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Bello KE, Mat Jusoh TNA, Irekeola AA, Abu N, Mohd Amin NAZ, Mustaffa N, Shueb RH. A Recent Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotypes and Subtypes in Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11071011. [PMID: 37046937 PMCID: PMC10094200 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11071011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Despite introducing the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine, the incidence of the Hepatitis B virus globally is still a major health concern. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to provide detailed information on the prevalence of HBV genotypes and subtypes in circulation in Asia. Methods: A systematic search for articles describing the prevalence of HBV genotypes and subtypes in Asia was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: Our search returned 207 eligible articles involving 49,279 genotypes and 7457 subtypes representing 28 Asian countries. A meta-analysis was performed on our eligible studies using the Random effect Model. The pooled prevalence of HBV genotypes showed that genotype C (30.9%) (95% CI, 27.5–34.5%; I2 = 97.57%; p < 0.001) was the most common HBV genotype in Asia, followed by genotype B (17.8%) (95% CI, 15.5–20.4%; I2 = 97.26%; p < 0.001) and genotype D (15.4%) (95% CI, 11.8–19.8%). Vietnam had the highest prevalence of genotype B, Lebanon had the highest prevalence of genotypes C, and Jordan had the highest prevalence of genotype D. There was variation in genotypic prevalence with respect to the target genes for HBV genotyping. Reverse dot blot hybridization had the highest estimate of genotypes B and C. HBV subtype C2 (40.0%) (95% CI, 33.3–47.0) is the most prevalent HBV subtype. Conclusion: Evidence from this study reveals that HBV genotypes C and B are the most dominant HBV genotypes in Asia, and HBV subtype C2 is more endemic in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kizito Eneye Bello
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Science, Kogi State University (Prince Abubakar Audu University), Anyigba 1008, Kogi State, Nigeria
| | - Tuan Nur Akmalina Mat Jusoh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University Offa, Offa 4412, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Norhidayah Abu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Advanced Materials Research Centre (A.M.R.E.C.), Lot 34 Jalan Hi-Tech 2/3, Kulim Hi-Tech Park, Kulim 09000, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Nur Amalin Zahirah Mohd Amin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nazri Mustaffa
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rafidah Hanim Shueb
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (I.N.F.O.R.M.M.), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Khamseh A, Poortahmasebi V, Soltani S, Nasiritoosi M, Jafarian A, Ghaziasadi A, Norouzi M, Ghorbani S, Eslami N, Jazayeri SM. Characterization of occult hepatitis B infection among Iranian liver transplant recipients. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24614. [PMID: 36086860 PMCID: PMC9551123 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) among Iranian liver transplant recipient patients has not been explored yet. The present study aimed to determine the OBI prevalence among Iranian liver transplant recipients. Methods This study encompassed 97 patients having undergone liver transplantation due to several clinical backgrounds in the Liver Transplantation Center, Tehran, Iran. After serological evaluation, two different types of PCR methods were applied for amplification of HBV DNA, followed by the direct sequencing of whole hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface genes. Results At the time of admission, none of the patients were positive for HBsAg. However, 24 (25%), 12 (12.3%), and 5 (5.1%) cases were positive for anti‐HBc, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) antibodies, respectively. Moreover, two males were positive for OBI (2.1%). Both were positive for anti‐HBc and negative for anti‐HBs, anti‐HCV, and anti‐HDV. HBV‐related cirrhosis was the underlying reason for their liver transplantation. HBsAg sequences revealed no amino acid substitution. Conclusions The prevalence of OBI in the Iranian liver transplantation patients was relatively low. Future longitudinal studies with a larger sample size are suggested to explore the significance of this clinical finding, including the reactivation of cryptic HBV DNA, in liver transplant subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Khamseh
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahdat Poortahmasebi
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saber Soltani
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nasiritoosi
- Liver Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Jafarian
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Ghaziasadi
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Norouzi
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saied Ghorbani
