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Tallman PS, Miller AA, Brandley SR, Lee CC, Cepon-Robins TJ, Gildner TE, Collins SM. Helicobacter pylori exposure among the Awajún of the Peruvian Amazon: Prevalence and environmental, social, and biological associations. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024:e24941. [PMID: 38615180 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-a gastric bacteria affecting almost 50% of the global population and leading to ulcers and cancer in severe cases-is a growing health concern among Indigenous populations who report a high burden of reported poor general health and gastrointestinal distress. We test hypothesized associations between H. pylori exposure patterns and environmental, social, and biological conditions among a sample of 212 Indigenous Awajún adults (112 males, 100 females, ages 18-65 years) living in the northern Peruvian Amazon. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dried blood spots were analyzed for H. pylori-specific IgG using a recently developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Resulting seropositivity rates and antibody concentrations, proxying past exposures to H. pylori were analyzed in relation to relevant environmental (toilet type, floor material, reported water quality), social (household size and education level), and biological (age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, immune and metabolic biomarkers) factors using multivariable regression analyses. RESULTS We found near ubiquitous seropositivity for H. pylori exposure in our sample (99.1% seropositive). In the regression analyses, elevations in H. pylori antibody concentrations were significantly higher among males compared to females (β = 0.36, p = 0.01). No associations were found with any other factors. DISCUSSION Anthropological research in the study communities suggests that the male bias in elevations of H. pylori antibody concentrations is related to cultural and biological factors. Future research is needed to further unravel these biocultural dynamics and determine whether elevations in H. pylori antibody concentrations have clinical relevance for gastrointestinal health outcomes in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula S Tallman
- Department of Anthropology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Aaron A Miller
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Sophea R Brandley
- Department of Anthropology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cassie C Lee
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Tara J Cepon-Robins
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Theresa E Gildner
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Shalean M Collins
- Department of International Health and Sustainable Development, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Eslami O, Nakhaie M, Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd M, Azimi M, Shahabi E, Honarmand A, Khazaneha M. Global Trend on Machine Learning in Helicobacter within One Decade: A Scientometric Study. Glob Health Epidemiol Genom 2023; 2023:8856736. [PMID: 37600599 PMCID: PMC10439832 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8856736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to create a science map, provide structural analysis, investigate evolution, and identify new trends in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) research articles. Methods All Helicobacter publications were gathered from the Web of Science (WoS) database from August 2010 to 2021. The data were required for bibliometric analysis. The bibliometric analysis was performed with Bibliometrix R Tool. Bibliometric data were analyzed using the Bibliometrix Biblioshiny R-package software. Results A total of 17,413 articles were reviewed and analyzed, with descriptive characteristics of the H. pylori literature included. In journals, 21,102 keywords plus and 20,490 author keywords were reported. These articles were also written by 56,106 different authors, with 262 being single-author articles. Most authors' abstracts, titles, and keywords included "Helicobacter-pylori." Since 2010, the total number of H. pylori-related publications has been decreasing. Gut, PLOS ONE, and Gastroenterology are the most influential H. pylori journals, according to source impact. China, the United States, and Japan are the countries with most affiliations and subjects. In addition, Seoul National University has published the most articles about H. pylori. According to the cloud word plot, the authors' most frequently used keywords are gastric cancer (GC), H. pylori, gastritis, eradication, and inflammation. "Helicobacter pylori" and "infection" have the steepest slopes in terms of the upward trend of words used in articles from 2010 to 2021. Subjects such as GC, intestinal metaplasia, epidemiology, peptic ulcer, eradication, and clarithromycin are included in the diagram's motor theme section, according to strategic diagrams. According to the thematic evolution map, topics such as Helicobacter pylori infection, B-cell lymphoma, CagA, Helicobacter pylori, and infection were largely discussed between 2010 and 2015. From 2016 to 2021, the top topics covered included Helicobacter pylori, H. pylori infection, and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Eslami
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nakhaie
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Azimi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ellahe Shahabi
- Faculty of Management and Economics, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amin Honarmand
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Khazaneha
- Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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3
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Pei B, Wen Z, Yang Q, Wang J, Cao Q, Dai L, Li X. Risk Factors Analysis and Prediction Model Establishment of Intestinal Metaplasia or Dysplasia in Patients With Chronic Atrophic Gastritis: A Multi-Center Retrospective Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:912331. [PMID: 35665336 PMCID: PMC9157492 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.912331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the risk factors and construct a prediction model of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) patients with intestinal metaplasia or dysplasia. Method The clinical data of 450 patients with CAG who were diagnosed and treated in the Department of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2016 to February 2022 were collected. Single and multiple factors logistic regression analysis were used to explore the risk factors of intestinal metaplasia or dysplasia in patients of training cohort. Then, we constructed a model to predict the onset of intestinal metaplasia or dysplasia based on the data of training cohort, following which we tested the model in an external validation cohort of 193 patients from a local university teaching hospital. The ROC curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction model. Result Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori, HP) infection, pepsinogen I, gastrin-17, and the number of lesions were found to be independent rick factors of the model. The liner prediction model showed excellent predictive value in both training cohort and validation cohort. Conclusion HP infection, pepsinogen I, gastrin-17, and the number of lesions are independent risk factors for intestinal metaplasia or dysplasia in patients with CAG. The prediction model constructed based on these factors has a high accuracy and excellent calibration, which can provide a great basis for condition assessment and individualized treatment of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Pei
- The Graduated School, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ziang Wen
- The Graduated School, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jieyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qinglin Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Longfei Dai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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4
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Nath AN, Retnakumar RJ, Francis A, Chhetri P, Thapa N, Chattopadhyay S. Peptic Ulcer and Gastric Cancer: Is It All in the Complex Host-Microbiome Interplay That Is Encoded in the Genomes of "Us" and "Them"? Front Microbiol 2022; 13:835313. [PMID: 35547123 PMCID: PMC9083406 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.835313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly being recognized that severe gastroduodenal diseases such as peptic ulcer and gastric cancer are not just the outcomes of Helicobacter pylori infection in the stomach. Rather, both diseases develop and progress due to the perfect storms created by a combination of multiple factors such as the expression of different H. pylori virulence proteins, consequent human immune responses, and dysbiosis in gastrointestinal microbiomes. In this mini review, we have discussed how the genomes of H. pylori and other gastrointestinal microbes as well as the genomes of different human populations encode complex and variable virulome–immunome interplay, which influences gastroduodenal health. The heterogeneities that are encrypted in the genomes of different human populations and in the genomes of their respective resident microbes partly explain the inconsistencies in clinical outcomes among the H. pylori-infected people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angitha N Nath
