crónicas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Delegación Puebla, Carretera Federal Atlixco-Metepec Km 4.5, C.P. 42730, Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Enrique Torres-Rasgado
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Calle 13 Sur 2901 Colonia Volcanes, C.P. 72420, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Oscar Herrera-Fomperosa
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Calle 13 Sur 2901 Colonia Volcanes, C.P. 72420, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ivette Montes-Arana
- Unidad de Medicina Familiar 2 (UMF-2) del IMSS, Delegación Puebla, Calle 9 Oriente 404, Colonia Centro, C.P. 72000, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - M Elba Gonzalez-Mejia
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Calle 13 Sur 2901 Colonia Volcanes, C.P. 72420, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
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Brasil SC, Santos RMM, Fernandes A, Lima RS, Costa CAS, Pinto KMMDC, Pires FR, Santos MDD, Siqueira JF, Armada L. Influence of a High-fat Diet in the Progression of Apical Periodontitis. J Endod 2020; 47:600-605. [PMID: 33387552 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study evaluated the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) on the progression of apical periodontitis (AP) in rats. METHODS Eight-week old Wistar rats (N = 24) were included in this study. Half of the animals received an HFD and the other half a control diet (CD). AP lesions were induced 8 weeks later by creating pulp exposure of the mandibular left first molars. The animal's body mass was verified on a weekly basis. After 21 and 40 days, the animals were sacrificed. Blood was collected for biochemical tests, and the liver was removed for hepatic triglycerides analysis. The left hemimandibles were removed, radiographed, and then prepared for histologic evaluation. The right hemimandibles (region near molars) were removed for bone mineral density analysis by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Radiographs showed that AP lesions were significantly larger in the HFD group compared with the CD group (P < .05). Histologic analysis confirmed that the AP lesions were larger and revealed a more severe inflammatory infiltrate in the HFD group. Bone mineral density was reduced in the HFD group compared with the CD groups (P < .05). The HFD resulted in a significant increase in body mass (P < .05), liver mass (P < .05), relative liver mass (P < .05), and hepatic triglycerides (P < .05). The levels of triglycerides and very-low-density lipoprotein were significantly higher in the 40-day HFD group compared with the 21-day HFD and 21- and 40-day CD groups (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that an HFD can influence the progression and severity of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina C Brasil
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rachel M M Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminens Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arlete Fernandes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminens Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renan S Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminens Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto S Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio R Pires
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia de Deus Santos
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Armada
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Abstract
Obesity is associated with high-grade and advanced prostate cancer. While this association may be multi-factorial, studies suggest that obesity-induced inflammation may play a role in the progression of advanced prostate cancer. The microenvironment associated with obesity increases growth factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines which have been implicated mechanistically to promote invasion, metastasis, and androgen-independent growth. This review summarizes recent findings related to obesity-induced inflammation which may be the link to advanced prostate cancer. In addition, this review while introduce novel targets to mitigate prostate cancer metastasis to the bone. Specific emphasis will be placed on the role of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, and IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Olivas
- Nutrition and Foods, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
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Abstract
Almost 2 billion adults in the world are overweight, and more than half of them are classified as obese, while nearly one-third of children globally experience poor growth and development. Given the vast amount of knowledge that has been gleaned from decades of research on growth and development, a number of questions remain as to why the world is now in the midst of a global epidemic of obesity accompanied by the "double burden of malnutrition," where overweight coexists with underweight and micronutrient deficiencies. This challenge to the human condition can be attributed to nutritional and environmental exposures during pregnancy that may program a fetus to have a higher risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. To explore this concept, frequently called the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), this review considers a host of factors and physiological mechanisms that drive a fetus or child toward a higher risk of obesity, fatty liver disease, hypertension, and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D). To that end, this review explores the epidemiology of DOHaD with discussions focused on adaptations to human energetics, placental development, dysmetabolism, and key environmental exposures that act to promote chronic diseases in adulthood. These areas are complementary and additive in understanding how providing the best conditions for optimal growth can create the best possible conditions for lifelong health. Moreover, understanding both physiological as well as epigenetic and molecular mechanisms for DOHaD is vital to most fully address the global issues of obesity and other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Hoffman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Program in International Nutrition, and Center for Childhood Nutrition Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Division of Exposure Science and Epidemiology, Rutgers Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Daniel B Hardy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Division of Exposure Science and Epidemiology, Rutgers Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Bosch M, Parton RG, Pol A. Lipid droplets, bioenergetic fluxes, and metabolic flexibility. