1
|
Faleye OS, Lee JH, Lee J. Selected flavonoids exhibit antibiofilm and antibacterial effects against Vibrio by disrupting membrane integrity, virulence and metabolic activities. Biofilm 2023; 6:100165. [PMID: 38034415 PMCID: PMC10681883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a high-risk foodborne pathogen associated with raw or undercooked seafoods and its biofilm forming potential has become a threat to food safety and economic values. Hence, this study aims to examine the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities as well as virulence inhibitory effects of selected flavonoids against V. parahaemolyticus. Out of the sixteen flavonoid derivatives, 6-aminoflavone (6-AF), 3,2-dihydroxyflavone (3,2-DHF) and 2,2-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (DHMB) were found as active biofilm inhibitors. 3,2-DHF and DHMB had minimum inhibitory concentrations of 20 and 50 μg/mL respectively against Vibrio planktonic cells and displayed superior antibacterial activities to standard controls. Also, they disrupted preformed biofilms and suppressed virulence properties including motilities, cell hydrophobicity and aggregation. They impaired iron acquisition mechanism and hemolysin production at sub-MICs as supported by transcriptomic studies. Interestingly, the flavonoids interfered with the metabolic activity, cell division and membrane permeability to exert antibiofilm and antibacterial activities. 6-AF and 3,2-DHF were non-toxic in the C. elegans model and showed excellent capacity to protect shrimps from biodeterioration. Furthermore, the flavonoids inhibited biofilm formation by V. harveyi, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium and the mixed-species biofilm with Vibrio. This study discovered flavonoid derivatives, especially 3,2-DHF as potential bioactive compounds capable of offering protection from risks associated with biofilm formation by V. parahaemolyticus and other food pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olajide Sunday Faleye
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Potok P, Kola A, Valensin D, Capdevila M, Potocki S. Copper Forms a PPII Helix-Like Structure with the Catalytic Domains of Bacterial Zinc Metalloproteases. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18425-18439. [PMID: 37909295 PMCID: PMC10647932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The rapid spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria continuously raises concerns about the future ineffectiveness of current antimicrobial treatments against infectious diseases. To address this problem, new therapeutic strategies and antimicrobial drugs with unique modes of action are urgently needed. Inhibition of metalloproteases, bacterial virulence factors, is a promising target for the development of antibacterial treatments. In this study, the interaction among Zn(II), Cu(II), and the metal-binding domains of two metalloproteases, AprA (Pseudomonas aureginosa) and CpaA (Acinetobacter baumanii), was investigated. The objective was to determine the coordination sphere of Zn(II) with a peptide model of two zinc-dependent metalloproteases. Additionally, the study explored the formation of Cu(II) complexes with the domains, as Cu(II) has been shown to inhibit metalloproteases. The third aim was to understand the role of nonbinding amino acids in stabilizing the metal complexes formed by these proteases. This work identified specific coordination patterns (HExxHxxxxxH) for both Zn(II) and Cu(II) complexes, with AprA and CpaA exhibiting a higher affinity for Cu(II) compared to Zn(II). The study also found that the CpaA domain has greater stability for both Zn(II) and Cu(II) complexes compared to AprA. The nonbinding amino acids of CpaA surrounding the metal ion contribute to the increased thermodynamic stability of the metal-peptide complex through various intramolecular interactions. These interactions can also influence the secondary structures of the peptides. The presence of certain amino acids, such as tyrosine, arginine, and glutamic acid, and their interactions contribute to the stability and, only in the case of Cu(II) complexes, the formation of a rare protein structure called a left-handed polyproline II helix (PPII), which is known to play a role in the stability and function of various proteins. These findings provide valuable insights into the coordination chemistry of bacterial metalloproteases and expand our understanding of potential mechanisms for inhibiting these enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Potok
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Arian Kola
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Valensin
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Merce Capdevila
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Sławomir Potocki
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shao C, Zhao W, Li N, Li Y, Zhang H, Li J, Xu Z, Wang J, Gao T. Gut Microbiome Succession in Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis During Seawater-Freshwater Migration. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:858508. [PMID: 35432227 PMCID: PMC9005979 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.858508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological migration is usually associated with disturbances and environmental changes that are key drivers in determining the diversity, community compositions, and function of gut microbiome. However, little is known about how gut microbiome is affected by disturbance such as salinity changes during migration from seawater to freshwater. Here, we tracked the gut microbiome succession of Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) during their migrations from seawater to freshwater and afterward using 16S rDNA sequencing for 127 days, and explored the temporal patterns in microbial diversity and the underlying environmental factors. The species richness of gut microbiome showed a hump-shaped trend over time during seawater–freshwater migration. The community dissimilarities of gut microbiome increased significantly with day change. The turnover rate of gut microbiome community was higher during seawater–freshwater transition (1–5 days) than that in later freshwater conditions. Salinity was the major factor leading to the alpha diversity and community dissimilarity of gut microbiome during seawater–freshwater transition, while the host selection showed dominant effects during freshwater stage. The transitivity, connectivity, and average clustering coefficient of gut microbial co-occurrence networks showed decreased trends, while modularity increased during seawater–freshwater migration. For metabolic pathways, “Amino Acid Metabolism” and “Lipid Metabolism” were higher during seawater–freshwater transition than in freshwater. This study advances our mechanistic understanding of the assembly and succession of gut microbiota, which provides new insights into the gut ecology of other aquatic animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Shao
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Nannan Li
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinkang Li
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiming Zhang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianheng Gao
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Newman JD, Chopra J, Shah P, Shi E, McFadden ME, Horness RE, Brown LC, van Kessel JC. Amino acid divergence in the ligand-binding pocket of Vibrio LuxR/HapR proteins determines the efficacy of thiophenesulfonamide inhibitors. Mol Microbiol 2021; 116:1173-1188. [PMID: 34468051 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The quorum-sensing signaling systems in Vibrio bacteria converge to control levels of the master transcription factors LuxR/HapR, a family of highly conserved proteins that regulate gene expression for bacterial behaviors. A compound library screen identified 2-thiophenesulfonamide compounds that specifically inhibit Vibrio campbellii LuxR but do not affect cell growth. We synthesized a panel of 50 thiophenesulfonamide compounds to examine the structure-activity relationship effects on Vibrio quorum sensing. The most potent molecule identified, PTSP (3-phenyl-1-(thiophen-2-ylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrazole), inhibits quorum sensing in multiple strains of V. vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. campbellii at nanomolar concentrations. However, thiophenesulfonamide inhibition efficacy varies significantly among Vibrio species: PTSP is most inhibitory against V. vulnificus SmcR, but V. cholerae HapR is completely resistant to all thiophenesulfonamides tested. Reverse genetics experiments show that PTSP efficacy is dictated by amino acid sequence in the putative ligand-binding pocket: F75Y and C170F SmcR substitutions are each sufficient to eliminate PTSP inhibition. Further, in silico modeling distinguished the most potent thiophenesulfonamides from less-effective derivatives. Our results revealed the previously unknown differences in LuxR/HapR proteins that control quorum sensing in Vibrio species and underscore the potential for developing thiophenesulfonamides as specific quorum sensing-directed treatments for Vibrio infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane D Newman