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, India
| | - R J Retnakumar
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ashik Francis
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, India
| | - Prakash Chhetri
- Department of Zoology, Biotech Hub, Nar Bahadur Bhandari Degree College, Tadong, India
| | - Namrata Thapa
- Department of Zoology, Biotech Hub, Nar Bahadur Bhandari Degree College, Tadong, India
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Lam SY, Mommersteeg MC, Yu B, Broer L, Spaander MCW, Frost F, Weiss S, Völzke H, Lerch MM, Schöttker B, Zhang Y, Stocker H, Brenner H, Levy D, Hwang SJ, Wood AC, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Taylor KD, Tracy RP, Kabagambe EK, Leja M, Klovins J, Peculis R, Rudzite D, Nikitina-Zake L, Skenders G, Rovite V, Uitterlinden A, Kuipers EJ, Fuhler GM, Homuth G, Peppelenbosch MP. Toll-Like Receptor 1 Locus Re-examined in a Genome-Wide Association Study Update on Anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG Titers. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1705-1715. [PMID: 35031300 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS A genome-wide significant association between anti-Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) IgG titers and Toll-like receptor (TLR1/6/10) locus on 4p14 was demonstrated for individuals of European ancestry, but not uniformly replicated. We re-investigated this association in an updated genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis for populations with low gastric cancer incidence, address potential causes of cohort heterogeneity, and explore functional implications of genetic variation at the TLR1/6/10 locus. METHODS The dichotomous GWAS (25% individuals exhibiting highest anti-H pylori IgG titers vs remaining 75%) included discovery and replication sampls of, respectively, n = 15,685 and n = 9676, all of European ancestry. Longitudinal analysis of serologic data was performed on H pylori-eradicated subjects (n = 132) and patients under surveillance for premalignant gastric lesions (n = 107). TLR1/6/10 surface expression, TLR1 mRNA, and cytokine levels were measured in leukocyte subsets of healthy subjects (n = 26) genotyped for TLR1/6/10 variants. RESULTS The association of the TLR1/6/10 locus with anti-H pylori IgG titers (rs12233670; β = -0.267 ± SE 0.034; P = 4.42 × 10-15) presented with high heterogeneity and failed replication. Anti-H pylori IgG titers declined within 2-4 years after eradication treatment (P = 0.004), and decreased over time in patients with premalignant gastric lesions (P < 0.001). Variation at the TLR1/6/10 locus affected TLR1-mediated cytokine production and TLR1 surface expression on monocytes (P = 0.016) and neutrophils (P = 0.030), but not mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS The association between anti-H pylori IgG titers and TLR1/6/10 locus was not replicated across cohorts, possibly owing to dependency of anti-H pylori IgG titers on therapy, clearance, and antibody decay. H pylori-mediated immune cell activation is partly mediated via TLR1 signaling, which in turn is affected by genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Yee Lam
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel C Mommersteeg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bingting Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Linda Broer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manon C W Spaander
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fabian Frost
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yan Zhang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannah Stocker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA; Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA; Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexis C Wood
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Laboratory for Clinical Biochemistry Research, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Colchester, Vermont, USA
| | | | - Marcis Leja
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Janis Klovins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Riga, Latvia
| | - Raitis Peculis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Riga, Latvia
| | - Dace Rudzite
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Girts Skenders
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Vita Rovite
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Riga, Latvia
| | - André Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ernst J Kuipers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gwenny M Fuhler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Georg Homuth
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Avalueva EB, Serkova MY, Sitkin SI. <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>. The survival strategy of a commensal symbiont in the <i>Homo sapiens</i> population. EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY 2021:102-108. [DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-193-9-102-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Несмотря на крайне высокую степень инфицированности Helicobacter pylori в популяции Homo sapiens, подавляющее большинство инфицированных являются бессимптомными носителями. Широкое распространение инфекции H. pylori среди лиц без признаков патологии и низкая заболеваемость при хронической колонизации слизистой оболочки желудка указывают на то, что H. pylori с большей вероятностью является условно-патогенным микроорганизмом или патобионтом. Популяционная ликвидация инфекции H. pylori существенно снизила заболеваемость инфекцией H. pylori, однако появление устойчивости к противомикробным препаратам привело к их неэффективности.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. B. Avalueva
- North-Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov, Ministry of health of the Russian Federation
| | - M. Yu. Serkova
- North-Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov, Ministry of health of the Russian Federation
| | - S. I. Sitkin
- North-Western state medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov, Ministry of health of the Russian Federation; Almazov National Medical Research Centre
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7
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Teufel A, Quante M, Kandulski A, Hirth M, Zhan T, Eckardt M, Thieme R, Kusnik A, Yesmembetov K, Wiest I, Riemann JF, Schlitt HJ, Gockel I, Malfertheiner P, Ebert MP. [Prevention of gastrointestinal cancer]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2021; 59:964-982. [PMID: 34507375 DOI: 10.1055/a-1540-7539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the past decades, considerable progress has been made in the (early) diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. However, the prognosis for advanced stages of gastrointestinal tumors remains limited for many patients and approximately one third of all tumor patients die as a result of gastrointestinal tumors. The prevention and early detection of gastrointestinal tumors is therefore of great importance.For this reason, we summarize the current state of knowledge and recommendations for the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of esophageal, stomach, pancreas, liver and colorectal cancer in the following.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Teufel
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Sektion Hepatologie, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim.,Klinische Kooperationseinheit Healthy Metabolism, Zentrum für Präventivmedizin und Digitale Gesundheit Baden-Württemberg, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim
| | - Michael Quante
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau
| | - Arne Kandulski
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg
| | - Michael Hirth
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim
| | - Tianzuo Zhan
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim
| | - Maximilian Eckardt
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim
| | - René Thieme
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Department für Operative Medizin (DOPM), Universitatsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig
| | - Alexander Kusnik
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim
| | - Kakharman Yesmembetov
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Stoffwechselerkrankungen und Internistische Intensivmedizin (Med. III), RWTH Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen
| | - Isabella Wiest
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim
| | | | - Hans Jürgen Schlitt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Chirurgie, Universitatsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg
| | - Ines Gockel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Department für Operative Medizin (DOPM), Universitatsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig
| | - Peter Malfertheiner
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Medizinische Fakultät Magdeburg, Magdeburg
| | - Matthias Philip Ebert
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim.,Klinische Kooperationseinheit Healthy Metabolism, Zentrum für Präventivmedizin und Digitale Gesundheit Baden-Württemberg, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim
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8
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Suganuma M, Watanabe T, Sueoka E, Lim IK, Fujiki H. Role of TNF-α-Inducing Protein Secreted by Helicobacter pylori as a Tumor Promoter in Gastric Cancer and Emerging Preventive Strategies. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:181. [PMID: 33804551 PMCID: PMC7999756 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13030181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-inducing protein (tipα) gene family, comprising Helicobacter pylori membrane protein 1 (hp-mp1) and tipα, has been identified as a tumor promoter, contributing to H. pylori carcinogenicity. Tipα is a unique H. pylori protein with no similarity to other pathogenicity factors, CagA, VacA, and urease. American H. pylori strains cause human gastric cancer, whereas African strains cause gastritis. The presence of Tipα in American and Euro-Asian strains suggests its involvement in human gastric cancer development. Tipα secreted from H. pylori stimulates gastric cancer development by inducing TNF-α, an endogenous tumor promoter, through its interaction with nucleolin, a Tipα receptor. This review covers the following topics: tumor-promoting activity of the Tipα family members HP-MP1 and Tipα, the mechanism underlying this activity of Tipα via binding to the cell-surface receptor, nucleolin, the crystal structure of rdel-Tipα and N-terminal truncated rTipα, inhibition of Tipα-associated gastric carcinogenesis by tumor suppressor B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2/TIS21), and new strategies to prevent and treat gastric cancer. Thus, Tipα contributes to the carcinogenicity of H. pylori by a mechanism that differs from those of CagA and VacA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Suganuma
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Watanabe
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan;
| | - Eisaburo Sueoka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (E.S.); (H.F.)
| | - In Kyoung Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Hirota Fujiki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (E.S.); (H.F.)
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9
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Avni E, Snir S. A New Phylogenomic Approach For Quantifying Horizontal Gene Transfer Trends in Prokaryotes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12425. [PMID: 32709941 PMCID: PMC7381616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62446-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established nowadays that among prokaryotes, various families of orthologous genes exhibit conflicting evolutionary history. A prime factor for this conflict is horizontal gene transfer (HGT) - the transfer of genetic material not via vertical descent. Thus, the prevalence of HGT is challenging the meaningfulness of the classical Tree of Life concept. Here we present a comprehensive study of HGT representing the entire prokaryotic world. We mainly rely on a novel analytic approach for analyzing an aggregate of gene histories, by means of the quartet plurality distribution (QPD) that we develop. Through the analysis of real and simulated data, QPD is used to reveal evidence of a barrier against HGT, separating the archaea from the bacteria and making HGT between the two domains, in general, quite rare. In contrast, bacteria's confined HGT is substantially more frequent than archaea's. Our approach also reveals that despite intensive HGT, a strong tree-like signal can be extracted, corroborating several previous works. Thus, QPD, which enables one to analytically combine information from an aggregate of gene trees, can be used for understanding patterns and rates of HGT in prokaryotes, as well as for validating or refuting models of horizontal genetic transfers and evolution in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliran Avni
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 31905, Israel.
| | - Sagi Snir
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 31905, Israel.
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10
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Noureen M, Tada I, Kawashima T, Arita M. Rearrangement analysis of multiple bacterial genomes. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:631. [PMID: 31881830 PMCID: PMC6933940 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-3293-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genomes are subjected to rearrangements that change the orientation and ordering of genes during evolution. The most common rearrangements that occur in uni-chromosomal genomes are inversions (or reversals) to adapt to the changing environment. Since genome rearrangements are rarer than point mutations, gene order with sequence data can facilitate more robust phylogenetic reconstruction. Helicobacter pylori is a good model because of its unique evolution in niche environment. Results We have developed a method to identify genome rearrangements by comparing almost-conserved genes among closely related strains. Orthologous gene clusters, rather than the gene sequences, are used to align the gene order so that comparison of large number of genomes becomes easier. Comparison of 72 Helicobacter pylori strains revealed shared as well as strain-specific reversals, some of which were found in different geographical locations. Conclusion Degree of genome rearrangements increases with time. Therefore, gene orders can be used to study the evolutionary relationship among species and strains. Multiple genome comparison helps to identify the strain-specific as well as shared reversals. Identification of the time course of rearrangements can provide insights into evolutionary events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehwish Noureen
- National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Ipputa Tada
- National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawashima
- National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Masanori Arita
- National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan. .,Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan. .,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
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11
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Mahant S, Sharma AK, Gehlot V, Mukhopadhyay AK, Chhawchharia A, Dutta S, Agarwal A, Som A, Das K, Das R. Geographically distinct North-East Indian Helicobacter pylori strains are highly sensitive to clarithromycin but are levofloxacin resistant. Indian J Med Microbiol 2019; 37:337-344. [PMID: 32003330 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_19_158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Helicobacter pylori causes various gastro-intestinal diseases. Antibiotic resistance to commonly used antibiotics for the treatment of H. pylori infection is the major cause for treatment failure. The aim of this study is to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern for clarithromycin and levofloxacin and find the evolutionary relationship of the partial sequence of 23S rRNA and gyraseA gene of H. pylori by phylogenetic analysis. Materials and Methods A total of 46 H. pylori strains were tested for clarithromycin and levofloxacin susceptibility pattern and phylogenetic tree were reconstructed by PhyML software. Results In this study, we observed that only 6.5% of North-East Indian H. pylori strains were resistant for clarithromycin showing mutation at A2143G and T2182C positions of 23S rRNA gene. Resistance for levofloxacin was observed in 89.1% of the H. pylori strains showing mutations at asparagine to lysine at 87 and aspartic acid to glycine/tyrosine/asparagine at 91 positions of gyraseA gene. The phylogenetic tree of the partial sequence of 23S rRNA and gyraseA gene depicts that the North-East Indian strains falls in different cluster when compared to other countries. Conclusions Resistance for clarithromycin was less in North-East Indian strains but high for levofloxacin indicating that first-line therapy may be best and effective for eradication of H. pylori in this region. This study is the first report that showed antibiotic susceptibility pattern for clarithromycin and levofloxacin by mutation analysis. By partial sequencing of 23s rRNA and gyraseA gene, we found that North-East Indian strains are geographically distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Mahant
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amresh Kumar Sharma
- Centre of Bioinformatics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Valentina Gehlot
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Asish Kumar Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ayushi Chhawchharia
