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Thomas L, McCausland K, Leaversuch F, Freeman B, Wolf K, Leaver T, Jancey J. The school community's role in addressing vaping: Findings from qualitative research to inform pedagogy, practice and policy. Health Promot J Austr 2024. [PMID: 39188143 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED E-cigarettes are a significant concern in schools due to their rising use by adolescents. This research aimed to identify current and preferred intervention strategies to respond to vaping in the Western Australian school setting. METHODS Interviews and focus groups were held with 15 school professionals (leaders, teachers and nurses), parents (n = 12) and students aged 13-17 years (n = 32). Discussions were transcribed verbatim, anonymised and thematically analysed using a deductive approach aligned to the Health Promoting Schools Framework. RESULTS Participants suggested that limited and varied attention has been directed towards policy in response to vaping in the school setting. Teaching and learning opportunities existed for students, parents and school professionals, albeit somewhat ad hoc in their approach. Additional training would benefit the whole-school community (students, parents and staff) to raise awareness of e-cigarette harms, increase knowledge and build skills in responding to student vaping. CONCLUSIONS Clearly articulated policies are needed to guide school strategies and actions towards vaping. There needs to be a dedicated, developmentally appropriate, cross-subject vaping curriculum for students that incorporates mental health outcomes and social skills reinforcement; professional development for school staff; awareness of and access to school-based health services for help and information; visual cues to de-normalise vaping and parent and community involvement to support vape-free school environments. SO WHAT?: Comprehensive prevention activities are required to reduce the uptake of vaping among adolescents. Building students', school professionals' and parents' awareness of vaping and strategies to prevent use will contribute to de-normalising and reducing this practice among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Thomas
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Kahlia McCausland
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Francene Leaversuch
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Becky Freeman
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katharina Wolf
- School of Marketing, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Tama Leaver
- Internet Studies, School of Media, Creative Arts and Social Inquiry, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Jonine Jancey
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Maina G, Li Y, Fang Y, Amoyaw J, Pandey M, Herzog T, Nkrumah D, Sherstobitoff J, Mousavian G. Exploring arts-based interventions for youth substance use prevention: a scoping review of literature. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2281. [PMID: 36474219 PMCID: PMC9724351 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a rise in problematic substance use among Canadian youth, which is precipitating a public health crisis. Interventions are needed to empower youth to mitigate substance use risks. Active youth involvement in substance use prevention is urgently needed to increase uptake and ownership of the process and outcome of the intervention. Arts-based interventions are ideal participatory action approaches that can empower young people to be active agents in substance use prevention. These approaches can help promote health, reduce harm, and change behaviours. Scoping reviews are a vital tool that can help the research team identify relevant interventions that can be adapted to a community. METHODS This scoping review explores various arts-based substance use prevention interventions for youth. The scoping review used the iterative stages of Arksey and O'Malley to search Portal ERIC, Ovid MEDLINE, C.I.N.A.H.L., E.M.B.A.S.E., Web of Science, and A.P.A. PsycInfo and grey literature from Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction and websites suggested by the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health. Inclusion criteria are a) articles utilizing arts-based intervention on substance use prevention; b) studies with a clearly defined intervention; c) intervention targeting the youth (age 12-17) and d) publications written in English. Thematic analysis was used to identify the main themes from the included articles. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Themes identified in a thematic synthesis of these studies included a) the intent of the intervention; b) intervention characteristics; and c) the perceived effectiveness of interventions. Art-based interventions increased knowledge and changed attitudes and practices on substance use among youth. Making the interventions aesthetically appealing and engaging, active youth involvement in the development of the intervention and developing youth-centred interventions which attended to the realities they faced were central to the success of these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Maina
- grid.25152.310000 0001 2154 235XCollege of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Yiyan Li
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yiting Fang
- grid.25152.310000 0001 2154 235XCollege of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Jonathan Amoyaw
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Mamata Pandey
- grid.412733.00000 0004 0480 4970Saskatchewan Health Authority, Regina, Canada
| | - Thea Herzog
- grid.25152.310000 0001 2154 235XCollege of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Daniel Nkrumah
- grid.25152.310000 0001 2154 235XCollege of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Jordan Sherstobitoff
- grid.25152.310000 0001 2154 235XCollege of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Ghazal Mousavian
