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Yu L, Wang H, Wang F, Guo J, Xiao B, Hou Z, Lu Z, Pan Z, Zhou Y, Ye S, Wan D, Lin B, Ou Q, Fang Y. Serum biomarkers REG1A and REG3A combined with the traditional CEA represent a novel nomogram for the screening and risk stratification of colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03566-6. [PMID: 38965192 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03566-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To develop and validate a serum protein nomogram for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. METHODS The serum protein characteristics were extracted from an independent sample containing 30 colorectal cancer and 12 polyp tissues along with their paired samples, and different serum protein expression profiles were validated using RNA microarrays. The prediction model was developed in a training cohort that included 1345 patients clinicopathologically confirmed CRC and 518 normal participants, and data were gathered from November 2011 to January 2017. The lasso logistic regression model was employed for features selection and serum nomogram building. An internal validation cohort containing 576 CRC patients and 222 normal participants was assessed. RESULTS Serum signatures containing 27 secreted proteins were significantly differentially expressed in polyps and CRC compared to paired normal tissue, and REG family proteins were selected as potential predictors. The C-index of the nomogram1 (based on Lasso logistic regression model) which contains REG1A, REG3A, CEA and age was 0.913 (95% CI, 0.899 to 0.928) and was well calibrated. Addition of CA199 to the nomogram failed to show incremental prognostic value, as shown in nomogram2 (based on logistic regression model). Application of the nomogram1 in the independent validation cohort had similar discrimination (C-index, 0.912 [95% CI, 0.890 to 0.934]) and good calibration. The decision curve (DCA) and clinical impact curve (ICI) analysis demonstrated that nomogram1 was clinically useful. CONCLUSIONS This study presents a serum nomogram that included REG1A, REG3A, CEA and age, which can be convenient for screening of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Fulong Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Senboll Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Pingshan Bio-Pharmacy Business Accelerator, Pingshan District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Binyi Xiao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhenlin Hou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhenhai Lu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhizhong Pan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yaxian Zhou
- Senboll Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Pingshan Bio-Pharmacy Business Accelerator, Pingshan District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Sibin Ye
- Senboll Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Pingshan Bio-Pharmacy Business Accelerator, Pingshan District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Desen Wan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Bo Lin
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Qingjian Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Yujing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Stayoussef M, Weili X, Habel A, Barbirou M, Bedoui S, Attia A, Omrani Y, Zouari K, Maghrebi H, Almawi WY, Bouhaouala-Zahar B, Larbi A, Yacoubi-Loueslati B. Altered expression of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and soluble receptors in patients with colorectal cancer, and correlation with treatment outcome. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:169. [PMID: 38954024 PMCID: PMC11219625 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03746-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Insofar as they play an important role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC), this study analyzes the serum profile of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and soluble receptors in patients with CRC and cancer-free controls as possible CRC signatures. Serum levels of 65 analytes were measured in patients with CRC and age- and sex-matched cancer-free controls using the ProcartaPlex Human Immune Monitoring 65-Plex Panel. Of the 65 tested analytes, 8 cytokines (CSF-3, IFN-γ, IL-12p70, IL-18, IL-20, MIF, TNF-α and TSLP), 8 chemokines (fractalkine, MIP-1β, BLC, Eotaxin-1, Eotaxin-2, IP-10, MIP-1a, MIP-3a), 2 growth factors (FGF-2, MMP-1), and 4 soluble receptors (APRIL, CD30, TNFRII, and TWEAK), were differentially expressed in CRC. ROC analysis confirmed the high association of TNF-α, BLC, Eotaxin-1, APRIL, and Tweak with AUC > 0.70, suggesting theranostic application. The expression of IFN-γ, IL-18, MIF, BLC, Eotaxin-1, Eotaxin-2, IP-10, and MMP1 was lower in metastatic compared to non-metastatic CRC; only AUC of MIF and MIP-1β were > 0.7. Moreover, MDC, IL-7, MIF, IL-21, and TNF-α are positively associated with tolerance to CRC chemotherapy (CT) (AUC > 0.7), whereas IL-31, Fractalkine, Eotaxin-1, and Eotaxin-2 were positively associated with resistance to CT. TNF-α, BLC, Eotaxin-1, APRIL, and Tweak may be used as first-line early detection of CRC. The variable levels of MIF and MIP-1β between metastatic and non-metastatic cases assign prognostic nature to these factors in CRC progression. Regarding tolerance to CT, MDC, IL-7, MIF, IL-21, and TNF-α are key when down-regulated or resistant to treatment is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stayoussef
- Laboratory of Mycology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis (FST), Pathologies and Biomarkers (LR16ES05), University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), 1092, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - X Weili
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - A Habel
- Laboratory of Mycology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis (FST), Pathologies and Biomarkers (LR16ES05), University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), 1092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M Barbirou
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - S Bedoui
- Laboratory of Mycology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis (FST), Pathologies and Biomarkers (LR16ES05), University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), 1092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - A Attia
- Laboratory of Mycology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis (FST), Pathologies and Biomarkers (LR16ES05), University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), 1092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Y Omrani
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur, B.P. 74, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - K Zouari
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - H Maghrebi
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - W Y Almawi
- Laboratory of Mycology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis (FST), Pathologies and Biomarkers (LR16ES05), University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), 1092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - B Bouhaouala-Zahar
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur, B.P. 74, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Medical School of Tunis, Rue Djebal Lakhdar, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - A Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - B Yacoubi-Loueslati
- Laboratory of Mycology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis (FST), Pathologies and Biomarkers (LR16ES05), University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), 1092, Tunis, Tunisia
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Eng C, Yoshino T, Ruíz-García E, Mostafa N, Cann CG, O'Brian B, Benny A, Perez RO, Cremolini C. Colorectal cancer. Lancet 2024:S0140-6736(24)00360-X. [PMID: 38909621 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00360-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Despite decreased incidence rates in average-age onset patients in high-income economies, colorectal cancer is the third most diagnosed cancer in the world, with increasing rates in emerging economies. Furthermore, early onset colorectal cancer (age ≤50 years) is of increasing concern globally. Over the past decade, research advances have increased biological knowledge, treatment options, and overall survival rates. The increase in life expectancy is attributed to an increase in effective systemic therapy, improved treatment selection, and expanded locoregional surgical options. Ongoing developments are focused on the role of sphincter preservation, precision oncology for molecular alterations, use of circulating tumour DNA, analysis of the gut microbiome, as well as the role of locoregional strategies for colorectal cancer liver metastases. This overview is to provide a general multidisciplinary perspective of clinical advances in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Eng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Takayuki Yoshino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Erika Ruíz-García
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tumors and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Christopher G Cann
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brittany O'Brian
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amala Benny
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Chiara Cremolini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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4
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Berwald G, Young GP, Cock C, Bampton P, Fraser R, Symonds EL. The Diagnostic Performance of Fecal Immunochemical Tests for Detecting Advanced Neoplasia at Surveillance Colonoscopy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 22:878-885.e2. [PMID: 37743036 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS An increasing burden on health care resources has resulted in a backlog of individuals requiring colonoscopy, with delays in surveillance possibly detrimental for individuals at increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study investigated the use of a 2-sample fecal immunochemical test (FIT) to establish those most likely to have advanced neoplasia (AN) and in need of prioritized surveillance colonoscopy. METHODS This was a prospective study conducted in the tertiary care setting. Participants completed a 2-sample FIT (OC-Sensor, Eiken Chemical Company) within 90 days of surveillance colonoscopy. The sensitivity of FIT for detection of AN (CRC or advanced adenoma) in moderate- and high-risk individuals was determined at fecal hemoglobin thresholds between 2 and 80 μg/g feces. RESULTS A total of 766 patients were included (median age, 66.1 years [interquartile range, 58.1-72.9]; 49.9% male), with AN detected in 8.6% (66/766, including 5 CRC). For moderate-risk individuals (with prior history of adenoma or a significant family history of CRC), sensitivity of FIT for AN ranged from 73.5% at 2 μg/g feces, to 10.2% at 80 μg/g feces. For high-risk conditions (confirmed/suspected genetic syndromes or prior CRC), sensitivity of FIT was similar, ranging from 70.6% at the lowest positivity threshold of 2 μg/g feces, to 11.8% at 80 μg/g feces. Independent variables in the whole cohort for association with detection of AN at surveillance colonoscopy were age (odds ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.06) and FIT hemoglobin result ≥10 μg/g feces (odds ratio, 1.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-3.16). CONCLUSIONS The use of FIT before surveillance colonoscopy provides clinicians with insights into the risk of AN. This raises the possibility of a method to triage individuals, facilitating the more efficient management of endoscopic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Berwald
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Graeme P Young
- Cancer Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Charles Cock
- Cancer Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Bampton
- Cancer Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert Fraser
- Cancer Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, South Australia, Australia
| | - Erin L Symonds
- Cancer Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, South Australia, Australia.