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 108:33-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ghazizadeh H, Esmaily H, Sharifan P, Parizadeh SMR, Ferns GA, Rastgar-Moghadam A, Khedmatgozar H, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Avan A. Interaction between a genetic variant in vascular endothelial growth factor with dietary intakes in association with the main factors of metabolic syndrome. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Rausch J, Gillespie S, Orchard T, Tan A, McDaniel JC. Systematic review of marine-derived omega-3 fatty acid supplementation effects on leptin, adiponectin, and the leptin-to-adiponectin ratio. Nutr Res 2020; 85:135-152. [PMID: 33482602 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that adipokines, leptin and adiponectin, produced and secreted by adipocytes, are involved in regulating systemic inflammation and may be important targets for interventions to reduce the chronic systemic inflammation linked to some conditions common in aging (e.g., atherosclerosis). Lower leptin levels and higher adiponectin levels in peripheral circulation have been associated with less systemic inflammation. While some studies have shown that marine-derived omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and/or docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) have effects on leptin and adiponectin in the context of inflammation, the extent of their effects remain unclear. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize findings from randomized, controlled trials that measured effects of EPA+DHA supplementation on circulating levels of leptin and adiponectin to determine the state of the science. PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Trials were searched up to June 2018 for studies meeting inclusion criteria. Thirty-one studies included in this review were conducted in 16 countries. Eighteen studies reported lower leptin and/or higher adiponectin levels with EPA+DHA supplementation versus placebo at study end point (9 reported statistically significant differences), but doses, supplementation duration, and population characteristics varied across studies. In 9 studies reporting significantly lower leptin and/or higher adiponectin levels the EPA+DHA dose was 0.52 to 4.2 g/day for 4 to 24 weeks. Additional studies are warranted which assess dose parameters and patient populations similar to studies reporting significant effects of EPA+DHA on leptin or adiponectin in order to evaluate the extent of reproducibility before recommending EPA+DHA as a therapy to target these adipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Rausch
- Indiana University Fort Wayne, School of Nursing, Fort Wayne, IN, 46805, USA.
| | | | - Tonya Orchard
- Ohio State University, College of Education and Human Ecology, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Alai Tan
- Ohio State University, College of Nursing, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jodi C McDaniel
- Ohio State University, College of Nursing, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Moghbeli M, Khedmatgozar H, Yadegari M, Avan A, Ferns GA, Ghayour Mobarhan M. Cytokines and the immune response in obesity-related disorders. Adv Clin Chem 2020; 101:135-168. [PMID: 33706888 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of obesity and the associated morbidity and mortality are important public health problems globally. There is an important relationship between an unhealthy lifestyle and increased serum inflammatory cytokines. Adipocytes secrete several pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in the recruitment and activation of macrophages resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation. Increased cytokines in obese individual are related to the progression of several disorders including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and insulin resistance. In present review we have summarized the crucial roles of cytokines and their inflammatory functions in obesity-related immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Khedmatgozar
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Yadegari
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee and Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Majid Ghayour Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Vizioli C, Jaime-Lara RB, Franks AT, Ortiz R, Joseph PV. Untargeted Metabolomic Approach Shows No Differences in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Subjects Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: An Exploratory Study. Biol Res Nurs 2020; 23:109-118. [PMID: 32762338 DOI: 10.1177/1099800420942900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity plays a major role in the development of insulin resistance (IR) and diabetes (T2DM). Increased adipose tissue (AT) is particularly of interest because it activates a chronic inflammatory response in adipocytes and other tissues. AT plays key endocrine and metabolic functions, acting in the regulation of insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis. Additionally, it can be easily collected during bariatric surgery. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the potential differences in AT metabolism, through comparing the untargeted metabolomic profiles of diabetic and non-diabetic obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. METHODS For this exploratory study, samples were collected from 17 subjects. Subcutaneous AT (SAT) samples from obese-diabetic (n = 8) and Obese-non-Diabetic (n = 9) subjects were obtained from the Human Metabolic Tissue Bank. Untargeted metabolomic profiling was performed by Metabolon® Inc. Statistical analysis was performed using the MetaboAnalyst 4.0 platform. RESULTS Among the 421 metabolites identified and analyzed there were no significant differences between the Obese-Diabetics and the Obese-non-Diabetics. Small changes were observed by fold change analysis mainly in lipid (n = 12; e.g. NEFAs) and amino acid (n = 8; e.g. BCAAs) metabolic pathways. Dysregulation of these metabolites has been associated with IR and other T2DM-related pathophysiological processes. CONCLUSION Obesity may influence SAT metabolism masking T2DM-dependent dysregulation. Better understanding the metabolic differences within SAT in diabetic populations may help identify potential biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring of T2DM in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Vizioli