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Jay Chopra
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Priyanka Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Eda Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Molly E McFadden
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Rachel E Horness
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Laura C Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rahman F, Nguyen TM, Adekoya OA, Campestre C, Tortorella P, Sylte I, Winberg JO. Inhibition of bacterial and human zinc-metalloproteases by bisphosphonate- and catechol-containing compounds. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:819-830. [PMID: 33757387 PMCID: PMC7993378 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1901088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds containg catechol or bisphosphonate were tested as inhibitors of the zinc metalloproteases, thermolysin (TLN), pseudolysin (PLN) and aureolysin (ALN) which are bacterial virulence factors, and the human matrix metalloproteases MMP-9 and -14. Inhibition of virulence is a putative strategy in the development of antibacterial drugs, but the inhibitors should not interfere with human enzymes. Docking indicated that the inhibitors bound MMP-9 and MMP-14 with the phenyl, biphenyl, chlorophenyl, nitrophenyl or methoxyphenyl ringsystem in the S1'-subpocket, while these ringsystems entered the S2'- or S1 -subpockets or a region involving amino acids in the S1'- and S2'-subpockets of the bacterial enzymes. An arginine conserved among the bacterial enzymes seemed to hinder entrance deeply into the S1'-subpocket. Only the bisphosphonate containing compound RC2 bound stronger to PLN and TLN than to MMP-9 and MMP-14. Docking indicated that the reason was that the conserved arginine (R203 in TLN and R198 in PLN) interacts with phosphate groups of RC2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Rahman
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tra-Mi Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Olayiwola A Adekoya
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Cristina Campestre
- Department of Pharmacy, University of "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paolo Tortorella
- Department of Pharmacy, Science of Pharmacy, University "A. Moro" Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ingebrigt Sylte
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jan-Olof Winberg
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The Vibriolysin-Like Protease VnpA and the Collagenase ColA Are Required for Full Virulence of the Bivalve Mollusks Pathogen Vibrio neptunius. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040391. [PMID: 33917401 PMCID: PMC8067407 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio neptunius is an important pathogen of bivalve mollusks worldwide. Several metalloproteases have been described as virulence factors in species of Vibrio that are pathogenic to bivalves, but little is known about the contribution of these potential virulence factors to Vibrio neptunius pathogenesis. In silico analysis of the genome of V. neptunius strain PP-145.98 led to the identification of two hitherto uncharacterized chromosomal loci encoding a probable vibriolysin-like metalloprotease and a putative collagenase, which were designated VnpA and ColA, respectively. Single defective mutants of each gene were obtained in V. neptunius PP-145.98, and the phospholipase, esterase and collagenase activities were studied and compared with those of the wild-type strain. The results showed that the single inactivation of vnpA resulted in a 3-fold reduction in phospholipase/esterase activity. Inactivation of colA reduced the collagenase activity by 50%. Finally, infection challenges performed in oyster larvae showed that ΔvnpA and ΔcolA—single mutant strains of V. neptunius—are between 2–3-fold less virulent than the wild-type strain. Thus, the present work demonstrates that the production of both VnpA and ColA is required for the full virulence of the bivalve pathogen V. neptunius.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ding L, Li W, Liang L, Huang Z, Li N, Zhang J, Shi H, Storey KB, Hong M. Modulation of the intestinal barrier adaptive functions in red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) invading brackish waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141744. [PMID: 32890802 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the increase in sea levels is leading to salinization of freshwater, which might influence the freshwater organisms such as red-eared slider, Trachemys scripta elegans. The turtle can invade brackish water environments, in which it must deal with elevated salinity in the gastrointestinal tract that could impact the intestinal function. The intestinal barrier provides a front-line of organismal defense against the chemical and biological environmental insults. In this study, the adaptive functions of the intestinal barrier including intestinal histomorphology, genes involved in intestinal barrier functions, and the intestinal micro-ecosystem were analyzed in the turtles exposed to freshwater (S0), 5‰ salinity (S5) and 15‰ salinity (S15) water for 30 days. The results showed that the intestine of T. s. elegans maintained normal histomorphological structure in the S5 group, whereas the villus height, crypt depth and the number of goblet cells in the S15 group were lower than that in the S5 and S0 groups. In addition, the relative expression levels of epithelial tight junction-related genes and intestinal immune-related genes in the gut were significantly upregulated in the S15 group, compared to the freshwater group. Mucin-2 gene expression was downregulated, but mucin-1 transcript levels were upregulated in salinity-treated groups. Furthermore, the abundances of phylum Proteobacteria, and genera Morganella and Aeromonas in the intestine were particularly enhanced in the S15 group than the S0 and S5 groups. Taken together, these results indicate that the intestinal barrier plays a protective role in T. s. elegans adaptation to brackish water environments. Our results provide a perspective on the evolution of salinity tolerance and help to evaluate the potential danger of the turtle to other species, and understand the challenges that other species must meet with rising sea levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Weihao Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Lingyue Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Zubin Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Na Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Jiliang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Meiling Hong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Epidemiology, pathogenetic mechanism, clinical characteristics, and treatment of Vibrio vulnificus infection: a case report and literature review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:1999-2004. [PMID: 31325061 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is a Gram-negative bacterium that belongs to the Vibrionaceae family. It represents a deadly opportunistic human pathogen which grows in water with the proper temperature and salinity, and is mostly acquired from seafood eating or direct contact. In susceptible individuals, a traumatic infection could be fatal, causing severe wound infection and even septic shock, and may require amputation. Global warming plays an important role in the geographical area expanding of Vibrio disease. The pathogenesis of Vibrio vulnificus-associated sepsis is very complex, including iron intake, cell injury, and adhesion-related protein and virulence regulation. Vibrio vulnificus infection mainly manifests clinical subtypes such as primary sepsis, traumatic infection, and gastroenteritis, with rapid symptom progression and signs of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). It is important to assess these pathogenetic mechanisms in order to select more appropriate measures to prevent and treat Vibrio vulnificus infections, including antibiotic usage and surgical intervention. In this work, we report a typical case of successful treatment of necrotizing fasciitis caused by Vibrio vulnificus, and review the epidemiology, pathogenetic mechanism, clinical characteristics, and treatment of Vibrio vulnificus infection.