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5
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Chiu LS, Calderwood AH. Noninvasive Colorectal Cancer Prevention Options in Older Adults. J Clin Gastroenterol 2023; 57:855-862. [PMID: 37436836 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and its incidence increases with age. The proportion of older adults in the United States continues to rise, making CRC prevention a key health priority for our aging population. CRC is a largely preventable disease through screening and polyp surveillance, and noninvasive modalities represent an important option for older adults in whom the burdens and risks of invasive testing are higher compared with younger adults. This review highlights the evidence, risks, and benefits of noninvasive CRC screening and surveillance options in older adults and discusses the challenges of CRC prevention in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Chiu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Audrey H Calderwood
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
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6
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Yu M, Yang C, Wang S, Shi Y, Wang J, Meng C, Xue L, Chen Z. Plasma Methylated SEPT9 as a Novel Biomarker for Predicting Liver Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00855-3. [PMID: 37608077 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00855-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the role of plasma methylated SEPT9 (mSEPT9) in predicting liver metastasis (LM) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The clinicopathological information of 115 consecutive CRC patients were collected. The differences of clinical characteristics and several biomarkers between CRC patients with LM and those with non-liver metastasis (NM) were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for predicting LM in CRC patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was applied to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of potential biomarkers in indicating the presence of LM in CRC. Compared with the CRC without LM, the levels of plasma mSEPT9 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were significantly increased in CRC with LM. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that plasma mSEPT9 was an independent risk factor for predicting LM in CRC. ROC curves showed that mSEPT9 and CEA could efficiently distinguish LM from NM in CRC. The area under the curve (AUC) of mSEPT9 was 0.850, which was slightly higher than that of CEA (0.842). The optimal cut-off value of mSEPT9 was 35.09 with a sensitivity of 81.82% and a specificity of 73.33%, both similar with that of CEA (sensitivity 87.27% and specificity 75.00%). In addition, the combination of mSEPT9 and CEA had a higher specificity than CEA alone (81.70% Vs 75.00%). Our findings suggest, for the first time, that plasma mSEPT9 might serve as a potential biomarker to predict LM in CRC, which deserves further in-depth study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengsi Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Changcheng Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jialu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Cunren Meng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Li Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhaoyun Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
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Segura A, Siddique SM. Reducing disparities and achieving health equity in colorectal cancer screening. TECHNIQUES AND INNOVATIONS IN GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY 2023; 25:284-296. [PMID: 37808233 PMCID: PMC10554575 DOI: 10.1016/j.tige.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Increases in colorectal cancer screening are linked to the declining incidence of the disease over the past three decades. These favorable trends, however, are not observed in marginalized racial and ethnic populations with disproportionately lower rates of screening, higher disease incidence, and increased mortality despite advances in health technology and policy. This review describes the differences in screening uptake and test selection amongst racial and ethnic groups, discusses known obstacles and facilitators that impact screening, and highlights existing frameworks developed to achieve health equity in colorectal cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Segura
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Shazia Mehmood Siddique
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania
- Leonard Davis Institute for Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania
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8
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Maheri M, Rezapour B, Didarloo A. Predictors of colorectal cancer screening intention based on the integrated theory of planned behavior among the average-risk individuals. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1800. [PMID: 36138376 PMCID: PMC9494818 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to determine the predictors of colorectal cancer screening intention based on the integrated theory of planned behavior among average -risk individuals in Urmia. Identifying these predictors will help design and implement various interventions, including educational interventions, according to the needs of this group, thereby taking a step towards improving the colorectal cancer screening index. Methods The present cross-sectional study was performed on 410 individuals at average risk of colorectal cancer referring to the comprehensive health services centers of Urmia in Iran. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of two parts. The first part captured the demographic information and medical history of the participants. The second part involved questions designed based on constructs of motivational phase of health action process approach, and theory of planned behavior, as well as behavioral intent to perform colorectal cancer screening. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results Outcome expectancies, risk perception, action self-efficacy, and normative beliefs, respectively had the largest impact and were significant and positive predictors of colorectal cancer screening intention. The study’s conceptual framework explained about 36% of the variance of behavioral intention among the average-risk individuals in Urmia. Conclusions Constructs of motivational phase of health action process approach, and theory of planned behavior are valuable and appropriate to identify the factors affecting the intention to undergo colorectal cancer screening as well as to design and implement educational interventions in this field. The four constructs of outcome expectancies, risk perception, action self-efficacy, and normative beliefs are suggested to be integrated into all educational interventions designed and implemented to improve the colorectal cancer screening index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Maheri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, 5756115198, Iran.,Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Baratali Rezapour
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Alireza Didarloo
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, 5756115198, Iran. .,Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Ruiz-Bañobre J, Rodriguez-Casanova A, Costa-Fraga N, Bao-Caamano A, Alvarez-Castro A, Carreras-Presas M, Brozos-Vazquez E, Vidal-Insua Y, Vazquez-Rivera F, Candamio-Folgar S, Mosquera-Presedo M, Lago-Lestón RM, Muinelo-Romay L, Vázquez-Bueno JÁ, Sanz-Pamplona R, Moreno V, Goel A, Castillo L, Martin AC, Arroyo R, Esteller M, Crujeiras AB, López-López R, Díaz-Lagares A. Noninvasive early detection of colorectal cancer by hypermethylation of the LINC00473 promoter in plasma cell-free DNA. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:86. [PMID: 35810318 PMCID: PMC9271259 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01302-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current noninvasive assays have limitations in the early detection of colorectal cancer. We evaluated the clinical utility of promoter methylation of the long noncoding RNA LINC00473 as a noninvasive biomarker to detect colorectal cancer and associated precancerous lesions. METHODS We evaluated the epigenetic regulation of LINC00473 through promoter hypermethylation in colorectal cancer cell lines using bisulfite genomic sequencing and expression analyses. DNA methylation of LINC00473 was analyzed in primary colorectal tumors using 450K arrays and RNA-seq from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Tissue-based findings were validated in several independent cohorts of colorectal cancer and advanced colorectal polyp patients by pyrosequencing. We explored the clinical utility of LINC00473 methylation for the early detection of colorectal cancer in plasma cell-free DNA by quantitative methylation-specific PCR and droplet digital PCR. RESULTS LINC00473 showed transcriptionally silencing due to promoter hypermethylation in colorectal cancer cell lines and primary tumors. Methylation of the LINC00473 promoter accurately detected primary colorectal tumors in two independent clinical cohorts, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of 0.94 and 0.89. This biomarker also identified advanced colorectal polyps from two other tissue-based clinical cohorts with high diagnostic accuracy (AUCs of 0.99 and 0.78). Finally, methylation analysis of the LINC00473 promoter in plasma cell-free DNA accurately identified patients with colorectal cancer and advanced colorectal polyps (AUCs of 0.88 and 0.84, respectively), which was confirmed in an independent cohort of patients. CONCLUSIONS Hypermethylation of the LINC00473 promoter is a new promising biomarker for noninvasive early detection of colorectal cancer and related precancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ruiz-Bañobre
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aitor Rodriguez-Casanova
- Cancer Epigenomics Laboratory, Epigenomics Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nicolas Costa-Fraga
- Cancer Epigenomics Laboratory, Epigenomics Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Aida Bao-Caamano
- Cancer Epigenomics Laboratory, Epigenomics Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Alvarez-Castro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Martín Carreras-Presas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Elena Brozos-Vazquez
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Yolanda Vidal-Insua
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisca Vazquez-Rivera
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sonia Candamio-Folgar
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Mosquera-Presedo
- Cancer Epigenomics Laboratory, Epigenomics Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ramón M Lago-Lestón
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Muinelo-Romay
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Ángel Vázquez-Bueno
- Department of Pathology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol (SERGAS), 15405, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Rebeca Sanz-Pamplona
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Colorectal Cancer Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Moreno
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Colorectal Cancer Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Charles A Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, USA
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Ana C Martin
- Advanced Marker Discovery (AMADIX), 47004, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rocio Arroyo
- Advanced Marker Discovery (AMADIX), 47004, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana B Crujeiras
- Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Epigenomics Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael López-López
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Angel Díaz-Lagares
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Cancer Epigenomics Laboratory, Epigenomics Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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10
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DDR1 promotes LoVo cell proliferation by regulating energy metabolism. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:615-624. [PMID: 35593476 PMCID: PMC9828011 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular energy metabolism dysregulation is associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) development and progression. Discoidin domain receptor 1a (DDR1a), one of the five DDR1 isoforms, is closely related to cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis in various tumors. Whether it participates in cellular metabolic reprogramming and regulates CRC initiation and progression remains unclear. In this study, we compared the expression of DDR1 in CRC tissues and adjacent tissues from 126 postoperative CRC samples. Moreover, lentivirus-mediated DDR1a overexpression and knockdown were performed in LoVo cells, and cell viability and proliferation were determined by CCK-8 and BrdU assays, respectively. Oxygen consumption rate, extracellular acidification rate, and lactate production were used to determine the effect of DDR1a on metabolic reprogramming. Clinically, CRC patients with high DDR1 expression had poor differentiation and were at an advanced TNM stage. DDR1a promoted LoVo cell proliferation, mitochondrial function, and extracellular acidification. Moreover, DDR1a knockdown inhibited intracellular lactic acid production in LoVo cells, while a pyruvate kinase inhibitor (diamide, 200 μM) significantly reversed this progression. Taken together, our results reveal that DDR1 plays a crucial role in maintaining intracellular environment homeostasis through metabolic reprogramming.
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11
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Huang L, Hu Z, Luo R, Li H, Yang Z, Qin X, Mo Z. Predictive Values of the Selected Inflammatory Indexes in Colon Cancer. Cancer Control 2022; 29:10732748221091333. [PMID: 35403443 PMCID: PMC9006378 DOI: 10.1177/10732748221091333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ample evidence has revealed that the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR), and mean platelet volume (MPV) are cancer-related inflammatory markers. The present study aimed to combine these indicators to better assess the progression of colon cancer. Methods This retrospective study enrolled 251 patients with colon cancer, 171 patients with benign colon diseases, and 187 healthy control subjects. The receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to determine the diagnostic values of the selected inflammatory index. Results The levels of LMR, AGR, and MPV were decreased in the colon cancer group compared with the healthy control and benign colon disease groups. The LMR, AGR, and MPV were all correlated with tumor size. Moreover, LMR and AGR was associated with lymph node metastasis and clinical stage, AGR was related to distant metastasis. Both the LMR (P = .030) and AGR (P = .005) were negatively correlated with the concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The AUC value of MPV combined with CEA had a good diagnostic ability for distinguishing colon cancer cases (AUC = .950) and patients with benign colon diseases (AUC = .886) from controls. Meanwhile, the combination of LMR or AGR with CEA could enhance larger AUC (.746 for LMR + CEA, .737 for AGR + CEA) than CEA, LMR, or AGR alone in detecting colon cancer from benign colon diseases. Conclusions CEA combined with the LMR, AGR, or MPV may be used as better blood-based biomarkers in the progression of colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zuojian Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ruixian Luo
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Hailan Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Ziji Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhuning Mo
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
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12
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Yang Y, Huang J, Wu W, Luu HN, Moy FM, Tan S, Fu J, Ying T, Withers M, Hung DT, Mao D, Chen S, Wong MCS, Xu W. A global view of adherence to colonoscopy follow-up in cascade screening of colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2022; 31:e13577. [PMID: 35315165 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To overview the colonoscopy adherence in cascade screening of colorectal cancer (CRC) and evaluate potential influence of the initial tests based on an ecological evaluation. METHODS The performance of the initial screening tests and adherence to subsequent colonoscopy were extracted from relevant studies published up to 16 October 2020. The age-standardised incidence (ASRi) of CRC in populations in the year of screening was derived from the Cancer Statistics. RESULTS One hundred sixty-six observational studies and 60 experimental studies were identified. Most studies applied cascade screening with faecal occult blood tests (FOBTs) as an initial test. The adherence to colonoscopy varied greatly across populations by continents, gross national income and type of initial tests, with a median (interquartile range) of 79.8% (63.1%-87.8%) in observational studies and 82.1% (66.7%-90.4%) in randomised trials. The adherence was positively correlated with the ASRi of CRC (r = 0.145, p = 0.023) and positive predictive value (PPV) of the initial tests (r = 0.206, p = 0.002) in observational studies and correlated with ASRi of CRC (r = 0.309, p = 0.002) and sensitivity of the initial tests (r = -0.704, p = 0.003) in experimental studies. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to colonoscopy varies greatly across populations and is related with performance of the initial tests, indicating the importance to select appropriate initial tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Yang
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Huang
