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Chaney RA, Baer A, Tovar LI. Gender-Based Heat Map Images of Campus Walking Settings: A Reflection of Lived Experience. VIOLENCE AND GENDER 2024; 11:35-42. [PMID: 38516062 PMCID: PMC10951437 DOI: 10.1089/vio.2023.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Fear of crime can influence our view of and experience with the world around us. This can be problematic for individuals seeking physical activity, including from walk commuting. Prior work shows fear is especially evident among women, who report fear of rape and sexual abuse by men as a primary concern. We present the results of a cross-sectional survey (n = 571) where participants were shown images from college campus (n = 4 campuses) depicting different lighting (daytime, nighttime), and entrapment levels (high, low; i.e., able to easily escape if needed, with high entrapment being difficult and low being easy), and using the Qualtrics heat map tool, selected features that stood out to them most. Data were segregated by gender and analyzed to determine similarity of heat maps for the same base image. Heat map images were analyzed using canonical correlation (Rc) to determine the relationship between the two groups; dispersion testing to decipher spatial uniformity within the images; the Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) to characterize the nature of image patterns differences; and, the Breslow-Day Test to specify pattern locations within images. Several heat map images are also presented in the results. Overall, female and male participants appear to "see" different things when imagining walk-commuting (as seen by poor Rc values) and the nature of what they were looking at were different (as seen by poor SSIM values). Female participants tended to focus on areas outside the walking path, such as bushes and dark areas, whereas men's focus was on the path ahead [χ2(1) = 4.29, p = 0.04]. Furthermore, women were more likely to select areas outside the walking path during high entrapment settings [χ2(1) = 15.49, p < 0.001] and at nighttime [χ2(1) = 4.98, p = 0.02]. Our study demonstrates point-of-view differences in female-male walking space assessments. Viewing walking safety through the lens of lived experience could be productive for holistic community walking safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Chaney
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Alyssa Baer
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - L. Ida Tovar
- Division of Public Health, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Kim SJ, Blesoff JR, Tussing-Humphrys L, Fitzgibbon ML, Peterson CE. The association between neighborhood conditions and weight loss among older adults living in a large urban city. J Behav Med 2023; 46:882-889. [PMID: 37000323 PMCID: PMC10544679 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-023-00410-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the role of neighborhood walkability and crime on weight loss, we examined data from older adults residing in Chicago who participated in a randomized controlled trial lifestyle intervention. Controlling for individual demographic characteristics and the intervention assignment, the neighborhood homicide rate was significantly associated with weight change. Participants who resided in neighborhoods above the 50th percentile of homicide rate actually gained weight between pre- and post-intervention. On the other hand, there was no significant relationship between the level of walkability and weight loss. Our findings suggest that the social environment related to neighborhood crime may play a more important role in weight loss than the built environment, such as walkability. Urban characteristics related to walkability, such as sidewalks, may increase physical activity, however, interventions aiming to increase physical activity to promote weight loss will benefit by addressing the neighborhood social environment that determines how people navigate space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sage J Kim
- School of Public Health, Division of Health Policy & Administration, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1603 W. Taylor St. #781, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Jamine R Blesoff
- School of Public Health, Division of Health Policy & Administration, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1603 W. Taylor St. #781, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Lisa Tussing-Humphrys
- College of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Marian L Fitzgibbon
- Pediatrics and Health Policy and Administration, Associate Director for Population Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, UI Cancer Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Caryn E Peterson
- School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
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Hsu SC, Chen KY, Lin CP, Su WH. Knowledge Development Trajectories of Crime Prevention Domain: An Academic Study Based on Citation and Main Path Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10616. [PMID: 36078333 PMCID: PMC9518402 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study performed main path analysis to explore the academic field of crime prevention. Studies were collected from the Web of Science database, and main path analysis was used to analyze the studies and identify influential authors and journals on the basis of the g-index and h-index. Cluster analysis was then performed to group studies with related themes. Wordle was used to output keywords and word clouds for each cluster, both of which were used as reference to name each cluster. Five clusters were identified, namely crime displacement control, crime prevention through environmental design, developmental crime prevention, the effects of communalism on crime prevention, and the effect of childhood sexual abuse on crime. Each cluster was analyzed, and suggestions based on the results are provided. The main purpose of crime prevention is to advance our understanding of the psychological criminal mechanisms (i.e., personal, social and environmental impacts) associated with different criminal behaviors at the intersection of law by using main path analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Chia Hsu
- College of Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ying Chen
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ping Lin
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hao Su
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
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Roman CG, Klein HJ, Harding CS, Koehnlein JM, Coaxum V. Postinjury Engagement With the Police and Access to Care Among Victims of Violent Street Crime: Does Criminal History Matter? JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:1637-1661. [PMID: 32486885 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520922520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study examines whether victims of violent street crimes who are known to the police as past offenders, when compared with victims with no arrest history, have different outcomes related to receipt of victim and health-related services, while taking into consideration whether or not police responded to the victimization incident. The sample is comprised of 103 men and women between the age of 18 and 40 living in one Mid-Atlantic city who were victims of street violence within the year before study recruitment. Logistic regression was used to assess the impact of police response to the victimization incident on receipt of victim services, and receipt of victim services on engagement with counseling and mental health services. The results show that prior arrests were not associated with receipt of services. However, having police officers respond to the victimization was associated with higher odds of receiving victim services, and in turn, victim services were associated with receiving mental health treatment. Police response appears to set victims on a path to accessing services. Although the number of arrests was not associated with service receipt, a small percentage of victims who did not receive services stated they were reluctant to cooperate with the police, thus limiting their opportunity for victim services. Because most victims who did not access victim services did not know that they existed, policies that promote more knowledge of and initial engagement with victim services could improve access to needed health and mental health services.
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Active Aging through Volunteerism: A Longitudinal Assessment of Perceived Neighborhood Safety as a Predictor among Older Adults, 2008-2018. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5185264. [PMID: 34778451 PMCID: PMC8578694 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5185264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Volunteering can play an important role in active aging. The resource theory of volunteering posits that volunteerism depends on human, social, and cultural capital. Benefits of volunteering have been documented at the micro-, meso-, and macrolevels, positively affecting individual older people as well as their local communities and society at large. Taking a process-oriented theoretical approach, this study focused on the mesolevel factor of the environment with the purpose of determining the relationship between perceived neighborhood safety and volunteerism over the course of a decade and the extent to which this relationship differs by gender and race. Longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study in the United States of America between 2008 and 2018 were used (N = 72,319 adults 60 years and older). Generalized estimating equations (GEE) with robust standard errors were employed while controlling for a number of covariates. A third of the sample volunteered in the past year (33%). The probability of volunteering among older adults who rated their perceived neighborhood safety as excellent was greater compared with those who rated their perceived neighborhood safety as fair/poor after controlling for all other model covariates (ME: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.05). Among males rating their perceived neighborhood safety as excellent, the probability of volunteering was higher (ME: 0.04, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.07). Among females, the probability of volunteering was higher among those who perceived their neighborhood safety to be excellent (ME: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.05) or very good (ME: 0.02, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.04). White respondents who rated their neighborhood safety as excellent (ME: 0.05, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.07) or very good (ME: 0.04, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.06) had a higher probability of volunteerism. Results were not significant among Black respondents and those who described their race as “other.” This study's process-oriented theoretical approach indicates that initiatives aimed at improving neighborhood safety and older adults' perceptions of neighborhood safety could increase social capital and lead older adults to engage in more volunteering, providing benefits at micro-, meso-, and macrolevels—to older individuals, their local communities, and society at large.
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López-Contreras N, Puig-Barrachina V, Vives A, Olave-Müller P, Gotsens M. Effects of an urban regeneration program on related social determinants of health in Chile: A pre-post intervention study. Health Place 2021; 68:102511. [PMID: 33486330 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Urban regeneration programs, such as "Programa Quiero mi Barrio" (PQMB) that is carried out in neighborhoods with greater deprivation across Chile, can improve health and quality of life in socio-economically deprived neighborhoods. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of this program on the physical, social, and safety environments of neighborhoods intervened between 2011 and 2018, according to gender and socioeconomic position. Four indices and six sub-indices were constructed to measure physical, social, and safety environments of the neighborhoods. We conducted a pre- and post-intervention analysis with 2095 people using linear models adjusted for repeated measurements. After the intervention, participants had an improved perception of physical, social, and safety environments, as well as the use of spaces, particularly among women and people with higher levels of education. Therefore, the PQMB program is a form of public policy that can improve the quality of life and health of people living in underprivileged areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia López-Contreras
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Alejandra Vives
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable, CEDEUS, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Paola Olave-Müller
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Mercè Gotsens
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.