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu D, Wu C, Wu R, Huang J, Liao B, Lei M, Zhang Y, He H. Comprehensive analysis of the phylogeny and extracellular proteases in genus Vibrio strain. Microb Pathog 2019; 131:1-8. [PMID: 30902730 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As one of the dominant bacteria in the ocean, Vibrio play important roles in maintaining the aquatic ecosystem. In this study, we studied the phylogenetic relationships of 32 Vibrio based on the 16S rRNA genes sequences and utilized substrate immersing zymography method to detect the trend of protease production and components of multiprotease system of Vibrio extracellular proteases. The result showed that different extracellular proteolytic profiles among various Vibrio strains demonstrated a large interspecific variation, and for strains from the same environments, the closer the evolutionary relationship of them, the more similar their zymograms were. In addition, these proteases displayed very different hydrolysis abilities to casein and gelatin. Moreover, the results of the inhibitor-substrate immersing zymography indicated that the proteases secreted by marine Vibrio mostly belonged to serine proteases or metalloproteases. These results implied that combined taxonomic information of the Vibrios with their extracellular protease zymograms maybe contributed to the study of the classification, phylogeny and pathogenic mechanism of Vibrio, and can serve as a theoretical basis for controlling the pathogenic Vibrio disease as well as exploiting proteases. More importantly, we can also eliminate many similar strains by this way, thus can greatly reduce the workload of the experiments for us.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Cuiling Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, 046000, China
| | - Ribang Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Jiafeng Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Binqiang Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Ming Lei
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, School of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Hailun He
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Buckley KM, Schuh NW, Heyland A, Rast JP. Analysis of immune response in the sea urchin larva. Methods Cell Biol 2018; 150:333-355. [PMID: 30777183 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sea urchin larvae deploy a complex immune system in the context of relatively simple morphology. Several types of phagocytic or granular immune cells respond rapidly to microbes and microbial components within the body cavity. Many of these cells also respond to microbial disturbances in the gut lumen. In the course of immune response, hundreds of genes are up- and downregulated, many of which have homologs involved in immunity in other species. Thus, the larval sea urchin provides an experimentally advantageous model for investigating the response to immune challenge at the level of cell behavior and gene regulatory networks. Importantly, the morphological simplicity and optical clarity of these larvae allow studies to be carried out within the intact animal. Here, we outline techniques to probe and visualize the immune system of the feeding sea urchin larva, particularly for quantifying gene expression and cell migration as the animal responds to both pathogens and symbionts. Techniques addressed in this chapter include (1) exposure of larvae to microbes and microbial products in sea water and by blastocoelar microinjection, (2) time-lapse imaging of immune response, (3) isolation of culturable bacteria associated with feeding larvae, (4) quantification of larval associations with isolated bacterial strains and (5) preparation of secreted products from isolated bacteria for testing in larval culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Buckley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Nicholas W Schuh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Andreas Heyland
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Rast
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Emory University School of Medicine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pérez-Reytor D, Jaña V, Pavez L, Navarrete P, García K. Accessory Toxins of Vibrio Pathogens and Their Role in Epithelial Disruption During Infection. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2248. [PMID: 30294318 PMCID: PMC6158335 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal episodes associated with Vibrio species have been rising worldwide in the last few years. Consequently, it is important to comprehend how occurs the production of diarrhea, to establish new preventive and therapeutic measures. Besides the classical CT and TCP toxins, Zot, RTX, and Ace among others have been deeply studied in V. cholerae. However, in other Vibrio species of clinical interest, where some of these toxins have been reported, there is practically no information. Zot activates a cascade of signals inside of the cell that increase the permeability of epithelial barrier, while RTX causes depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton and Ace increases the permeability of intestinal cell monolayers. The goal of this study is to acquire information about the distribution of these toxins in human pathogenic Vibrios and to review the progress in the study of their role in the intestinal epithelium during infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diliana Pérez-Reytor
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Victor Jaña
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Pavez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Navarrete
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Probióticos, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherine García
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sylte I, Dawadi R, Malla N, von Hofsten S, Nguyen TM, Solli AI, Berg E, Adekoya OA, Svineng G, Winberg JO. The selectivity of galardin and an azasugar-based hydroxamate compound for human matrix metalloproteases and bacterial metalloproteases. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200237. [PMID: 30075004 PMCID: PMC6075749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors targeting bacterial enzymes should not interfere with enzymes of the host, and knowledge about structural determinants for selectivity is important for designing inhibitors with a therapeutic potential. We have determined the binding strengths of two hydroxamate compounds, galardin and compound 1b for the bacterial zinc metalloproteases, thermolysin, pseudolysin and auerolysin, known to be bacterial virulence factors, and the two human zinc metalloproteases MMP-9 and MMP-14. The active sites of the bacterial and human enzymes have huge similarities. In addition, we also studied the enzyme-inhibitor interactions by molecular modelling. The obtained Ki values of galardin for MMP-9 and MMP-14 and compound 1b for MMP-9 are approximately ten times lower than previously reported. Compound 1b binds stronger than galardin to both MMP-9 and MMP-14, and docking studies indicated that the diphenyl ether moiety of compound 1b obtains more favourable interactions within the S´1-subpocket than the 4-methylpentanoyl moiety of galardin. Both compounds bind stronger to MMP-9 than to MMP-14, which appears to be due to a larger S´1-subpocket in the former enzyme. Galardin, but not 1b, inhibits the bacterial enzymes, but the galardin Ki values were much larger than for the MMPs. The docking indicates that the S´1-subpockets of the bacterial proteases are too small to accommodate the diphenyl ether moiety of 1b, while the 4-methylpentanoyl moiety of galardin enters the pocket. The present study indicates that the size and shape of the ligand structural moiety entering the S´1-subpocket is an important determinant for selectivity between the studied MMPs and bacterial MPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingebrigt Sylte
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rangita Dawadi
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nabin Malla
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Susannah von Hofsten
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tra-Mi Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ann Iren Solli
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eli Berg
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Olayiwola A. Adekoya
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gunbjørg Svineng
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jan-Olof Winberg
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Pathogenic Vibrio species cause diseases in diverse marine animals reared in aquaculture. Since their pathogenesis, persistence, and survival in marine environments are regulated by quorum sensing (QS), QS interference has attracted attention as a means to control these bacteria in aquatic settings. A few QS inhibitors of Vibrio species have been reported, but detailed molecular mechanisms are lacking. Here, we identified a novel, potent, and selective Vibrio QS inhibitor, named QStatin [1-(5-bromothiophene-2-sulfonyl)-1H-pyrazole], which affects Vibrio harveyi LuxR homologues, the well-conserved master transcriptional regulators for QS in Vibrio species. Crystallographic and biochemical analyses showed that QStatin binds tightly to a putative ligand-binding pocket in SmcR, the LuxR homologue in V. vulnificus, and changes the flexibility of the protein, thereby altering its transcription regulatory activity. Transcriptome analysis revealed that QStatin results in SmcR dysfunction, affecting the expression of SmcR regulon required for virulence, motility/chemotaxis, and biofilm dynamics. Notably, QStatin attenuated representative QS-regulated phenotypes in various Vibrio species, including virulence against the brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana). Together, these results provide molecular insights into the mechanism of action of an effective, sustainable QS inhibitor that is less susceptible to resistance than other antimicrobial agents and useful in controlling the virulence of Vibrio species in aquacultures.IMPORTANCE Yields of aquaculture, such as penaeid shrimp hatcheries, are greatly affected by vibriosis, a disease caused by pathogenic Vibrio infections. Since bacterial cell-to-cell communication, known as quorum sensing (QS), regulates pathogenesis of Vibrio species in marine environments, QS inhibitors have attracted attention as alternatives to conventional antibiotics in aquatic settings. Here, we used target-based high-throughput screening to identify QStatin, a potent and selective inhibitor of V. harveyi LuxR homologues, which are well-conserved master QS regulators in Vibrio species. Structural and biochemical analyses revealed that QStatin binds tightly to a putative ligand-binding pocket on SmcR, the LuxR homologue in V. vulnificus, and affects expression of QS-regulated genes. Remarkably, QStatin attenuated diverse QS-regulated phenotypes in various Vibrio species, including pathogenesis against brine shrimp, with no impact on bacterial viability. Taken together, the results suggest that QStatin may be a sustainable antivibriosis agent useful in aquacultures.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang C, Liang W, Zhang W, Li C. Characterization of a metalloprotease involved in Vibrio splendidus infection in the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus. Microb Pathog 2016; 101:96-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
15
|