- grid.25152.310000 0001 2154 235XCollege of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Vale SL, Roche I, Netting M, Said M, Joshi P, Clifford R, Campbell DE, Salter SM. Nip allergies in the Bub: a qualitative study for a public health approach to infant feeding for allergy prevention. Aust N Z J Public Health 2022; 46:438-443. [PMID: 35616393 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify a brand, key messages and resources to underpin a public health approach to food allergy prevention. METHODS A focus group design was used to explore perceptions and opinions of potential brands, infant feeding messages and resources for providing standardised food allergy prevention information. Focus groups were conducted in February 2018 using interview guides and were transcribed verbatim. A content analysis of the transcripts was undertaken using thematic analysis software. The University of Western Australia provided ethics approval: RA/4/20/4280. RESULTS Seven focus groups with 39 participants were conducted. Four slogans and styles of imagery were considered. 'Nip Allergies in the Bub' was the most favoured slogan and images of babies with food were most favoured. Participant feedback was sought regarding messages and supporting messages were considered important. Participants were consulted about useful resources and a website was identified. CONCLUSIONS Conducting focus groups assisted the selection of a brand, messages and resources to underpin a public health approach to implementing allergy prevention guidelines. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH This is the first focus group research undertaken for food allergy prevention. Identification of a meaningful brand, key messages and resources will support a public health approach to implementing allergy prevention guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L Vale
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia.,National Allergy Strategy, New South Wales.,Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, New South Wales
| | - Ingrid Roche
- National Allergy Strategy, New South Wales.,Perth Children's Hospital, Western Australia
| | - Merryn Netting
- National Allergy Strategy, New South Wales.,Women and Kids Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, South Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, South Australia.,Nutrition Department, Women's and Children's Health Network, South Australia
| | - Maria Said
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia.,National Allergy Strategy, New South Wales.,Allergy & Anaphylaxis Australia, New South Wales
| | - Preeti Joshi
- National Allergy Strategy, New South Wales.,Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, New South Wales.,Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, New South Wales
| | - Rhonda Clifford
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia
| | - Dianne E Campbell
- Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, New South Wales.,Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, New South Wales.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Sandra M Salter
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia
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Jesch E, Kikut AI, Hornik R. Comparing belief in short-term versus long-term consequences of smoking and vaping as predictors of non-use in a 3-year nationally representative survey study of US youth. Tob Control 2021:tobaccocontrol-2021-056886. [PMID: 34725270 PMCID: PMC9056580 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Efforts to prevent youth tobacco use are critical to reducing smoking-related deaths in the USA. Anti-tobacco messaging often focuses on the severe long-term consequences of smoking (eg, fatal lung disease, cancer). It is unclear whether these long-term consequences are more likely to deter youth use than shorter term consequences (eg, headaches, friend disapproval). METHODS A nationally representative 3-year rolling survey of adolescents and young adults (ages 13-26 years) measured belief in potential consequences of two types of tobacco products: combustible cigarettes (n=11 847) and electronic cigarettes (n=4470) as well as intentions and current use. Independent coders classified 23 consequences as either short or long term. Logistic regression tested the associations between short-term (vs long-term) beliefs and current intentions, as well as non-smoking behaviour at 6-month follow-up. RESULTS Believing in both short-term and long-term consequences was associated with outcomes, but short-term beliefs were more highly associated with anti-smoking (OR=1.40, 95% CI (1.30 to 1.51)) and anti-vaping (OR=2.10, 95% CI (1.75 to 2.52)) intentions and better predicted non-smoking behaviour at follow-up, controlling for prior use (OR=1.75, 95% CI (1.33 to 2.31)). CONCLUSIONS These results support temporal discounting by adolescents and young adults and suggest health communication efforts aiming to reduce youth tobacco use should emphasise shorter term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Jesch
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ava Irysa Kikut
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert Hornik
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Rosenberg M, Ferguson R. Maintaining relevance: an evaluation of health message sponsorship at Australian community sport and arts events. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:1242. [PMID: 25471254 PMCID: PMC4289268 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health message sponsorship at community sport and arts events is an established component of a health promotion settings approach. Recent increases in commercial sponsorship of sport and community events has swelled competition for consumer attention and potentially reduced the impact of health message sponsorship. The purpose of this study was to evaluate awareness, understandings and behavioural intentions of health messages promoted at sponsored community sport and arts events. Methods Interview and self-administered surveys were completed by 2259 adults attending one of 29 sport and arts events held in Western Australia between 2008 and 2013. The surveys measured participant awareness of the health message promoted at the event, as well as comprehension, acceptance and behavioural intention as a result of exposure to health messages. Results Awareness of the sponsored health message was 58% across all sponsored events, with high levels of comprehension (74%) and acceptance (92%) among those aware of the health message. Forming behavioural intentions was significantly related to the type of sponsored message promoted at the event, being female and over 40 years of age. Messages about sun protection and promoting mental health were the most likely to result in behavioural intention. Conclusions Health message sponsorship, at least within a comprehensive sponsorship program, appears to remain an effective health promotion strategy for generating awareness and behavioural intention among people attending sport and arts events. Remaining relevant within a modern sponsorship environment appears closely aligned to selecting health messages that promote behavioural action relevant to the sponsored event that are also supported by broader health promotion campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rosenberg
- Health Promotion Evaluation Unit, School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, University of Western Australia, (M408) 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Perth, Western Australia.