- J.C. School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weimiao Wu
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hung N Luu
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Foong-Ming Moy
- Julius Centre, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Songsong Tan
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiongxing Fu
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Ying
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mellissa Withers
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dang The Hung
- Laboratory Center, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dandan Mao
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sikun Chen
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Martin C S Wong
- J.C. School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wanghong Xu
- Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Wang Q, Wang J, Xiao Z, Shen Z, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Pan T, Xiao J, Sun X. A fluorescent microsphere-based immunochromatographic strip is effective for quantitative fecal blood testing in colorectal cancer screening. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:2123-2132. [PMID: 35422926 PMCID: PMC8991121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a major health concern that can be screened for by the fecal immunochemical test (FIT), which detects blood in the stool. CRC detection sensitivity for hemoglobin (Hb) combined with transferrin (Tf) is higher than for hemoglobin alone. Methods: We developed a europium fluorescent microsphere-based quantitative lateral flow immunochromatography strip to detect fecal Hb and Tf. Performance was tested using fecal samples from 51 patients with CRC and 122 normal subjects. Test strips were generated using paired mouse anti-human Hb and mouse anti-human Tf monoclonal antibodies and tested using standard Hb and Tf samples. Fluorescence was observed at 365 nm and quantitatively measured using a portable fluorescent strip reader. Results: At cutoff values of 100 ng/mL (10 µg/g feces) and 25 ng/mL (2.5 µg/g feces) for Hb and Tf, respectively, the positive rates for Hb, Tf, and Hb+Tf in normal subjects were 6.56%, 5.74%, and 10.66%, respectively, compared to 88.24%, 64.71%, and 94.12% in patients with CRC. The sensitivity and specificity of the FIT combined detection technique were 87.5% and 89.2%, respectively, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.92. The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC for the Tf assay were 63.8%, 68.4%, and 0.759, respectively, and those for Hb testing were 69.7%, 70.2%, and 0.774, respectively. The AUC for Hb+Tf was significantly higher than those for Tf or Hb alone (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Fluorescent microsphere-based immunochromatographic strips sensitively detect fecal Hb and Tf, and sensitivity and specificity are improved for Hb+Tf. This system represents a rapid and portable alternative for on-site early CRC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiwu Wang
- Jiangsu Yuancheng Biotechnology Inc.Taizhou 225312, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zeru Xiao
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100020, China
| | - Zhiling Shen
- Anyang Tumor HospitalAnyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Anyang Tumor HospitalAnyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Anyang Tumor HospitalAnyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Tianyuan Pan
- Department of Family Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianan Xiao
- Anyang Tumor HospitalAnyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiyuan Sun
- Jiangsu Yuancheng Biotechnology Inc.Taizhou 225312, Jiangsu, China
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14
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Kaufmann Y, Byrum SD, Acott AA, Siegel ER, Washam CL, Mancino AT. Proteomic profiling of tear fluid as a promising non-invasive screening test for colon cancer. Am J Surg 2022; 224:19-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2022.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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15
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Ranasinghe R, Mathai M, Zulli A. A synopsis of modern - day colorectal cancer: Where we stand. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Ibrahim J, Op de Beeck K, Fransen E, Peeters M, Van Camp G. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling and identification of potential pan-cancer and tumor-specific biomarkers. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:2432-2447. [PMID: 34978357 PMCID: PMC9208075 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation alterations have already been linked to cancer, and their usefulness for therapy and diagnosis has encouraged research into the human epigenome. Several biomarker studies have focused on identifying cancer types individually, yet common cancer and multi-cancer markers are still underexplored. We used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to investigate genome-wide methylation profiles of 14 different cancer types and developed a three-step computational approach to select candidate biomarker CpG sites. In total, 1,991 pan-cancer and between 75 and 1,803 cancer-specific differentially methylated CpG sites were discovered. Differentially methylated blocks and regions were also discovered for the first time on such a large-scale. Through a three-step computational approach, a combination of four pan-cancer CpG markers was identified from these sites and externally validated (AUC = 0.90), maintaining comparable performance across tumor stages. Additionally, 20 tumor-specific CpG markers were identified and made up the final type-specific prediction model, which could accurately differentiate tumor types (AUC = 0.87-0.99). Our study highlights the power of the methylome as a rich source of cancer biomarkers, and the signatures we identified provide a new resource for understanding cancer mechanisms on the wider genomic scale with strong applicability in the context of new minimally invasive cancer detection assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Ibrahim
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ken Op de Beeck
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Erik Fransen
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.,StatUa Center for Statistics, University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.,Department of Medical Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Guy Van Camp
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
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17
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Wang G, Yang Y, Yi D, Yuan L, Yin PH, Ke X, Jun-Jie W, Tao MF. Eudragit S100 prepared pH-responsive liposomes-loaded betulinic acid against colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. J Liposome Res 2021; 32:250-264. [PMID: 34895013 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2021.1999974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop polymer Eudragit S100 for preparing pH-responsive liposomes-loaded betulinic acid (pH-BA-LP) to improve the therapeutic index of chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. BA-loaded liposomes were coated with Eudragit S100 by a thin film dispersion and easily scalable pH-driven method. The prepared liposomes were evaluated for size, surface morphology, entrapment efficiency, stability, in vitro drug release, and antitumor activity. In particular, pH-BA-LP showed advantages such as lower size (<100 nm), encapsulation efficiency of 90%, high stability, and stably cumulative release. By detecting the antitumor effects of pH-BA-LP in vivo, it showed that the tumor proliferation and cell migration were significantly inhibited in colorectal cancer. The pH-BA-LP also inhibited tumor growth via the regulation of Akt/TLR-mediated signalling and significantly down-regulated the expression of NFAT1 and NFAT4 proteins. It was found that pH-BA-LP can increase NK cells and CD3+ cells in tumor tissues, and the proportion of CD8+ cells in CD3+ cells was also increased, which proved that pH-BA-LP can play an antitumor effect by enhancing the autoimmunity level in tumor-bearing mice. The positive infiltration rates of CD8 and CD68 were increased and CD163 was relatively decreased by using pH-BA-LP, which proved that pH-BA-LP can regulate the immune infiltration levels in tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, the present work provides an effective method to prepare pH-responsive polymer-coated liposomes for colonic delivery with biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Jiangsu University School of Pharmacy, Zhenjiang City, China
| | - Du Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Hao Yin
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Ke
- Interventional Cancer Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Jun-Jie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Fang Tao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Wang G, Yu Y, Wang YZ, Yin PH, Xu K, Zhang H. The effects and mechanisms of isoliquiritigenin loaded nanoliposomes regulated AMPK/mTOR mediated glycolysis in colorectal cancer. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 48:1231-1249. [PMID: 32985258 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2020.1825092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, isoliquiritigenin (ISL) incorporated nanoliposomes were prepared and their effects on colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines were investigated. Herein, we sought to explore the anti-cancer mechanisms of ISL loaded nanoliposomes (ISL-NLs) on AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK/mTOR) pathways mediated glycolysis. Also, the key targets such as caveolin 1 (CAV1), glucose transporters and Akt/mTOR that promote glycolysis, and are activated via the induction of α-enolase (ENO1), fructose bisphosphate aldolase A (ALDOA) and monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) expressions were also investigated. It was shown that ISL-NLs significantly suppressed the proliferation and glucose uptake of CRC cell by potentially regulating the glycolysis and lactate targets as well as pathways that formed the basis of the anti-CRC effects of ISL-NLs. The mechanism underlying this effect was further validated via the regulation of some key targets such as ENO1, ALDOA, lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and MCT4 in glycolysis coupled with cellular myelocytomatosis oncogene (c-myc), hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) in protein kinase B/mTOR (Akt/mTOR) pathways. Moreover, the AMPK proteins were identified to be up-regulated while the lactic acid production was suppressed by ISL-NLs in the CRC cells, indicating that ISL-NLs had an inhibitory effect on AMPK mediated glycolysis and lactate production. Altogether, these results have provided insights into the mechanism underlying the key role that liposomal ISL played in the multiple inhibition of AMPK and Akt/mTOR mediated glycolysis and lactate generation, which may be regulated as the alternative metabolic pathways of CRC as well as serve as adjuvant therapy for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang City, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang City, China
| | - Pei-Hao Yin
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Lishui District People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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19
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Wu Y, Zhang J, Yang X, Yin Z, Yang H, Tang T, Chen Z, Tian D, Yang Y, Zhou Z, Lu F. Early Diagnosis of Occult Blood of Colorectal Cancer Based on Nano-Colloidal Gold Sandwich Immunochromatography. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:1525-1534. [PMID: 34544530 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of science and technology has deepened people's understanding of cancer, changing the management of malignant tumors in the medical field. Given the common precancerous characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC), researchers studied early CRC screening. The complexity of traditional diagnostics forced medical staff to speed up CRC innovation early screening methods. Here, we prepared nano-colloidal gold raw materials with different particle sizes (15 and 30 nm) and observed the morphological characteristics and properties of the materials. Simultaneously, the nanocolloidal gold double antibody sandwich kit was designed through the optimum pH value and protein content screening experiment. The results of clinical enteroscopy confirmed the important guiding significance of the equipment in early CRC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongying Wu
- Laboratory Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili 556000, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Jiaoyan Zhang
- Early Screening of Digestive Tract Tumors in the Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili 556000, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- Hunan Tumor Hospital Department of Digestive Urology, Changsha 410006, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zou Yin
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili 556000, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili 556000, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Science and Education and Department of Infection, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili 556000, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Zhitao Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili 556000, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Dayong Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili 556000, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Yixia Yang
- Laboratory Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili 556000, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Zhihua Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili 556000, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Fangyang Lu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili 556000, Guizhou, PR China
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20
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Palanca-Ballester C, Rodriguez-Casanova A, Torres S, Calabuig-Fariñas S, Exposito F, Serrano D, Redin E, Valencia K, Jantus-Lewintre E, Diaz-Lagares A, Montuenga L, Sandoval J, Calvo A. Cancer Epigenetic Biomarkers in Liquid Biopsy for High Incidence Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123016. [PMID: 34208598 PMCID: PMC8233712 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Early alterations in cancer include the deregulation of epigenetic events such as changes in DNA methylation and abnormal levels of non-coding (nc)RNAs. Although these changes can be identified in tumors, alternative sources of samples may offer advantages over tissue biopsies. Because tumors shed DNA, RNA, and proteins, biological fluids containing these molecules can accurately reflect alterations found in cancer cells, not only coming from the primary tumor, but also from metastasis and from the tumor microenvironment (TME). Depending on the type of cancer, biological fluids encompass blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and saliva, among others. Such samples are named with the general term "liquid biopsy" (LB). With the advent of ultrasensitive technologies during the last decade, the identification of actionable genetic alterations (i.e., mutations) in LB is a common practice to decide whether or not targeted therapy should be applied. Likewise, the analysis of global or specific epigenetic alterations may also be important as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and even for cancer drug response. Several commercial kits that assess the DNA promoter methylation of single genes or gene sets are available, with some of them being tested as biomarkers for diagnosis in clinical trials. From the tumors with highest incidence, we can stress the relevance of DNA methylation changes in the following genes found in LB: SHOX2 (for lung cancer); RASSF1A, RARB2, and GSTP1 (for lung, breast, genitourinary and colon cancers); and SEPT9 (for colon cancer). Moreover, multi-cancer high-throughput methylation-based tests are now commercially available. Increased levels of the microRNA miR21 and several miRNA- and long ncRNA-signatures can also be indicative biomarkers in LB. Therefore, epigenetic biomarkers are attractive and may have a clinical value in cancer. Nonetheless, validation, standardization, and demonstration of an added value over the common clinical practice are issues needed to be addressed in the transfer of this knowledge from "bench to bedside".
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora Palanca-Ballester
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine (UBMP) and Epigenomics Unit, IIS, La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Aitor Rodriguez-Casanova
- Cancer Epigenomics, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.R.-C.); (A.D.-L.)
- Roche-CHUS Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Susana Torres
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.T.); (S.C.-F.); (F.E.); (E.R.); (K.V.); (E.J.-L.); (L.M.)
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe-Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Calabuig-Fariñas
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.T.); (S.C.-F.); (F.E.); (E.R.); (K.V.); (E.J.-L.); (L.M.)
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe-Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Exposito
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.T.); (S.C.-F.); (F.E.); (E.R.); (K.V.); (E.J.-L.); (L.M.)
- DISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Diego Serrano
- DISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Esther Redin
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.T.); (S.C.-F.); (F.E.); (E.R.); (K.V.); (E.J.-L.); (L.M.)
- DISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Karmele Valencia
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.T.); (S.C.-F.); (F.E.); (E.R.); (K.V.); (E.J.-L.); (L.M.)
- DISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eloisa Jantus-Lewintre
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.T.); (S.C.-F.); (F.E.); (E.R.); (K.V.); (E.J.-L.); (L.M.)
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe-Fundación para la Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Angel Diaz-Lagares
- Cancer Epigenomics, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.R.-C.); (A.D.-L.)
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.T.); (S.C.-F.); (F.E.); (E.R.); (K.V.); (E.J.-L.); (L.M.)
| | - Luis Montuenga
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.T.); (S.C.-F.); (F.E.); (E.R.); (K.V.); (E.J.-L.); (L.M.)
- DISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Sandoval
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine (UBMP) and Epigenomics Unit, IIS, La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Alfonso Calvo
- CIBERONC, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.T.); (S.C.-F.); (F.E.); (E.R.); (K.V.); (E.J.-L.); (L.M.)
- DISNA and Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (A.C.)
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21
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Tracking the Antibody Immunome in Sporadic Colorectal Cancer by Using Antigen Self-Assembled Protein Arrays. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112718. [PMID: 34072782 PMCID: PMC8198956 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunome in Sporadic Colorectal Cancer as source for biomarkers. Hence, a self-assembled protein array has been designed and developed to perform a serum screening to determined specific immune response against tumor antigens proteins as potential diagnostics biomarker panel. Abstract Sporadic Colorectal Cancer (sCRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in the Western world, and the sCRC patients presenting with synchronic metastasis have the poorest prognosis. Genetic alterations accumulated in sCRC tumor cells translate into mutated proteins and/or abnormal protein expression levels, which contribute to the development of sCRC. Then, the tumor-associated proteins (TAAs) might induce the production of auto-antibodies (aAb) via humoral immune response. Here, Nucleic Acid Programmable Protein Arrays (NAPPArray) are employed to identify aAb in plasma samples from a set of 50 sCRC patients compared to seven healthy donors. Our goal was to establish a systematic workflow based on NAPPArray to define differential aAb profiles between healthy individuals and sCRC patients as well as between non-metastatic (n = 38) and metastatic (n = 12) sCRC, in order to gain insight into the role of the humoral immune system in controlling the development and progression of sCRC. Our results showed aAb profile based on 141 TAA including TAAs associated with biological cellular processes altered in genesis and progress of sCRC (e.g., FSCN1, VTI2 and RPS28) that discriminated healthy donors vs. sCRC patients. In addition, the potential capacity of discrimination (between non-metastatic vs. metastatic sCRC) of 7 TAAs (USP5, ML4, MARCKSL1, CKMT1B, HMOX2, VTI2, TP53) have been analyzed individually in an independent cohort of sCRC patients, where two of them (VTI2 and TP53) were validated (AUC ~75%). In turn, these findings provided novel insights into the immunome of sCRC, in combination with transcriptomics profiles and protein antigenicity characterizations, wich might lead to the identification of novel sCRC biomarkers that might be of clinical utility for early diagnosis of the tumor. These results explore the immunomic analysis as potent source for biomarkers with diagnostic and prognostic value in CRC. Additional prospective studies in larger series of patients are required to confirm the clinical utility of these novel sCRC immunomic biomarkers.
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22
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Roy JW, Taylor CA, Beauregard AP, Dhadi SR, Ayre DC, Fry S, Chacko S, Wajnberg G, Joy AP, Mai-Thi NN, Crapoulet N, Barnett DA, Ghosh A, Lewis SM, Ouellette RJ. A multiparametric extraction method for Vn96-isolated plasma extracellular vesicles and cell-free DNA that enables multi-omic profiling. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8085. [PMID: 33850235 PMCID: PMC8044196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as a rich material for the analysis of DNA, RNA, and protein biomarkers. A remaining challenge for the deployment of EV-based diagnostic and prognostic assays in liquid biopsy testing is the development of an EV isolation method that is amenable to a clinical diagnostic lab setting and is compatible with multiple types of biomarker analyses. We have previously designed a synthetic peptide, known as Vn96 (ME kit), which efficiently isolates EVs from multiple biofluids in a short timeframe without the use of specialized lab equipment. Moreover, it has recently been shown that Vn96 also facilitates the co-isolation of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) along with EVs. Herein we describe an optimized method for Vn96 affinity-based EV and cfDNA isolation from plasma samples and have developed a multiparametric extraction protocol for the sequential isolation of DNA, RNA, and protein from the same plasma EV and cfDNA sample. We are able to isolate sufficient material by the multiparametric extraction protocol for use in downstream analyses, including ddPCR (DNA) and ‘omic profiling by both small RNA sequencing (RNA) and mass spectrometry (protein), from a minimum volume (4 mL) of plasma. This multiparametric extraction protocol should improve the ability to analyse multiple biomarker materials (DNA, RNA and protein) from the same limited starting material, which may improve the sensitivity and specificity of liquid biopsy tests that exploit EV-based and cfDNA biomarkers for disease detection and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Roy
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, 35 Providence St., Moncton, NB, E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Catherine A Taylor
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, 35 Providence St., Moncton, NB, E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Annie P Beauregard
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, 35 Providence St., Moncton, NB, E1C 8X3, Canada.,Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Aquatic Animal Health, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Surendar R Dhadi
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, 35 Providence St., Moncton, NB, E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - D Craig Ayre
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, 35 Providence St., Moncton, NB, E1C 8X3, Canada.,Immunology, Genetics and Molecular Sciences, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Basseterre, St. Kitts and Nevis
| | - Sheena Fry
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, 35 Providence St., Moncton, NB, E1C 8X3, Canada.,Specialized Health Services Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Simi Chacko
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, 35 Providence St., Moncton, NB, E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Gabriel Wajnberg
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, 35 Providence St., Moncton, NB, E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Andrew P Joy
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, 35 Providence St., Moncton, NB, E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Ngoc-Nu Mai-Thi
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, 35 Providence St., Moncton, NB, E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Nicolas Crapoulet
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, 35 Providence St., Moncton, NB, E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - David A Barnett
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, 35 Providence St., Moncton, NB, E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Anirban Ghosh
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, 35 Providence St., Moncton, NB, E1C 8X3, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Stephen M Lewis
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, 35 Providence St., Moncton, NB, E1C 8X3, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada.,Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Rodney J Ouellette
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, 35 Providence St., Moncton, NB, E1C 8X3, Canada. .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada.
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23
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Ballard DH, Burton KR, Lakomkin N, Kim S, Rajiah P, Patel MJ, Mazaheri P, Whitman GJ. The Role of Imaging in Health Screening: Screening for Specific Conditions. Acad Radiol 2021; 28:548-563. [PMID: 32404272 PMCID: PMC7655640 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There are well-established and emerging screening examinations aimed at identifying malignant and nonmalignant conditions at early, treatable stages. The Radiology Research Alliance's "Role of Imaging in Health Screening" Task Force provides a comprehensive review of specific imaging-based screening examinations. This work reviews and serves as a reference for screening examinations for breast and colon cancer in a healthy population along with screening for lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and the use of whole body magnetic resonance imaging in at-risk individuals. American College of Radiology scoring systems, along with case-based examples, are included to illustrate the different disease entities. The future of screening is discussed, particularly in the context of artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Ballard
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd; Campus Box 8131, St. Louis, MO 63110.
| | - Kirsteen R Burton
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | | | - Shannon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk, Virginia
| | | | | | - Parisa Mazaheri
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd; Campus Box 8131, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Gary J Whitman
- Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, Texas
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24
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Rodriguez-Casanova A, Costa-Fraga N, Bao-Caamano A, López-López R, Muinelo-Romay L, Diaz-Lagares A. Epigenetic Landscape of Liquid Biopsy in Colorectal Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:622459. [PMID: 33614651 PMCID: PMC7892964 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.622459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies and is a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Thus, there is a clinical need to improve early detection of CRC and personalize therapy for patients with this disease. In the era of precision oncology, liquid biopsy has emerged as a major approach to characterize the circulating tumor elements present in body fluids, including cell-free DNA and RNA, circulating tumor cells, and extracellular vesicles. This non-invasive tool has allowed the identification of relevant molecular alterations in CRC patients, including some indicating the disruption of epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic alterations found in solid and liquid biopsies have shown great utility as biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, monitoring, and evaluation of therapeutic response in CRC patients. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the most relevant epigenetic mechanisms associated with cancer development and progression, and the implications of their deregulation in cancer cells and liquid biopsy of CRC patients. In particular, we describe the methodologies used to analyze these epigenetic alterations in circulating tumor material, and we focus on the clinical utility of epigenetic marks in liquid biopsy as tumor biomarkers for CRC patients. We also discuss the great challenges and emerging opportunities of this field for the diagnosis and personalized management of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Rodriguez-Casanova
- Cancer Epigenomics Laboratory, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nicolás Costa-Fraga
- Cancer Epigenomics Laboratory, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Aida Bao-Caamano
- Cancer Epigenomics Laboratory, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rafael López-López
- Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Muinelo-Romay
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Diaz-Lagares
- Cancer Epigenomics Laboratory, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
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25
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Liu Z, Sun T, Zhang Z, Bi J, Kong C. An 18-gene signature based on glucose metabolism and DNA methylation improves prognostic prediction for urinary bladder cancer. Genomics 2021; 113:896-907. [PMID: 33096258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose metabolism and DNA methylation play important roles in cancers. We aimed to identify glucose metabolism-related genes that were DNA methylation associated to establish a prognostic signature of bladder cancer (BLCA). METHODS With BLCA sample transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and methylation data from TCGA 450 K microarray, glucose metabolism-related genes associated to prognosis and DNA methylation were identified and a prognostic signature was established. GSEA and WGCNA analysis were performed and two genes, UCHL1 and PYCR1, were selected for functional validations. RESULTS 18 target genes were identified and the signature based on them was considered an effective and independent prognostic factor. Several pathways were enriched in the high-risk group by GSEA and three modules of genes were identified by WGCNA. UCHL1 and PYCR1 proliferated proliferation, migration and invasion ability of bladder cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS The 18-gene signature is an independent prognostic factor for bladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuonan Liu
- Department of Urology, Fist Hospital of China Medical University, School of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110004, PR China
| | - Tianshui Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fist Hospital of China Medical University, School of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110004, PR China
| | - Jianbin Bi
- Department of Urology, Fist Hospital of China Medical University, School of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110004, PR China.
| | - Chuize Kong
- Department of Urology, Fist Hospital of China Medical University, School of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province 110004, PR China.