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sangitanjan Dutta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Anil Agarwal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Anup Som
- Centre of Bioinformatics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kunal Das
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Max Super Specialty Hospital, Vaishali, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajashree Das
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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12
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The Story of Helicobacter pylori: Depicting Human Migrations from the Phylogeography. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1149:1-16. [PMID: 31016625 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a spiral-shaped Gram-negative bacterium, which has infected more than half of the human population. Besides its colonisation capability, the genetic diversity of H. pylori is exceptionally well structured and belongs to several distinct genetic populations, depicting various prehistorical human migration events. The evolutionary relationship of H. pylori with its host had been started at least ~100,000 years ago. In addition, the discovery of the ancient H. pylori genome from a European Copper Age glacier mummy, "The Iceman", gave the idea that the second out of Africa migration resulted in the recombinant population of hpEurope at least about 5300 years ago. The advancement of next-generation genome sequencing discovered the prophage of H. pylori and could discriminate the big population of hpEurope into two different subpopulations. In addition, the implementation of the chromopainter/fineSTRUCTURE algorithm to the whole genome analysis of H. pylori provides a finer resolution population genetics of H. pylori; therefore it could also depict the recent migrations within the past 500 years after colonial expansion. This discovery shows that the genetic recombination of H. pylori strains is far more dynamic compared to its human host, but still maintains the similarity to its host, suggesting that H. pylori is a handy tool to reconstruct the human migration both in the past and the recent.
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13
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GONZÁLEZ I, ARAYA P, ROJAS A. Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Lung Cancer:
New Insights and Future Challenges. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2018; 21:658-662. [PMID: 30201063 PMCID: PMC6137001 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2018.09.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the causative agent of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer diseases and is an important risk factor for the development functional dyspepsia, peptic ulceration, gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. H. pylori has very high rates of infection in human populations, and it is estimated that over 50% of the world population is infected. Recently, certain extra-gastric manifestations, linked to H. pylori infection, have been widely investigated. Noteworthy, a growing body of evidences supports an association between H. pylori infection with lung cancer. The present review intend to highlight not only the most recent evidences supporting this association, but also some missed points, which must be considered to validate this emerging association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana GONZÁLEZ
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
- Ileana GONZALEZ, E-mail:
| | - Paulina ARAYA
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Armando ROJAS
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
- Armando ROJAS, E-mail:
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14
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RETRACTED CHAPTER: Changing Paradigm of Probiotics from Functional Foods to Biotherapeutic Agents. Microb Biotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7140-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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15
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Tak Manesh A, Azizi G, Heydari A, Kiaee F, Shaghaghi M, Hossein-Khannazer N, Yazdani R, Abolhassani H, Aghamohammadi A. Epidemiology and pathophysiology of malignancy in common variable immunodeficiency? Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2017; 45:602-615. [PMID: 28411962 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a diagnostic category of primary immunodeficiency (PID) which may present with heterogeneous disorders including recurrent infections, autoimmunity, granulomatous diseases, lymphoid and other types of malignancies. Generally, the incidence of malignancy in CVID patients is around 1.5-20.7% and usually occurs during the 4th-6th decade of life. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is the most frequent malignancy, followed by epithelial tumours of stomach, breast, bladder and cervix. The exact pathological mechanisms for cancer development in CVID are not fully determined; however, several mechanisms including impaired genetic stability, genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, impaired clearance of oncogenic viruses and bacterial infections, and iatrogenic causes have been proposed to contribute to the high susceptibility of these patients to malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G Azizi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Imam Hassan Mojtaba Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Heydari
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Kiaee
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Shaghaghi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Hossein-Khannazer
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Yazdani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - H Abolhassani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Petra CV, Rus A, Dumitraşcu DL. Gastric microbiota: tracing the culprit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 90:369-376. [PMID: 29151783 PMCID: PMC5683824 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The gastric environment has been long time considered bacteria-free, but the discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in 1982 superseded this conception. Over the last decades new diagnostic methods have been developed, starting with culture-dependent and advancing to culture-independent ones. These modern techniques provide new insight into the composition and influence of this ecosystem on the entire gastrointestinal tract. H. pylori is no longer considered the only microorganism in the stomach, other non-H. pylori microbial species may populate the same environment and exercise their role. Current knowledge suggests possible links of these bacteria with gastroduodenal diseases, such as peptic ulcer and gastric cancer but most of them need further scientific evidence. This review summarizes current information on these complex interrelations between gastric microbial communities and host in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Vasile Petra
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Aronel Rus
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Lucian Dumitraşcu
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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17
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Loayza Villa MF, Herrera Sevilla VL, Vivar-Diaz N. Detection of Helicobacter pylori DNA in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Gastric Biopsies Using Laser Microdissection and qPCR. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1616:71-88. [PMID: 28600762 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7037-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular detection and analysis of virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori depends on the specificity of cell selection in the gastric biopsies. The laser microdissection (LM) instruments combine microscopy with laser cut sectioning. This combination allows one to choose only the bacteria that are in direct contact with epithelial cells in the gastric biopsy sample, avoiding those microorganisms attached to the mucus layer in the sample. The average concentration of DNA isolated from 25 cuts with selected bacteria is around 1.94 ng/μL, which is enough DNA to perform a qPCR protocol using real-time instruments to amplify 16sDNA or virulence factors like cagA or vacA. Consequently, the application of these technologies in the molecular analysis of Helicobacter pylori directly in contact with the surface of gastric epithelial cells is more precise and could yield better insights about the complex mechanisms of interactions between pathogen and host. Insights derived from research using the techniques described herein may in future facilitate prevention of infection or improved therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Loayza Villa
- Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, P.O. Box 17-1200-841, Av. Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito, Ecuador
- Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | | | - Nicolás Vivar-Diaz
- Laboratorios NETLAB S.A., P.O. Box 170411, Calle "A" (Oe7A) N31-145 y Mariana de Jesús, Quito, Ecuador.