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Wood L, Shilton T, Dimer L, Smith J, Leahy T. Beyond the rhetoric: how can non-government organisations contribute to reducing health disparities for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people? Aust J Prim Health 2012; 17:384-94. [PMID: 22112708 DOI: 10.1071/py11057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The prevailing disparities in Aboriginal health in Australia are a sobering reminder of failed health reforms, compounded by inadequate attention to the social determinants shaping health and well-being. Discourse around health reform often focuses on the role of government, health professionals and health institutions. However, not-for-profit health organisations are also playing an increasing role in health policy, research and program delivery across the prevention to treatment spectrum. This paper describes the journey of the National Heart Foundation of Australia in West Australia (Heart Foundation WA hereafter) with Aboriginal employees and the Aboriginal community in taking a more proactive role in reducing Aboriginal health disparities, focusing in particular on lessons learnt that are applicable to other non-government organisations. Although the Heart Foundation WA has employed and worked with Aboriginal people and has long identified the Aboriginal community as a priority population, recent years have seen greater embedding of this within its organisational culture, governance, policies and programs. In turn, this has shaped the organisation's response to external health reforms and issues. Responses have included the development of an action plan to eliminate disparities of cardiovascular care in the hospital system, and collaboration and engagement with health professional groups involved in delivery of care to Aboriginal people. Examples of governance measures are also described in this paper. Although strategies and the lessons learnt have been in the context of cardiovascular health disparities, they are applicable to other organisations across the health sector. Moreover, the most powerful lesson learnt is universal in its relevance; individual programs, policies and reforms are more likely to succeed when they are underpinned by whole of organisation ownership and internalisation of the need to redress disparities in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Wood
- Centre for the Built Environment and Health, School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
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Rosenberg M, Pettigrew S, Wood L, Ferguson R, Houghton S. Public support for tobacco control policy extensions in Western Australia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2012; 2:e000784. [PMID: 22382124 PMCID: PMC3293129 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Policy makers seeking to introduce new tobacco control measures need to anticipate community support to assist them in planning appropriate implementation strategies. This study assessed community support for plain packaging and smoking bans in outdoor locations in Australia. DESIGN Analytical cross-sectional survey. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS 2005 Western Australian adults participated in a computer-assisted telephone interview. Random household telephone numbers were used to obtain a representative sample. OUTCOME MEASURES Support for plain packaging of cigarettes and smoking bans at outdoor venues by demographic characteristics. RESULTS Around half of the survey respondents supported plain packaging and almost a further quarter reported being neutral on the issue. Only one in three smokers disagreed with the introduction of a plain packaging policy. A majority of respondents supported smoking bans at five of the six nominated venues, with support being strongest among those with children under the age of 15 years. The venues with the highest levels of support were those where smoke-free policies had already been voluntarily introduced by the venue managers, where children were most likely to be in attendance, and that were more limited in size. CONCLUSIONS The study results demonstrate community support for new tobacco control policies. This evidence can be used by public policy makers in their deliberations relating to the introduction of more extensive tobacco control regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rosenberg
- Health Promotion Evaluation Unit, School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Simone Pettigrew
- Health Promotion Evaluation Unit, School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Lisa Wood
- Centre for the Built Environment and Health, School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Renee Ferguson
- Health Promotion Evaluation Unit, School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Stephen Houghton
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Related Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Carson KV, Brinn MP, Labiszewski NA, Esterman AJ, Chang AB, Smith BJ. Community interventions for preventing smoking in young people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; 2013:CD001291. [PMID: 21735383 PMCID: PMC11384554 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd001291.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable death in the world. Decisions to smoke are often made within a broad social context and therefore community interventions using coordinated, multi-component programmes may be effective in influencing the smoking behaviour of young people. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of multi-component community based interventions in influencing smoking behaviour, which includes preventing the uptake of smoking in young people. SEARCH STRATEGY The Tobacco Addiction group's specialised register, Medline and other health, psychology and public policy electronic databases were searched, the bibliographies of identified studies were checked and raw data was requested from study authors. Searches were updated in August 2010. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized and non randomized controlled trials that assessed the effectiveness of multi-component community interventions compared to no intervention or to single component or school-based programmes only. Reported outcomes had to include smoking behaviour in young people under the age of 25 years. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Information relating to the characteristics and the content of community interventions, participants, outcomes and methods of the study was extracted by one reviewer and checked by a second. Studies were combined in a meta-analysis where possible and reported in narrative synthesis in text and table. MAIN RESULTS Twenty-five studies were included in the review and sixty-eight studies did not meet all of the inclusion criteria. All studies used a controlled trial design, with fifteen using random allocation of schools or communities. One study reported a reduction in short-term smoking prevalence (twelve months or less), while nine studies detected significant long-term effects. Two studies reported significantly lower smoking rates in the control population while the remaining thirteen studies showed no significant difference between groups. Improvements were seen in secondary outcomes for intentions to smoke in six out of eight studies, attitudes in five out of nine studies, perceptions in two out of six studies and knowledge in three out of six studies, while significant differences in favour of the control were seen in one of the nine studies assessing attitudes and one of six studies assessing perceptions. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is some evidence to support the effectiveness of community interventions in reducing the uptake of smoking in young people, but the evidence is not strong and contains a number of methodological flaws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin V Carson
- Clinical Practice Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 4A Main Building, 28 Woodville Road Woodville South, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, 5011
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