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Latham-Mintus K, Vowels A, Chavan S. Neighborhood Disorder, Social Ties, and Preventive Healthcare Utilization among Urban-Dwelling Older Adults. J Aging Health 2020; 32:1387-1398. [PMID: 32571111 DOI: 10.1177/0898264320929544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: This research examines whether perceived neighborhood disorder influences the use of preventive healthcare services (i.e. influenza vaccine, pneumonia vaccine, cholesterol screening, colonoscopy, and dental care) by older adults and whether social ties buffer the potential adverse effects of perceived neighborhood disorder. Methods: Using data from the 2012 wave of the Health and Retirement Study, binary logistic regression was used to generate odds ratio estimates of preventive healthcare use in the past 2 years. Results: We find that greater levels of neighborhood disorder were associated with fewer dental care visits net of social and health factors. Regular participation in four or more social activities was associated with decreased odds of restricted use and increased odds of receiving a pneumonia vaccine and colonoscopy. Discussion: This research provides evidence that perceived neighborhood disorder may act as a barrier for specific preventive healthcare services and highlights the need for targeted intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Swapnali Chavan
- 10668Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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8
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Abstract
Abstract
Previous research shows the benefits of volunteerism to individuals and communities. The purpose of this study was to determine whether lower perceived neighbourhood safety is associated with reduced volunteerism and whether this association differs by sex. Data from the 2008 Health and Retirement Study in the United States of America were used (N = 13,009 adults 60 years and older). Multivariate logistic regression models were estimated to assess the association between perceived neighbourhood safety and volunteerism while controlling for potential confounders. Perceived neighbourhood safety was associated with volunteering. The odds of volunteering were higher for those rating their perceived neighbourhood safety as excellent compared with those rating their perceived neighbourhood safety as fair/poor. Those rating their perceived neighbourhood safety as very good also had greater odds of volunteering than those rating their perceived neighbourhood safety as fair/poor. Results differed somewhat by gender. Men who perceived their neighbourhood safety as excellent had increased odds of volunteering. The association of neighbourhood safety with volunteerism was significant for women rating their perceived neighbourhood safety as excellent or very good. Among men, being married was associated with increased odds of volunteering; being completely or partly retired was associated with increased odds of volunteering among women. Initiatives aimed at improving older adults’ perceptions of safety would help improve volunteerism, which is beneficial to both older adults and communities.
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Using street view data and machine learning to assess how perception of neighborhood safety influences urban residents' mental health. Health Place 2019; 59:102186. [PMID: 31400645 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that perceptions of neighborhood safety are associated with various mental health outcomes. However, scant attention has been paid to the mediating pathways by which perception of neighborhood safety affects mental health. In addition, most previous studies have evaluated perception of neighborhood safety with questionnaires or field audits, both of which are labor-intensive and time-consuming. This study is the first attempt to measure perception of neighborhood safety using street view data and a machine learning approach. Four potential mediating pathways linking perception of neighborhood safety to mental health were explored for 1029 participants from 35 neighborhoods of Guangzhou, China. The results of multilevel regression models confirm that perception of neighborhood safety is positively associated with mental health. More importantly, physical activity, social cohesion, stress and life satisfaction mediate this relationship. The results of a moderation analysis suggest that the beneficial effects of physical activity and social cohesion on mental health are strengthened by a perception of neighborhood safety. Our findings suggest the need to increase residents' perception of neighborhood safety to maintain mental health in urban areas of China.
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Why Some Walk and Others Don't: Neighborhood Safety and the Sociodemographic Variation Effect on Walking for Leisure and Transportation. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE 2019; 26:E24-E32. [PMID: 30969276 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000000992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study was aimed at assessing the association of all components of safety (crime, traffic, social, and physical) and general safety with walking for leisure and transportation among Iranian adults. In this regard, sociodemographic factors as potential effect modifiers on walking behavior and the association of neighborhood safety with the level of walking were explored. METHOD A total of 1300 questionnaires were distributed among respondents residing in 8 neighborhoods in Bandar Abbas city, among which 1132 qualified for use in further analysis. Using a binary logistic regression method, differences in walking behavior and perceived safety to walk were evaluated across sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS The results showed that the walking rate is higher among older adults, married people, and adults with lower education and a higher length of residency. An increase in neighborhood safety from crime, traffic, social disorders, and overall safety associates with increased leisure walking among all populations. Further, overall neighborhood safety and safety from crime and traffic positively correlate with the level of transportation walking among all respondents. For both types of walking, this association varies in sociodemographic groups. CONCLUSION The study suggests that an increase in the safety of a neighborhood contributes to a higher level of leisure and transportation walking; however, it varies in different subgroups. This study provides the knowledge needed to consider all aspects of neighborhood safety to measure walking behavior level.
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Neighborhood Disadvantage and Physical Function: The Contributions of Neighborhood-Level Perceptions of Safety From Crime and Walking for Recreation. J Phys Act Health 2018; 15:553-563. [DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2017-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Powell-Wiley TM, Wong MS, Adu-Brimpong J, Brown ST, Hertenstein DL, Zenkov E, Ferguson MC, Thomas S, Sampson D, Ahuja C, Rivers J, Lee BY. Simulating the Impact of Crime on African American Women's Physical Activity and Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:2149-2155. [PMID: 29086471 PMCID: PMC5705259 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to quantify the impact of crime on physical activity location accessibility, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), and obesity among African American women. METHODS An agent-based model was developed in 2016 to represent resource-limited Washington, DC, communities and their populations to simulate the impact of crime on LTPA and obesity among African American women under different circumstances. RESULTS Data analysis conducted between 2016 and 2017 found that in the baseline scenario, African American women had a 25% probability of exercising. Reducing crime so more physical activity locations were accessible (increasing from 10% to 50%) decreased the annual rise in obesity prevalence by 2.69%. Increasing the probability of African American women to exercise to 37.5% further increased the impact of reducing crime on obesity (2.91% annual decrease in obesity prevalence). CONCLUSIONS These simulations showed that crime may serve as a barrier to LTPA. Reducing crime and increasing propensity to exercise through multilevel interventions (i.e., economic development initiatives to increase time available for physical activity and subsidized health care) may promote greater than linear declines in obesity prevalence. Crime prevention strategies alone can help prevent obesity, but combining such efforts with other ways to encourage physical activity can yield even greater benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health 10 Center Dr. Building 10-CRC, MSC 4154, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Michelle S. Wong
- Global Obesity Prevention Center (GOPC) at Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205 USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205 USA
| | - Joel Adu-Brimpong
- National Institutes of Health Undergraduate Scholarship Program, Office of Intramural Training and Education, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr. Building 10-CRC, MSC 4154, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Shawn T. Brown
- Global Obesity Prevention Center (GOPC) at Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205 USA
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205 USA
- Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC) at Carnegie Mellon University, 300 Craig Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213 USA
| | - Daniel L. Hertenstein
- Global Obesity Prevention Center (GOPC) at Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205 USA
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205 USA
| | - Eli Zenkov
- Global Obesity Prevention Center (GOPC) at Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205 USA
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205 USA
- Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC) at Carnegie Mellon University, 300 Craig Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213 USA
| | - Marie C Ferguson
- Global Obesity Prevention Center (GOPC) at Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205 USA
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205 USA
| | - Samantha Thomas
- National Institutes of Health Undergraduate Scholarship Program, Office of Intramural Training and Education, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr. Building 10-CRC, MSC 4154, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Dana Sampson
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health 10 Center Dr. Building 10-CRC, MSC 4154, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Chaarushi Ahuja
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health 10 Center Dr. Building 10-CRC, MSC 4154, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Joshua Rivers
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health 10 Center Dr. Building 10-CRC, MSC 4154, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Bruce Y. Lee
- Global Obesity Prevention Center (GOPC) at Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205 USA
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205 USA
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Perceived Neighborhood Safety Is Associated with Poor Sleep Health among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men in Paris, France. J Urban Health 2017; 94:399-407. [PMID: 28439769 PMCID: PMC5481216 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-017-0148-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have examined sleep health among men who have sex with men (MSM), but no studies have examined associations of neighborhood characteristics and sleep health among this population. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between perceived neighborhood safety and sleep health among a sample of MSM in Paris, France. We placed broadcast advertisements on a popular smartphone application for MSM in October 2016 to recruit users in the Paris (France) metropolitan area (n = 580). Users were directed to complete a web-based survey, including previously used items measuring perceptions of neighborhood safety, validated measures of sleep health, and socio-demographics. Modified Poisson models were used to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between perceived neighborhood safety and the following outcomes: (1) poor sleep quality, (2) short sleep duration, and (3) self-reported sleep problems. Poor sleep health was common in our sample; e.g., 30.1% reported poor sleep quality and 44.7% reported problems falling asleep. In multivariate regression models, perceived neighborhood safety was associated with poor sleep quality, short sleep duration, and having sleep problems. For example, reporting living in a neighborhood perceived as unsafe during the daytime (vs. safe) was associated with poor sleep quality (aRR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.01, 2.52), short sleep duration (aRR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.26, 2.94), problems falling asleep (aRR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.17, 2.11), and problems staying awake in the daytime (aRR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.05, 4.43). Interventions to increase neighborhood safety may improve sleep health among MSM.
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Neighborhood Factors and Fall-Related Injuries among Older Adults Seen by Emergency Medical Service Providers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14020163. [PMID: 28208748 PMCID: PMC5334717 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Falls are serious health problems among older adults, and are the leading cause of fatal and nonfatal injuries treated by emergency medical services (EMS). Although considerable research has examined the risk factors of falls at the individual level, relatively few studies have addressed the risk factors at the neighborhood level. This study examines the characteristics of neighborhood environments associated with fall injuries reported to EMS providers. A total of 13,163 EMS records from 2011 to 2014 involving adults aged 65 and older in the city of San Antonio (TX, USA) were analyzed at the census tract level (n = 264). Negative binomial regression was used to identify significant census tract-based neighborhood environmental variables associated with the count of fall injuries in each census tract. Adjusting for exposure variable and the size of the census tract, neighborhoods with higher residential stability, captured as the percent of those who lived in the same house as the previous year were associated with decreased count of fall injuries. Neighborhoods with higher residential density and having a higher vacancy rate were associated with increased count of fall injuries. The study highlights the importance of stable and safe neighborhoods in reducing fall risks among older adults, which should be considered a prerequisite for promoting age-friendly environments.