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26
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Malagón M, Ramió-Pujol S, Serrano M, Amoedo J, Oliver L, Bahí A, Miquel-Cusachs JO, Ramirez M, Queralt-Moles X, Gilabert P, Saló J, Guardiola J, Piñol V, Serra-Pagès M, Castells A, Aldeguer X, Garcia-Gil LJ. New fecal bacterial signature for colorectal cancer screening reduces the fecal immunochemical test false-positive rate in a screening population. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243158. [PMID: 33259546 PMCID: PMC7707514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Guidelines recommend routine screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) in asymptomatic adults starting at age 50. The most extensively used noninvasive test for CRC screening is the fecal immunochemical test (FIT), which has an overall sensitivity for CRC of approximately 61.0%-91.0%, which drops to 27.0%-67.0% for advanced adenomas. These figures contain a high false-positive rate and a low positive predictive value. This work aimed to develop a new, noninvasive CRC screening tool based on fecal bacterial markers capable of decreasing FIT false-positive rates in a FIT-positive population. We defined a fecal bacterial signature (RAID-CRC Screen) in a proof-of-concept with 172 FIT-positive individuals and validated the obtained results on an external cohort of 327 FIT-positive subjects. All study participants had joined the national CRC screening program. In the clinical validation of RAID-CRC Screen, a sensitivity of 83.9% and a specificity of 16.3% were obtained for the detection of advanced neoplasm lesions (advanced adenomas and/or CRC). FIT 20 μg/g produced 184 false-positive results. Using RAID-CRC Screen, this value was reduced to 154, thus reducing the false-positive rate by 16.3%. The RAID-CRC Screen test could be implemented in CRC screening programs to allow a significant reduction in the number of colonoscopies performed unnecessarily for FIT-positive participants of CRC screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Malagón
- GoodGut SL, Girona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Salt, Spain.,Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | | | | | - Joan Amoedo
- GoodGut SL, Girona, Spain.,Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Anna Bahí
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Salt, Spain
| | | | - Manel Ramirez
- Laboratori Clínic Territorial de Girona (LCTG), Salt, Spain
| | | | - Pau Gilabert
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Joan Saló
- Consorci Hospitalari de Vic, Vic, Spain
| | - Jordi Guardiola
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Virginia Piñol
- Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.,Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Antoni Castells
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Aldeguer
- GoodGut SL, Girona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Salt, Spain.,Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
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27
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Wang G, Yu Y, Wang YZ, Zhu ZM, Yin PH, Xu K. Effects and mechanisms of fatty acid metabolism‑mediated glycolysis regulated by betulinic acid‑loaded nanoliposomes in colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:2595-2609. [PMID: 33125108 PMCID: PMC7640364 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although previous studies have demonstrated that triterpenoids, such as betulinic acid (BA), can inhibit tumor cell growth, their potential targets in colorectal cancer (CRC) metabolism have not been systematically investigated. In the present study, BA‑loaded nanoliposomes (BA‑NLs) were prepared, and their effects on CRC cell lines were evaluated. The aim of the present study was to determine the anticancer mechanisms of action of BA‑NLs in fatty acid metabolism‑mediated glycolysis, and investigate the role of key targets, such as acyl‑CoA synthetase (ACSL), carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) and acetyl CoA, in promoting glycolysis, which is activated by inducing hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase‑1 (PFK‑1), phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and pyruvate kinase (PK) expression. The results demonstrated that BA‑NLs significantly suppressed the proliferation and glucose uptake of CRC cells by regulating potential glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism targets and pathways, which forms the basis of the anti‑CRC function of BA‑NLs. Moreover, the effects of BA‑NLs were further validated by demonstrating that the key targets of HK2, PFK‑1, PEP and PK isoenzyme M2 (PKM2) in glycolysis, and of ACSL1, CPT1a and PEP in fatty acid metabolism, were blocked by BA‑NLs, which play key roles in the inhibition of glycolysis and fatty acid‑mediated production of pyruvate and lactate. The results of the present study may provide a deeper understanding supporting the hypothesis that liposomal BA may regulate alternative metabolic pathways implicated in CRC adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai 200235, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Jiangsu University School of Pharmacy, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Zhu Wang
- Jiangsu University School of Pharmacy, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Min Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai 200235, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Hao Yin
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Ke Xu
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
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Tohidinezhad F, Khorsand A, Zakavi SR, Rezvani R, Zarei-Ghanavati S, Abrishami M, Moradi A, Tavakoli M, Farrokh D, Rad MP, Abbasi B, Ahadi M, Saleh LA, Tayebi M, Amini M, Poustchi H, Abu-Hanna A, Eslami S. The burden and predisposing factors of non-communicable diseases in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences personnel: a prospective 15-year organizational cohort study protocol and baseline assessment. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1637. [PMID: 33138802 PMCID: PMC7607841 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09704-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The rising burden of premature mortality for Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in developing countries necessitates the institutionalization of a comprehensive surveillance framework to track trends and provide evidence to design, implement, and evaluate preventive strategies. This study aims to conduct an organization-based prospective cohort study on the NCDs and NCD-related secondary outcomes in adult personnel of the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS) as main target population. Methods This study was designed to recruit 12,000 adults aged between 30 and 70 years for 15 years. Baseline assessment includes a wide range of established NCD risk factors obtaining by face-to-face interview or examination. The questionnaires consist of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle pattern, fuel consumption and pesticide exposures, occupational history and hazards, personal and familial medical history, medication profile, oral hygiene, reproduction history, dietary intake, and psychological conditions. Examinations include body size and composition test, abdominopelvic and thyroid ultrasonography, orthopedic evaluation, pulse wave velocity test, electrocardiography, blood pressure measurement, smell-taste evaluation, spirometry, mammography, and preferred tea temperature assessment. Routine biochemical, cell count, and fecal occult blood tests are also performed, and the biological samples (i.e., blood, urine, hair, and nail) are stored in preserving temperature. Annual telephone interviews and repeated examinations at 5-year intervals are planned to update information on health status and its determinants. Results A total of 5287 individuals (mean age of 43.9 ± 7.6 and 45.9% male) were included in the study thus far. About 18.5% were nurses and midwives and 44.2% had at least bachelor’s degree. Fatty liver (15.4%), thyroid disorders (11.2%), hypertension (8.8%), and diabetes (4.9%) were the most prevalent NCDs. A large proportion of the population had some degree of anxiety (64.2%). Low physical activity (13 ± 22.4 min per day), high calorie intake (3079 ± 1252), and poor pulse-wave velocity (7.2 ± 1.6 m/s) highlight the need for strategies to improve lifestyle behaviors. Conclusion The PERSIAN Organizational Cohort study in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences is the first organizational cohort study in a metropolitan city of Iran aiming to provide a large data repository on the prevalence and risk factors of the NCDs in a developing country for future national and international research cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Tohidinezhad
- Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Khorsand
- Department of Complementary and Chinese Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Rasoul Zakavi
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Rezvani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Majid Abrishami
- Eye Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Moradi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Tavakoli
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Donya Farrokh
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoud Pezeshki Rad
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bita Abbasi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mitra Ahadi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Lahya Afshari Saleh
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Tayebi
- Atherosclerosis Prevention Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Amini
- Lung and Tuberculosis Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameen Abu-Hanna
- Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam UMC-Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saeid Eslami
- Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam UMC-Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer screening is essential to detect and remove premalignant lesions to prevent the development of colorectal cancer. Multiple screening modalities are available, including colonoscopy and stool-based testing. Colonoscopy remains the gold standard for detection and removal of premalignant colorectal lesions. Screening guidelines by the American Cancer Society now recommend initiating screening for all average-risk adults at 45 years old. Family history of colorectal cancer, other cancers, and advanced colon polyps are strong risk factors that must be considered in order to implement earlier testing. Epidemiologic studies continue to show disparities in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality and wide variability in screening rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Montminy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Albert Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Michael Conner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jordan J Karlitz
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, Gastroenterology Section, 2400 Canal St, Medicine Service, Ste 3H, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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30
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Gharib E, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E, Baghdar K, Nayeri Z, Sadeghi H, Rezasoltani S, Jamshidi-Fard A, Larki P, Sadeghi A, Hashemi M, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H. Identification of a stool long non-coding RNAs panel as a potential biomarker for early detection of colorectal cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 35:e23601. [PMID: 33094859 PMCID: PMC7891513 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The feces of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients contain tumor colonocytes, which constantly shed into the lumen area. Therefore, stool evaluation can be considered as a rapid and low‐risk way to directly determine the colon and rectum status. As long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) alterations are important in cancer cells fate regulation, we aimed to assess the level of a panel of cancer‐related lncRNAs in fecal colonocytes. Methods The population study consisted of 150 subjects, including a training set, a validation set, and a group of 30 colon polyps. The expression levels of lncRNAs were evaluated by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). The NPInetr and EnrichR tools were used to identify the interactions and functions of lncRNAs. Results A total of 10 significantly dysregulated lncRNAs, including CCAT1, CCAT2, H19, HOTAIR, HULC, MALAT1, PCAT1, MEG3, PTENP1, and TUSC7, were chosen for designing a predictive panel. The diagnostic performance of the panel in distinguishing CRCs from the healthy group was AUC: 0.8554 in the training set and 0.8465 in the validation set. The AUC for early CRCs (I‐II TNM stages) was 0.8554 in the training set and 0.8465 in the validation set, and for advanced CRCs (III‐IV TNM stages) were 0.9281 in the training set and 0.9236 in the validation set. The corresponding AUC for CRCs vs polyps were 0.9228 (I‐IV TNM stages), 0.9042 (I‐II TNM stages), and 0.9362 (III‐IV TNM stages). Conclusions These data represented the application of analysis of fecal colonocytes lncRNAs in early detection of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Gharib
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Baghdar
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Nayeri
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Molecular Genetics Department, Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sama Rezasoltani
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezo Jamshidi-Fard
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Larki
- Molecular Genetics Department, Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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31
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A Review of GC-Based Analysis of Non-Invasive Biomarkers of Colorectal Cancer and Related Pathways. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103191. [PMID: 33019642 PMCID: PMC7601558 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world. In Europe, it is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. With the advent of metabolomics approaches, studies regarding the investigation of metabolite profiles related to CRC have been conducted, aiming to serve as a tool for early diagnosis. In order to provide further information about the current status of this field of research, 21 studies were systematically reviewed, regarding their main findings and analytical aspects. A special focus was given to the employment of matrices obtained non-invasively and the use of gas chromatography as the analytical platform. The relationship between the reported volatile and non-volatile biomarkers and CRC-related metabolic alterations was also explored, demonstrating that many of these metabolites are connected with biochemical pathways proven to be involved in carcinogenesis. The most commonly reported CRC indicators were hydrocarbons, aldehydes, amino acids and short-chain fatty acids. These potential biomarkers can be associated with both human and bacterial pathways and the analysis based on such species has the potential to be applied in the clinical practice as a low-cost screening method.