- Sensory Science & Metabolism Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Nursing Research, 2511National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rosario B Jaime-Lara
- Sensory Science & Metabolism Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Nursing Research, 2511National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexis T Franks
- Sensory Science & Metabolism Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Nursing Research, 2511National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rodrigo Ortiz
- Sensory Science & Metabolism Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Nursing Research, 2511National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paule V Joseph
- Sensory Science & Metabolism Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Nursing Research, 2511National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Antidiabetic Effects of Arginyl-Fructosyl-Glucose, a Nonsaponin Fraction from Ginseng Processing in Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Mice through Regulating the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3 β and Bcl-2/Bax Signaling Pathways. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3707904. [PMID: 32714403 PMCID: PMC7352147 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3707904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) caused insulin secretion disorder and hyperglycemia, further causing tissue and organ damage. In recent years, studies on ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) and its saponins (Ginsenosides) have proved to possess antidiabetic pharmacological activities, but the mechanism of nonsaponins on STZ-induced T2DM is still unclear. Arginyl-fructosyl-glucose (AFG) is a representative nonsaponin component produced in the processing of red ginseng. The present study was designed to assess the possible healing consequence of AFG on STZ-induced T2DM in mice and also to explore its fundamental molecular contrivances. T2DM-related indexes, fasting blood glucose levels, and body weight, histological changes, biochemical considerations, biomarkers, the mRNA countenance intensities of inflammatory facts, and variations in correlated protein manifestation in adipose tissue and liver tissue were calculated. Consequences specified that AFG usage successfully amends STZ-induced insulin conflict and liver grievance in T2DM. Systematically, AFG action diminished STZ-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in the liver. In addition, we demonstrated that AFG also attenuates apoptosis and insulin secretion disorders in T2DM by adjusting the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway. At the end, these discoveries recommend that AFG averts the development of T2DM through numerous types of machinery and proposes that AFG can also be used in order to treat T2DM in the future.
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Comiran PK, Ribeiro MC, Silva JHG, Martins KO, Santos IA, Chiaradia AEF, Silva AZ, Dekker RFH, Barbosa-Dekker AM, Alegranci P, Queiroz EAIF. Botryosphaeran Attenuates Tumor Development and the Cancer Cachexia Syndrome in Walker-256 Tumor-Bearing Obese Rats and Improves the Metabolic and Hematological Profiles of These Rats. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:1175-1192. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1789681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia K. Comiran
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Mariana C. Ribeiro
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - John H. G. Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Kamila O. Martins
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Izabella A. Santos
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Ana Emilia F. Chiaradia
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Amadeu Z. Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Robert F. H. Dekker
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Pâmela Alegranci
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Eveline A. I. F. Queiroz
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Apoio Didático em Saúde (NUPADS), Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Câmpus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
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Li X, Frazier JA, Spahiu E, McPherson M, Miller RA. Muscle-dependent regulation of adipose tissue function in long-lived growth hormone-mutant mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:8766-8789. [PMID: 32464603 PMCID: PMC7288969 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Altered adipose tissue may contribute to the longevity of Snell dwarf and growth hormone receptor (GHR) knock-out mice. We report here that white (WAT) and brown (BAT) fat have elevated UCP1 in both kinds of mice, and that adipocytes in WAT depots turn beige/brown. These imply increased thermogenesis and are expected to lead to improved glucose control. Both kinds of long-lived mice show lower levels of inflammatory M1 macrophages and higher levels of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in BAT and WAT, with correspondingly lower levels of TNFα, IL-6, and MCP1. Experiments with mice with tissue-specific disruption of GHR showed that these adipocyte and macrophage changes were not due to hepatic IGF1 production nor to direct GH effects on adipocytes, but instead reflect GH effects on muscle. Muscles deprived of GH signals, either globally (GKO) or in muscle only (MKO), produce higher levels of circulating irisin and its precursor FNDC5. The data thus suggest that the changes in adipose tissue differentiation and inflammatory status seen in long-lived mutant mice reflect interruption of GH-dependent irisin inhibition, with consequential effects on metabolism and thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinna Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jacquelyn A. Frazier