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Bias TK, Abildso CG. Measuring policy and related effects of a health impact assessment related to connectivity. Prev Med 2017; 95S:S92-S94. [PMID: 27509869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Health Impact Assessments are an important tool to help policymakers perceive the potential positive and negative contributions of decisions to public health. While they have been increasingly used in the United States, studies have not examined intermediate effects. Using key stakeholder interviews, this manuscript examines policy outcomes and other related effects of the HIA 21months after completing a Health Impact Assessment Report around connectivity policy. Further, it reflects on the measurement of these effects as part of the monitoring and evaluation stage of the Health Impact Assessment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K Bias
- Department of Health Policy, Management, and Leadership, West Virginia University, United States.
| | - Christiaan G Abildso
- Department of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, West Virginia University, United States
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Morrel-Samuels S, Bacallao M, Brown S, Bower M, Zimmerman M. Community Engagement in Youth Violence Prevention: Crafting Methods to Context. J Prim Prev 2017; 37:189-207. [PMID: 26965101 PMCID: PMC4824830 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-016-0428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the Youth Violence Prevention Centers (YVPC) Program at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is to reduce youth violence in defined high-risk communities through the implementation and evaluation of comprehensive, evidence based prevention strategies. Within this common framework, each YVPC varies in its structure and methods, however all engage communities in multiple ways. We explore aspects of community engagement employed by three centers that operate in very different contexts: a rural county in North Carolina; a suburban area of Denver, Colorado; and an urban setting in Flint, Michigan. While previous research has addressed theories supporting community involvement in youth violence prevention, there has been less attention to the implementation challenges of achieving and sustaining participation. In three case examples, we describe the foci and methods for community engagement in diverse YVPC sites and detail the barriers and facilitating factors that have influenced implementation. Just as intervention programs may need to be adapted in order to meet the needs of specific populations, methods of community engagement must be tailored to the context in which they occur. We discuss case examples of community engagement in areas with varying geographies, histories, and racial and ethnic compositions. Each setting presents distinct challenges and opportunities for conducting collaborative violence prevention initiatives and for adapting engagement methods to diverse communities. Although approaches may vary depending upon local contexts, there are certain principles that appear to be common across cultures and geography: trust, transparency, communication, commitment. We also discuss the importance of flexibility in community engagement efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Morrel-Samuels
- School of Public Health, Michigan Youth Violence Prevention Center, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA.
| | - Martica Bacallao
- North Carolina Center for Excellence in Youth Violence Prevention, The University of Kansas, Twente Hall, Lawrence, KS, 66045-3129, USA
| | - Shelli Brown
- Colorado Academic Center for Excellence in Youth Violence Prevention, University of Colorado, Boulder, 1440 15th St., Boulder, CO, 80302, USA
| | - Meredith Bower
- North Carolina Center for Excellence in Youth Violence Prevention, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 325 Pittsboro St., Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Marc Zimmerman
- School of Public Health, Michigan Youth Violence Prevention Center, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA
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Latham K, Clarke PJ. Neighborhood Disorder, Perceived Social Cohesion, and Social Participation Among Older Americans: Findings From the National Health & Aging Trends Study. J Aging Health 2016; 30:3-26. [DOI: 10.1177/0898264316665933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This research explores whether physical neighborhood disorder or perceived social cohesion is associated with participation in social activities among older Americans (age 65+). Method: Using the first wave of the National Health & Aging Trends Study (NHATS; N = 6,383), a series of logistic regression models were created to assess the odds of participation. Results: Low social cohesion was associated with decreased odds of visiting friends and family (odds ratio [OR] = 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.52, 0.82]) and participating in organizations (OR = 0.68; 95% CI = [0.53, 0.88]). Presence of neighborhood disorder was associated with decreased odds of visiting friends and family (OR = 0.62; 95% CI = [0.47, 0.82]), participating in organizations (OR = 0.66; 95% CI = [0.48, 0.89]), and going out for enjoyment (OR = 0.68; 95% CI = [0.53, 0.86]). Physical capacity and activity value moderated the relationship between neighborhood disorder/cohesion and attending religious services. Discussion: Improving neighborhood disorder and social cohesion may increase social participation among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzie Latham
- Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, USA
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Won J, Lee C, Forjuoh SN, Ory MG. Neighborhood safety factors associated with older adults' health-related outcomes: A systematic literature review. Soc Sci Med 2016; 165:177-186. [PMID: 27484353 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Neighborhood safety is important for older adults' health and wellbeing, but there has not been a synthesis in the literature of what is currently known about this construct. OBJECTIVES This systematic literature review, following the PRISMA guidelines, focuses on identifying neighborhood safety factors associated with health-related outcomes and behaviors of older adults in the U.S. METHODS A search was conducted in 2014 via Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, SportDis, and Transportation Databases. Based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria, we identified thirty-two articles for review. RESULTS Sixteen studies examined health outcomes such as health status, mental health, physical function, morbidity/mortality, and obesity; the other sixteen studies focused on health behaviors, such as physical activity and walking. Four domains of neighborhood safety were identified: overall/general neighborhood safety; crime-related safety; traffic-related safety; and proxies for safety (e.g., vandalism, graffiti). Overall/general neighborhood safety appeared most relevant to mental health and physical function. Traffic-related safety was most pertinent to physical activity, while crime-related safety was more consistently associated with mental health and walking. While all safety variables were significantly associated with mental health, no significant associations were found for obesity. We also found that specific measures or constructs of safety were not applied consistently across the examined studies, making it difficult to compare the results. CONCLUSION This review identified several important gaps in the existing studies dealing with neighborhood safety-health relationships among older adults. Further studies are needed that examine the different roles of multidimensional neighborhood safety in promoting the community health, not only in the U.S., but globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoong Won
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, 3137 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-3137, USA.
| | - Chanam Lee
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, 3137 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-3137, USA.
| | - Samuel N Forjuoh
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, Texas A&M HSC College of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Santa Fe - Century Square, 1402 West Ave H, Temple, TX 76504-5342, USA; Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences, Texas A&M HSC School of Public Health, TAMU 1266, College Station, TX, 77843-1266, USA.
| | - Marcia G Ory
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences, Texas A&M HSC School of Public Health, TAMU 1266, College Station, TX, 77843-1266, USA.
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Broyles ST, Myers CA, Drazba KT, Marker AM, Church TS, Newton RL. The Influence of Neighborhood Crime on Increases in Physical Activity during a Pilot Physical Activity Intervention in Children. J Urban Health 2016; 93:271-8. [PMID: 26951242 PMCID: PMC4835351 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-016-0033-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine whether neighborhood crime moderated the response (increases in steps) to a pilot intervention to increase physical activity in children. Twenty-seven insufficiently active children aged 6-10 years (mean age = 8.7 years; 56 % female; 59 % African American) were randomly assigned to an intensive intervention group (IIG) or minimal intervention group (MIG). Change in average daily number of steps from baseline was regressed against an index of neighborhood crime in a multilevel repeated-measures model that included a propensity score to reduce confounding. Safer neighborhoods were associated with higher increases in steps during the pilot intervention (interaction p = 0.008). Children in the IIG living in low-crime neighborhoods significantly increased their physical activity (5275 ± 1040 steps/day) while those living in high-crime neighborhoods did not (1118 ± 1007) (p for difference = 0.046). In the IIG, the increase in daily steps was highly correlated with neighborhood crime (r = 0.58, p = 0.04). These findings suggest the need for physical activity interventions to account for participants' environments in their design and/or delivery. To promote healthy behaviors in less-supportive environments, future studies should seek to understand how environments modify intervention response and to identify mediators of the relationship between environment and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie T Broyles
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
| | - Candice A Myers
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Kathryn T Drazba
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Arwen M Marker
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Timothy S Church
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Robert L Newton
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
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Schuch L, Curtis JW, Curtis A, Hudson C, Wuensch H, Sampsell M, Wiles E, Infantino M, Davis AJ. Breaking Out of Surveillance Silos: Integrative Geospatial Data Collection for Child Injury Risk and Active School Transport. J Urban Health 2016; 93:36-52. [PMID: 26666248 PMCID: PMC4794455 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-015-0006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The preponderance of active school transport (AST) and child injury research has occurred independently, yet they are inherently related. This is particularly true in urban areas where the environmental context of AST may pose risks to safety. However, it can be difficult to make these connections due to the often segregated nature in which these veins of research operate. Spatial video presents a geospatial approach for simultaneous data collection related to both issues. This article reports on a multi-sector pilot project among researchers, a children's hospital, and a police department, using spatial video to map child AST behaviors; a geographic information system (GIS) is used to analyze these data in the environmental context of child pedestrian injury and community violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schuch
- GIS Health & Hazards Lab, Department of Geography, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Jacqueline W Curtis
- GIS Health & Hazards Lab, Department of Geography, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.
| | - Andrew Curtis
- GIS Health & Hazards Lab, Department of Geography, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | - Erika Wiles
- Akron (OH) Police Department, Akron, OH, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Davis
- School of Sport Science & Wellness Education, College of Health Professions, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
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21
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The epidemiological transition and the global childhood obesity epidemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY SUPPLEMENTS 2015; 5:S3-8. [PMID: 27152182 DOI: 10.1038/ijosup.2015.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Childhood obesity is now recognized as a global public health issue. Social patterning of obesity, consistent with the theory of epidemiologic transition, has not been well described in children, and the limited research has focused on developed settings. The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between childhood obesity and household income using objective measures of adiposity and to explore how this relationship differs across levels of country human development. METHODS The International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE) was a multi-national cross-sectional study conducted in 12 urban/suburban study sites that represented all inhabited continents and wide ranges of development. ISCOLE collected objectively measured height, body mass and percentage body fat in 7341 10-year-old children. Multi-level random-effects models were used to examine income gradients in several obesity measures. RESULTS The mean age of the children was 10.4 years, and 12.6% were obese, ranging from 5.4% (Finland) to 23.8% (China). For both boys and girls, obesity prevalence, body fat percentage and body mass index (BMI) z-score increased linearly with higher income at lower levels of development (all P for trend ⩽0.0012), but decreased linearly with higher income at higher levels of development (all P for trend ⩽0.0003). Country human development explained 75% of the variation in the country-specific income-obesity relationships (r=-0.87, P=0.0003). CONCLUSIONS Results are consistent with the theory of epidemiologic transition. Global efforts to control obesity must account for socioeconomic factors within a country's context. Future research should seek to understand global socioeconomic patterns in obesity-related lifestyle behaviors.