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32
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Coll PP, Korc-Grodzicki B, Ristau BT, Shahrokni A, Koshy A, Filippova OT, Ali I. Cancer Prevention and Screening for Older Adults: Part 1. Lung, Colorectal, Bladder, and Kidney Cancer. J Am Geriatr Soc 2020; 68:2399-2406. [PMID: 32880888 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of most cancers increases with age. Cancer is the second most common cause of death in older adults after cardiovascular disease. Many common cancers in older adults can be prevented from occurring or can be identified at an early stage and treated effectively. The prevention and identification of cancer in its early stages, in an attempt to reduce discomfort and disability associated with advanced cancer and cancer treatment, is also a priority. Overscreening for cancer in older adults can lead to unnecessary diagnostic testing and unnecessary treatment. Both older adults and their healthcare providers need guidance on the appropriate use of cancer prevention and screening interventions. This first of a two-part review addresses special considerations regarding cancer prevention for adults aged 65 and older. Screening decisions and the impact of limited life expectancy and an older adult's ability to tolerate cancer treatment are also addressed. Guidance is provided regarding the prevention and early identification of lung, colorectal, bladder, and kidney cancer in older adults. The prevention of breast, prostate, and female urogenital cancers are addressed in Part 2. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:2399-2406, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick P Coll
- Department of Family Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.,Center on Aging, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Beatriz Korc-Grodzicki
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin T Ristau
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Armin Shahrokni
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander Koshy
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Olga T Filippova
- Department of Surgery, Gynecology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Imran Ali
- Center on Aging, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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33
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Yang C, Wu W, Yang Y, Yang X, Sun J, Zhang W, Liu K, Ying H, Jiang S, Yu X, Shi Y, Zhou Y, Zhu S, Xu Y, Ding Y, Xie L, Cai B, Xin X, Chen P, Zhao R, Wu Y. Multitarget stool DNA test compared with fecal occult blood test for colorectal cancer screening. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1193-1200. [PMID: 32724359 PMCID: PMC7377198 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient screening is important for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The present study aimed to compare the multitarget stool DNA (mt-sDNA) test with the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) for CRC screening. A total of 151 individuals were screened using colonoscopy, mt-sDNA and FOBT for the detection of CRC and adenoma. The results of the mt-sDNA test and FOBT were compared with colonoscopy to examine their sensitivity and specificity. Subsequently, the sensitivity and specificity of the mt-sDNA test were compared with those of FOBT in CRC and large adenoma. Stool samples were collected from patients with CRC (n=50) or large adenoma (n=51), as well as from normal controls (n=50). The mt-sDNA test outperformed FOBT in detecting CRC with a sensitivity of 90.0% (45/50) vs. 42.0% (21/50), advanced adenoma with a sensitivity of 70.6% (36/51) vs. 19.6% (10/51), stage I–III CRC with a sensitivity of 91.9% (34/37) vs. 29.7% (11/37), and stage IV CRC with a sensitivity of 84.6% (11/13) vs. 76.9% (10/13). In addition, the mt-sDNA test exhibited a specificity of 94.0% (47/50) in detecting CRC, which was superior to FOBT with a specificity of 90.0% (45/50). Therefore, the mt-sDNA test may have higher sensitivity and specificity compared with FOBT in diagnosing both CRC and advanced adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Yang
- Department of Laboratory, Jiujiang Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojin Yang
- Department of Infection Control, Jiujiang No. 1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Weiyu Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Ying
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Songyao Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Yiqing Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Yufen Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Shiyan Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Yanfei Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Ling Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Boer Cai
- Department of Nursing Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Xin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Ren Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Yunlin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
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34
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Voronova V, Glybochko P, Svistunov A, Fomin V, Kopylov P, Tzarkov P, Egorov A, Gitel E, Ragimov A, Boroda A, Poddubskaya E, Sekacheva M. Diagnostic Value of Combinatorial Markers in Colorectal Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:832. [PMID: 32528895 PMCID: PMC7258084 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Blood-based tests have been shown to be an effective strategy for colorectal cancer (CRC) detection in screening programs. This study was aimed to test the performance of 20 blood markers including tumor antigens, inflammatory markers, and apolipoproteins as well as their combinations. Methods: In total 203 healthy volunteers and 102 patients with CRC were enrolled into the study. Differences between healthy and cancer subjects were evaluated using Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Several multivariate classification algorithms were employed using information about different combinations of biomarkers altered in CRC patients as well as age and gender of the subjects; random sub-sampling cross-validation was done to overcome overfitting problem. Diagnostic performance of single biomarkers and multivariate classification models was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: Of 20 biomarkers, 16 were significantly different between the groups (p-value ≤ 0.001); ApoA1, ApoA2 and ApoA4 levels were decreased, whereas levels of tumor antigens (e.g. carcinoembriogenic antigen) and inflammatory markers (e.g., C-reactive protein) were increased in CRC patients vs. healthy subjects. Combinatorial markers including information about all 16 significant analytes, age and gender of patients, demonstrated better performance over single biomarkers with average accuracy on test datasets ≥95% and area under ROC curve (AUROC) ≥98%. Conclusions: Combinatorial approach was shown to be a valid strategy to improve performance of blood-based CRC diagnostics. Further evaluation of the proposed models in screening programs will be performed to gain a better understanding of their diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Glybochko
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Svistunov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktor Fomin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Philipp Kopylov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Tzarkov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Egorov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgenij Gitel
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexander Boroda
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Marina Sekacheva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Zhang X, Wan S, Yu Y, Ruan W, Wang H, Xu L, Wang C, Chen S, Cao T, Peng Q, Li S, Hu T, Jiang Z, Chen Z, Fan JB. Identifying potential DNA methylation markers in early-stage colorectal Cancer. Genomics 2020; 112:3365-3373. [PMID: 32531444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading malignancy worldwide. Accurate screening is pivotal to early CRC detection, yet current screening modality involves invasive colonoscopy while non-invasive FIT tests have limited sensitivity. We applied a DNA methylation assay to identify biomarkers for early-stage CRC detection, risk stratification and precancerous lesion screening at tissue level. A model of biomarkers SFMBT2, ITGA4, THBD and ZNF304 showed 96.1% sensitivity and 87.0% specificity in CRC detection, with 100.0% sensitivity for advanced precancerous lesion and stage I CRC. Performances were further validated with TCGA data set, which showed a consistent AUC of 0.99 and exhibited specificity against other cancer types. KCNJ12, VAV3-AS1 and EVC were further identified for stage stratification (stage 0-I versus stage II-IV), with AUC of 0.87, 83.0% sensitivity and 71.2% specificity. Additionally, dual markers of NEUROD1 and FAM72C showed 83.2% sensitivity and 77.4% specificity in differing non-advanced precancerous lesions from inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shenmei Wan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yanqi Yu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Weimei Ruan
- AnchorDx Medical Co., Ltd, Unit 502, 3(rd) Luoxuan Road, International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Hong Wang
- AnchorDx Medical Co., Ltd, Unit 502, 3(rd) Luoxuan Road, International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Linhao Xu
- AnchorDx Medical Co., Ltd, Unit 502, 3(rd) Luoxuan Road, International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Chanjuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shang Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Tianfeng Cao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Quanzhou Peng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Sihui Li
- AnchorDx Medical Co., Ltd, Unit 502, 3(rd) Luoxuan Road, International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Tianliang Hu
- AnchorDx Medical Co., Ltd, Unit 502, 3(rd) Luoxuan Road, International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Zeyu Jiang
- AnchorDx Medical Co., Ltd, Unit 502, 3(rd) Luoxuan Road, International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AnchorDx Medical Co., Ltd, Unit 502, 3(rd) Luoxuan Road, International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, 510300, China; AnchorDx, Inc., 46305 Landing Pkwy, Fremont, CA 94538, United States.
| | - Jian-Bing Fan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; AnchorDx Medical Co., Ltd, Unit 502, 3(rd) Luoxuan Road, International Bio-Island, Guangzhou, 510300, China.
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36
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Self-reported screening practices of family physicians participating in the colorectal cancer screening program of the canton of Vaud: a cross-sectional study. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2020; 21:103. [PMID: 32522159 PMCID: PMC7285614 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-020-01176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The organized colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland offers citizens the choice of the faecal immunochemical test (FIT) or colonoscopy via a visit with a family physician (FP). Given the central role of FPs in the program, this study aimed to compare their self-reported preventive practices with the objectives of the program, namely to inform patients about CRC screening and present the choice of colonoscopy and FIT, and to identify factors associated with presenting a choice of tests. Methods Mixed-methods study using an online survey and semi-structured interviews. Participants were FPs from the canton of Vaud who had included ≥1 patient in the screening program. We used multivariate logistic regression to compare FPs offering only colonoscopy to those who offered a choice of tests or FIT. Results The participation rate was 40% (177 respondents / 443 eligible). Most FPs (68%) reported informing more than 75% of eligible patients about the program. Lack of time (n = 86, 33%) was the principal reason cited for not informing patients. Regarding the screening methods, 20% (n = 36) of FPs prescribed only colonoscopy, 13% (n = 23) only FIT and 65% (n = 115) both screening methods. Predictors of offering only colonoscopy rather than a choice of screening tests included: first, FP reporting that they chose/would choose colonoscopy for themselves (OR 8.54 [95% CI 1.83–39.79, P < 0.01]); second, being > 20 years in practice (OR 4.8 [95% CI 1.3–0.17.66, P = 0.02]); and third, seeing 300 or more patients per month (OR 3.05 [95% CI 1.23–7.57, P = 0.02]). When asked what could improve the program, 17% (n = 31) wrote that patients should be informed in advance about the program by postal mail and a large-scale communication campaign. Conclusion The majority of FPs reported CRC screening practices consistent with the objectives of the program. However, to ensure that patients are well informed and to save time, all patients need to be systematically informed about the program. Further, FPs should be encouraged to offer a choice of tests.