- College of Literature, Sciences, and The Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Edward Spahiu
- College of Literature, Sciences, and The Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Madaline McPherson
- College of Literature, Sciences, and The Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Richard A. Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA,University of Michigan Geriatrics Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Glutathione S-transferase T1 and M1 null genotype distribution among non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients and its association with cytokine and adipokine profiles. Clin Exp Hepatol 2020; 6:142-149. [PMID: 32728632 PMCID: PMC7380472 DOI: 10.5114/ceh.2020.95678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study Among the key genes involved in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are genes encoding the synthesis of glutathione S-transferase (GST). Material and methods Deletion polymorphism of GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes was investigated in 104 NAFLD patients and 45 healthy individuals. Biochemical blood analysis, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-10, leptin and adiponectin plasma levels were studied. Results The distribution of deletion vs. non-deletion genotypes of the GSTT1 gene in NAFLD patients was 18 (17.3%) vs. 86 (82.7%) patients and in healthy people it was 6 (13.3%) vs. 39 (86.7%) individuals. The genotype distribution of the GSTM1 gene was as follows: 52 (50.0%) NAFLD patients had null genotype vs. 52 patients (50.0%) with non-deletion genotype; in the control group - 23 (51.1%) vs. 22 (48.9%) individuals. Deletion of the GSTT1 gene in NAFLD patients was associated with twice as high (p = 0.01) TNF-α level in the blood as compared to patients with normal genotype. Higher concentration of leptin in blood by 37.1% (p = 0.04) was observed in patients with null genotype of the GSTM1 gene, as compared to those with normal genotype. Conclusions Deletion polymorphism of GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes distribution among NAFLD patients did not differ as compared to healthy individuals. Null-genotype GSTT1 gene carriers were characterized by higher TNF-α concentration and null-genotype GSTM1 gene carriers were characterized by elevated leptin level as compared to normal genotype carriers.
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Souza DRD, Pieri BLDS, Comim VH, Marques SDO, Luciano TF, Rodrigues MS, De Souza CT. Fish oil reduces subclinical inflammation, insulin resistance, and atherogenic factors in overweight/obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A pre-post pilot study. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107553. [PMID: 32014347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance-associated obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are commonly accompanied with metabolic lipid abnormalities and are characterized by hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-c levels (atherogenic index plasma, AIP). The primary molecular mechanism that is known to cause insulin resistance is chronic low-grade inflammation. Considering that omega-3 fatty acid reduces subclinical inflammation, we hypothesized that fish oil could affect insulin resistance and AIP. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effects of fish oil supplementation on the inflammatory, insulin resistance, and atherogenic factors in overweight/obese T2DM patients. RESEARCH DESIGNS AND METHODS In this study, we recruited 32 overweight and/or obese patients diagnosed with T2DM for over one year and who exhibited hypertriglyceridemia. These patients received fish oil supplementation (4.0 g/day) for eight weeks. Anthropometric and body composition measurements were obtained. In addition, blood samples were collected before and after omega-3 supplementation for the evaluation of lipid profile, glycemia, insulin, and inflammation. RESULTS As expected, patients showed reduction in the TNFα, IL-1β, and Il-6 levels after fish oil supplementation and showed improved insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR) without observed alterations in anthropometric and body composition. These observations were followed by reduction in the levels of triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids, increase in HDL cholesterol levels, and a significant reduction in triglycerides/HDL-c ratio, and total cholesterol/HDL-c ratio. CONCLUSION Fish oil supplementation is effective in reducing the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, improving insulin resistance, and reducing atherogenic factors in overweight/obese and T2DM patients independent of weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Roxo de Souza
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Extremo Sul Catarinense University, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Bruno Luiz da Silva Pieri
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Extremo Sul Catarinense University, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Vitor Hugo Comim
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Extremo Sul Catarinense University, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Scherolin de Oliveira Marques
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Extremo Sul Catarinense University, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Thais Fernandes Luciano