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Ribeiro AI, Pires A, Carvalho MS, Pina MF. Distance to parks and non-residential destinations influences physical activity of older people, but crime doesn't: a cross-sectional study in a southern European city. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:593. [PMID: 26116071 PMCID: PMC4483219 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1879-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) has numerous health benefits, but older adults live mostly sedentary lifestyles. The physical and social neighborhood environment may encourage/dissuade PA. In particular, neighborhood crime may lead to feeling unsafe and affect older adults' willingness to be physically active. Yet, research on this topic is still inconclusive. Older population, probably the age group most influenced by the neighborhood environment, has been understudied, especially in Southern Europe. In this study, we aimed to analyze the association between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in older adults and objective crime, alongside other neighborhood characteristics. METHODS We obtained data from a population-based cohort from Porto (2005-2008) to assess LTPA. Only adults aged 65 years or more were included (n = 532). A Geographic Information System was used to measure neighborhood characteristics. Neighborhood crime was expressed as crime rates by category (incivilities, criminal offenses with and without violence and traffic crime). Neighborhood characteristics such as socioeconomic deprivation, land gradient, street density, transportation network, distance to parks, non-residential destinations and sport spaces were also included. Generalized Additive Models were fitted to estimate the association between neighborhood characteristics and the participation (being active vs. inactive) and frequency (min/day) of LTPA. RESULTS Forty-six percent of the men and 61 % of the women did not engage in any kind of LTPA. Among the active participants, men spent on average 50.5 (35.2 Standard Deviation, SD) min/day in LTPA, whereas the average among women was 36.9 (35.1 SD) min/day (p < 0.001). Neighborhood crime was unrelated to the participation in, or frequency of, LTPA. On the other hand, two neighborhood characteristics - distance to the nearest park (β = -0.0262, p = 0.029) and to the nearest non-residential destination (β = -0.0735, p = 0.019) - were associated with time spent on LTPA, but only among active older women. No neighborhood characteristic was related to participation in LTPA. CONCLUSIONS From a public health point of view, the provision of parks and non-residential destinations (shops, schools, cultural and worship places) might contribute to elevate PA levels of already active older women. On the other hand, in this setting, crime was not a big issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Ribeiro
- Departamento de Epidemiologia Clínica, Medicina Preditiva e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal. .,ISPUP - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal. .,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Andrea Pires
- ISPUP - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal. .,UFAL - Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Alagoas, Brazil.
| | - Marilia Sá Carvalho
- PROCC - Programa de Computação Científica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365 - Antiga Residência Oficial, Manguinhos, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
| | - Maria Fátima Pina
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal. .,ICICT/FIOCRUZ - Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,CARTO-FEN/UERJ - Departamento de Engenharia Cartográfica, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Kneeshaw-Price SH, Saelens BE, Sallis JF, Frank LD, Grembowski DE, Hannon PA, Smith NL, Chan KCG. Neighborhood Crime-Related Safety and Its Relation to Children's Physical Activity. J Urban Health 2015; 92:472-89. [PMID: 25801486 PMCID: PMC4456478 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-015-9949-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Crime is both a societal safety and public health issue. Examining different measures and aspects of crime-related safety and their correlations may provide insight into the unclear relationship between crime and children's physical activity. We evaluated five neighborhood crime-related safety measures to determine how they were interrelated. We then explored which crime-related safety measures were associated with children's total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and MVPA in their neighborhoods. Significant positive correlations between observed neighborhood incivilities and parents' perceptions of general crime and disorder were found (r = 0.30, p = 0.0002), as were associations between parents' perceptions of general crime and disorder and perceptions of stranger danger (r = 0.30, p = 0.0002). Parent report of prior crime victimization in their neighborhood was associated with observed neighborhood incivilities (r = 0.22, p = 0.007) and their perceptions of both stranger danger (r = 0.24, p = 0.003) and general crime and disorder (r = 0.37, p < 0.0001). After accounting for covariates, police-reported crime within the census block group in which children lived was associated with less physical activity, both total and in their neighborhood (beta = -0.09, p = 0.005, beta = -0.01, p = 0.02, respectively). Neighborhood-active children living in the lowest crime-quartile neighborhoods based on police reports had 40 min more of total MVPA on average compared to neighborhood-active children living in the highest crime-quartile neighborhoods. Findings suggest that police reports of neighborhood crime may be contributing to lower children's physical activity.
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Latham K, Williams MM. Does Neighborhood Disorder Predict Recovery From Mobility Limitation? Findings From the Health and Retirement Study. J Aging Health 2015; 27:1415-42. [PMID: 25953811 DOI: 10.1177/0898264315584328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research explores whether perceptions of physical neighborhood disorder predict recovery from mobility limitation over a 2-year period and examines whether psychosocial factors (i.e., depressive symptomology and mastery) and physical activity are salient mediators. METHOD Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS): Participant Lifestyle Questionnaire (2008-2010), odds ratio estimates of recovery were ascertained using binary logistic regression, and post hoc Sobel tests were conducted to formally assess mediation. RESULTS Net of demographic characteristics and socioeconomic status, increased neighborhood disorder was associated with lower odds of recovery. However, both psychosocial indicators and physical activity were significant individual partial mediators, which suggest neighborhood disorder influences recovery from physical impairment via psychosocial processes and barriers to physical activity. DISCUSSION Reducing neighborhood disorder may enhance older residents' psychosocial well-being and improve participation in physical activity, thus increasing recovery from mobility limitation and preventing subsequent disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzie Latham
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, USA
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25
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Kerr Z, Evenson KR, Moore K, Block R, Diez Roux AV. Changes in walking associated with perceived neighborhood safety and police-recorded crime: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Prev Med 2015; 73:88-93. [PMID: 25625690 PMCID: PMC4937793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association of changes in perceived safety and police-recorded crime with changes in transport and leisure walking using longitudinal data from Chicago residents participating in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2000-2012). METHOD Main exposures included perceived safety (self-reported as feeling safe walking in the neighborhood and reporting violence to be a problem in the neighborhood), and one-year counts of police-recorded crime occurring within a one-mile buffer of participants' residences. Main outcomes included transport and leisure walking (self-reported and calculated as total minutes/week across four study visits). Fixed effects models assessed the association of change in perceived safety and police-recorded crime with changes in transport and leisure walking over a 10-year period for 796 adults. RESULTS No associations were found between changes in perceived safety and either changes in transport or leisure walking. Residing in areas with increases in murder was associated with decreases in transport walking. However, no other associations were found with police-recorded crime. CONCLUSION There continues to be a need to explore the benefits of cultivating safe neighborhoods that enhance resident health and well-being. Research should continue examining how community initiatives may build safe environments and community identity that promote walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Kerr
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, 2101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB #7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, USA.
| | - Kelly R Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, 2101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB #7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7435, USA.
| | - Kari Moore
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3215 Market St, Nesbitt Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Richard Block
- Department of Sociology, Loyola University, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660 USA.
| | - Ana V Diez Roux
- Dean's Office, School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3215 Market St, Nesbitt Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
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Astell-Burt T, Feng X, Kolt GS. Identification of the impact of crime on physical activity depends upon neighbourhood scale: multilevel evidence from 203,883 Australians. Health Place 2014; 31:120-3. [PMID: 25497166 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Equivocal findings on crime as a deterrent for physical activity may be due to effects of geographic scale on exposure measurement. To investigate this hypothesis, physical activity was measured in 203,883 Australians and linked to standardised crime counts within small ('Census Collection Districts'; approx. 330 residents) and larger areas ('Statistical Local Areas'; approx. 32,000 residents). A median rate ratio of 2.26 indicated substantive geographic variation in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Adjusting for confounders, multilevel negative binomial regression reported lower MVPA with more crime consistently in small, but not in larger areas. Reducing small pockets of local crime may encourage more physically active lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Astell-Burt
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Australia; School of Geography and Geosciences, University of St. Andrews, United Kingdom.