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Ivancic MM, Megna BW, Sverchkov Y, Craven M, Reichelderfer M, Pickhardt PJ, Sussman MR, Kennedy GD. Noninvasive Detection of Colorectal Carcinomas Using Serum Protein Biomarkers. J Surg Res 2020; 246:160-169. [PMID: 31586890 PMCID: PMC6957232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major roadblock to reducing the mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) is prompt detection and treatment, and a simple blood test is likely to have higher compliance than all of the current methods. The purpose of this report is to examine the utility of a mass spectrometry-based blood serum protein biomarker test for detection of CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood was drawn from individuals (n = 213) before colonoscopy or from patients with nonmetastatic CRC (n = 50) before surgery. Proteins were isolated from the serum of patients using targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We designed a machine-learning statistical model to assess these proteins. RESULTS When considered individually, over 70% of the selected biomarkers showed significance by Mann-Whitney testing for distinguishing cancer-bearing cases from cancer-free cases. Using machine-learning methods, peptides derived from epidermal growth factor receptor and leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 were consistently identified as highly predictive for detecting CRC from cancer-free cases. A five-marker panel consisting of leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, epidermal growth factor receptor, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy-chain family member 4, hemopexin, and superoxide dismutase 3 performed the best with 70% specificity at over 89% sensitivity (area under the curve = 0.86) in the validation set. For distinguishing regional from localized cancers, cross-validation within the training set showed that a panel of four proteins consisting of CD44 molecule, GC-vitamin D-binding protein, C-reactive protein, and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy-chain family member 3 yielded the highest performance (area under the curve = 0.75). CONCLUSIONS The minimally invasive blood biomarker panels identified here could serve as screening/detection alternatives for CRC in a human population and potentially useful for staging of existing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie M Ivancic
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Biotechnology Center, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Bryant W Megna
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Yuriy Sverchkov
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mark Craven
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mark Reichelderfer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Perry J Pickhardt
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, UW Medical Foundation Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Michael R Sussman
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Biotechnology Center, Madison, Wisconsin; Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Gregory D Kennedy
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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Komor MA, Bosch LJ, Coupé VM, Rausch C, Pham TV, Piersma SR, Mongera S, Mulder CJ, Dekker E, Kuipers EJ, van de Wiel MA, Carvalho B, Fijneman RJ, Jimenez CR, Meijer GA, de Wit M. Proteins in stool as biomarkers for non-invasive detection of colorectal adenomas with high risk of progression. J Pathol 2020; 250:288-298. [PMID: 31784980 PMCID: PMC7065084 DOI: 10.1002/path.5369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Screening to detect colorectal cancer (CRC) in an early or premalignant state is an effective method to reduce CRC mortality rates. Current stool-based screening tests, e.g. fecal immunochemical test (FIT), have a suboptimal sensitivity for colorectal adenomas and difficulty distinguishing adenomas at high risk of progressing to cancer from those at lower risk. We aimed to identify stool protein biomarker panels that can be used for the early detection of high-risk adenomas and CRC. Proteomics data (LC-MS/MS) were collected on stool samples from adenoma (n = 71) and CRC patients (n = 81) as well as controls (n = 129). Colorectal adenoma tissue samples were characterized by low-coverage whole-genome sequencing to determine their risk of progression based on specific DNA copy number changes. Proteomics data were used for logistic regression modeling to establish protein biomarker panels. In total, 15 of the adenomas (15.8%) were defined as high risk of progressing to cancer. A protein panel, consisting of haptoglobin (Hp), LAMP1, SYNE2, and ANXA6, was identified for the detection of high-risk adenomas (sensitivity of 53% at specificity of 95%). Two panels, one consisting of Hp and LRG1 and one of Hp, LRG1, RBP4, and FN1, were identified for high-risk adenomas and CRCs detection (sensitivity of 66% and 62%, respectively, at specificity of 95%). Validation of Hp as a biomarker for high-risk adenomas and CRCs was performed using an antibody-based assay in FIT samples from a subset of individuals from the discovery series (n = 158) and an independent validation series (n = 795). Hp protein was significantly more abundant in high-risk adenoma FIT samples compared to controls in the discovery (p = 0.036) and the validation series (p = 9e-5). We conclude that Hp, LAMP1, SYNE2, LRG1, RBP4, FN1, and ANXA6 may be of value as stool biomarkers for early detection of high-risk adenomas and CRCs. © 2019 Authors. Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata A Komor
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Jw Bosch
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Mh Coupé
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Rausch
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thang V Pham
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander R Piersma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Mongera
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Jj Mulder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien Dekker
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst J Kuipers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A van de Wiel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remond Ja Fijneman
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Connie R Jimenez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit A Meijer
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike de Wit
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Rasmussen L, Nielsen HJ, Christensen IJ. Early Detection and Recurrence of Colorectal Adenomas by Combination of Eight Cancer-Associated Biomarkers in Plasma. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2020; 13:273-284. [PMID: 32884322 PMCID: PMC7434628 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s251633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plasma levels of eight combined proteins have shown value as biomarkers for detection of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, their value in identifying colorectal adenoma needs further evaluation. The aim was to evaluate the eight proteins (AFP, CA19-9, CEA, CyFra21-1, Ferritin, Galectin-3, hs-CRP and TIMP-1) in detection of high-risk adenoma (HRA) and in prediction of recurrence of adenoma. Furthermore, the discrimination between HRA and low-risk adenoma (LRA) or CRC lesions was evaluated. METHODS The study included 4698 individuals undergoing diagnostic colonoscopy. Automated ELISA platforms were used in the determination of protein levels in samples collected just before colonoscopy. RESULTS Univariably, five proteins (AFP, CEA, CyFra21-1, hs-CRP and TIMP-1), respectively, significantly discriminated individuals with HRA from individuals with non-malignant findings. Multivariably, the combination of CEA and hs-CRP improved performance; AUC= 0.63 (sensitivity=0.19 at specificity=0.90). CyFra21-1, Ferritin and TIMP-1 demonstrated significant discrimination between individuals with HRA and LRA in univariable analyses, respectively. Performance was improved in multivariable analysis; AUC=0.61 (sensitivity=0.13 at specificity=0.90). Discrimination between individuals with colorectal adenomas and healthy individuals was significant for CA19-9, CEA, hs-CRP and TIMP-1, respectively, in univariable analyses. Multivariable analysis improved performance; AUC=0.63 (sensitivity=0.17 at specificity=0.90). All proteins except AFP demonstrated significant discrimination between individuals with HRA and CRC. Combination of CEA, CyFra21-1, Ferritin, hs-CRP and TIMP-1 in multivariable analysis improved discrimination; AUC=0.78 (sensitivity=0.34 at specificity=0.90). Association between plasma levels of any of the eight proteins and recurrence of colorectal adenomas after endoscopic removal could not be demonstrated. DISCUSSION The protein panel shows a promising potential in detection of colorectal adenomas in general, but specifically of HRA. However, improvements are needed for the panel to be valuable as a screening test. Finally, plasma levels of the eight proteins were not predictive of recurrence of colorectal adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Rasmussen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology 360, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre2650, Denmark
- Correspondence: Louise RasmussenDepartment of Surgical Gastroenterology 360, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre2650, Denmark Email
| | - Hans Jørgen Nielsen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology 360, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre2650, Denmark
| | - Ib Jarle Christensen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology 360, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre2650, Denmark
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Cai C, Xie X, Zhou J, Fang X, Wang F, Wang M. Identification of TAF1, SAT1, and ARHGEF9 as DNA methylation biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:611-618. [PMID: 31283007 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. More than 90% of primary HCC is HCC. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and alcohol consumption have been widely accepted as two major risk factors for developing HCC. Herein, we aimed to identify DNA methylation genes related to both HCV infection and alcohol consumption. In this study, we identified methylation genes that were associated with the risk of HCV infection and alcohol consumption, respectively, by a large-scale bioinformatic analysis. Through PPI network analysis, we revealed the associations between the two types of genes and found six hub genes-TAF1, SAT1, Phospholipase C-beta 2, FGD1, ARHGAP4, and ARHGEF9-that may be associated with both HCV infection and alcohol consumption. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis was used to analyze the function which these genes in the network enriched. Among them, TAF1, SAT1, and ARHGEF9 were methylated genes that have been found to be related to tumor progression in HCC patients. Through independent data sets, we verified the methylation pattern of these six genes in HCC samples that had both HCV infection and alcohol consumption risks. Furthermore, we found that three of the six methylated genes were also associated with the prognosis of HCC patients. To summarize, we identified six hub genes that were associated with both HCV infection and alcohol consumption in the progress of HCC. The six methylation genes that might play an important role in both HCV infection and alcohol consumption would be potential therapy targets for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chudong Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital and The Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaojun Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Junyi Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital and The Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, China
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital and The Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
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Wang X, Wang D, Zhang H, Feng M, Wu X. Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation identifies two CpG sites for the early screening of colorectal cancer. Epigenomics 2020; 12:37-52. [PMID: 31762318 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To identify a panel of DNA methylation markers for the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Materials & methods: Using public omics data and our pyrosequencing data, we developed and validated a global methylation model and a CpG-methylation-based model for CRC screening. Results: Both of the models yielded high sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing CRC and its precursors (colorectal adenoma and colorectal laterally spreading tumor) from normal controls in eight independent datasets and our newly collected samples. More importantly, the two-CpG-based model showed high specificity in excluding inflammatory bowel diseases and other 13 cancer types. Conclusion: A diagnostic model based on two CpGs (cg09239744 and cg12587766) may be a powerful tool for CRC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300000, PR China
| | - Danwen Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Clinical Cancer Study Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300000, PR China
| | - Maohui Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Clinical Cancer Study Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430000, PR China
| | - Xiongzhi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300000, PR China
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Circulating Extracellular Vesicle MicroRNA as Diagnostic Biomarkers in Early Colorectal Cancer-A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010052. [PMID: 31878015 PMCID: PMC7016718 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in the developed world, with global deaths expected to double in the next decade. Disease stage at diagnosis is the single greatest prognostic indicator for long-term survival. Unfortunately, early stage CRC is often asymptomatic and diagnosis frequently occurs at an advanced stage, where long-term survival can be as low as 14%. Circulating microRNAs encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently come to prominence as novel diagnostic markers for cancer. EV-miRNAs are dysregulated in the circulation of CRC patients compared to healthy controls, and several specific miRNA candidates have been posited as diagnostic markers, including miR-21, miR-23a, miR-1246, and miR-92a. This review outlines the current landscape of EV-miRNAs as potential diagnostic markers for CRC, with a specific focus on those able to detect early stage disease.
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Circulating Tumour Cells, Circulating Tumour DNA and Circulating Tumour miRNA in Blood Assays in the Different Steps of Colorectal Cancer Management, a Review of the Evidence in 2019. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5953036. [PMID: 31930130 PMCID: PMC6942724 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5953036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite many advances in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), its incidence and mortality rates continue to make an impact worldwide and in some countries rates are mounting. Over the past decade, liquid biopsies have been the object of fundamental and clinical research with regard to the different steps of CRC patient care such as screening, diagnosis, prognosis, follow-up, and therapeutic response. They are attractive because they are considered to encompass both the cellular and molecular heterogeneity of tumours. They are easily accessible and can be applied to large-scale settings despite the cost. However, liquid biopsies face drawbacks in detection regardless of whether we are testing for circulating tumour cells (CTCs), circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), or miRNA. This review highlights the different advantages and disadvantages of each type of blood-based biopsy and underlines which specific one may be the most useful and informative for each step of CRC patient care.
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Ibrahim J, Op de Beeck K, Fransen E, Peeters M, Van Camp G. The Gasdermin E Gene Has Potential as a Pan-Cancer Biomarker, While Discriminating between Different Tumor Types. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111810. [PMID: 31752152 PMCID: PMC6896019 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the elevated rates of incidence and mortality of cancer, early and accurate detection is crucial for achieving optimal treatment. Molecular biomarkers remain important screening and detection tools, especially in light of novel blood-based assays. DNA methylation in cancer has been linked to tumorigenesis, but its value as a biomarker has not been fully explored. In this study, we have investigated the methylation patterns of the Gasdermin E gene across 14 different tumor types using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) methylation data (N = 6502). We were able to identify six CpG sites that could effectively distinguish tumors from normal samples in a pan-cancer setting (AUC = 0.86). This combination of pan-cancer biomarkers was validated in six independent datasets (AUC = 0.84–0.97). Moreover, we tested 74,613 different combinations of six CpG probes, where we identified tumor-specific signatures that could differentiate one tumor type versus all the others (AUC = 0.79–0.98). In all, methylation patterns exhibited great variation between cancer and normal tissues, but were also tumor specific. Our analyses highlight that a Gasdermin E methylation biomarker assay, not only has the potential for being a methylation-specific pan-cancer detection marker, but it also possesses the capacity to discriminate between different types of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Ibrahim
- Centre of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; (J.I.); (K.O.d.B.); (E.F.)
- Centre for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium;
| | - Ken Op de Beeck
- Centre of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; (J.I.); (K.O.d.B.); (E.F.)
- Centre for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium;
| | - Erik Fransen
- Centre of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; (J.I.); (K.O.d.B.); (E.F.)
- StatUa Centre for Statistics, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc Peeters
- Centre for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium;
- Department of Medical Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Guy Van Camp
- Centre of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; (J.I.); (K.O.d.B.); (E.F.)