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18
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Caglevic C, Silva S, Mahave M, Rolfo C, Gallardo J. The current situation for gastric cancer in Chile. Ecancermedicalscience 2016; 10:707. [PMID: 28105078 PMCID: PMC5221643 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2016.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a neoplasm with a high incidence and mortality rate in Chile where more than 3000 people die every year from this type of cancer. This study shows the clinical and epidemiological considerations of this disease, information about translational research on this pathology in Chile, the contribution of Chilean doctors to the development of gastric cancer management awareness and the general situation of gastric cancer in Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Caglevic
- Cancer Drug Research Unit, Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile; Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Rancagua 878, Providencia Santiago, Chile
| | - Shirley Silva
- Radiation Oncology, University of Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Rancagua 878, Providencia Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Mahave
- Medical Oncology Service, Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile; Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Rancagua 878, Providencia Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Early Drug Development Unit - Phase I, University Hospital of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Rancagua 878, Providencia Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Gallardo
- Fundación Chilena Desarrollo Oncología, SLAGO (Latin American Symposium on Oncological Gastroenterology), Santiago, Chile.; Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Rancagua 878, Providencia Santiago, Chile
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19
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Gupta J, Johansson E, Bernstein JA, Chakraborty R, Khurana Hershey GK, Rothenberg ME, Mersha TB. Resolving the etiology of atopic disorders by using genetic analysis of racial ancestry. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:676-699. [PMID: 27297995 PMCID: PMC5014679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD), food allergy, allergic rhinitis, and asthma are common atopic disorders of complex etiology. The frequently observed atopic march from early AD to asthma, allergic rhinitis, or both later in life and the extensive comorbidity of atopic disorders suggest common causal mechanisms in addition to distinct ones. Indeed, both disease-specific and shared genomic regions exist for atopic disorders. Their prevalence also varies among races; for example, AD and asthma have a higher prevalence in African Americans when compared with European Americans. Whether this disparity stems from true genetic or race-specific environmental risk factors or both is unknown. Thus far, the majority of the genetic studies on atopic diseases have used populations of European ancestry, limiting their generalizability. Large-cohort initiatives and new analytic methods, such as admixture mapping, are currently being used to address this knowledge gap. Here we discuss the unique and shared genetic risk factors for atopic disorders in the context of ancestry variations and the promise of high-throughput "-omics"-based systems biology approach in providing greater insight to deconstruct their genetic and nongenetic etiologies. Future research will also focus on deep phenotyping and genotyping of diverse racial ancestry, gene-environment, and gene-gene interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Gupta
- Division of Asthma Research, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Elisabet Johansson
- Division of Asthma Research, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Division of Immunology/Allergy Section, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ranajit Chakraborty
- Center for Computational Genomics, Institute of Applied Genetics, Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Tex
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tesfaye B Mersha
- Division of Asthma Research, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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Allahverdiyev AM, Bagirova M, Caliskan R, Tokman HB, Aliyeva H, Unal G, Oztel ON, Abamor ES, Toptas H, Yuksel P, Kalayci F, Aslan M, Erzin Y, Bal K, Kocazeybek BS. Isolation and diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori by a new method: Microcapillary culture. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:2622-2628. [PMID: 25759529 PMCID: PMC4351211 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i9.2622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the performance of the microcapillary culture method (MCM) in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) isolation and diagnosis.
METHODS: Microcapillary culture (MC), classical culture (CC), rapid urease (CLO) test, and histopathologic examination (HE) were performed with biopsy samples. Homogenized biopsy samples were loaded into capillary tubes and incubated for 48 h at 37 °C without providing a microaerophilic environment. Additionally, three or four loops of the homogenized sample were inoculated in a ready-to-use selective medium (Becton Dickinson, Helicobacter Agar, Modified) specific for the isolation of H. pylori and incubated at 37 °C in a microaerophilic atmosphere provided by CampyGen (Becton Dickinson, GasPack). Bacteria reproducing in microcapillary tubes were evaluated in an inverted microscope and also were evaluated after performing a CC with the content. Results obtained by CC, CLO test, and HE were compared with those of MC. The diagnostic performances of the methods used in this study were evaluated for specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and CI.
RESULTS: H. pylori was found positive by CLO test + HE and/or CC culture in 26 patient antrum and corpus biopsy samples. In 25 (25/26) patient biopsy samples, H. pylori was isolated by MCM, whereas in only 14 (14/26) patient biopsy samples, H. pylori was isolated by CC. CLO test and HE were found positive in 17 (17/26) patient biopsy samples. Comparing the results of the isolation of H. pylori by MCM, CC, CLO test, and HE, the sensitivity of the MCM was found as 96%, the specificity as 80%, the PPV as 83%, the NPV as 95%, and the 95%CI as 0.76 (χ2 = 31.51, P < 0.01) whereas the sensitivity of the CC was found as 54% (χ2 = 19.15, P < 0.01), and the sensitivity of the CLO test and HE were found as 65% (χ2 = 25.26, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: This new microcapillary cultivation method for H. pylori has high diagnostic sensitivity compared with CC, HE, and CLO tests.