| | - Xiaoqi Feng
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Australia; School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Gregory S Kolt
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Australia
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Duncan DT, Palamar JJ, Williams JH. Perceived neighborhood illicit drug selling, peer illicit drug disapproval and illicit drug use among U.S. high school seniors. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2014; 9:35. [PMID: 25182042 PMCID: PMC4163623 DOI: 10.1186/1747-597x-9-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined associations between perceived neighborhood illicit drug selling, peer illicit drug disapproval and illicit drug use among a large nationally representative sample of U.S. high school seniors. METHODS Data come from Monitoring the Future (2007-2011), an annual cross-sectional survey of U.S. high school seniors. Students reported neighborhood illicit drug selling, friend drug disapproval towards marijuana and cocaine use, and past 12-month and past 30-day illicit drug use (N = 10,050). Multinomial logistic regression models were fit to explain use of 1) just marijuana, 2) one illicit drug other than marijuana, and 3) more than one illicit drug other than marijuana, compared to "no use". RESULTS Report of neighborhood illicit drug selling was associated with lower friend disapproval of marijuana and cocaine; e.g., those who reported seeing neighborhood sales "almost every day" were less likely to report their friends strongly disapproved of marijuana (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.49) compared to those who reported never seeing neighborhood drug selling and reported no disapproval. Perception of neighborhood illicit drug selling was also associated with past-year drug use and past-month drug use; e.g., those who reported seeing neighborhood sales "almost every day" were more likely to report 30-day use of more than one illicit drug (AOR = 11.11, 95% CI: 7.47, 16.52) compared to those who reported never seeing neighborhood drug selling and reported no 30-day use of illicit drugs. CONCLUSIONS Perceived neighborhood drug selling was associated with lower peer disapproval and more illicit drug use among a population-based nationally representative sample of U.S. high school seniors. Policy interventions to reduce "open" (visible) neighborhood drug selling (e.g., problem-oriented policing and modifications to the physical environment such as installing and monitoring surveillance cameras) may reduce illicit drug use and peer disapproval of illicit drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin T Duncan
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, 227 East 30th Street, 6th Floor, Room 621, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Foster S, Knuiman M, Villanueva K, Wood L, Christian H, Giles-Corti B. Does walkable neighbourhood design influence the association between objective crime and walking? Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2014; 11:100. [PMID: 25063998 PMCID: PMC4422339 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-014-0100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have investigated associations between objectively measured crime and walking, and findings are mixed. One explanation for null or counterintuitive findings emerges from criminology studies, which indicate that the permeable street layouts and non-residential land uses that underpin walkable neighbourhoods are also associated with more crime. This study examined associations between objective crime and walking, controlling for the characteristics of walkable neighbourhoods. Methods A population representative sample of adults (25–65 years) (n = 3,487) completed the Western Australian Health and Wellbeing Survey (2006–2008) demographic and walking frequency items. Objective environmental measures were generated for each participant’s 400 m and 1600 m neighbourhood areas, including burglary, personal crime (i.e., crimes committed against people) in public space, residential density, street connectivity and local destinations. Log-linear negative binomial regression models were used to examine associations between crime and walking frequency/week, with progressive adjustment for residential density, street connectivity and local destinations. Results Burglary and personal crime occurring within a participant’s 400 m and 1600 m neighbourhoods were positively and significantly associated with walking frequency. For example, for every additional 10 crimes against the person/year within 400 m of a participant’s home, walking frequency increased by 8% (relative change = 1.077, p = 0.017). Associations remained constant after controlling for residential density and street connectivity, but attenuated after adjusting for local destinations (e.g., for personal crime in 400 m: relative change = 1.054, p = 0.104). This pattern of attenuation was evident across both crime categories and both neighbourhood sizes. Conclusions The observed positive associations between objective crime and walking appear to be a function of living in a more walkable environment, as the presence of destinations has the capacity to both promote walking and attract crime. This study provides a plausible explanation for some mixed findings emerging from studies examining crime as a barrier to walking. In some settings, the hypothesised deterrent effect of crime on walking may be insufficient to outweigh the positive impacts of living in a more walkable environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Foster
- Centre for the Built Environment and Health, School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Matthew Knuiman
- Centre for the Built Environment and Health, School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Karen Villanueva
- McCaughey VicHealth Centre for Community Wellbeing, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Lisa Wood
- Centre for the Built Environment and Health, School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Hayley Christian
- Centre for the Built Environment and Health, School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia. .,Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Billie Giles-Corti
- McCaughey VicHealth Centre for Community Wellbeing, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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Lovasi GS, Goh CE, Pearson AL, Breetzke G. The independent associations of recorded crime and perceived safety with physical health in a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of men and women in New Zealand. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e004058. [PMID: 24613820 PMCID: PMC3963098 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated associations of officially recorded crime and perceived neighbourhood safety with physical health, evaluating potential effect modification by gender. SETTING Nationally representative population-based survey in New Zealand. PARTICIPANTS Individual-level data from 6995 New Zealand General Social Survey (2010-2011) participants with complete data on physical health status, perceived neighbourhood safety, sociodemographic characteristics and smoking. Crime rate for each participant's home census was estimated based on data from the New Zealand Police (2008-2010). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE The Transformed Physical Composite Score from the SF-12, a physical health summary score based on self-report ranging from 0 to 100. RESULTS We used cluster robust multivariable regression models to examine the associations among neighbourhood crime rates, perceived neighbourhood safety and the physical health summary score. Crime rates predicted adults' perception that it was unsafe to walk in their neighbourhood at night: for each additional crime per 100 000 residents adults were 1.9% more likely to perceive their neighbourhood as unsafe (95% CI 1.2% to 2.5%). While relatively uncommon, the rate of crime with a weapon strongly predicted perceived safety: for each additional crime per 100 000 residents in this category, adults were 12.9% more likely to report the neighbourhood as unsafe (95% CI 8.8% to 17.0%). Police-recorded violent and night crime rates were associated with worse physical health among women: for each additional crime per 100 000 residents in these category women had a 0.3 point lower physical health score (95% CIs -0.6 to -0.1 for violent crime and -0.5 to -0.1 for crime at night, gender interaction p values 0.08 and 0.01, respectively). Perceiving the neighbourhood as unsafe was independently associated with 1.0 point lower physical health score (95% CI -1.5 to -0.5). CONCLUSIONS Gender may modify the associations of officially recorded crime rates with physical health. Perceived neighbourhood safety was independently associated with physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina S Lovasi
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Charlene E Goh
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amber L Pearson
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Gregory Breetzke
- Department of Geography, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
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Lorenc T, Petticrew M, Whitehead M, Neary D, Clayton S, Wright K, Thomson H, Cummins S, Sowden A, Renton A. Crime, fear of crime and mental health: synthesis of theory and systematic reviews of interventions and qualitative evidence. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.3310/phr02020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundCrime and fear of crime may impact negatively on health and well-being. Interventions to reduce crime and fear of crime, particularly interventions in the physical environment, may be a promising way to improve population-level well-being.Project components(1) Mapping review of theories and pathways; (2) systematic review of effectiveness; (3) systematic review of UK qualitative data; and (4) focus groups and interviews with stakeholders.Methods(1) The mapping review was a pragmatic non-systematic review focusing on theoretical literature and observational quantitative studies and development of a theoretical model of pathways. (2 and 3) The systematic reviews followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidance. In total, 18 databases including EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Science Citation Index were searched from inception to 2010. Studies presenting data on the built environment and the fear of crime were included. Quality assessment was conducted. Data synthesis was conducted narratively for the intervention review, with harvest plots to synthesise data on inequalities, and by thematic analysis for the review of qualitative evidence. (4) Semistructured interviews with nine stakeholders working in community safety and two focus groups with members of the public were conducted to inform the methods of the project and the dissemination of findings. Data were analysed thematically.Results(1) There are complex and often indirect links between crime, fear of crime, environment, and health and well-being at both individual and population levels. Fear of crime is associated with poorer health outcomes. There is considerable debate about the measurement of fear of crime. Both fear of crime and crime are associated with a range of environmental factors. (2) A total of 12,093 references were screened on abstract for the two systematic reviews. Of these, 47 effectiveness studies (22 controlled and 25 uncontrolled) were included in the systematic review of effectiveness, with 36 conducted in the UK, 10 in the USA and one in the Netherlands. There is some evidence that home security improvements and non-crime-related environmental improvements may improve some fear of crime outcomes. There is little evidence that the following reduce fear of crime: street lighting improvements, closed-circuit television, multicomponent environmental crime prevention programmes or regeneration programmes. The evidence on housing improvement is mixed. Very few data on the health and well-being outcomes of crime reduction interventions were located and the study quality overall is poor. (3) A total of 39 studies were included in the systematic review of qualitative data. Several factors in the physical environment are perceived to impact on fear of crime. However, factors in the local social environment appear to be more important as drivers of fear of crime. There is considerable evidence for limitations on physical activity as a result of fear of crime, but less for mental health impacts. (4) Stakeholders see fear of crime as harder to address than crime and as linked to health and well-being. Environmental interventions, such as Secured by Design, are widely used and positively regarded.LimitationsThe review is relatively restricted in its scope and a number of relevant interventions and themes are excluded. The underlying evidence base is of limited quality, particularly for the effectiveness review, and is heterogeneous.ConclusionsBroader social interventions appear more promising than crime-focused environmental interventions as a means of improving fear of crime, health and well-being. The qualitative evidence suggests that fear of crime may impact on physical activity. More broadly, crime and fear of crime appear to be linked to health and well-being mainly as aspects of socioeconomic disadvantage. This review indicates the following gaps in the literature: evaluation research on the health impacts of crime reduction interventions; more robust research on interventions to reduce fear of crime; systematic reviews of non-environmental interventions to reduce fear of crime and systematic reviews of qualitative evidence on other crime-related topics.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Lorenc
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mark Petticrew
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Margaret Whitehead
- Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David Neary
- Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephen Clayton
- Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kath Wright
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
| | - Hilary Thomson
- MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (SPHSU), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Steven Cummins
- School of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Amanda Sowden
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
| | - Adrian Renton
- Institute for Health and Human Development, University of East London, London, UK
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Oyeyemi AL, Deforche B, Sallis JF, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Van Dyck D. Behavioral Mediators of the Association between Neighborhood Environment and Weight Status in Nigerian Adults. Am J Health Promot 2013; 28:23-31. [DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.120509-quan-244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. Neighborhood built environments are related to obesity and physical activity (PA), but inconsistently to sedentary behaviors. This study investigated the mediating effects of PA and sedentary time on the associations of neighborhood environmental factors and body mass index (BMI) among Nigerian adults. Design. The study design was cross-sectional. Setting. The study setting was metropolitan Maiduguri, Nigeria. Subjects. Nigerian adults (n = 1411) were randomly selected from diverse neighborhoods and had complete data (43.1% women, 33.8% overweight or obese). Measures. PA, sedentary time, and 16 perceived neighborhood environmental factors were measured using Nigerian adaptations of validated international questionnaires. Outcomes were measured BMI and interviewer-led self-reports of moderate to vigorous PA, walking, total PA, and sitting time. Analysis. The product-of-coefficient test using generalized linear models was used to assess the mediating effects of outcomes on the associations between environmental factors and BMI. Results. Walking and total PA significantly mediated the association between BMI and perception of higher residential density (αβ = –.025 and –.037, respectively), absence of garbage (αβ = –.046 and –.076, respectively), and more safety from crime at night (αβ = –.044 and –.083, respectively). In addition, walking, moderate to vigorous PA, and total PA significantly mediated the association between BMI and perception of better aesthetics (αβ = –.035, –.022, and –.071, respectively). Sedentary time was not a significant mediator of any associations between environmental factors and BMI. Conclusion. The association of several neighborhood environmental variables with BMI was partially mediated by PA in Nigerian adults. Including questions on specific types of sedentary behaviors in future prospective studies may improve understanding of the relative influence of sedentary behavior and physical activity on obesity control and prevention among sub-Saharan African adults.