- Centre for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-3275-9762
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Ahn SB, Sharma S, Mohamedali A, Mahboob S, Redmond WJ, Pascovici D, Wu JX, Zaw T, Adhikari S, Vaibhav V, Nice EC, Baker MS. Potential early clinical stage colorectal cancer diagnosis using a proteomics blood test panel. Clin Proteomics 2019; 16:34. [PMID: 31467500 PMCID: PMC6712843 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-019-9255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most significant challenges in colorectal cancer (CRC) management is the use of compliant early stage population-based diagnostic tests as adjuncts to confirmatory colonoscopy. Despite the near curative nature of early clinical stage surgical resection, mortality remains unacceptably high-as the majority of patients diagnosed by faecal haemoglobin followed by colonoscopy occur at latter stages. Additionally, current population-based screens reliant on fecal occult blood test (FOBT) have low compliance (~ 40%) and tests suffer low sensitivities. Therefore, blood-based diagnostic tests offer survival benefits from their higher compliance (≥ 97%), if they can at least match the sensitivity and specificity of FOBTs. However, discovery of low abundance plasma biomarkers is difficult due to occupancy of a high percentage of proteomic discovery space by many high abundance plasma proteins (e.g., human serum albumin). METHODS A combination of high abundance protein ultradepletion (e.g., MARS-14 and an in-house IgY depletion columns) strategies, extensive peptide fractionation methods (SCX, SAX, High pH and SEC) and SWATH-MS were utilized to uncover protein biomarkers from a cohort of 100 plasma samples (i.e., pools of 20 healthy and 20 stages I-IV CRC plasmas). The differentially expressed proteins were analyzed using ANOVA and pairwise t-tests (p < 0.05; fold-change > 1.5), and further examined with a neural network classification method using in silico augmented 5000 patient datasets. RESULTS Ultradepletion combined with peptide fractionation allowed for the identification of a total of 513 plasma proteins, 8 of which had not been previously reported in human plasma (based on PeptideAtlas database). SWATH-MS analysis revealed 37 protein biomarker candidates that exhibited differential expression across CRC stages compared to healthy controls. Of those, 7 candidates (CST3, GPX3, CFD, MRC1, COMP, PON1 and ADAMDEC1) were validated using Western blotting and/or ELISA. The neural network classification narrowed down candidate biomarkers to 5 proteins (SAA2, APCS, APOA4, F2 and AMBP) that had maintained accuracy which could discern early (I/II) from late (III/IV) stage CRC. CONCLUSION MS-based proteomics in combination with ultradepletion strategies have an immense potential of identifying diagnostic protein biosignature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Beom Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Samridhi Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Abidali Mohamedali
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Sadia Mahboob
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - William J. Redmond
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Dana Pascovici
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility (APAF), Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Jemma X. Wu
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility (APAF), Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Thiri Zaw
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility (APAF), Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Subash Adhikari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Vineet Vaibhav
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Mark S. Baker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Level 1, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
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Nartowt BJ, Hart GR, Roffman DA, Llor X, Ali I, Muhammad W, Liang Y, Deng J. Scoring colorectal cancer risk with an artificial neural network based on self-reportable personal health data. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221421. [PMID: 31437221 PMCID: PMC6705772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is third in prevalence and mortality among all cancers in the US. Currently, the United States Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends anyone ages 50-75 and/or with a family history to be screened for CRC. To improve screening specificity and sensitivity, we have built an artificial neural network (ANN) trained on 12 to 14 categories of personal health data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Years 1997-2016 of the NHIS contain 583,770 respondents who had never received a diagnosis of any cancer and 1409 who had received a diagnosis of CRC within 4 years of taking the survey. The trained ANN has sensitivity of 0.57 ± 0.03, specificity of 0.89 ± 0.02, positive predictive value of 0.0075 ± 0.0003, negative predictive value of 0.999 ± 0.001, and concordance of 0.80 ± 0.05 per the guidelines of Transparent Reporting of Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) level 2a, comparable to current risk-scoring methods. To demonstrate clinical applicability, both USPSTF guidelines and the trained ANN are used to stratify respondents to the 2017 NHIS into low-, medium- and high-risk categories (TRIPOD levels 4 and 2b, respectively). The number of CRC respondents misclassified as low risk is decreased from 35% by screening guidelines to 5% by ANN (in 60 cases). The number of non-CRC respondents misclassified as high risk is decreased from 53% by screening guidelines to 6% by ANN (in 25,457 cases). Our results demonstrate a robustly-tested method of stratifying CRC risk that is non-invasive, cost-effective, and easy to implement publicly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J. Nartowt
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Gregory R. Hart
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - David A. Roffman
- Sun Nuclear Corporation, Melbourne, FL, United States of America
| | - Xavier Llor
- Department of Digestive Diseases, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Issa Ali
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Wazir Muhammad
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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47
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Zanutto S, Ciniselli CM, Belfiore A, Lecchi M, Masci E, Delconte G, Primignani M, Tosetti G, Dal Fante M, Fazzini L, Airoldi A, Vangeli M, Turpini F, Rubis Passoni GG, Viaggi P, Arena M, Motta RIO, Cantù AM, Crosta C, De Roberto G, Iannuzzi F, Cassinotti A, Dall'Olio V, Tizzoni L, Sozzi G, Meroni E, Bisanti L, Pierotti MA, Verderio P, Gariboldi M. Plasma miRNA-based signatures in CRC screening programs. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:1164-1173. [PMID: 31304978 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs help diagnose cancer precursors and early cancers and help reduce CRC mortality. However, currently recommended tests, the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) and colonoscopy, have low uptake. There is therefore a pressing need for screening strategies that are minimally invasive and consequently more acceptable to patients, most likely blood based, to increase early CRC identification. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) released from cancer cells are detectable in plasma in a remarkably stable form, making them ideal cancer biomarkers. Using plasma samples from FIT-positive (FIT+) subjects in an Italian CRC screening program, we aimed to identify plasma circulating miRNAs that detect early CRC. miRNAs were initially investigated by quantitative real-time PCR in plasma from 60 FIT+ subjects undergoing colonoscopy at Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, then tested on an internal validation cohort (IVC, 201 cases) and finally in a large multicenter prospective series (external validation cohort [EVC], 1121 cases). For each endoscopic lesion (low-grade adenoma [LgA], high-grade adenoma [HgA], cancer lesion [CL]), specific signatures were identified in the IVC and confirmed on the EVC. A two-miRNA-based signature for CL and six-miRNA signatures for LgA and HgA were selected. In a multivariate analysis including sex and age at blood collection, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (95% confidence interval) of the signatures were 0.644 (0.607-0.682), 0.670 (0.626-0.714) and 0.682 (0.580-0.785) for LgA, HgA and CL, respectively. A miRNA-based test could be introduced into the FIT+ workflow of CRC screening programs so as to schedule colonoscopies only for subjects likely to benefit most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Zanutto
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Molecular Genetics of Cancer Unit, Fondazione Istituto FIRC Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Maura Ciniselli
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Lecchi
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Enzo Masci
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Delconte
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Primignani
- CRC "A. M. e A. Migliavacca" Center for Liver Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Tosetti
- CRC "A. M. e A. Migliavacca" Center for Liver Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Dal Fante
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Humanitas San Pio X, Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Fazzini
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Humanitas San Pio X, Milan, Italy
| | - Aldo Airoldi
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Vangeli
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Turpini
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Department of Gastro Hepatology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Giuseppe Rubis Passoni
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Department of Gastro Hepatology, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Viaggi
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Arena
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Cristiano Crosta
- Division of Endoscopy, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gabriella Sozzi
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Meroni
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Bisanti
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Alessandro Pierotti
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer Unit, Fondazione Istituto FIRC Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy.,Scientific Directorate, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Verderio
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Gariboldi
- Tumor Genomics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Molecular Genetics of Cancer Unit, Fondazione Istituto FIRC Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy
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48
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Beshara A, Ahoroni M, Comanester D, Vilkin A, Boltin D, Dotan I, Niv Y, Cohen AD, Levi Z. Association between time to colonoscopy after a positive guaiac fecal test result and risk of colorectal cancer and advanced stage disease at diagnosis. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:1532-1540. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amani Beshara
- Division of GastroenterologyRabin Medical Center Petah Tikva Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Maya Ahoroni
- Division of GastroenterologyRabin Medical Center Petah Tikva Israel
| | | | - Alex Vilkin
- Division of GastroenterologyRabin Medical Center Petah Tikva Israel
| | - Doron Boltin
- Division of GastroenterologyRabin Medical Center Petah Tikva Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Iris Dotan
- Division of GastroenterologyRabin Medical Center Petah Tikva Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Yaron Niv
- Division of GastroenterologyRabin Medical Center Petah Tikva Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Arnon D. Cohen
- Department of Quality Measurements and ResearchChief Physician's Office, Clalit Health Services Tel Aviv Israel
- Siaal Research Center for Family Medicine and Primary Care, Faculty of Health SciencesBen‐Gurion University of the Negev Beer‐Sheva Israel
| | - Zohar Levi
- Division of GastroenterologyRabin Medical Center Petah Tikva Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
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49
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Wang G, Wang YZ, Yu Y, Wang JJ, Yin PH, Xu K. Triterpenoids Extracted fromRhus chinensis MillAct Against Colorectal Cancer by Inhibiting Enzymes in Glycolysis and Glutaminolysis: Network Analysis and Experimental Validation. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:293-319. [PMID: 31267795 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1631858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Hao Yin
- Central laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Central laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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50
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Malagón M, Ramió-Pujol S, Serrano M, Serra-Pagès M, Amoedo J, Oliver L, Bahí A, Mas-de-Xaxars T, Torrealba L, Gilabert P, Miquel-Cusachs JO, García-Nimo L, Saló J, Guardiola J, Piñol V, Cubiella J, Castells A, Aldeguer X, Garcia-Gil J. Reduction of faecal immunochemical test false-positive results using a signature based on faecal bacterial markers. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019; 49:1410-1420. [PMID: 31025420 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the second commonest cause of cancer mortality. Some countries are implementing colorectal cancer screening to detect lesions at an early stage using non-invasive tools like the faecal immunochemical test. Despite affordability, this test shows a low sensitivity for precancerous lesions and a low positive predictive value for colorectal cancer, resulting in a high false-positive rate. AIM To develop a new, non-invasive colorectal cancer screening tool based on bacterial faecal biomarkers, which in combination with the faecal immunochemical test, could allow a reduction in the false-positive rate. This tool is called risk assessment of intestinal disease for colorectal cancer (RAID-CRC). METHODS We performed both the faecal immunochemical test and the bacterial markers analysis (RAID-CRC test) in stool samples from individuals with normal colonoscopy (167), non-advanced adenomas (88), advanced adenomas (30) and colorectal cancer (48). All the participants showed colorectal cancer-associated symptoms. RESULTS Performance of the faecal immunochemical test for advanced neoplasia (ie advanced adenoma and colorectal cancer) was determined by using the cut-off value established in Catalonia (20 µg haemoglobin/g of faeces) for a population-based screening approach. Sensitivity and specificity values of 83% and 80%, respectively, and positive and negative predictive values of 56% and 94%, respectively, were obtained. When both the immunological and the biological analysis were combined, the corresponding values were 80% and 90% for sensitivity and specificity, respectively, and 70% and 94% for positive and negative predictive values, respectively, resulting in a 50% reduction of the false-positive rate. CONCLUSIONS RAID-CRC test allows a substantial reduction in the faecal immunochemical test false-positive results (50%) in a symptomatic population. Further validation is indicated in a colorectal cancer-screening scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Malagón
- GoodGut SL, Girona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona-IDIBGI, Salt, Spain.,Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Joan Amoedo
- GoodGut SL, Girona, Spain.,Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Anna Bahí
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona-IDIBGI, Salt, Spain
| | | | | | - Pau Gilabert
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Laura García-Nimo
- Clinical Analysis Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Ourense, Spain
| | - Joan Saló
- Consorci Hospitalari de Vic, Vic, Spain
| | - Jordi Guardiola
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Virginia Piñol
- Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Joaquin Cubiella
- Department of Gastroenterology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, CIBERehd, Ourense, Spain
| | - Antoni Castells
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Aldeguer
- GoodGut SL, Girona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona-IDIBGI, Salt, Spain.,Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
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