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Eslami
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Jazayeri
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Xie WY, Sun C, He H, Deng C, Sheng Y. Estimates of the prevalence of occult HBV infection in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infect Dis (Lond) 2022; 54:881-896. [PMID: 36047593 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2022.2115126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Occult Hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) is of great significance to the transmission of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the evolution of the patient's clinical outcome. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of OBI in Asia. METHODS Literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library database, Web of Science and Embase with the keywords of 'Hepatitis B virus', 'occult infection', 'prevalence'. 70 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of OBI and 95% confidence interval (CI). The data were analyzed in R 4.1.2. RESULTS The overall prevalence of OBI was 4% (95%CI: 0.03-0.06) in Asia. Subgroup analysis based on geographic region showed a prevalence of 3% (95%CI 0.02-0.06) in East Asia, 9% (95%CI 0.05-0.15) in West Asia, 3% (95%CI 0.01-0.11) in Southern Asia and 9% (95%CI 0.05-0.15) in Southeast Asia. Subgroup analysis demonstrated a prevalence of 1% (95%CI 0.00-0.02) in general population, 5% (95%CI: 0.03-0.08) in high-risk population, 9% (95%CI: 0.03-0.22) in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patient, 18% (95%CI: 0.09-0.32) in the hepatopathy patients. CONCLUSION Based on the meta-analysis of the prevalence of OBI in different populations, we concluded that the prevalence of OBI in the high-risk population, hepatopathy patients, and HIV-infected patients was higher than that in the general population. A systematic review showed that OBI was associated with disease progression and prognosis. Therefore, these populations should be routinely screened for OBI and promptly intervened to avoid promoting disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yangyang Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Changfeng Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Infection & Immunity Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hongyan He
- Experimental Teaching Center, School of Public Health of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Cunliang Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yunjian Sheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Infection & Immunity Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Occult hepatitis B virus infection among patients with chronic liver disease of unidentified cause, Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13188. [PMID: 35915105 PMCID: PMC9343390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) characterized by the absence of detectable HBsAg in the presence of HBV DNA in the serum and/or liver tissue remains a potential risk of transmission and diseases progression among different population groups. It could be associated with asymptomatic case up to chronic liver disease (CLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude and characteristics of OBI among patients with CLD of unidentified cause in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The study was conducted at the gastroenterology & hepatology referral clinic of three government and two private hospitals in Addis Ababa. Known CLD patients as evidenced by clinical and imaging criteria and/or with HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) negative results using rapid test kit were included. ELISA serological test to anti-HBc Ab, anti HBsAg Ab, and HBsAg were determined using BIORAD kits [https://www.bio-rad.com]. HBV-DNA was amplified, and viral loads were determined by quantitative real-time PCR using Abbott m2000rt platform following the manufacturer's instructions. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20.A total of 48 CLD patients with no identified cause for their liver disease were identified during the study period. All the patients had evidence of CLD by clinical and imaging criteria and nine were excluded. Three (7.69%) of the 39 patients tested positive for HBsAg test done by ELISA making the negative predictive value of the rapid test kits 92.3% compared to ELISA. The remaining 36 patients had serology test for HBV and 16 (44.4%) had positive anti-HBV core antibody. Two (5.56%) of the 36 patients with HBV viral load determination had detectable HBV DNA suggesting presence of an occult hepatitis B infection. Occult hepatitis B infection is found to be an aetiology among CLD patients labelled as having no identified cause by the current standard of care using rapid HBsAg kits in a subset of patients in Ethiopia. This study signifies the high rate of OBI and past evidence of HBV infection among CLD patients and thus nucleic acid testing and/or anti-HBc shall be integrated to the routine health care system to minimize HBV infection risk of transmission and to enhance patient care.