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Beenackers MA, Kamphuis CBM, Mackenbach JP, Burdorf A, van Lenthe FJ. Why some walk and others don't: exploring interactions of perceived safety and social neighborhood factors with psychosocial cognitions. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2013; 28:220-33. [PMID: 23393100 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyt002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Although physical activity is often believed to be influenced by both environmental and individual factors, little is known about their interaction. This study explores interactions of perceived safety and social neighborhood factors with psychosocial cognitions for leisure-time walking. Cross-sectional data were obtained from residents (age 25-75 years) of 212 neighborhoods in the South-East of the Netherlands, who participated in the Dutch GLOBE study in 2004 (N = 4395, survey response 64.4%). Direct associations of, and interactions between perceived neighborhood safety, social neighborhood factors (social cohesion, social network and feeling at home) and psychosocial cognitions (attitude, self-efficacy, social influence and intention) on two outcomes of leisure-time walking [yes versus no (binary), and among walkers: minutes per week (continuous)] were analyzed in multilevel regression models. The association between attitude and participating in leisure-time walking was stronger in those who felt less at home in their neighborhood. Social influence and attitude were stronger associated with participation in leisure-time walking in those who sometimes felt unsafe in their neighborhood. A positive intention was associated with more minutes walked in those who perceived their neighborhood as unsafe among those who walked. Only limited support was found for interactions between neighborhood perceptions and psychosocial cognitions for leisure-time walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariëlle A Beenackers
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Adams MA, Ding D, Sallis JF, Bowles HR, Ainsworth BE, Bergman P, Bull FC, Carr H, Craig CL, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Gomez LF, Hagströmer M, Klasson-Heggebø L, Inoue S, Lefevre J, Macfarlane DJ, Matsudo S, Matsudo V, McLean G, Murase N, Sjöström M, Tomten H, Volbekiene V, Bauman A. Patterns of neighborhood environment attributes related to physical activity across 11 countries: a latent class analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2013; 10:34. [PMID: 23497187 PMCID: PMC3615945 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-10-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neighborhood environment studies of physical activity (PA) have been mainly single-country focused. The International Prevalence Study (IPS) presented a rare opportunity to examine neighborhood features across countries. The purpose of this analysis was to: 1) detect international neighborhood typologies based on participants' response patterns to an environment survey and 2) to estimate associations between neighborhood environment patterns and PA. METHODS A Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was conducted on pooled IPS adults (N=11,541) aged 18 to 64 years old (mean=37.5±12.8 yrs; 55.6% women) from 11 countries including Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Hong Kong, Japan, Lithuania, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, and the U.S. This subset used the Physical Activity Neighborhood Environment Survey (PANES) that briefly assessed 7 attributes within 10-15 minutes walk of participants' residences, including residential density, access to shops/services, recreational facilities, public transit facilities, presence of sidewalks and bike paths, and personal safety. LCA derived meaningful subgroups from participants' response patterns to PANES items, and participants were assigned to neighborhood types. The validated short-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) measured likelihood of meeting the 150 minutes/week PA guideline. To validate derived classes, meeting the guideline either by walking or total PA was regressed on neighborhood types using a weighted generalized linear regression model, adjusting for gender, age and country. RESULTS A 5-subgroup solution fitted the dataset and was interpretable. Neighborhood types were labeled, "Overall Activity Supportive (52% of sample)", "High Walkable and Unsafe with Few Recreation Facilities (16%)", "Safe with Active Transport Facilities (12%)", "Transit and Shops Dense with Few Amenities (15%)", and "Safe but Activity Unsupportive (5%)". Country representation differed by type (e.g., U.S. disproportionally represented "Safe but Activity Unsupportive"). Compared to the Safe but Activity Unsupportive, two types showed greater odds of meeting PA guideline for walking outcome (High Walkable and Unsafe with Few Recreation Facilities, OR=2.26 (95% CI 1.18-4.31); Overall Activity Supportive, OR=1.90 (95% CI 1.13-3.21). Significant but smaller odds ratios were also found for total PA. CONCLUSIONS Meaningful neighborhood patterns generalized across countries and explained practical differences in PA. These observational results support WHO/UN recommendations for programs and policies targeted to improve features of the neighborhood environment for PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Adams
- Exercise and Wellness, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ding Ding
- Prevention Research Collaboration, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - James F Sallis
- Active Living Research, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Heather R Bowles
- Risk Factor Monitoring and Methods Branch, Applied Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barbara E Ainsworth
- Exercise and Wellness, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Patrick Bergman
- School of Education, Psychology and Sports Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Fiona C Bull
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Harriette Carr
- Sport New Zealand, Ministry of Health, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Cora L Craig
- Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute, School of Public Health, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Maria Hagströmer
- Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Shigeru Inoue
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Johan Lefevre
- Department of Kinesiology, Katholic University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Duncan J Macfarlane
- Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sandra Matsudo
- Center of Studies of the Physical Fitness Research Center from São Caetano do Sul, CELAFISCS, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Matsudo
- Center of Studies of the Physical Fitness Research Center from São Caetano do Sul, CELAFISCS, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Grant McLean
- Sport New Zealand, Ministry of Health, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Norio Murase
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael Sjöström
- Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Vida Volbekiene
- Department of Sport Science, Lithuanian Academy of Physical Education, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Evenson KR, Block R, Roux AVD, McGinn AP, Wen F, Rodríguez DA. Associations of adult physical activity with perceived safety and police-recorded crime: the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2012; 9:146. [PMID: 23245527 PMCID: PMC3543301 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the inconsistent findings of prior studies, we explored the association of perceived safety and police-recorded crime measures with physical activity. METHODS The study included 818 Chicago participants of the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis 45 to 84 years of age. Questionnaire-assessed physical activity included a) transport walking; b) leisure walking; and c) non-walking leisure activities. Perceived safety was assessed through an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Police-recorded crime was assessed through 2-year counts of selected crimes (total and outdoor incivilities, criminal offenses, homicides) per 1000 population. Associations were examined using generalized estimating equation logistic regression models. RESULTS Perceiving a safer neighborhood was positively associated with transport walking and perceiving lower violence was associated with leisure walking. Those in the lowest tertile of total or outdoor incivilities were more likely to report transport walking. Models with both perceived safety and police-recorded measures of crime as independent variables had superior fit for both transport walking and leisure walking outcomes. Neither perceived safety nor police-recorded measures of crime were associated with non-walking leisure activity. CONCLUSIONS Perceived and police-recorded measures had independent associations with walking and both should be considered in assessing the impact of neighborhood crime on physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly R Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, 137 East Franklin Street, Suite 306, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Richard Block
- Department of Sociology, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ana V Diez Roux
- Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Aileen P McGinn
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Fang Wen
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, 137 East Franklin Street, Suite 306, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Daniel A Rodríguez
- Department of City and Regional Planning, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Adamus-Leach HJ, Mama SK, O’Connor DP, Lee RE. Income differences in perceived neighborhood environment characteristics among african american women. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2012; 6:33-40. [PMID: 23226025 PMCID: PMC3512446 DOI: 10.4137/ehi.s10655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Perceptions of neighborhood attributes for physical activity may be influenced by individual level income. This study examined differences in perceptions of neighborhood attributes for walking and bicycling in high and low income African American women. African American women (n = 388) aged 20-65 years completed the International Physical Activity Prevalence Study's Environmental Survey Module. Independent t-tests determined differences in perceptions of neighborhood attributes by income group. Principal component factor analysis explored differences in factor structure for survey items. Low income African American women perceived their neighborhood as being less safe with regard to crime and traffic, having fewer free recreational opportunities, and having more public transportation stops nearby. Survey items weighed differently on each factor between income groups. Household income should be taken into consideration when interpreting perceptions of neighborhood for physical activity in African American women.