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Extremo Sul Catarinense University, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Matheus Scarpatto Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Extremo Sul Catarinense University, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Claudio Teodoro De Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medicine School, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
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Sousa JN, Paraíso AF, Andrade JMO, Lelis DF, Santos EM, Lima JP, Monteiro-Junior RS, D'Angelo MFSV, de Paula AMB, Guimarães ALS, Santos SHS. Oral gallic acid improve liver steatosis and metabolism modulating hepatic lipogenic markers in obese mice. Exp Gerontol 2020; 134:110881. [PMID: 32084535 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gallic acid (GA) is a natural endogenous polyphenol found in a variety of fruits, vegetables and wines, with beneficial effects on the energetic homeostasis. AIM The present study aimed to investigate oral gallic acid effects on liver steatosis and hepatic lipogenesis markers in obese mice evaluating new possible molecular related mechanisms. METHODS Twenty-four Swiss male mice were divided into four groups and fed for 60 days with standard diet (ST), standard diet plus gallic acid (ST + GA), high-fat diet (HFD), and high-fat diet plus gallic acid (HFD + GA). We evaluated the relationship between body weight, food intake and serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, aspartate and alanine transaminases. Liver histology was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. These results were accompanied by bioinformatics analyses. The acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression was assessed by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). RESULTS The main findings of the present study showed that GA reduced liver steatosis, body weight and plasma insulin levels. Analyzes of hepatic steatosis related genes expression showed that ACC and FAS mRNA were significantly suppressed in liver of HFD + GA mice. These data was corroborated by bioinformatics analysis. CONCLUSION These data suggest an important clinical application of GA in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaciara Neves Sousa
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - João Marcus Oliveira Andrade
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departament of Nursing, Faculdades Santo Agostinho, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Deborah Farias Lelis
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eloá Mangabeira Santos
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departament of Nursing, Faculdades Santo Agostinho, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pinto Lima
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Food Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renato Sobral Monteiro-Junior
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Alfredo Mauricio Batista de Paula
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Sena Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Laboratory of Health Science, Post graduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil; Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Food Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Ramzan F, D'Souza RF, Durainayagam BR, Milan AM, Markworth JF, Miranda-Soberanis V, Sequeira IR, Roy NC, Poppitt SD, Mitchell CJ, Cameron-Smith D. Circulatory miRNA biomarkers of metabolic syndrome. Acta Diabetol 2020; 57:203-214. [PMID: 31435783 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-019-01406-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Circulatory microRNAs (c-miRNAs) exert important roles in the molecular dysregulation of cardio-metabolic diseases. However, little is known whether dysregulated miRNA expression occurs when risk factors are elevated, as in the metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study quantified c-miRNA expression in individuals with MetS compared to healthy, further examining the relationship of gene pathways with the underlying pathogenesis. METHODS Expression of 26 miRNAs was quantified in plasma from 40 women (20 healthy and 20 MetS) and 39 men (20 healthy and 19 MetS) by qPCR. In silico analysis was performed to investigate biological effects of the dysregulated miRNAs. Dysregulated miRNA expression was further validated in an independent cohort of 20 women (10 healthy and 10 MetS). RESULTS Regression model adjusted for age and sex identified miR-15a-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-370-3p and miR-375 as important predictors of MetS presence. Analysis of predictive miRNAs in the validation cohort strengthened the relationship with miR-15a-5p and miR-17-5p expression. These miRNAs share genes involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways including insulin, wnt, fatty acid metabolism and AMPK. CONCLUSIONS miR-15a-5p and miR-17-5p were identified as predictive biomarkers of MetS, irrespective of sexes, further demonstrating the relationship of c-miRNAs to known pathways of metabolic disturbances present in cardio-metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ramzan
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- The Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - R F D'Souza
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - B R Durainayagam
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - A M Milan
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - J F Markworth
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | | | - I R Sequeira
- The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - N C Roy
- Food Nutrition and Health Team, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- The Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Food and Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - S D Poppitt
- The Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - C J Mitchell
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- School of Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - D Cameron-Smith
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
- The Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
- Food and Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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