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Moayedi J, Moini M, Geramizadeh B, Malekhosseini SA, Yaghobi R. Seropositive Form of Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Iranian Patients with Cryptogenic Liver Cirrhosis. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2019; In Press. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.84806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Salehi-Vaziri M, Sadeghi F, Almasi Hashiani A, Gholami Fesharaki M, Alavian SM. Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the General Population of Iran: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2016; 16:e35577. [PMID: 27257428 PMCID: PMC4888501 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.35577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major global public health problem, affecting more than 2 billion people worldwide. Accurate and updated data on HBV prevalence is important for further planning to control the infection. The aim of this study was to update the prevalence estimate of HBV infection in the general population of Iran. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic review was done for data on the prevalence of HBV infection in the general Iranian population published between Jan. 1, 1990, and Jan. 1, 2016, in both international and national databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Scientific Information Database, IranMedex, and Magiran. All papers with clearly described time and location of the study, proper sampling strategies, and proper analysis methods were included in the present study. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. Prevalence of HBV infection with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using Stata software, version 13. RESULTS The polled estimated prevalence of HBV infection in the general population of Iran was 2.2 % (95% CI: 1.9% - 2.6%). The highest prevalence of HBV infection (8.9%, 95% CI: 7.6% - 10.2%) was reported from Golestan province, and the lowest prevalence (0.7%, 95% CI: 0.4% - 1.1%) was seen in Kermanshah province. The prevalence of HBV infection was estimated at 3% (95% CI: 2.2% - 3.8%) for Iranian males and 1.7% (95% CI: 1.2% - 2.3%) for Iranian females. The prevalence of HBV infection in the general population of Iran was 2.9% (95% CI: 2.5% - 3.4%) before 2010 and 1.3% (95% CI: 0.9% - 1.7%) after 2010. CONCLUSIONS In total, Iran was classified within the low-intermediate HBV prevalence areas (2% - 4%), while according to recent data (after 2010), Iran was classified within the low HBV prevalence areas (< 2%), indicating that preventive measures conducted in Iran have been effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Salehi-Vaziri
- Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Farzin Sadeghi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran
| | - Amir Almasi Hashiani
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Seyed Moayed Alavian, Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-2188945186, E-mail:
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Amarapurkar D, Amarapurkar A. Indications of Liver Biopsy in the Era of Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2015; 5:314-9. [PMID: 26900273 PMCID: PMC4723644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver biopsy (LB) has been used as diagnostic modality in liver diseases (LD). Over last two decades, there has been remarkable improvement in understanding of natural history, molecular diagnostics of viral hepatitis, genetic of LD, and also limitations of LB. There is current trend in avoiding LB in the management of various LDs. AIM To determine utility of LB in clinical practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a prospective study, 2413 patients of LD were followed up, 219 (9%) were acute, and remaining 2194 (90.9%) were chronic LD. Patients were evaluated by biochemical parameters, virological studies, and imaging endoscopy as and when required. LB was performed in 176 (7.2%) patients when no conclusion could be drawn from the noninvasive workup. Patients with platelet count <50,000/cm(2), ascites, and overt bleeding were excluded. Patients with international normalization ratio (INR) more than 1.5 were not excluded. No prophylactic use of fresh frozen plasma and platelet transfusion was done. There was no major complication related to the procedure. Indications for LB were as follows: cryptogenic LD 38 cases, hepatitis B infection 35, suspected autoimmune hepatitis 30, mass lesion in the liver and lymphoma 29, evaluation of portal hypertension 15, elevated liver enzymes 11, hepatitis C infection 9, and drug-induced LD 4, and miscellaneous 5 cases which were primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, cholestatic LD, sarcoidosis, and amyloidosis. RESULTS LB changed the diagnosis in 55 (31.2%). These were cryptogenic LD in 24 cases, portal hypertension 15, elevated liver enzymes 11, and 5 others. In remaining, LB confirmed clinical diagnosis and helped in making management decisions. CONCLUSION LB was required in 7.2% of patients with chronic LD. In 31.2% cases, LB changed the diagnosis. LB was a safe procedure even in presence of low platelet count and abnormal INR.