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Roman CG, Stodolska M, Yahner J, Shinew K. Pathways to Outdoor Recreation, Physical Activity, and Delinquency Among Urban Latino Adolescents. Ann Behav Med 2012; 45 Suppl 1:S151-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s12160-012-9418-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Van Holle V, Deforche B, Van Cauwenberg J, Goubert L, Maes L, Van de Weghe N, De Bourdeaudhuij I. Relationship between the physical environment and different domains of physical activity in European adults: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:807. [PMID: 22992438 PMCID: PMC3507898 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past decade, various reviews described the relationship between the physical environment and different physical activity (PA) domains. Yet, the majority of the current review evidence relies on North American/Australian studies, while only a small proportion of findings refer to European studies. Given some clear environmental differences across continents, this raises questions about the applicability of those results in European settings. This systematic review aimed at summarizing Europe-specific evidence on the relationship between the physical environment and different PA domains in adults. METHODS Seventy eligible papers were identified through systematic searches across six electronic databases. Included papers were observational studies assessing the relationship between several aspects of the physical environment and PA in European adults (18-65y). Summary scores were calculated to express the strength of the relationship between each environmental factor and different PA domains. RESULTS Convincing evidence on positive relationships with several PA domains was found for following environmental factors: walkability, access to shops/services/work and the composite factor environmental quality. Convincing evidence considering urbanization degree showed contradictory results, dependent on the observed PA domain. Transportation PA was more frequently related to the physical environment than recreational PA. Possible evidence for a positive relationship with transportation PA emerged for walking/cycling facilities, while a negative relationship was found for hilliness. Some environmental factors, such as access to recreational facilities, aesthetics, traffic- and crime-related safety were unrelated to different PA domains in Europe. CONCLUSIONS Generally, findings from this review of European studies are in accordance with results from North American/Australian reviews and may contribute to a generalization of the relationship between the physical environment and PA. Nevertheless, the lack of associations found regarding access to recreational facilities, aesthetics and different forms of safety are likely to be Europe-specific findings and need to be considered when appropriate interventions are developed. More research assessing domain-specific relationships with several understudied environmental attributes (e.g., residential density) is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Van Holle
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Oyeyemi AL, Adegoke BO, Sallis JF, Oyeyemi AY, De Bourdeaudhuij I. Perceived crime and traffic safety is related to physical activity among adults in Nigeria. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:294. [PMID: 22520066 PMCID: PMC3355030 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neighborhood safety is inconsistently related to physical activity, but is seldom studied in developing countries. This study examined associations between perceived neighborhood safety and physical activity among Nigerian adults. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, accelerometer-based physical activity (MVPA), reported walking, perceived crime and traffic safety were measured in 219 Nigerian adults. Logistic regression analysis was conducted, and the odds ratio for meeting health guidelines for MVPA and walking was calculated in relation to four safety variables, after adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS Sufficient MVPA was related to more perception of safety from traffic to walk (OR=2.28, CI=1.13- 6.25) and more safety from crime at night (OR=1.68, CI=1.07-3.64), but with less perception of safety from crime during the day to walk (OR=0.34, CI=0.06- 0.91). More crime safety during the day and night were associated with more walking. CONCLUSIONS Perceived safety from crime and traffic were associated with physical activity among Nigerian adults. These findings provide preliminary evidence on the need to provide safe traffic and crime environments that will make it easier and more likely for African adults to be physically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale L Oyeyemi
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde O Adegoke
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - James F Sallis
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Behavioral Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Adetoyeje Y Oyeyemi
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Yang W, Spears K, Zhang F, Lee W, Himler HL. Evaluation of personal and built environment attributes to physical activity: a multilevel analysis on multiple population-based data sources. J Obes 2012; 2012:548910. [PMID: 22655174 PMCID: PMC3359721 DOI: 10.1155/2012/548910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Studies have documented that built environment factors potentially promote or impede leisure time physical activity (LTPA). This study explored the relationship between multiple built environment factors and individual characteristics on LTPA. Methods. Multiple data sources were utilized including individual level data for health behaviors and health status from the Nevada Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and community level data from different data sources including indicators for recreation facilities, safety, air quality, commute time, urbanization, population density, and land mix level. Mixed model logistic regression and geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis were conducted. Results. Among 6,311 respondents, 24.4% reported no LTPA engagement during the past 30 days. No engagement in LTPA was significantly associated with (1) individual factors: older age, less education, lower income, being obesity, and low life satisfaction and (2) community factors: more commute time, higher crime rate, urban residence, higher population density, but not for density and distance to recreation facilities, air quality, and land mix. Conclusions. Multiple data systems including complex population survey and spatial analysis are valuable tools on health and built environment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North, Virginia Street, MS 274, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Karen Spears
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 NV, Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 NV, Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Wai Lee
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North, Virginia Street, MS 274, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Heidi L. Himler
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 NV, Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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Lorenc T, Clayton S, Neary D, Whitehead M, Petticrew M, Thomson H, Cummins S, Sowden A, Renton A. Crime, fear of crime, environment, and mental health and wellbeing: mapping review of theories and causal pathways. Health Place 2012; 18:757-65. [PMID: 22542441 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the findings from a review of the theoretical and empirical literature on the links between crime and fear of crime, the social and built environment, and health and wellbeing. A pragmatic approach was employed, with iterative stages of searching and synthesis. This produced a holistic causal framework of pathways to guide future research. The framework emphasises that crime and fear of crime may have substantial impacts on wellbeing, but the pathways are often highly indirect, mediated by environmental factors, difficult to disentangle and not always in the expected direction. The built environment, for example, may affect health via its impacts on health behaviours; via its effects on crime and fear of crime; or via the social environment. The framework also helps to identify unexpected factors which may affect intervention success, such as the risk of adverse effects from crime prevention interventions as a result of raising awareness of crime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Lorenc
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK.
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Is concern about young people's anti-social behaviour associated with poor health? Cross-sectional evidence from residents of deprived urban neighbourhoods. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:217. [PMID: 22433443 PMCID: PMC3364159 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Young people in disadvantaged neighbourhoods are often the focus of concerns about anti-social behaviour (ASB). There is inconsistent evidence to support the hypothesis that perceptions of ASB (PASB) are associated with poor health. We ask whether perceptions of young people's ASB are associated with poor health; and whether health, demographic and (psycho)social characteristics can help explain why PASB varies within disadvantaged neighbourhoods (Glasgow, UK). Methods Regression analysis of survey data exploring associations between perceiving teenagers hanging around to be a serious neighbourhood problem and SF-12v2 mental and physical health scores (higher = better), including adjustment for demographic characteristics. Further analysis explored associations with self-reported measures of health service use, psychosocial characteristics of homes and neighbourhoods and social contacts. Results 6008 adults participated (50% response) and 22% (n = 1,332) said teenagers were a serious neighbourhood problem (the most frequently reported local problem). Demographic characteristics associated with perceiving serious teenager problems included regular health service use, age (inverse relationship), financial problems and living with children. Lower SF-12v2 physical health scores were associated with perceiving teenager problems after adjustment for demographic variables (OR 0.98; 95%CI 0.97,0.99; p = < 0.001), whilst adjusted findings for mental health scores were less conclusive (OR 0.99; 95%CI 0.98,1.00; p = 0.103). Further analysis suggested that perceiving teenager problems was more strongly associated with a number of self-reported psychosocial factors: e.g. lacking social support, < weekly family contacts, poor neighbourhood safety, low trust in neighbours, neighbourhood perceived to be a barrier to self-esteem, and neighbourhood decline. Conclusions Given the evidence we found of weak and small associations between PASB and health, we caution against assuming that tackling concern about teenagers' ASB will lead to substantial public health gains in disadvantaged areas. Although the findings do not present a compelling case for making PASB a public health priority, it is still important to address concerns about young people's ASB. Reasons for doing so may include improving social cohesion, reducing fear and isolation, and improving the general quality of people's lives - particularly in neighbourhoods burdened by multiple disadvantages. Future research should evaluate interventions that attempt to reduce PASB in disadvantaged areas. Findings from this study could help inform the targeting of such interventions.