Ghosh A, Koley H, Pal A. The Role of Vibrio cholerae Haemagglutinin Protease (HAP) in Extra-Intestinal Infection. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:DC10-DC14. [PMID: 27790431 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/16510.8461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Based on the diversity of surface O antigen Vibrio cholerae can be classified into 206 serogroups. Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of cholera and extra intestinal infections like, septicemia, wound infection and haemorrhagic reactions. Pathogenic factors of V. cholerae extra-intestinal infection are yet to be explored. AIM To identify the pathogenic factor associated with V. cholerae extra-intestinal infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was carried out between April, 2007 to October 2007 in National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED). Haemagglutinin Protease (HAP), a major secreted proteolytic enzyme, was purified from the culture supernatant of Vibrio cholerae O1 strain C6709 after removal of outer membrane vesicles using a single step ion-exchange chromatography. Function of HAP was characterized by animal model, like, subcutaneous mouse assay, basement membrane component's degradation assays and tissue culture assays. RESULT When suckling mouse was subcutaneously injected with culture supernatant of C6709 strain or purified HAP in both cases, distinct in vivo haemorrhagic response along with histopathological changes like necrosis of the capillaries and muscle layer, acute myofibre degeneration as well as moderate number of erythrocyte scattered through the skin, capillary necrosis, acute myofiber degeneration and necrosis of muscle layer were found. When Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) media was used, the haemorrhagic effects in suckling mouse were not detectable. The major protein components, laminin and collagen, of basement membrane comprising of vascular endothelial cells, were degraded by HAP. Purified HAP showed cell rounding effects on Int 407 cells. CONCLUSION Result indicates that HAP may be a causative agent of Vibrio cholerae mediated extra-intestinal infection. This study confirms that Vibrio cholera as a sole pathogen can cause the extra-intestinal infection. This information is important for public health notification. Besides this, result indicates appropriate testing for Vibrio cholerae and intervention are important for the patient management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Ghosh
- Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Hemanta Koley
- Scientist D, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseaes , Kolkata, India
| | - Amit Pal
- Scientist E, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseaes , Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Buhmann MT, Schulze B, Förderer A, Schleheck D, Kroth PG. Bacteria may induce the secretion of mucin-like proteins by the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2016; 52:463-74. [PMID: 26993172 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Benthic diatoms live in photoautotrophic/heterotrophic biofilm communities embedded in a matrix of secreted extracellular polymeric substances. Closely associated bacteria influence their growth, aggregation, and secretion of exopolymers. We have studied a diatom/bacteria model community, in which a marine Roseobacter strain is able to grow with secreted diatom exopolymers as a sole source of carbon. The strain influences the aggregation of Phaeodactylum tricornutum by inducing a morphotypic transition from planktonic, fusiform cells to benthic, oval cells. Analysis of the extracellular soluble proteome of P. tricornutum in the presence and absence of bacteria revealed constitutively expressed newly identified proteins with mucin-like domains that appear to be typical for extracellular diatom proteins. In contrast to mucins, the proline-, serine-, threonine-rich (PST) domains in these proteins were also found in combination with protease-, glucosidase- and leucine-rich repeat-domains. Bioinformatic functional predictions indicate that several of these newly identified diatom-specific proteins may be involved in algal defense, intercellular signaling, and aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Birgit Schulze
- Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - David Schleheck
- Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Peter G Kroth
- Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Benitez JA, Silva AJ. Vibrio cholerae hemagglutinin(HA)/protease: An extracellular metalloprotease with multiple pathogenic activities. Toxicon 2016; 115:55-62. [PMID: 26952544 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae of serogroup O1 and O139, the etiological agent of the diarrheal disease cholera, expresses the extracellular Zn-dependent metalloprotease hemagglutinin (HA)/protease also reported as vibriolysin. This enzyme is also produced by non-O1/O139 (non-cholera) strains that cause mild, sporadic illness (i.e. gastroenteritis, wound or ear infections). Orthologs of HA/protease are present in other members of the Vibrionaceae family pathogenic to humans and fish. HA/protease belongs to the M4 neutral peptidase family and displays significant amino acid sequence homology to Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase (LasB) and Bacillus thermoproteolyticus thermolysin. It exhibits a broad range of potentially pathogenic activities in cell culture and animal models. These activities range from the covalent modification of other toxins, the degradation of the protective mucus barrier and disruption of intestinal tight junctions. Here we review (i) the structure and regulation of HA/protease expression, (ii) its interaction with other toxins and the intestinal mucosa and (iii) discuss the possible role(s) of HA/protease in the pathogenesis of cholera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Benitez
- Morehouse School of Medicine Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, 720 Westview Dr., SW Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA.
| | - Anisia J Silva
- Morehouse School of Medicine Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, 720 Westview Dr., SW Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Huang KC, Weng HH, Yang TY, Chang TS, Huang TW, Lee MS. Distribution of Fatal Vibrio Vulnificus Necrotizing Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2627. [PMID: 26844475 PMCID: PMC4748892 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections (VNSSTIs), which have increased significantly over the past few decades, are still highly lethal and disabling diseases despite advancing antibiotic and infection control practices. We, therefore, examined the spatiotemporal distribution of worldwide reported episodes and associated mortality rates of VNSSTIs between 1966 and 2014. The PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for observational studies on patients with VNSSTIs. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. We did random-effects meta-analysis to obtain estimates for primary outcomes; the estimates are presented as means plus a 95% confidence interval (CI). Data from the selected studies were also extracted and pooled for correlation analyses.Nineteen studies of 2227 total patients with VNSSTIs were analyzed. More than 95% of the episodes occurred in the subtropical western Pacific and Atlantic coastal regions of the northern hemisphere. While the number of cases and the number of deaths were not correlated with the study period (rs = 0.476 and 0.310, P = 0.233 and 0.456, respectively), the 5-year mortality rate was significantly negatively correlated with them (rs = -0.905, P = 0.002). Even so, the pooled estimate of total mortality rates from the random-effects meta-analysis was as high as 37.2% (95% CI: 0.265-0.479).These data suggest that VNSSTIs are always an important public health problem and will become more critical and urgent because of global warming. Knowing the current distribution of VNSSTIs will help focus education, policy measures, early clinical diagnosis, and appropriate medical and surgical treatment for them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Chin Huang
- From the College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan (K-CH, H-HW, T-SC, T-WH, MSL); Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (K-CH, T-YY, T-WH); Department of Diagnostic Radiology (H-HW); Department of Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chaiyi (T-SC); and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (MSL)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dubert J, Nelson DR, Spinard EJ, Kessner L, Gomez-Chiarri M, Costa FD, Prado S, Barja JL. Following the infection process of vibriosis in Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) larvae through GFP-tagged pathogenic Vibrio species. J Invertebr Pathol 2016; 133:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
20
|
Edwin A, Persson C, Mayzel M, Wai SN, Öhman A, Karlsson BG, Sauer-Eriksson AE. Structure of the N-terminal domain of the metalloprotease PrtV from Vibrio cholerae. Protein Sci 2015; 24:2076-80. [PMID: 26434928 PMCID: PMC4815223 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The metalloprotease PrtV from Vibrio cholerae serves an important function for the ability of bacteria to invade the mammalian host cell. The protein belongs to the family of M6 proteases, with a characteristic zinc ion in the catalytic active site. PrtV constitutes a 918 amino acids (102 kDa) multidomain pre-pro-protein that undergoes several N- and C-terminal modifications to form a catalytically active protease. We report here the NMR structure of the PrtV N-terminal domain (residues 23-103) that contains two short α-helices in a coiled coil motif. The helices are held together by a cluster of hydrophobic residues. Approximately 30 residues at the C-terminal end, which were predicted to form a third helical structure, are disordered. These residues are highly conserved within the genus Vibrio, which suggests that they might be functionally important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Edwin
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Persson
- Swedish NMR Centre at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE-40530, Sweden
| | - Maxim Mayzel
- Swedish NMR Centre at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE-40530, Sweden
| | - Sun Nyunt Wai
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden.,The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Anders Öhman
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 85, Sweden
| | - B Göran Karlsson
- Swedish NMR Centre at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE-40530, Sweden
| | - A Elisabeth Sauer-Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden.,Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Diversity, Structures, and Collagen-Degrading Mechanisms of Bacterial Collagenolytic Proteases. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:6098-107. [PMID: 26150451 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00883-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial collagenolytic proteases are important because of their essential role in global collagen degradation and because of their virulence in some human bacterial infections. Bacterial collagenolytic proteases include some metalloproteases of the M9 family from Clostridium or Vibrio strains, some serine proteases distributed in the S1, S8, and S53 families, and members of the U32 family. In recent years, there has been remarkable progress in discovering new bacterial collagenolytic proteases and in investigating the collagen-degrading mechanisms of bacterial collagenolytic proteases. This review provides comprehensive insight into bacterial collagenolytic proteases, especially focusing on the structures and collagen-degrading mechanisms of representative bacterial collagenolytic proteases in each family. The roles of bacterial collagenolytic proteases in human diseases and global nitrogen cycling, together with the biotechnological and medical applications for these proteases, are also briefly discussed.