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Yu XW, Xu Q, Xu Y, Gong YH, Yuan Y. Expression of the E-cadherin/β-catenin/tcf-4 pathway in gastric diseases with relation to Helicobacter pylori infection: clinical and pathological implications. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:215-20. [PMID: 24528029 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.1.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin, and transcription factor 4 (TCF4) proteins in gastric diseases with relation to Helicobacter pylori infection. METHODS A total of 309 patients including 60 with superficial gastritis (SG), 57 with atrophic gastritis (AG) and 192 with gastric cancer (GC), were enrolled. The expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin, TCF4 proteins in the gastric mucosa was detected by immunohistochemistry and H. pylori infection by immunohistochemistry and PCR. RESULTS The expression rates of E-cadherin were significantly higher in SG and AG than in GC (P<0.01), while those of β-catenin in the nucleus were significantly lower in SG and AG than in GC (P<0.05). In GC cases, the expression rates of E-cadherin, β-catenin and TCF4 were significantly higher in the intestinal type than in the diffuse type (P<0.05). In GC patients, the expression rate of E-cadherin was significantly higher in the presence of H. pylori than in the absence of infection (P=0.011). Moreover, the expression level of TCF4 and β-catenin protein was significantly higher in the nucleus and cytoplasm in H. pylori positive than in H. pylori negative GC patients, especially in those with the intestinal type (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin progressively decreases during the process of GC tumorigenesis, while overexpression of TCF4 occurs. H. pylori infection is associated with a significant increase in the expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin in the cytoplasm and nucleus in GC patients, especially those with the intestinal type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Wen Yu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department, Shenyang, China E-mail :
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22
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Gaddy JA, Radin JN, Loh JT, Piazuelo MB, Kehl-Fie TE, Delgado AG, Ilca FT, Peek RM, Cover TL, Chazin WJ, Skaar EP, Scott Algood HM. The host protein calprotectin modulates the Helicobacter pylori cag type IV secretion system via zinc sequestration. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004450. [PMID: 25330071 PMCID: PMC4199781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metals are necessary for all forms of life including microorganisms, evidenced by the fact that 30% of all proteins are predicted to interact with a metal cofactor. Through a process termed nutritional immunity, the host actively sequesters essential nutrient metals away from invading pathogenic bacteria. Neutrophils participate in this process by producing several metal chelating proteins, including lactoferrin and calprotectin (CP). As neutrophils are an important component of the inflammatory response directed against the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, a major risk factor for gastric cancer, it was hypothesized that CP plays a role in the host response to H. pylori. Utilizing a murine model of H. pylori infection and gastric epithelial cell co-cultures, the role CP plays in modifying H. pylori -host interactions and the function of the cag Type IV Secretion System (cag T4SS) was investigated. This study indicates elevated gastric levels of CP are associated with the infiltration of neutrophils to the H. pylori-infected tissue. When infected with an H. pylori strain harboring a functional cag T4SS, calprotectin-deficient mice exhibited decreased bacterial burdens and a trend toward increased cag T4SS -dependent inflammation compared to wild-type mice. In vitro data demonstrate that culturing H. pylori with sub-inhibitory doses of CP reduces the activity of the cag T4SS and the biogenesis of cag T4SS-associated pili in a zinc-dependent fashion. Taken together, these data indicate that zinc homeostasis plays a role in regulating the proinflammatory activity of the cag T4SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Gaddy
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare Services, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jana N. Radin
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - John T. Loh
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Thomas E. Kehl-Fie
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Alberto G. Delgado
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Florin T. Ilca
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Timothy L. Cover
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare Services, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Walter J. Chazin
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Eric P. Skaar
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare Services, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Holly M. Scott Algood
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare Services, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Kodaman N, Sobota RS, Mera R, Schneider BG, Williams SM. Disrupted human-pathogen co-evolution: a model for disease. Front Genet 2014; 5:290. [PMID: 25202324 PMCID: PMC4142859 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A major goal in infectious disease research is to identify the human and pathogenic genetic variants that explain differences in microbial pathogenesis. However, neither pathogenic strain nor human genetic variation in isolation has proven adequate to explain the heterogeneity of disease pathology. We suggest that disrupted co-evolution between a pathogen and its human host can explain variation in disease outcomes, and that genome-by-genome interactions should therefore be incorporated into genetic models of disease caused by infectious agents. Genetic epidemiological studies that fail to take both the pathogen and host into account can lead to false and misleading conclusions about disease etiology. We discuss our model in the context of three pathogens, Helicobacter pylori, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human papillomavirus, and generalize the conditions under which it may be applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Kodaman
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College Hanover, NH, USA ; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rafal S Sobota
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College Hanover, NH, USA ; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robertino Mera
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Barbara G Schneider
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Scott M Williams
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College Hanover, NH, USA
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24
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Molina-Castro SE, Herrera D, Malespín-Bendaña W, Ramírez V, Une C. The geographic origin of Helicobacter pylori isolated from Costa Rican patients. Gut Microbes 2014; 5:517-21. [PMID: 25137097 DOI: 10.4161/gmic.32148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infects a significant proportion of the world population and it is associated with pathologies which include chronic atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric neoplasias such as gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma. Costa Rica has a high prevalence of the infection and an elevated incidence of gastric cancer and its associated mortality. The global population structure for H. pylori has been established using a MLST scheme. The population structure of the strains of H. pylori circulating in Costa Rica is currently unknown. We characterized the geographical origin of 24 H. pylori isolates from Costa Rican patients. We identified 142 new alleles for the genes included in the scheme and in eight of the 24 isolates from Costa Rican patients, all seven alleles sequenced were described for the first time. Twenty-one isolates from Costa Rican patients group with hpEurope strains and the remaining three isolates grouped with hspWAfrica isolates (Bayesian posterior probability values above 0.70, P = 0.05, after 2 000 000 generations). The obtained result in the MLST analysis was not unexpected and reflects the genetic composition of the Costa Rican population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dayana Herrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud; Universidad de Costa Rica; San José; Costa Rica
| | | | - Vanessa Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud; Universidad de Costa Rica; San José; Costa Rica
| | - Clas Une
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud; Universidad de Costa Rica; San José; Costa Rica
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25
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Evaluation of the Pattern of EPIYA Motifs in the Helicobacter pylori cagA Gene of Patients with Gastritis and Gastric Adenocarcinoma from the Brazilian Amazon Region. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY 2014; 2014:418063. [PMID: 26904732 PMCID: PMC4745444 DOI: 10.1155/2014/418063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Helicobacter pylori is associated with the development of different diseases. The clinical outcome of infection may be associated with the cagA bacterial genotype. The aim of this study was to determine the EPIYA patterns of strains isolated from patients with gastritis and gastric adenocarcinoma and correlate these patterns with the histopathological features. Gastric biopsy samples were selected from 384 patients infected with H. pylori, including 194 with chronic gastritis and 190 with gastric adenocarcinoma. The presence of the cagA gene and the EPIYA motif was determined by PCR. The cagA gene was more prevalent in patients with gastric cancer and was associated with a higher degree of inflammation, neutrophil activity, and development of intestinal metaplasia. The number of EPIYA-C repeats showed a significant association with an increased risk of gastric carcinoma (OR = 3.79, 95% CI = 1.92-7.46, and P = 0.002). A larger number of EPIYA-C motifs were also associated with intestinal metaplasia. In the present study, infection with H. pylori strains harboring more than one EPIYA-C motif in the cagA gene was associated with the development of intestinal metaplasia and gastric adenocarcinoma but not with neutrophil activity or degree of inflammation.
