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Zaka A, Yousaf M, Shahzad S, Rao HZ, Foo JN, Siddiqi S. Structural and functional insights into a novel homozygous missense pathogenic variant in CUL7 identified in consanguineous Pakistani family. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:5092-5103. [PMID: 37345548 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2224889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
3M syndrome is a rare genetic familial disorder characterized by short stature, growth retardation, facial dysmorphism, skeletal abnormalities, fleshy protruding heels, and normal intelligence, caused by mutations in the CUL7, OBSL1 and CCDC8 genes. In the present study, a novel homozygous missense variant of CUL7 (NP_001161842.1, c.4493T > C, p.L1498P) has been identified in a consanguineous Pakistani family by whole exome sequencing. In silico structural evaluation, molecular docking and simulation studies of mutant CUL7 provides substantial evidence about its crucial role in the progression of discussed ailment. The newly discovered variant significantly altered the protein's three dimensional structure, leading to abnormal interaction with binding proteins. This computational and experimental investigation provides useful information to drug developers for the synthesis of novel therapeutics against the discussed ailment.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Zaka
- Genomics Research Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maha Yousaf
- Genomics Research Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen Shahzad
- Genomics Research Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hadi Zahid Rao
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Bahria University Medical and Dental College Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jia Nee Foo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saima Siddiqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Fang D, Li X, Zhang Z, Cai H, Wang L, Yu J, Hu X, Ye B. Clinical profiles and molecular genetic analyses of 98 Chinese children with short statures. Front Genet 2024; 15:1364441. [PMID: 38933926 PMCID: PMC11199712 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1364441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Short stature is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders in children, and its genetic basis is a complex and actively researched subject. Currently, there is limited genetic research on exome sequencing for short stature, and more large-scale studies are necessary for further exploration. Methods The retrospective study entailed investigation of 98 Chinese children with short statures (height SDS ≤ -2.5) of unknown etiologies recruited between 2017 and 2021. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on these patients to identify the potential genetic etiologies. The clinical data were reviewed retrospectively to assess the pathogenicity of the identified mutations. Additionally, 31 patients consented to and received recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy for 12 months. The short-term effects of rhGH treatment were evaluated across different etiologies of patients with short statures. Results The WES results were used to identify 31 different variants in 18 genes among 24 (24.5%) patients. Individuals with more severe short statures were more likely to have underlying genetic etiologies. Short stature accompanied by other phenotypes had significantly higher diagnostic yields than simple severe short stature. The rhGH therapy demonstrated efficacy in most children. Nevertheless, the treatment response was suboptimal in a boy diagnosed with 3M syndrome. Conclusion WES is an important approach for confirming genetic disorders in patients with severe short statures of unknown etiologies, suggesting that it could be used as a primary diagnostic strategy. The administration of rhGH may not be suitable for all children with short statures, and the identification of the genetic cause of short stature by WES has significant guidance value for rhGH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Fang
- Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Xing Li
- Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Hefei Cai
- Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Jiahe Yu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanye Hu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology/Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Ye
- Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
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3
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Karacan Küçükali G, Keskin M, Aycan Z, Savaş-Erdeve Ş, Çetinkaya S. 3M syndrome: Evaluating the clinical and laboratory features and the response of the growth hormone treatment: Single center experience. Eur J Med Genet 2023; 66:104828. [PMID: 37673300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION & OBJECTIVE 3 M Syndrome is a rarely encountered autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by low birth weight, severe postnatal growth deficiency, and minor dysmorphic abnormalities. 3 M-related short stature has been attributed to the resistance to growth hormone (GH) to a certain extent rather than to GH deficiency. The resistance to GH, on the other hand, has been associated with impaired protein scaffolding, transport, and p53-mediated apoptosis at the IGF-1 post-receptor pathway. In this context, the objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical, laboratory, and genetic characteristics of the patients with 3 M syndrome, detect the mutations frequently observed in these patients, and assess their response to GH treatment. MATERIAL&METHODS The sample of this single-center study consisted of patients diagnosed with 3 M syndrome based on genetic tests between 2007 and 2021. Patients' clinic, laboratory, and genetic characteristics pertaining to the time of admission and follow-up were recorded. All patients except one underwent a growth hormone stimulation test (GHST) (Levo-dopa or insulin tolerance test). Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) generation test was performed on those with sufficient GHST results (0.1 mg/kg/day for four days). RESULTS The median age of the patients, five females and three males, was 2.8 (0.25-8.12) years at admission. All but one patient were small for gestational age (SGA). The patient with normal birth weight was the baby of a diabetic mother. Obscurin-like 1 (OBSL1) variant was detected in all cases. The median height standard deviation score (SDS) at admission was -4.94 ((-5.63)- (-3.27)) SDS, and the median midparenteral height SDS was -1.27 SDS ((-3.1)- (0.34)). All patients were prepubertal at admission. The GHST response was sufficient in five cases. IGF generation test was performed in three cases. Seven patients received GH therapy (35-57 μg/kg/day). Five of these patients discontinued GH therapy since their growth velocity (GV) fell below normal during treatment. In addition, one case discontinued GH therapy because her IGF-1 value was>2 SDS, and another case received gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs together with GH therapy. The median age and height SDS of the patients were 10.1 (1.79-18) years and -5.09 SDS ((-7.11)- (2.45)), respectively, as of the last follow-up visit. The height SDS values of the two cases that reached the final height were -7.11 SDS and -3.39 SDS. There were no side effects of GH treatment. CONCLUSION The study findings indicated a good GV during the early stages of the long-term GH treatment administered to patients with 3 M syndrome. However, response to GH therapy decreased in the following years, and the desired improvement in height SDS could not be achieved in patients who reached their final heights. Taken together with the literature data, it has been concluded that initiating GH therapy in the prepubertal period provided better outcomes than after puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülin Karacan Küçükali
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity, Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Melikşah Keskin
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity, Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zehra Aycan
- Ankara University Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şenay Savaş-Erdeve
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity, Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Semra Çetinkaya
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity, Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
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Akella RRD. 3-M syndrome - a primordial short stature disorder with novel CUL7 mutation in two Indian patients. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:399-403. [PMID: 34674409 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cause of short stature in children. CASE PRESENTATION Two children with suspected skeletal dysplasia and short stature were evaluated. CONCLUSIONS The 3-M syndrome is a primordial growth disorder manifesting severe postnatal growth restriction, skeletal anomalies and prominent fleshy heels. The 3-M syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous disorder and the phenotype is similar. This is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with normal intellect. Two affected children have been identified by whole-exome sequencing. One patient harboured a compound heterozygous variant and the other was a homozygous missense variant. The genetic diagnosis helped in counselling the families and facilitated prenatal diagnosis in one (case 1) family.
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Isik E, Arican D, Atik T, Ooi JE, Darcan S, Ozen S, Simsek Kiper PO, Utine E, Cogulu O, Ozkinay F. A rare cause of syndromic short stature: 3M syndrome in three families. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 185:461-468. [PMID: 33258289 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
3M syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by severe growth retardation, dysmorphic facial features, skeletal dysplasia, and normal intelligence. Variants in CUL7, OBSL1, and CCDC8 genes have been reported to be responsible for this syndrome. In this study, the clinical and molecular findings of four 3M syndrome cases from three families are presented. All cases had growth retardation, relative macrocephaly, and typical dysmorphic facial features. Their neurological developments were normal. Sequencing of CUL7, OBSL1, and CCDC8 genes revealed two different novel homozygous variants in CUL7 in Families 1 and 3 and a previously reported homozygous pathogenic variant in OBSL1 in Family 2. In conclusion, a comprehensive dysmorphological evaluation should be obtained in individuals presenting with short stature and in such individuals with typical facial and skeletal findings, 3M syndrome should be considered. Our report expands the genotype of 3M syndrome and emphasizes the importance of thorough physical and dysmorphological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Isik
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Duygu Arican
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tahir Atik
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Joo Enn Ooi
- University of Manchester, School of Medicine, Manchester, UK
| | - Sukran Darcan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Samim Ozen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Eda Utine
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Cogulu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ferda Ozkinay
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Guo L, Feng Z, Jin X, Yin S, Zhang M, Gao Y, Zhang B, Wang H, Liu L. A novel mutation within intron 17 of the CUL7 gene results in appearance of premature termination codon. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 507:23-30. [PMID: 32278698 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A couple with five adverse pregnancy history required prenatal diagnosis. The fetus of this study was their fifth pregnancy. The fetus was found NT thickening at 12 weeks and 4 days gestation and the average long bone of limbs retardation 4SD at 27 weeks and 4 days gestation. Karyotype was normal. The next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing were conducted of this fetus. The compound heterozygous mutations c.3722_3749dup[p.V1252fs*23] and c.3355 + 5 G > A at CUL7 gene were detected. The mutation c.3355 + 5 G > A was a novel mutation within intron 17 of the CUL7 gene. Minigene array was used to verify whether the novel mutation c.3355 + 5 G > A really affected the splicing of CUL7gene. The results showed that the mutation could result in the appearance of premature termination codon. The fetus could be diagnosed as 3 M syndrome. We suggested that close attention needed to be paid to fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction only by ultrasonic and avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of 3 M syndrome. In addition, our study enriched gene mutations of 3 M syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Guo
- Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Zhanqi Feng
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450004, China
| | - Xiaoye Jin
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China; College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Henan Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Hongdan Wang
- Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China; Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China; Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China; College of Forensic Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
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7
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Hu L, Wang X, Jin T, Han Y, Liu J, Jiang M, Yan S, Fu X, An B, Huang S. Identification of two CUL7 variants in two Chinese families with 3-M syndrome by whole-exome sequencing. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23265. [PMID: 32141654 PMCID: PMC7370744 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 3‐M syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by primordial growth retardation, large head circumference, characteristic facial features, and mild skeletal changes, which is associated with the exclusive variants in three genes, namely CUL7, OBSL1, and CCDC8. Only a few 3‐M syndrome patients have been reported in Chinese population. Methods Children with unexplained severe short stature, facial dysmorphism, and normal intelligence in two Chinese families and their relatives were enrolled. Trio‐whole‐exome sequencing (trio‐WES) and pathogenicity prediction analysis were conducted on the recruited patients. A conservative analysis of the mutant amino acid sequences and function prediction analysis of the wild‐type (WT) and mutant CUL7 protein were performed. Results We identified a homozygous missense variant (NM_014780.4: c.4898C > T, p.Thr1633Met) in CUL7 gene in a 6‐month‐old female infant from a non‐consanguineous family, and a homozygous frameshift variant (NM_014780.4: c.3722_3749 dup GGCTGGCACAGCTGCAGCAATGCCTGCA, p. Val1252Glyfs*23) in CUL7 gene in two affected siblings from a consanguinity family. These two variants may affect the properties and structure of CUL7 protein. Conclusion These two rare variants were observed in Chinese population for the first time and have not been reported in the literature. Our findings expand the variant spectrum of 3‐M syndrome in Chinese population and provide valuable insights into the early clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of 3‐M syndrome for pediatricians and endocrinologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hu
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Xike Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Tingting Jin
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Minmin Jiang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Shujuan Yan
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoling Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Bangquan An
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Shengwen Huang
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
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8
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Abstract
BACKGROUND 3-M syndrome is an uncommon disease characterized by severe growth retardation, dysmorphic features, and skeletal abnormalities. Radiographic images may show delayed bone maturation long slender tubular bones, and tall vertebral bodies. Due to the inheritance mode of 3-M syndrome disease, early diagnosis is vital for genetic counseling. CASE REPORT In this case report, we present the case of a 3-year-old male patient who was referred to our clinic for development assessment due to delayed development, particularly speech, who had clinical outcomes of 3-M syndrome. CONCLUSIONS The aim of the case report is to add this new patient to the literature on 3-M syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz HabibUllah
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raidah Al-Baradie
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Bashir
- Department of Neurolphysiology, Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Keskin M, Muratoğlu Şahin N, Kurnaz E, Bayramoğlu E, Savaş Erdeve Ş, Aycan Z, Çetinkaya S. A Rare Cause of Short Stature: 3M Syndrome in a Patient with Novel Mutation in OBSL1 Gene. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2017; 9:91-94. [PMID: 27796265 PMCID: PMC5363173 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.3238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Miller-McKusick-Malvaux (3M) syndrome is a rare autosomal disorder that can lead to short stature, dysmorphic features, and skeletal abnormalities with normal intelligence. A 16-month-old female patient had been referred to our clinic due to short stature. Case history revealed a birth weight of 1740 grams on the 39th week of gestation, with a birth length of 42 cm and no prior hereditary conditions of clinical significance in her family. On physical examination, her length was 67 cm [-3.6 standard deviation (SD) score], weight 7.2 kg (-2.9 SD score), and head circumference 42 cm (below 3rd percentile). She also had numerous characteristic physical features such as a triangular face, fleshy nose tip, a long philtrum, prominent mouth and lips, pointed chin, lumbar lordosis, and prominent heels. As her growth retardation had a prenatal onset and the physical examination results were suggestive of a characteristic profile, the diagnosis of 3M syndrome was strongly considered. Genetic assessment of the patient revealed a novel homozygous p.T425Nfs*40 [corrected] mutation in the OBSL1 gene. It is recommended that physicians pay further attention to this condition in the differential diagnosis of children with severe short stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melikşah Keskin
- Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey Phone: +90 312 305 65 11 E-mail:
| | - Nursel Muratoğlu Şahin
- Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erdal Kurnaz
- Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elvan Bayramoğlu
- Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şenay Savaş Erdeve
- Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zehra Aycan
- Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Semra Çetinkaya
- Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
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2D and 3D Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Fetal Midface Hypoplasia in Two Cases with 3-M Syndrome. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2016; 76:814-818. [PMID: 27453585 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-105285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper highlights the utility of 2D and 3D ultrasonography in the prenatal diagnosis of facial dysmorphisms suggestive of very rare syndromes such as 3-M syndrome. Two pregnant women at risk for fetal skeletal dysplasias were referred to our clinic for 2D/3D ultrasound scan in the second trimester of pregnancy. Only one of the patients had a familial history of 3-M syndrome. Karyotyping and genetic testing of abortion material were performed in both cases. 2D ultrasonography revealed growth retardation of the long bones in both cases. In the case without a familial history of the syndrome, 2D and 3D ultrasonography showed an absence of nasal bones and a flat malar region suggestive of 3-M syndrome, although the difficult differential diagnosis included other dysmorphic growth disorders with prenatal onset. The karyotype was normal but the pregnancy was terminated in both cases. Postmortem examination confirmed 3-M syndrome as indicated by prenatal findings. In high-risk cases with a familial history of 3-M syndrome, prenatal diagnosis of 3-M syndrome is possible by analyzing fetal DNA. In the absence of risk, a definitive prenatal diagnosis is often not possible but may be suspected in the presence of shortened long bones, normal head size and typical flattened malar region (midface hypoplasia) shown on complementary 2D and 3D sonograms. 2D and 3D ultrasonography has been shown to offer reliable information for the prenatal study of skeletal and facial anomalies and can be useful if there is a suspicion of 3-M syndrome in a pregnancy not known to be at risk.
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11
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Kumar MH, Kumar MS, Kumar VS, Kumar SH. An adult with 3-M syndrome. BMJ Case Rep 2015; 2015:bcr-2015-211429. [PMID: 26187869 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2015-211429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Hari Kumar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Radiology, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Tirunelvelli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Siva Kumar
- Maxillo Facial, Doctor Kamalkanadasan Dental Clinic, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Deeb A, Afandi O, Attia S, Fatih AE. 3-M syndrome: a novel CUL7 mutation associated with respiratory distress and a good response to GH therapy. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2015; 2015:150012. [PMID: 25945256 PMCID: PMC4418346 DOI: 10.1530/edm-15-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
3-M syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the CUL7, OBSL1 and CCDC8 genes. It is characterised by growth failure, dysmorphic features and skeletal abnormalities. Data in the literature show variable efficacy of GH in the treatment of short stature. We report four Emirati siblings with the condition. The index case is a 10-year-old boy with characteristic features, including prenatal and postnatal growth failure, a triangular face, a long philtrum, full lips and prominent heels. Genetic testing confirmed a novel mutation (p.val88Ala) in the CUL7 gene. The parents are healthy, first-degree cousins with nine children, of whom two died in the first year of life with respiratory failure. Both had low birth weight and growth retardation. The boy's older sibling reached an adult height of 117 cm (−6.71 SDS). She was never treated with GH. He was started on GH treatment at 7 years of age, when his height was 94 cm (−5.3 SDS). 3-M syndrome should be considered in children with short stature who have associated dysmorphism and skeletal abnormalities. The diagnosis is more likely to occur in families that have a history of consanguinity and more than one affected sibling. Death in early infancy due to respiratory failure is another clue to the diagnosis, which might have a variable phenotype within a family. Genetic testing is important for confirming the diagnosis and for genetic counselling. GH treatment might be beneficial in improving stature in affected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Deeb
- Paediatric Endocrinology Department, Mafraq Hospital , PO Box 2951, Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates
| | - O Afandi
- Medical School, Gulf University , Ajman , United Arab Emirates
| | - S Attia
- Paediatric Endocrinology Department, Mafraq Hospital , PO Box 2951, Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates
| | - A El Fatih
- Biochemistry Laboratory Department, Shaikh Khalifa Medical Center, Mafraq Hospital , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates
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13
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Anaesthesia and orphan disease: the child with 3M syndrome. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2012; 29:598-600. [PMID: 23080434 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0b013e32835a9a6c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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