Collapse
|
22
|
Schmidt VT, Smith KF, Melvin DW, Amaral-Zettler LA. Community assembly of a euryhaline fish microbiome during salinity acclimation. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:2537-50. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor T. Schmidt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Brown University; Providence RI 02912 USA
- The Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution; Marine Biological Laboratory; 7 MBL Street Woods Hole MA 02543 USA
| | - Katherine F. Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Brown University; Providence RI 02912 USA
| | | | - Linda A. Amaral-Zettler
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Brown University; Providence RI 02912 USA
- The Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution; Marine Biological Laboratory; 7 MBL Street Woods Hole MA 02543 USA
- Department of Earth Environmental and Planetary Sciences; Brown University; Providence RI 02912 USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Park BR, Zielke RA, Wierzbicki IH, Mitchell KC, Withey JH, Sikora AE. A metalloprotease secreted by the type II secretion system links Vibrio cholerae with collagen. J Bacteriol 2015; 197:1051-64. [PMID: 25561716 PMCID: PMC4336349 DOI: 10.1128/jb.02329-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is autochthonous to various aquatic niches and is the etiological agent of the life-threatening diarrheal disease cholera. The persistence of V. cholerae in natural habitats is a crucial factor in the epidemiology of cholera. In contrast to the well-studied V. cholerae-chitin connection, scarce information is available about the factors employed by the bacteria for the interaction with collagens. Collagens might serve as biologically relevant substrates, because they are the most abundant protein constituents of metazoan tissues and V. cholerae has been identified in association with invertebrate and vertebrate marine animals, as well as in a benthic zone of the ocean where organic matter, including collagens, accumulates. Here, we describe the characterization of the V. cholerae putative collagenase, VchC, encoded by open reading frame VC1650 and belonging to the subfamily M9A peptidases. Our studies demonstrate that VchC is an extracellular collagenase degrading native type I collagen of fish and mammalian origin. Alteration of the predicted catalytic residues coordinating zinc ions completely abolished the protein enzymatic activity but did not affect the translocation of the protease by the type II secretion pathway into the extracellular milieu. We also show that the protease undergoes a maturation process with the aid of a secreted factor(s). Finally, we propose that V. cholerae is a collagenovorous bacterium, as it is able to utilize collagen as a sole nutrient source. This study initiates new lines of investigations aiming to uncover the structural and functional components of the V. cholerae collagen utilization program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo R Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Ryszard A Zielke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Igor H Wierzbicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Kristie C Mitchell
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Withey
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Aleksandra E Sikora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mersni-Achour R, Cheikh YB, Pichereau V, Doghri I, Etien C, Dégremont L, Saulnier D, Fruitier-Arnaudin I, Travers MA. Factors other than metalloprotease are required for full virulence of French Vibrio tubiashii isolates in oyster larvae. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2015; 161:997-1007. [PMID: 25701736 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio tubiashii is a marine pathogen isolated from larval and juvenile bivalve molluscs that causes bacillary necrosis. Recent studies demonstrated the isolation of this species in a French experimental hatchery/nursery affecting Crassostrea gigas spat in 2007. Here, using larvae of C. gigas as an interaction model, we showed that the French V. tubiashii is virulent to larvae and can cause bacillary necrosis symptoms with an LD50 of about 2.3 × 10(3) c.f.u. ml(-1) after 24 h. Moreover, complete or gel permeation HPLC fractionated extracellular products (ECPs) of this strain appeared toxic to larvae. MS-MS analysis of the different ECP fractions revealed the existence of an extracellular metalloprotease and other suspected virulence factors. This observation is also supported by the expression level of some potential virulence factors. The overall results suggest that the pathology caused by the French V. tubiashii in C. gigas oysters is caused by a group of toxic factors and not only the metalloprotease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachida Mersni-Achour
- Fédération de Recherche en Environnement et Développement Durable, FR CNRS 3097, Université de La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France
- IFREMER, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
- UMR 7266 CNRS-ULR, LIENSs, Equipe Approches Moléculaires, Environnement-Santé, Université de La Rochelle, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, France
| | - Yosra Ben Cheikh
- UMR 7266 CNRS-ULR, LIENSs, Equipe Approches Moléculaires, Environnement-Santé, Université de La Rochelle, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, France
| | - Vianney Pichereau
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université Européenne de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Ibtissem Doghri
- UMR 7266 CNRS-ULR, LIENSs, Equipe Approches Moléculaires, Environnement-Santé, Université de La Rochelle, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, France
| | - Cédric Etien
- UMR 7266 CNRS-ULR, LIENSs, Equipe Approches Moléculaires, Environnement-Santé, Université de La Rochelle, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, France
| | - Lionel Dégremont
- IFREMER, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Denis Saulnier
- IFREMER, Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, UMR 241 Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens, Tahiti, 98719 Taravao, French Polynesia
- IFREMER, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Ingrid Fruitier-Arnaudin
- Fédération de Recherche en Environnement et Développement Durable, FR CNRS 3097, Université de La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France
- UMR 7266 CNRS-ULR, LIENSs, Equipe Approches Moléculaires, Environnement-Santé, Université de La Rochelle, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Travers
- IFREMER, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mersni-Achour R, Imbert-Auvray N, Huet V, Cheikh YB, Faury N, Doghri I, Rouatbi S, Bordenave S, Travers MA, Saulnier D, Fruitier-Arnaudin I. First description of French V. tubiashii strains pathogenic to mollusk: II. Characterization of properties of the proteolytic fraction of extracellular products. J Invertebr Pathol 2014; 123:49-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
26
|
Liu D, Yang X, Huang J, Wu R, Wu C, He H, Li H. In situ demonstration and characteristic analysis of the protease components from marine bacteria using substrate immersing zymography. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:489-501. [PMID: 25315385 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1287-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Zymography is a widely used technique for the study of proteolytic activities on the basis of protein substrate degradation. In this study, substrate immersing zymography was used in analyzing proteolysis of extracellular proteases. Instead of being added directly into a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) gel, the substrates were added into the immersing solution after electrophoresis. Substrate immersing zymography could accurately determine the molecular weight of trypsin, and band intensities were linearly related to the amount of protease. The diversity of extracellular proteases produced by different marine bacteria was analyzed by substrate immersing zymography, and large variations of proteolysis were evidenced. The proteolytic activity of Pseudoalteromonas strains was more complicated than that of other strains. Five Pseudoalteromonas strains and five Vibrio strains were further analyzed by substrate immersing zymography with different substrates (casein and gelatin), and multiple caseinolytic and gelatinolytic profiles were detected. The extracellular proteolytic profiles of Pseudoalteromonas strains exhibited a large intraspecific variation. Molecular weight (Mw) of the main protease secreted by Vibrio was 35 kDa. Additionally, the time-related change trends of the activities of extracellular proteases produced by Pseudoalteromonas sp. SJN2 were analyzed by substrate immersing zymography. These results implied the potential application of substrate immersing zymography for the analysis of the diversity of bacterial extracellular proteases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Vanhove AS, Duperthuy M, Charrière GM, Le Roux F, Goudenège D, Gourbal B, Kieffer-Jaquinod S, Couté Y, Wai SN, Destoumieux-Garzón D. Outer membrane vesicles are vehicles for the delivery ofVibrio tasmaniensisvirulence factors to oyster immune cells. Environ Microbiol 2014; 17:1152-65. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Sophie Vanhove
