1
|
Sagar S, Bhattarai D, Ghimire S, Bhattarai A, Wagle A, Subedi K. Tobacco use, secondhand exposure and knowledge of secondhand and third-hand smoke among medical college students in Western Nepal: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e086266. [PMID: 39299791 PMCID: PMC11418549 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-086266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of tobacco use, secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and knowledge about SHS and third-hand smoke (THS) exposure among students in a medical college in Western Nepal. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study. SETTING Data collection was done from 8 July 2023 to 8 August 2023 in a medical college in Nepal. PARTICIPANTS This study was conducted on undergraduate students studying in a medical college in Western Nepal using a census (whole population) sampling technique. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of tobacco use was assessed by asking a question, 'Did you use tobacco products within the last 30 days?'. Secondhand smoke exposure and knowledge about SHS and THS exposure were assessed by using structured questionnaires. The χ2 test was used to compare the group exposed and non-exposed to tobacco, SHS and THS by sociodemographic variables (sex, residence, year of study and academic stream). RESULTS The response rate was 96.43% (n=595/617). The overall prevalence of tobacco use was found to be 16.30%. A total of 88.83% of students from clinical years knew about SHS which was more than preclinical students (p <0.001). The Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery students have higher knowledge of SHS as compared with others (p =0.003). More than 95% of students favoured banning smoking in public places. Nearly half of the participants (45.45%) experienced SHS exposure in the last 7 days. More than half proportion of the clinical students knew about THS, which was higher than preclinical students and interns (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Tobacco use prevalence among the participants was found to be lower in comparison to other studies including medical students in several Asian countries. Despite more than three-fourths of students knowing the harmful effects of SHS exposure, almost one-half of them were exposed to SHS. The proportion of students who knew about THS exposure was comparably lower.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Sagar
- Department of Community Dentistry, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center Pvt Ltd, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal
| | - Dikshya Bhattarai
- Department of Community Dentistry, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center Pvt Ltd, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal
| | - Srijana Ghimire
- Department of Community Dentistry, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center Pvt Ltd, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal
| | - Apeksha Bhattarai
- Department of Community Dentistry, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center Pvt Ltd, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal
| | - Anupa Wagle
- Department of Community Dentistry, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center Pvt Ltd, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal
| | - Krishna Subedi
- Department of Community Dentistry, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center Pvt Ltd, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Thomas KR, Reddy BV. A study on measure of resilience and impact of demanding clinical training on young medical professional's burnout in a tertiary care hospital, Andhra Pradesh. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:390. [PMID: 38333178 PMCID: PMC10852162 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_321_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The psychological state of medical students gaining concern on the part of medical institutions in several countries. Numerous studies are being conducted to study stress, burnout, and depression in medical students in India and globally. However, little is known about medical student resilience, particularly in India. The objectives of this study were to study the resilience, self-perceptions of stress coping skills, and burnout among medical students in clinical training in a tertiary care health center, to study factors associated with resilience among medical students in clinical training in a tertiary care health center and to study the relationship between resilience and self-perceptions of stress coping skills and symptoms of burnout. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary healthcare hospital in district Guntur, Andhra Pradesh from November 2020 to December 2020, among 186 adult male and female medical students, aged more than 20 years, enrolled in the regular degree course and part of patient care or at least last three months. Participants were randomly selected and a structured questionnaire with Connor Davidson Resilience Scale 10 was used for interviewing. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted to measure associations between outcome and explanatory variables. We used multiple linear regression to examine the association between dependent and independent variables. A P value less than. 05 was considered significant. RESULTS In the present study, 109 (58.0%) were females. The mean age of the study participants was 25.4 years (standard deviation 2.78). The mean score resilience score of the study participants using Connor Davidson Resilience Scale 10 was 25.1 (standard deviation 7.97). Of the total 44 (23.7%) of the study, participants reported the presence of burnout. A significant positive correlation was between resilience and self-perceptions of stress-coping skills with a Pearson Correlation coefficient of 0.393. Among the study participants, the mean resilience score was higher among those not having any symptoms of burnout. In the hierarchical stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, male gender (P value = .014), financial independence (P value = .044), and absence of burnout symptoms (P value = .004) were significantly associated with higher resilience scores. Psychiatric medicine usage was significantly associated with a lower resilience score with P < .05. CONCLUSION Our study samples had higher resilience and lower burnout prevalence compared to the West. The stressful clinical event experienced by medical students demands training and innovative strategies to foster communication and teamwork skills among medical teams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Roma Thomas
- MBBS, Department of Community Medicine, NRI Medical College and General Hospital, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - B Venkatashiva Reddy
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gupta H, Gupta S, Rozatkar AR. Magnitude of Substance Use and Its Associated Factors Among the Medical Students in India and Implications for Medical Education: A Narrative Review. Indian J Psychol Med 2022; 44:218-226. [PMID: 35656413 PMCID: PMC9125464 DOI: 10.1177/02537176211032366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students are at an increased risk of developing substance use and related problems (SURP) because of the inherent stress associated with the professional medical course apart from the developmental risk factors. However, this is under-researched. Moreover, a comprehensive review on the prevalence of SURP among the medical undergraduates (UGs) and associated factors is lacking from India. To fill this gap, the current research work is aimed to review the existing literature on the magnitude of the SURP among UGs of India and its determinants. METHODS PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar databases were searched for the original articles studying the prevalence of SURP among medical UGs of India, published from inception till date. Non-original articles, studies on behavioral addictions, and those not directly assessing the prevalence of SURP among the medical UGs were excluded. RESULTS A total of 39 studies were found eligible for the review. Alcohol (current use: 3.2%-43.8%), followed by tobacco (3.7%-28.8%) and cannabis (1.6%-15%), were the common substances used by the medical students. Among the females, an increasing trend of substance use, particularly of nonprescription sedatives (even higher than males), alcohol, and smoking, was seen. Family history, peer pressure, transition from school to college life, and progression in the medical course were important associated factors. CONCLUSION Sensitizing medical students and college authorities, increasing the duration of training on SURP in medical curricula, and providing psychological support for the students with SURP could address this issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himank Gupta
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462020, India
| | - Snehil Gupta
- Dept. of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462020, India
| | - Abhijit R Rozatkar
- Dept. of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462020, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ilić M, Grujičić M, Novaković B, Vrkatić A, Lozanov-Crvenković Z. Cigarette Smoking among Medical Students from the Western Balkan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3055. [PMID: 35270751 PMCID: PMC8910248 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19053055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
University student's smoking is a significant public health problem. It is estimated that, globally, every fifth medical student is a smoker. So far, no research dealing with cigarette smoking among medical students has been conducted in the countries of the Western Balkans. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors of cigarette smoking among Western Balkans medical students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2452 students from 14 medical faculties in the Western Balkans (Republic of Slovenia, Republic of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republic of North Macedonia and Republic of Serbia). The data were gathered through an online survey. There were significantly more non-smokers than smokers among medical students. Only gender and parents smoking status were statistically significantly associated with students smoking status. The smokers were more often male students, who lived in urban areas prior their studies, and whose parents were both smokers. With the aim of monitoring and enhancing student population health, it is necessary for public health activists and health officials to continually survey the students' smoking status in order to recognize the smoking influencing factors, and form and take on appropriate activities to improve the prevention of cigarette smoking among students, as well as motivate those who smoke to give up smoking, which would contribute to improving the health of the student population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Ilić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.N.); (A.V.)
| | - Maja Grujičić
- Department of General Education Subjects, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Budimka Novaković
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.N.); (A.V.)
| | - Aleksandra Vrkatić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.N.); (A.V.)