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Ding D, Bracy NL, Sallis JF, Saelens BE, Norman GJ, Harris SK, Durant N, Rosenberg D, Kerr J. Is Fear of Strangers Related to Physical Activity among Youth? Am J Health Promot 2012; 26:189-95. [DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.100701-quan-224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. To (1) assess the reliability of the newly developed Fears of Stranger Danger (FSD) scale, (2) examine measurement invariance and identify demographic variation in FSD, and (3) examine associations of FSD with physical activity, screen time, and body mass index (BMI) z score. Design. Cross-sectional survey with test-retest. Setting. Neighborhoods with various socioeconomic characteristics and walkability in San Diego, Boston, and Cincinnati. Participants. Parent-adolescent pairs (n = 171), and parents of children (n = 116). Response rate was 47% for Survey 1, and 69% were retained for Survey 2. Methods. Data analyses included test-retest reliability and internal consistency for FSD, tests of differential functioning for measurement invariance, t-test for associations between FSD and demographic variables, and partial correlation for associations of FSD with physical activity, screen time, and BMI z score. Results. The FSD scale had moderate to substantial test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = .65–.85) and excellent internal consistency (Cronbach á = .88–.94). Measurement invariance was established across gender, race/ethnicity, and income. FSD was higher regarding younger children, females, nonwhites, and lower-income youth. FSD was positively associated with restrictive parental rules for playing outside (partial r = .28–.33), and negatively associated with children's outdoor physical activity in the neighborhood (partial r = −.27), but not associated with other measures of physical activity, screen time, or BMI z score. Conclusion. The new measure of FSD had good evidence of reliability and measurement invariance, but there were inconsistent associations of FSD with youth physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ding
- Ding Ding, MPH, is with the Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health, and Dori Rosenberg, MPH, MS, is with the Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University and University of California San Diego, San Diego, California. Nicole L. Bracy, PhD, and James F. Sallis, PhD, are with the Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. Brian E. Saelens, PhD, is with the Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, University
| | - Nicole L. Bracy
- Ding Ding, MPH, is with the Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health, and Dori Rosenberg, MPH, MS, is with the Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University and University of California San Diego, San Diego, California. Nicole L. Bracy, PhD, and James F. Sallis, PhD, are with the Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. Brian E. Saelens, PhD, is with the Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, University
| | - James F. Sallis
- Ding Ding, MPH, is with the Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health, and Dori Rosenberg, MPH, MS, is with the Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University and University of California San Diego, San Diego, California. Nicole L. Bracy, PhD, and James F. Sallis, PhD, are with the Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. Brian E. Saelens, PhD, is with the Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, University
| | - Brian E. Saelens
- Ding Ding, MPH, is with the Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health, and Dori Rosenberg, MPH, MS, is with the Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University and University of California San Diego, San Diego, California. Nicole L. Bracy, PhD, and James F. Sallis, PhD, are with the Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. Brian E. Saelens, PhD, is with the Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, University
| | - Gregory J. Norman
- Ding Ding, MPH, is with the Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health, and Dori Rosenberg, MPH, MS, is with the Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University and University of California San Diego, San Diego, California. Nicole L. Bracy, PhD, and James F. Sallis, PhD, are with the Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. Brian E. Saelens, PhD, is with the Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, University
| | - Sion Kim Harris
- Ding Ding, MPH, is with the Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health, and Dori Rosenberg, MPH, MS, is with the Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University and University of California San Diego, San Diego, California. Nicole L. Bracy, PhD, and James F. Sallis, PhD, are with the Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. Brian E. Saelens, PhD, is with the Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, University
| | - Nefertiti Durant
- Ding Ding, MPH, is with the Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health, and Dori Rosenberg, MPH, MS, is with the Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University and University of California San Diego, San Diego, California. Nicole L. Bracy, PhD, and James F. Sallis, PhD, are with the Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. Brian E. Saelens, PhD, is with the Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, University
| | - Dori Rosenberg
- Ding Ding, MPH, is with the Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health, and Dori Rosenberg, MPH, MS, is with the Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University and University of California San Diego, San Diego, California. Nicole L. Bracy, PhD, and James F. Sallis, PhD, are with the Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. Brian E. Saelens, PhD, is with the Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, University
| | - Jacqueline Kerr
- Ding Ding, MPH, is with the Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health, and Dori Rosenberg, MPH, MS, is with the Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University and University of California San Diego, San Diego, California. Nicole L. Bracy, PhD, and James F. Sallis, PhD, are with the Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. Brian E. Saelens, PhD, is with the Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, University
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Abdullah A, Razak NA, Salleh MNM, Sakip SRM. Validating Crime Prevention through Environmental Design Using Structural Equation Model. PROCEDIA - SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2012; 36:591-601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Cullen SW, Solomon PL. Family community integration and maternal mental health. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2011; 40:133-44. [PMID: 22080144 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-011-0386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
While the majority of women with mental health problems (MHPs) are mothers, little is known about the community integration (CI) of these women and their children. Given that poorer mental health status has been linked with lower CI, CI has become a long standing goal of mental health policy. Data from a national survey examined the association of maternal mental health status with the physical, social, and psychological integration of families. After adjusting for sociodemographics, mothers with MHPs reported similar physical integration but less social and psychological integration. Interventions focused on improving social networks, scarce resources, and neighborhood safety are needed for families impacted by maternal MHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Wiesel Cullen
- School of Social Policy & Practice, University of Pennsylvania, 3815 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6179, USA.
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Oyeyemi AL, Adegoke BOA, Oyeyemi AY, Sallis JF. Perceived environmental correlates of physical activity and walking in African young adults. Am J Health Promot 2011; 25:e10-9. [PMID: 21534826 DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.090918-quan-304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence on environmental correlates of physical activity (PA) conducted in Western developed countries may not be generalizable to Africa. This study examined the associations between perception of the neighborhood environment and PA and walking in African young adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of self-reported survey. SETTING University of Ibadan, in the capital city of Oyo State, Nigeria. SUBJECTS A representative sample of undergraduates of a Nigerian university, age 16 to 39 years and 50.7% female. MEASURES Total walking activity and PA were measured with the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Sixteen perceived neighborhood environmental variables were measured using the Physical Activity Neighborhood Environment Scale (PANES), which was used to assess environmental correlates of PA that are internationally relevant. Outcomes were meeting health-related guidelines for sufficient PA and walking activity. RESULTS After adjustments for demographics and dormitory site, the proximity of bus/transit stop (odds ratio [OR]=1.41), traffic as not a problem (OR=.45; unexpected direction), and not many four-way intersections (OR=.72; unexpected direction) were significantly associated with sufficient PA. Low crime rate at night (OR=1.53), many interesting things to look at (OR=1.90), and seeing many people active (OR=.59; unexpected direction) were significantly associated with sufficient walking. Inconsistent patterns were also observed in gender-specific analyses. CONCLUSION Few neighborhood environment correlates of PA or walking reported in the international literature were replicated with African young adults. Environmental measures need to be developed that are tailored to low- and middle-income countries, such as those in Africa, so that research in understudied regions can advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale L Oyeyemi
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri PMB 1069, Maiduguri Maiduguri, Borno 234 Nigeria.
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Beenackers MA, Kamphuis CBM, Burdorf A, Mackenbach JP, van Lenthe FJ. Sports participation, perceived neighborhood safety, and individual cognitions: how do they interact? Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2011; 8:76. [PMID: 21777414 PMCID: PMC3197469 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-8-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the interaction between individual and environmental determinants of physical activity, although this may be important information for the development of effective interventions. The goal of this paper is to investigate whether perceived neighborhood safety modifies associations between individual cognitions and sports participation. Methods Cross-sectional data were obtained from residents (age 25-75) of 87 neighborhoods in the city of Eindhoven, who participated in the Dutch GLOBE study in 2004 (N = 2474). We used multilevel logistic regression to analyze the interactions between perceived neighborhood safety and individual cognitions (attitude, self-efficacy, social influence, and intention) on sports participation (yes/no). Results In its association with sports participation, perceived neighborhood safety interacted significantly with self-efficacy and attitude (p < 0.05). Among persons who perceived their neighborhood as safe, a positive attitude was strongly associated with sports participation (OR = 2.00, 95%CI = 1.48-2.71). In contrast, attitude was not associated with sports participation in persons who perceived their neighborhood as unsafe (OR = 0.65, 95%CI = 0.34-1.24). Further, self-efficacy was significantly stronger associated with sports participation in persons who perceived their neighborhood as unsafe (OR = 1.85, 95%CI = 1.31-2.60) than in those who perceived their neighborhood as safe (OR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.05-1.36). Social influence and intention did not interact with perceived neighborhood safety. Conclusions Associations between individual cognitions and sports participation depend on neighborhood circumstances, such as perceived neighborhood safety. Interventions to promote sports participation in adults should take the interaction between environmental and individual characteristics into account. More research is needed to find out the causal pathways in individual-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariëlle A Beenackers
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Hebenton B. From offender to situation: the 'cold' approach to sexual violence prevention? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2011; 34:141-148. [PMID: 21529944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Many commentators have pointed to the monstrous nature of sexual violence, with its related sense of pollution and disgust. In response, post-release regulation has a 'hot' quality: in the USA, sexually violent predator statutes, residency requirements, GPS satellite monitoring, and variations on the theme of community notification all speak of the expressiveness of the response. 'Hot' signifies and has embedded within it an 'individualist' rather than 'structural' account of action, emphasises a dramaturgical reading of the social world, and privileges the political rather than the problem-solving sphere. What has been far less explored, until recently, is research and prevention policy related specifically to the sexual violence itself, or the situation in which the offense occurs. By contrast to the 'hot' response, elision from offender to situation appears to betoken a 'cold' quality. This paper analyses the conceptual and empirical underpinnings of such a 'cold' situational approach, evaluates existing studies across settings, and assesses the implications of this problem-solving process for prevention policy and practice. It concludes by embedding the analysis within a broader precautionary politics of 'hot' and 'cold' control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill Hebenton
- Centre for Criminology and Criminal Justice, School of Law, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 PL UK.
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Wridt P. A Qualitative GIS Approach to Mapping Urban Neighborhoods with Children to Promote Physical Activity and Child-Friendly Community Planning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1068/b35002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
As the obesity epidemic in children increases, it is important to consider the role of neighborhoods in supporting children's physical activity and healthy development, especially in low-income communities where obesity levels among children are higher than for their middle-income counterparts. I present a participatory and qualitative GIS approach to mapping children's own perceptions and use of their neighborhood for physical activity with ten and eleven year-olds growing up in a diverse low-income community in Denver, CO. Girls walk shorter distances to and use different types of community spaces for play and recreation from boys, some of which is explained by the differing environmental-socialization approaches employed by parents and carers. Children's perceptions of risk align spatially with features of the built environment, but do not correlate with reported crime. Results illustrate the utility of qualitative spatial analysis to understand relationships between children's perception, the built environment, and social factors that shape children's active transport, leisure, and recreation in their neighborhood. Children's local knowledge should be valued and solicited in community-level health and planning interventions to promote physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Wridt
- College of Architecture and Planning, University of Colorado Denver, Campus Box 126, PO Box 173364, Denver, CO 80217-3364, USA
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Maglione JL, Hayman LL. Correlates of physical activity in low income college students. Res Nurs Health 2009; 32:634-46. [DOI: 10.1002/nur.20353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lieb DC, Snow RE, DeBoer MD. Socioeconomic factors in the development of childhood obesity and diabetes. Clin Sports Med 2009; 28:349-78. [PMID: 19505621 DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric obesity has reached critical proportions. Although this pandemic touches individuals from all socioeconomic, racial, and ethnic backgrounds, the trend is more prevalent among children from families of lower-socioeconomic classes. The causes of this separation in obesity rates by socioeconomic background are multifold but include differences in the availability of healthier foods in homes and schools, as well as the availability of safe environments for physical activity. Equally concerning are increases in the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes among certain ethnic groups and discrepancies in health care availability to children of lower-socioeconomic backgrounds. As our society attempts to improve the lifestyle of our children and decrease rates of obesity, it will be important to give focus to children of lower socioeconomic backgrounds in planning these potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Lieb
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 800793, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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