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26
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Serban DE. Gastrointestinal cancers: influence of gut microbiota, probiotics and prebiotics. Cancer Lett 2014; 345:258-70. [PMID: 23981580 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancers of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract continue to represent a major health problem, despite progress in therapy. Gut microbiota is a key element related to the genesis of GI cancers, countless papers addressing this burning issue across the world. We provide an updated knowledge of the involvement of gut microbiota in GI tumorigenesis, including its underlying mechanisms. We present also a comprehensive review of the evidence from animal and clinical studies using probiotics and/or prebiotics in the prevention and/or therapy of GI tumours, of GI cancer therapy-related toxicity and of post-operative complications. We summarize the anticarcinogenic mechanisms of these biotherapeutics from in vitro, animal and clinical interventions. More research is required to reveal the interactions of microflora with genetic, epigenetic and immunologic factors, diet and age, before any firm conclusion be drawn. Well-designed, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled human studies using probiotics and/or prebiotics, with adequate follow-up are necessary in order to formulate directions for prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Elena Serban
- "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Second Pediatric Clinic, Emergency Children's Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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27
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Ferrari F, Reis MAM. Study of risk factors for gastric cancer by populational databases analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:9383-9391. [PMID: 24409066 PMCID: PMC3882412 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i48.9383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the association between the incidence of gastric cancer and populational exposure to risk/protective factors through an analysis of international databases.
METHODS: Open-access global databases concerning the incidence of gastric cancer and its risk/protective factors were identified through an extensive search on the Web. As its distribution was neither normal nor symmetric, the cancer incidence of each country was categorized according to ranges of percentile distribution. The association of each risk/protective factor with exposure was measured between the extreme ranges of the incidence of gastric cancer (under the 25th percentile and above the 75th percentile) by the use of the Mann-Whitney test, considering a significance level of 0.05.
RESULTS: A variable amount of data omission was observed among all of the factors under study. A weak or nonexistent correlation between the incidence of gastric cancer and the study variables was shown by a visual analysis of scatterplot dispersion. In contrast, an analysis of categorized incidence revealed that the countries with the highest human development index (HDI) values had the highest rates of obesity in males and the highest consumption of alcohol, tobacco, fruits, vegetables and meat, which were associated with higher incidences of gastric cancer. There was no significant difference for the risk factors of obesity in females and fish consumption.
CONCLUSION: Higher HDI values, coupled with a higher prevalence of male obesity and a higher per capita consumption of alcohol, tobacco, fruits, vegetables and meat, are associated with a higher incidence of gastric cancer based on an analysis of populational global data.
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28
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Piazuelo MB, Correa P. Gastric cáncer: Overview. Colomb Med (Cali) 2013; 44:192-201. [PMID: 24892619 PMCID: PMC4002033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer ranks fourth in incidence and second in mortality among all cancers worldwide. Despite the decrease in incidence in some regions of the world, gastric cancer continues to present a major clinical challenge due to most cases being diagnosed in advanced stages with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. The development of gastric cancer is a complex and multifactorial process involving a number of etiological factors and multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations. Among the predisposing factors are: Helicobacter pylori infection, high salt intake, smoking, and in a small percentage of patients, a familial genetic component. More than 95% of stomach cancer cases are adenocarcinomas, which are classified into two major histologic types: intestinal and diffuse. Intestinal type adenocarcinoma is preceded by a sequence of gastric lesions known as Correa´s cascade and is the histologic type associated with the global decrease in gastric cancer rates. Diffuse type adenocarcinomas have a more aggressive behavior and worse prognosis than those of the intestinal type. According to the anatomical location, adenocarcinomas are classified as proximal (originating in the cardia) and distal (originating in the body and antrum). This classification seems to recognize two different clinical entities. Surgical resection of the tumor at an early stage is the only effective treatment method. Therefore, the identification and surveillance of patients at risk may play a significant role in survival rates. Anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy has been shown to be an effective measure in the prevention of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pelayo Correa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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29
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Vitoriano I, Vítor JMB, Oleastro M, Roxo-Rosa M, Vale FF. Proteome variability among Helicobacter pylori isolates clustered according to genomic methylation. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 114:1817-32. [PMID: 23480599 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To understand whether the variability found in the proteome of Helicobacter pylori relates to the genomic methylation, virulence and associated gastric disease. METHODS AND RESULTS We applied the Minimum-Common-Restriction-Modification (MCRM) algorithm to genomic methylation data of 30 Portuguese H. pylori strains, obtained by genome sensitivity to Type II restriction enzymes' digestion. All the generated dendrograms presented three clusters with no association with gastric disease. Comparative analysis of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) maps obtained for total protein extracts of 10 of these strains, representative of the three main clusters, revealed that among 70 matched protein spots (in a universe of 300), 16 were differently abundant (P < 0·05) among clusters. Of these, 13 proteins appear to be related to the cagA genotype or gastric disease. The abundance of three protein species, DnaK, GlnA and HylB, appeared to be dictated by the methylation status of their gene promoter. CONCLUSIONS Variations in the proteome profile of strains with common geographic origin appear to be related to differences in cagA genotype or gastric disease, rather than to clusters organized according to strain genomic methylation. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The simultaneous study of the genomic methylation and proteome is important to correlate epigenetic modifications with gene expression and pathogen virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Vitoriano
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rio de Mouro, Portugal
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30
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Abstract
Half of the world's population is infected with Helicobacter pylori and approximately 20% of infected individuals develop overt clinical disease such as ulcers and stomach cancer. Paradoxically, despite its classification as a class I carcinogen, H. pylori has been shown to be protective against development of asthma, allergy, and esophageal disease. Given these conflicting roles for H. pylori, researchers are attempting to define the environmental, host, and pathogen interactions that ultimately result in severe disease in some individuals. From the bacterial perspective, the toxins, CagA and VacA, have each been shown to be polymorphic and to contribute to disease in an allele-dependent manner. Based on the notable advances that have recently been made in the CagA field, herein we review recent studies that have begun to shed light on the role of CagA polymorphism in H. pylori disease. Moreover, we discuss the potential interaction of CagA and VacA as a mediator of gastric disease.