| | - Zagorka Lozanov-Crvenković
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sagaonkar P, Pattanshetty R. Effect of medical qigong therapy on distress, fatigue, and quality of life in head and neck cancer patients undergoing intensity-modulated radiation therapy: A single arm clinical trial. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_15_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
6
|
Menon PG, George S, Nair BS, Rani A, Thennarasu K, Jaisoorya TS. Tobacco Use Among College Students Across Various Disciplines in Kerala, India. Tob Use Insights 2020; 13:1179173X20938773. [PMID: 32699498 PMCID: PMC7357023 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x20938773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco use is a major public health concern in India. Its use in young people is linked to increased severity, longer duration, and reduced efforts to seek treatment for tobacco use. A significant proportion of young people are enrolled in colleges, and early prevention during this period has better effectiveness. There is preliminary evidence that prevalence may vary across courses even among students of the same sociocultural background. Hence, we compared the prevalence and correlates of tobacco use among college students enrolled in five common streams of collegiate education (medical, nursing, engineering, arts/science and others, law/fisheries) in Kerala, India. Methods 5784 college students from 58 colleges (medical, nursing, engineering, arts, and law and fisheries) selected by cluster random sampling in the district of Ernakulum, Kerala, completed a self-administered questionnaire incorporating standardized instruments. R software was used for analyses. Lifetime prevalence and severity of tobacco use were determined. Sociodemographic variables of tobacco users and nonusers enrolled in various courses were compared using chi-square test and two-way ANOVA. Furthermore, for each course, factors influencing tobacco use were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results The mean age of the sample was 19.5 ± 1.9 years, with the majority being female (65.3%). Lifetime prevalence of tobacco use varied from 0.5% in nursing students, 4.2% in medical students, 8.2% in students of arts and science, 12.5% in engineering students, and 22.8% among other students (law/fisheries). Approximately two-thirds of all tobacco users across courses showed signs of nicotine dependence. Dependent users also showed variance with none in nursing, 2.6% among medicine, 1.6% among arts and science, 1.9% among engineering, and 6.3% among others. Male gender and alcohol use were consistently associated with tobacco use across courses, whereas other examined psychosocial correlates showed variance. Conclusions To conclude, it appears that among college students, course-level characteristics may influence risk of tobacco use. This has public health importance as it suggests that interventions need to be tailored bearing this in mind. Future research needs to examine campus-level characteristics that may explain variance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya G Menon
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Ernakulam, India
| | - Sanju George
- Department of Psychology, Rajagiri School of Behavioural Sciences and Research, Ernakulam, India
| | | | - Anjana Rani
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Ernakulam, India
| | - K Thennarasu
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - T S Jaisoorya
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alves RF, Precioso J, Becoña E. Smoking behavior and secondhand smoke exposure among university students in northern Portugal: Relations with knowledge on tobacco use and attitudes toward smoking. Pulmonology 2020; 28:193-202. [PMID: 32444313 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of active smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among college students in the north of Portugal, and analyze the relationship between knowledge about tobacco use and attitudes toward smoking. MATERIALS AND METHODS This a cross-sectional study with a representative sample of college students (n=840) in one university in Portugal. A validated self-reported questionnaire was administered to a proportional stratified random sample during the academic year of 2018/2019. We evaluated associations between smoking status, SHS exposure, smokers peers, knowledge and attitudes toward smoking and sociodemographic variables. RESULTS The results showed that 20.1% of the students surveyed were current smokers (7.3% occasional smokers, 2.9% regular smokers and 9.9% daily smokers). Most current smokers started smoking before the age of 17 (61.4%) and reported never having tried to quit smoking (59.7%). Only 34.4% of students reported (almost) not having been in enclosed spaces with smokers in the past 7 days. Exposure to SHS and having smoker friends contributes to the prevalence of tobacco use. In general, students showed favorable attitudes toward smoking, especially those who are smokers, have smoking friends and are more exposed to SHS. The level of knowledge about tobacco was moderate, with a higher number of correct responses by former smokers. CONCLUSIONS These results suggests an urgent need for socio-educational programs for counseling on smoking cessation. In addition, is also strongly recommended that, throughout academic training, students develop personal and social skills for dealing with the tobacco epidemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R F Alves