- Ecology of Coastal Marine Systems; CNRS UMR 5119; Montpellier F-34095 France
- Ecology of Coastal Marine Systems; Ifremer; Montpellier F-34095 France
- Ecology of Coastal Marine Systems; University of Montpellier 1; Montpellier F-34095 France
- Ecology of Coastal Marine Systems; University of Montpellier 2 and IRD; Montpellier F-34095 France
| | - Marylise Duperthuy
- Ecology of Coastal Marine Systems; Ifremer; Montpellier F-34095 France
- Department of Molecular Biology; The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS); Umeå University; Umeå S-90187 Sweden
| | - Guillaume M. Charrière
- Ecology of Coastal Marine Systems; CNRS UMR 5119; Montpellier F-34095 France
- Ecology of Coastal Marine Systems; Ifremer; Montpellier F-34095 France
- Ecology of Coastal Marine Systems; University of Montpellier 1; Montpellier F-34095 France
- Ecology of Coastal Marine Systems; University of Montpellier 2 and IRD; Montpellier F-34095 France
| | - Frédérique Le Roux
- Unité Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins; Ifremer; Plouzané F-29280 France
- Integrative Biology of Marine Models UPMC Univ Paris 06; Sorbonne Universités; Roscoff Cedex F-29688 France
- Integrative Biology of Marine Models; CNRS UMR 8227; Station Biologique de Roscoff; Roscoff Cedex F-29688 France
| | - David Goudenège
- Unité Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins; Ifremer; Plouzané F-29280 France
- Integrative Biology of Marine Models UPMC Univ Paris 06; Sorbonne Universités; Roscoff Cedex F-29688 France
- Integrative Biology of Marine Models; CNRS UMR 8227; Station Biologique de Roscoff; Roscoff Cedex F-29688 France
| | - Benjamin Gourbal
- Ecology and Evolution of Interactions; CNRS UMR 5244; Université de Perpignan Via Domitia; Perpignan Cedex F-66860 France
| | - Sylvie Kieffer-Jaquinod
- U1038; Université Grenoble-Alpes; Grenoble F-38054 France
- iRTSV; Biologie à Grande Echelle; CEA; Grenoble F-38054 France
- U1038; INSERM; Grenoble F-38054 France
| | - Yohann Couté
- U1038; Université Grenoble-Alpes; Grenoble F-38054 France
- iRTSV; Biologie à Grande Echelle; CEA; Grenoble F-38054 France
- U1038; INSERM; Grenoble F-38054 France
| | - Sun Nyunt Wai
- Department of Molecular Biology; The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS); Umeå University; Umeå S-90187 Sweden
| | - Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón
- Ecology of Coastal Marine Systems; CNRS UMR 5119; Montpellier F-34095 France
- Ecology of Coastal Marine Systems; Ifremer; Montpellier F-34095 France
- Ecology of Coastal Marine Systems; University of Montpellier 1; Montpellier F-34095 France
- Ecology of Coastal Marine Systems; University of Montpellier 2 and IRD; Montpellier F-34095 France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Quorum sensing-dependent metalloprotease VvpE is important in the virulence of Vibrio vulnificus to invertebrates. Microb Pathog 2014; 71-72:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
29
|
Travers MA, Mersni Achour R, Haffner P, Tourbiez D, Cassone AL, Morga B, Doghri I, Garcia C, Renault T, Fruitier-Arnaudin I, Saulnier D. First description of French V. tubiashii strains pathogenic to mollusk: I. Characterization of isolates and detection during mortality events. J Invertebr Pathol 2014; 123:38-48. [PMID: 24815818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nine dominant bacterial isolates were obtained from different batches of Crassostrea gigas spat experiencing high mortality rates in a French experimental hatchery/nursery in 2007. Using phenotypic analysis combined with multilocus sequence analysis, the isolates were shown to be genetically close to the Vibrio tubiashii type strain. Based on (1) analyses of the recA gene sequences; (2) the results of DNA-DNA hybridization assays between 07/118 T2 (LMG 27884=CECT 8426), which is a representative strain, and the V. tubiashii type strain (69%); and (3) phenotypic traits, the bacteria were classified in a group close to American V. tubiashii strain. Its virulence (70% of mortalities) and the toxicity of the extracellular products of 07/118 T2 was demonstrated (41% of mortalities). Moreover, a QPCR diagnostic tool targeting the gyrB gene was developed to investigate the epidemiological significance of V. tubiashii in French oyster mortality outbreaks recorded by the national surveillance network. Of the 21 batches originating from hatcheries, only two were positive, whereas V. tubiashii DNA could not be detected in any of the batches of moribund animals collected in field/outdoor facilities. These results demonstrate the existence of a group of virulent V. tubiashii in France that episodically infect C. gigas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Agnès Travers
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France.
| | - Rachida Mersni Achour
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France; UMR 7266 CNRS-ULR, LIENSs, Equipe Approches Moléculaires, Environnement-Santé, Université de La Rochelle, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, France; Fédération de Recherche en Environnement et Développement Durable, FR CNRS 3097, Université de La Rochelle, France
| | - Philippe Haffner
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Delphine Tourbiez
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Anne-Laure Cassone
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Benjamin Morga
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Ibtissem Doghri
- UMR 7266 CNRS-ULR, LIENSs, Equipe Approches Moléculaires, Environnement-Santé, Université de La Rochelle, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, France
| | - Céline Garcia
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Tristan Renault
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Ingrid Fruitier-Arnaudin
- UMR 7266 CNRS-ULR, LIENSs, Equipe Approches Moléculaires, Environnement-Santé, Université de La Rochelle, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, France; Fédération de Recherche en Environnement et Développement Durable, FR CNRS 3097, Université de La Rochelle, France
| | - Denis Saulnier
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Edwin A, Grundström C, Wai SN, Öhman A, Stier G, Sauer-Eriksson AE. Domain isolation, expression, purification and proteolytic activity of the metalloprotease PrtV from Vibrio cholerae. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 96:39-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
31
|
Liu R, Wang L, Sun Y, Wang L, Zhang H, Song L. A low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP)-like molecule identified from Chlamys farreri participated in immune response against bacterial infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 36:336-343. [PMID: 24345370 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) is a group of important endocytic receptors contributing to binding ligands and maintaining internal environment. In the present study, an LRP-like molecule was identified from Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri (CfLPR), and its mRNA expression profiles, tissue location, and immunology activities were analyzed to explore its possible function in the innate immune system. The ORF of CfLRP was of 1971 bp encoding a polypeptide of 656 amino acids with ten low-density lipoprotein-receptor YWTD (LY) domains and one scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain. It shared similar structure with out-membrane domains of LRP family members in mammalian. The mRNA transcripts of CfLRP were dominantly expressed in hepatopancreas and mantle (P < 0.01), and its mRNA level in hemocytes was up-regulated (P < 0.01) significantly after the stimulations of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN) and β-glucan. Western blotting assay using polyclonal antibody specific for CfLRP revealed that CfLRP was localized in the plasma. The recombinant protein of CfLRP (rCfLRP) could bind acetylated low density lipoprotein (Ac-LDL), metalloprotease SPF1 of Vibrio splendidus and mannan, but could not bind other typical PAMPs such as LPS, PGN, β-glucan and zymosan. Meanwhile, rCfLRP also exhibited strong bacteriostatic activity to Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio anguillarum and V. splendidus. These results indicated that CfLRP could serve as a receptor to recognize and eliminate the invading pathogens, which provided a new implication in the function of LRP-like molecules in invertebrate immunity.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Bacterial Physiological Phenomena
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Western
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Immunity, Innate
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Pectinidae/classification
- Pectinidae/genetics
- Pectinidae/immunology
- Pectinidae/microbiology
- Phylogeny
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Random Allocation
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, LDL/chemistry