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Key Words
- AIH, autoimmune hepatitis
- APRI, aspartate transaminases to platelet ratio index
- CMV, cytomegalovirus
- EBV, Epstein bar virus
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HEV, hepatitis E virus
- INCPH, idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension
- LB, liver biopsy
- LD, liver disease
- NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- NRH, nodular regenerative hyperplasia
- autoimmune hepatitis
- cryptogenic cirrhosis
- noncirrhotic portal hypertension
- steatohepatitis
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Hashemi SJ, Hajiani E, Masjedizadeh A, Makvandi M, Shayesteh AA, Alavinejad SP, Kadkhodaei A, Shahbazian H, Jasemi F, Karimi M. Occult hepatitis B infection in patients with cryptogenic liver cirrhosis in southwest of iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e16873. [PMID: 25861432 PMCID: PMC4386076 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.16873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has a broad spectrum of manifestation, ranging from silent carrier state to advanced cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The persistence of HBV DNA in serum and hepatocytes of the cirrhotic patient could be detected by molecular techniques in spite of negative HBV serologic markers. Objectives: This case-control study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of occult HBV infection (OBI) in patients with cryptogenic liver cirrhosis in comparison with healthy subjects. Patients and Methods: Of 165 patients with liver cirrhosis, 50 consecutive patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis and 80 healthy individual without any risk factors as a control group were enrolled in this study. Their sera were tested for HBV DNA using nested PCR method. Results: Of 50 patients with cryptogenic cirrhotic, 36 (72%) were male. The mean age of patients was 53.34 ± 14.73 years; 80 healthy subjects were selected as control group with mean age of 32.65 ± 8.51 years; 7 (14%) of the patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis showed positive HBV DNA by PCR, while HBV DNA was negative for the control group (P = 0.0001); 4 (57%) cases with positive HBV shown by PCR were negative for anti-HBc and anti-HBs tests. The mean level of transaminases was significantly higher in patients with cirrhosis. There were no significant differences in demographic parameters, transaminases level and degree of hepatic failure among cirrhotic patients with and without OBI. Conclusions: The prevalence of OBI was relatively high in patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis. OBI was found among the patients above 40 years old. Prospective cohort studies are needed to evaluate the clinical significance of OBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Jalal Hashemi
- Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Seyed Jalal Hashemi, Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9161110261, E-mail:
| | - Eskandar Hajiani
- Research Institute for Infectious Disease of Digestive System, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Abdolrahim Masjedizadeh
- Research Institute for Infectious Disease of Digestive System, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Manoochehr Makvandi
- Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Shayesteh
- Research Institute for Infectious Disease of Digestive System, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Seyed Pejman Alavinejad
- Research Institute for Infectious Disease of Digestive System, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Ahmad Kadkhodaei
- Research Institute for Infectious Disease of Digestive System, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Heshmatollah Shahbazian
- Research Institute for Infectious Disease of Digestive System, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Farzad Jasemi
- Research Institute for Infectious Disease of Digestive System, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Mohamad Karimi
- Research Institute for Infectious Disease of Digestive System, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
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Zhao ZZ, Fan XT, Xiernayi•Abuduheilili, Shi XJ, Halida•Xiaerfuhazi, Chen L, He FP. Etiological features of cirrhosis in patients negative for HBsAg but positive for anti-HBs, anti-HBe or anti-HBc. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:4844-4848. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i31.4844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the features of the etiology of cirrhosis in patients negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), but positive for hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs), hepatitis B e antibody (anti-HBe) or hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc).
METHODS: This was a retrospective case-control study. In patients with cirrhosis treated from January 2001 to December 2013 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were initially included. According to hepatitis B virus test results, patients who were HBsAg (-), but anti-HBs (+), anti-HBe (+) or anti-HBc (+) and those with cryptogenic cirrhosis were included into a study group and a control group, respectively. Demographic information and the incidence of metabolic syndrome and liver cancer were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS: Among the initially included 7012 in patients with cirrhosis, 220 (3.14%) were HBsAg negative but anti-HBs, anti-HBe or anti-HBc positive, and 147 (2.10%) had cryptogenic cirrhosis. The mean age was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The proportions of male patients (P < 0.05) and Han patients (P < 0.05) and the incidence of liver cancer (P < 0.05) were significantly higher, and the incidence of diabetes and high blood pressure (P < 0.05) was significantly lower in the study group than in the cryptogenic cirrhosis group.
CONCLUSION: The two groups of patients had statistical differences in gender, age and the incidence of metabolic syndrome and liver cancer, suggesting that there are different etiological factors between HBV-associated cirrhosis and cryptogenic cirrhosis.
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