- CIEC - Research Centre Child Studies, Institute of Education - University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
| | - J Precioso
- CIEC - Research Centre Child Studies, Institute of Education - University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - E Becoña
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kaushik M, Nazari A, Simon N, Akinola A. In Amarpur village, Uttar Pradesh, India, May 2019: A cross-sectional study. CHRISMED JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_69_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
9
|
Granja GL, Lacerda-Santos JT, Brilhante DDM, Nóbrega ÍDS, Granville-Garcia AF, Caldas Junior ADF, dos Santos JA. Smoking and alcohol consumption among university students of the healthcare area. J Public Health (Oxf) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-018-01011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
10
|
Rehman R, Zafar A, Mohib A, Baig M. A Gender-based Comparison in Health Behaviors and State of Happiness among University Students. Cureus 2018; 10:e2342. [PMID: 29796354 PMCID: PMC5959310 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.2342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The presence of good healthy behaviors among university students is imperative for their future life. This study aimed to compare positive health behaviors and state of happiness between the two genders of Bahria University (BU), Karachi, Pakistan. Subjects and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at BU, Karachi, Pakistan. A total 813 students participated in this study. The health questionnaire, adapted from Health and Behavior Survey and the Subjective Happiness Scale, was used to assess self-reported happiness. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22. Results Overall self-reported health behaviors were found to be more prevalent in females as compared to males, but males reported a better self-reported general health (p = 0.012). Testicular and breast self-examination was not common in both genders. Smoking was found to be more common in males (p < 0.01). Males exhibited habit of regular breakfast (p = 0.013) whereas females showed a tendency to avoid food rich in cholesterol and fat (p < 0.01) and the practice of consuming food rich in fiber was found to be more prevalent among females (p < 0.01) and they showed urge to lose weight (p < 0.01). Sleep disturbance was found in both genders, more so in females (p = 0.012). Consciousness about dental hygiene was common in females (p < 0.01). As compared to the females, more males strongly believe that they are very happy in life (p < 0.01), and they make the most out of everything in life (p < 0.01). Conclusion There was a diverse response to positive health behaviors and state of happiness in both genders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rehana Rehman
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi
| | - Amara Zafar
- Dow Medical College, Civil Hospital Karachi, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aleena Mohib
- Dow Medical College, Civil Hospital Karachi, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bhattacharyya H, Pala S, Medhi GK, Sarkar A, Roy D. Tobacco: Consumption pattern and risk factors in selected areas of Shillong, Meghalaya. J Family Med Prim Care 2018; 7:1406-1410. [PMID: 30613533 PMCID: PMC6293893 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_140_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The percentage of adults above 15 years who consume tobacco in Meghalaya as per the Global Adult Tobacco survey is 55.2%. Aim: In the context of the high burden of tobacco use in Meghalaya, this study aims to study the consumption pattern and the sociodemographic correlates of tobacco use in the urban slums of Shillong, Meghalaya. Materials and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study conducted in adults over 15 years of age. Data collection was done by personal interview using a pretested questionnaire during house-to-house visit after taking informed verbal consent. Results: A total of 400 people were included in this study. Most of the study population belonged to the age group 15–24 years (120, 30%). The majority of the study population (322, 80.5%) were aware of the health hazards of tobacco consumption. Most of the population (287, 71.75%) were tobacco consumers with 265 (76.4%) of them having co-addictions. In the study, 35% consumed smokeless forms, 30% were into smoking, and 35% consumed both forms. A significant association was observed between the status of tobacco consumption and knowledge of second-hand smoke harm (P = 0.019) as well as knowledge of any law regulating tobacco consumption (P = 0.026). Conclusion: It was observed that despite having a basic knowledge of the ill effects of tobacco, its consumption is still widely prevalent in the region. There is a need for stringent laws regarding tobacco consumption and proper measures should be taken to enforce these laws.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Star Pala
- Department of Community Medicine, NEIGRIHMS, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - G K Medhi
- Department of Community Medicine, NEIGRIHMS, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - A Sarkar
- Department of Community Medicine, NEIGRIHMS, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Debjit Roy
- Department of Community Medicine, NEIGRIHMS, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| |
Collapse
|