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Miyoshi SI. Extracellular proteolytic enzymes produced by human pathogenic vibrio species. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:339. [PMID: 24302921 PMCID: PMC3831164 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria in the genus Vibrio produce extracellular proteolytic enzymes to obtain nutrients via digestion of various protein substrates. However, the enzymes secreted by human pathogenic species have been documented to modulate the bacterial virulence. Several species including Vibrio cholerae and V. vulnificus are known to produce thermolysin-like metalloproteases termed vibriolysin. The vibriolysin from V. vulnificus, a causative agent of serious systemic infection, is a major toxic factor eliciting the secondary skin damage characterized by formation of the hemorrhagic brae. The vibriolysin from intestinal pathogens may play indirect roles in pathogenicity because it can activate protein toxins and hemagglutinin by the limited proteolysis and can affect the bacterial attachment to or detachment from the intestinal surface by degradation of the mucus layer. Two species causing wound infections, V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus, produce another metalloproteases so-called collagenases. Although the detailed pathological roles have not been studied, the collagenase is potent to accelerate the bacterial dissemination through digestion of the protein components of the extracellular matrix. Some species produce cymotrypsin-like serine proteases, which may also affect the bacterial virulence potential. The intestinal pathogens produce sufficient amounts of the metalloprotease at the small intestinal temperature; however, the metalloprotease production by extra-intestinal pathogens is much higher around the body surface temperature. On the other hand, the serine protease is expressed only in the absence of the metalloprotease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Okayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Role of the Vibrio cholerae matrix protein Bap1 in cross-resistance to antimicrobial peptides. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003620. [PMID: 24098113 PMCID: PMC3789753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that are released from Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria can serve as vehicles for the translocation of effectors involved in infectious processes. In this study we have investigated the role of OMVs of the Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor A1552 strain in resistance to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). To assess this potential role, we grew V. cholerae with sub-lethal concentrations of Polymyxin B (PmB) or the AMP LL-37 and analyzed the OMVs produced and their effects on AMP resistance. Our results show that growing V. cholerae in the presence of AMPs modifies the protein content of the OMVs. In the presence of PmB, bacteria release OMVs that are larger in size and contain a biofilm-associated extracellular matrix protein (Bap1). We demonstrated that Bap1 binds to the OmpT porin on the OMVs through the LDV domain of OmpT. In addition, OMVs from cultures incubated in presence of PmB also provide better protection for V. cholerae against LL-37 compared to OMVs from V. cholerae cultures grown without AMPs or in presence of LL-37. Using a bap1 mutant we showed that cross-resistance between PmB and LL-37 involved the Bap1 protein, whereby Bap1 on OMVs traps LL-37 with no subsequent degradation of the AMP. Cholera is an epidemic disease that has killed millions of people and continues to be a major health problem worldwide. The bacterium V. cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, is highly resistant to antimicrobial peptides, which are important effectors of human innate immunity. Moreover, it is well-established that different antimicrobial peptides are able to work in synergy against bacteria. Currently, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the resistance of bacteria toward synergistic effects of antimicrobial peptides. For the first time, we provide a mechanistic explanation for cross-resistance between two antimicrobial peptides: PmB and LL-37. We report that bacteria incubated with PmB produce OMVs containing high levels of the Bap1 protein. We also decipher the mechanism by which Bap1 binds to OMVs isolated from V. cholerae incubated in presence of PmB. Finally, our data demonstrated that Bap1 protein associated with OMVs is able to trap LL-37, thereby increasing the minimum inhibitory concentration of LL-37 against V. cholerae when the bacteria were grown with a sub-lethal concentration of PmB and therefore produced abundant Bap1.
Collapse
|
34
|
Rajpara N, Vinothkumar K, Mohanty P, Singh AK, Singh R, Sinha R, Nag D, Koley H, Kushwaha Bhardwaj A. Synergistic effect of various virulence factors leading to high toxicity of environmental V. cholerae non-O1/ non-O139 isolates lacking ctx gene : comparative study with clinical strains. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76200. [PMID: 24086707 PMCID: PMC3781066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vibrio cholerae non-O1/ non-O139 serogroups have been reported to cause sporadic diarrhoea in humans. Cholera toxins have been mostly implicated for hypersecretion of ions and water into the small intestine. Though most of the V. cholerae non-O1/ non-O139 strains lack these cholera toxins, several other innate virulence factors contribute towards their pathogenicity. The environmental isolates may thus act as reservoirs for potential spreading of these virulence genes in the natural environment which may cause the emergence of epidemic-causing organisms. Results The environmental isolates of vibrios were obtained from water samples, zooplanktons and phytoplanktons, from a village pond in Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. They were confirmed as Vibrio cholerae non-O1/ non-O139 using standard biochemical and serotyping tests. PCR experiments revealed that the isolates lacked ctxA, ctxB, tcpA, zot and ace genes whereas other pathogenicity genes like toxR, rtxC, hlyA, hapA and prtV were detected in these isolates. Compared with epidemic strain V. cholerae O1 El Tor N16961, culture supernatants from most of these isolates caused higher cytotoxicity to HT29 cells and higher hemolytic, hemagglutinin and protease activities. In rabbit ileal loop assays, the environmental isolates showed only 2-4 folds lesser fluid accumulation in comparison to N16961 and a V. cholerae clinical isolate IDH02365 of 2009. Pulsed Field Gel electrophoresis and Random amplification of Polymorphic DNA indicated that these isolates showed considerable diversity and did not share the same clonal lineage even though they were derived from the same water source. All the isolates showed resistance to one or more antibiotics. Conclusion Though these environmental isolates lacked the cholera toxins, they seem to have adopted other survival strategies by optimally utilising a diverse array of several other toxins. The current findings indicate the possibility that these isolates could cause some gastroenteric inflammation when ingested and may serve as progenitors for overt disease-causing organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rajpara
- Department of Human Health and Diseases, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Kittappa Vinothkumar
- Department of Human Health and Diseases, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Priyabrata Mohanty
- Department of Human Health and Diseases, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Arun Kumar Singh
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Ritam Sinha
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
| | - Dhrubajyoti Nag
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
| | - Hemanta Koley
- National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata, India
| | - Ashima Kushwaha Bhardwaj
- Department of Human Health and Diseases, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Edwin A, Rompikuntal P, Björn E, Stier G, Wai SN, Sauer-Eriksson AE. Calcium binding by the PKD1 domain regulates interdomain flexibility in Vibrio cholerae metalloprotease PrtV. FEBS Open Bio 2013; 3:263-70. [PMID: 23905008 PMCID: PMC3722578 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, releases several virulence factors including secreted proteases when it infects its host. These factors attack host cell proteins and break down tissue barriers and cellular matrix components such as collagen, laminin, fibronectin, keratin, elastin, and they induce necrotic tissue damage. The secreted protease PrtV constitutes one virulence factors of V. cholerae. It is a metalloprotease belonging to the M6 peptidase family. The protein is expressed as an inactive, multidomain, 102 kDa pre-pro-protein that undergoes several N- and C-terminal modifications after which it is secreted as an intermediate variant of 81 kDa. After secretion from the bacteria, additional proteolytic steps occur to produce the 55 kDa active M6 metalloprotease. The domain arrangement of PrtV is likely to play an important role in these maturation steps, which are known to be regulated by calcium. However, the molecular mechanism by which calcium controls proteolysis is unknown. In this study, we report the atomic resolution crystal structure of the PKD1 domain from V. cholera PrtV (residues 755–838) determined at 1.1 Å. The structure reveals a previously uncharacterized Ca2+-binding site located near linker regions between domains. Conformational changes in the Ca2+-free and Ca2+-bound forms suggest that Ca2+-binding at the PKD1 domain controls domain linker flexibility, and plays an important structural role, providing stability to the PrtV protein. The PKD1 domain was expressed in E. coli and purified to homogeneity. Purified PKD1 domains are not toxic for human HTC8 cells. The atomic 1.1 Å crystal structure of the PKD1 domain revealed a Ca2+-binding site. Ca2+ binding causes large conformational changes in the N-terminal half of the PKD1 domain. Ca2+ stabilizes the 81 kDa pro-protein outside the bacterial cell, preventing its degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Edwin