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Monceaux CP, Testerman TL, Boktor M, Jordan P, Adegboyega P, McGee DJ, Jennings MH, Parker CP, Gupta S, Yi P, Ganta VC, Galous H, Manas K, Alexander JS. <i>Helicobacter</i> infection decreases basal colon inflammation, but increases disease activity in experimental IBD. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojgas.2013.33029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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32
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Dong QJ, Zhan SH, Wang LL, Xin YN, Jiang M, Xuan SY. Relatedness of Helicobacter pylori populations to gastric carcinogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:6571-6. [PMID: 23236231 PMCID: PMC3516211 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i45.6571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects half of the human population. The infection is associated with chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa and peptic ulcers. It is also a major risk factor for gastric cancer. Phylogenetic analysis of global strains reveals there are seven populations of H. pylori, including hpAfrica1, hpAfrica2, hpEastAsia, hpEurope, hpNEAfrica, hpAsia2 and hpSahul. These populations are consistent with their geographical origins, and possibly result from geographical separation of the bacterium leading to reduced bacterial recombination in some populations. For each population, H. pylori has evolved to possess genomic contents distinguishable from others. The hpEurope population is distinct in that it has the largest genome of 1.65 mbp on average, and the highest number of coding sequences. This confers its competitive advantage over other populations but at the cost of a lower infection rate. The large genomic size could be a cause of the frequent occurrence of the deletion of the cag pathogenicity island in H. pylori strains from hpEurope. The incidence of gastric cancer varies among different geographical regions. This can be attributed in part to different rates of infection of H. pylori. Recent studies found that different populations of H. pylori vary in their carcinogenic potential and contribute to the variation in incidence of gastric cancer among geographical regions. This could be related to the ancestral origin of H. pylori. Further studies are indicated to investigate the bacterial factors contributing to differential virulence and their influence on the clinical features in infected individuals.
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Kim HD, Kim DH, Park H, Kim WJ, Ahn YS, Lee YJ, Park SM, Seo ES, Park C, Kim YH, Kim HR, Joo YE, Jung YD. Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Aspirates Using a Monoclonal Antibody-Based Test. Gut Liver 2012; 7:30-4. [PMID: 23423538 PMCID: PMC3572317 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2013.7.1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims The objective of this study was to evaluate a monoclonal antibody-based test to detect Helicobacter pylori-specific antigen in gastric aspirates from humans. Methods Sixty-one volunteers were enrolled in the study. All of the subjects underwent a 13C-urea breath test (UBT) before esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Gastric aspirates were analyzed for pH and ammonia and used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR), culture, and monoclonal antibody-based detection of H. pylori. Multiple biopsies of the gastric antrum and body were obtained for a rapid urease test (RUT) and histological evaluation. Results Thirty-six subjects were H. pylori-positive and 25 were H. pylori-negative according to the UBT results. Compared with the H. pylori-negative subjects, H. pylori-positive subjects had a higher pH (4.77±1.77 vs 3.49±1.30, p<0.05) and ammonia level (1,130.9±767.4 vs 184.2±126.3, p<0.0001). The sensitivities and specificities of the PCR test, RUT, culture test, and monoclonal antibody-based test were 100% and 72%, 89% and 100%, 47% and 100%, and 78% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions The monoclonal antibody-based test for diagnosing H. pylori infection in gastric aspirates has increased sensitivity compared with the culture test and specificity as high as that of the RUT. The test may be useful as an additive test for examining gastric aspirates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Dong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Carollo Hospital, Suncheon, Korea
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34
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Grande R, Di Campli E, Di Bartolomeo S, Verginelli F, Di Giulio M, Baffoni M, Bessa LJ, Cellini L. Helicobacter pylori biofilm: a protective environment for bacterial recombination. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 113:669-76. [PMID: 22639839 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05351.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this work was to investigate the interaction between two Helicobacter pylori strains in promoting genetic transfer, when grown in the biofilm mode. METHODS AND RESULTS Biofilms produced by H. pylori 9/10 (A), H. pylori 15/4 (B) and their mixture (C) were studied for biomass production and cell viability. The genetic heterogeneity of 45 clones, coming from mature biofilm of co-cultured H. pylori strains was studied by both RAPD and cagA (EPIYA motifs)/vacA virulence genes analysis. Helicobacter pylori A, B and C developed a well-structured biofilm without significant differences in viability. No significant differences were recorded between A and B biomass measurement, whereas C biofilm expressed a significant (P < 0.001) higher adhesive capability when compared with A and B biofilms. C-clones DNA-fingerprintings showed an high genetic heterogeneity (mean similarity value = 0.528). The 60% of C-clones displayed vacA allelic combination s1i1m1m2 associated with cagA EPIYA motif pattern P1P2P3P3P3. CONCLUSIONS Biofilms developed by multiple H. pylori strains are more complex than those associated with single strains. Such condition might promote the genetic exchange favouring the generation of more virulent strains. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The 'biofilm niche' represents a successful strategy and a suitable environment for promoting bacterial population persistence by recombination events.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Grande
- Department of Drug Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
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