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Pramod Rompikuntal
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Erik Björn
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Gunter Stier
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Sun N. Wai
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - A. Elisabeth Sauer-Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
- Corresponding author at: Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden. Tel.: +46 90 7865923; fax: +46 90 7865944.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Johnson CN. Fitness factors in vibrios: a mini-review. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2013; 65:826-851. [PMID: 23306394 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-012-0168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Vibrios are Gram-negative curved bacilli that occur naturally in marine, estuarine, and freshwater systems. Some species include human and animal pathogens, and some vibrios are necessary for natural systems, including the carbon cycle and osmoregulation. Countless in vivo and in vitro studies have examined the interactions between vibrios and their environment, including molecules, cells, whole animals, and abiotic substrates. Many studies have characterized virulence factors, attachment factors, regulatory factors, and antimicrobial resistance factors, and most of these factors impact the organism's fitness regardless of its external environment. This review aims to identify common attributes among factors that increase fitness in various environments, regardless of whether the environment is an oyster, a rabbit, a flask of immortalized mammalian cells, or a planktonic chitin particle. This review aims to summarize findings published thus far to encapsulate some of the basic similarities among the many vibrio fitness factors and how they frame our understanding of vibrio ecology. Factors representing these similarities include hemolysins, capsular polysaccharides, flagella, proteases, attachment factors, type III secretion systems, chitin binding proteins, iron acquisition systems, and colonization factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crystal N Johnson
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu M, Crosa JH. The regulator HlyU, the repeat-in-toxin gene rtxA1, and their roles in the pathogenesis of Vibrio vulnificus infections. Microbiologyopen 2012; 1:502-13. [PMID: 23233275 PMCID: PMC3535394 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
HlyU is a master regulator that plays an essential role in the virulence of the human pathogen Vibrio vulnificus. One of the most noteworthy characteristics of HlyU regulation in this organism is its positive control of the expression of the repeat-in-toxin (RtxA1) gene, one of the most important virulence factors accounting for the fulminating and damaging nature of V. vulnificus infections. In this work, we reviewed the latest studies of RtxA1 in this bacterium and highlight the mechanism of gene regulation of rtxA1 expression by HlyU under a broader gene regulatory network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moqing Liu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Impact of QseBC system in c-di-GMP-dependent quorum sensing regulatory network in a clinical isolate SSU of Aeromonas hydrophila. Microb Pathog 2012; 53:115-24. [PMID: 22664750 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Our earlier studies showed that AhyRI- (AI-1) and LuxS-based (AI-2) quorum sensing (QS) systems were positive and negative regulators of virulence, respectively, in a diarrheal isolate SSU of Aeromonas hydrophila. Recently, we demonstrated that deletion of the QseBC two-component signal transduction system (AI-3 QS in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli) also led to an attenuation of A. hydrophila in a septicemic mouse model of infection, and that interplay exists between AI-1, AI-2, and the second-messenger cyclic-di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) in modulating bacterial virulence. To further explore a network connection between all of the three QS systems in A. hydrophila SSU and their cross talk with c-di-GMP, we overproduced a protein with a GGDEF domain, which increases c-di-GMP levels in bacteria, and studied phenotypes and transcriptional profiling of genes involved in biofilm formation and motility of the wild-type (WT) A. hydrophila and its ΔqseB mutant. Over-expression of the GGDEF domain-encoding gene (aha0701h) resulted in a significantly reduced motility of the WT A. hydrophila similar to that of the ΔqseB mutant. While enhanced protease production was noted in WT A. hydrophila that had increased c-di-GMP, no enzymatic activity was detected in the ΔqseB mutant overexpressing the aha0701h gene. Likewise, denser biofilm formation was noted for WT bacteria when c-di-GMP was overproduced compared to its respective control; however, overproduction of c-di-GMP in the ΔqseB mutant led to reduced biofilm formation, a finding similar to that noted for the parental A. hydrophila strain. These effects on bacterial motility and biofilm formation in the ΔqseB mutant or the mutant with increased c-di-GMP were correlated with altered levels of fleN and vpsT genes. While we noted transcript levels of qseB and qseC genes to be increased in the ahyRI mutant, down-regulation of the ahyR and ahyI genes was observed in the ΔqseB mutant, which correlated with decreased protease activity. Finally, an enhanced virulence of WT A. hydrophila with increased c-di-GMP was noted in a mouse model when compared to findings in the parental strain with vector alone. Overall, we conclude that cross talk between AI-1 and QseBC systems exists in A. hydrophila SSU, and c-di-GMP modulation on QseBC system is dependent on the expression of the AI-1 system.
Collapse
|
39
|
Steukers L, Glorieux S, Vandekerckhove AP, Favoreel HW, Nauwynck HJ. Diverse microbial interactions with the basement membrane barrier. Trends Microbiol 2012; 20:147-55. [PMID: 22300759 PMCID: PMC7127156 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
During primary contact with susceptible hosts, microorganisms face an array of barriers that thwart their invasion process. Passage through the basement membrane (BM), a 50-100-nm-thick crucial barrier underlying epithelia and endothelia, is a prerequisite for successful host invasion. Such passage allows pathogens to reach nerve endings or blood vessels in the stroma and to facilitate spread to internal organs. During evolution, several pathogens have developed different mechanisms to cross this dense matrix of sheet-like proteins. To breach the BM, some microorganisms have developed independent mechanisms, others hijack host cells that are able to transverse the BM (e.g. leukocytes and dendritic cells) and oncogenic microorganisms might even trigger metastatic processes in epithelial cells to penetrate the underlying BM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lennert Steukers
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
An extracellular serine protease produced by Vibrio vulnificus NCIMB 2137, a metalloprotease-gene negative strain isolated from a diseased eel. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 28:1633-9. [PMID: 22805945 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0969-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is a ubiquitous estuarine microorganism but causes fatal systemic infections in immunocompromised humans, cultured eels or shrimps. An extracellular metalloprotease VVP/VvpE has been reported to be a potential virulence factor of the bacterium; however, a few strains isolated from a diseased eel or shrimp were recently found to produce a serine protease termed VvsA, but not VVP/VvpE. In the present study, we found that these strains had lost the 80 kb genomic region including the gene encoding VVP/VvpE. We also purified VvsA from the culture supernatant through ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration and ion-exchange column chromatography, and the enzyme was demonstrated to be a chymotrypsin-like protease, as well as those from some vibrios. The gene vvsA was shown to constitute an operon with a downstream gene vvsB, and several Vibrio species were found to have orthologues of vvsAB. These findings indicate that the genes vvp/vvpE and vvsAB might be mobile genetic elements.
Collapse
|