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Jones S, Yu ML, Brown T. Convergent validity between the school-age versions of the Sensory Processing Measure 2 (SPM2) and the Sensory Profile 2 (SP2): A pilot study. Aust Occup Ther J 2024. [PMID: 38702985 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Sensory Processing Measure 2 (SPM2) and the Sensory Profile 2 (SP2) are two sensory processing scales often used by occupational therapists. The SPM2 and SP2 both claim to assess aspects of children's sensory processing. This cross-sectional study examined the convergent validity of the SPM2-Home Form (SPM2-HF) and Child SP2 for school-aged neurotypical children. METHODS Thirty parents/caregivers of neurotypical children aged 7 to 12 completed the SPM2-HF and the Child SP2 about their child. Spearman rho's correlation coefficient with bootstrapping was used to investigate the correlations among the sensory, behavioural, and quadrant scores of the Child SP2 and SPM2-HF subscale scores. CONSUMER AND COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT Given the topic, consumers and community members were not involved in the design, execution, or write up of the study results. RESULTS Several statistically significant correlations were found between the sensory and quadrant subscales of the Child SP2 with the SPM-HF. Strong to moderate correlations were established between the sensory subscales of the Child SP2 and the SPM2-HF, ranging from 0.40 to 0.74 (p < 0.05). Additionally, correlations between the quadrant subscales of the Child SP2 and the subscales of the SPM2-HF ranged from weak (0.38) to strong (0.77) correlations (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results provide evidence of convergent validity between the SPM2-HF and Child SP2 for neurotypical school-aged children. Further research on the psychometric properties of the SPM2-HF and Child SP2 is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jones
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University - Peninsula Campus, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mong-Lin Yu
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University - Peninsula Campus, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ted Brown
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University - Peninsula Campus, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
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Heffler KF, Acharya B, Subedi K, Bennett DS. Early-Life Digital Media Experiences and Development of Atypical Sensory Processing. JAMA Pediatr 2024; 178:266-273. [PMID: 38190175 PMCID: PMC10775079 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.5923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Importance Atypical sensory processing is challenging for children and families, yet there is limited understanding of its associated risk factors. Objective To determine the association between early-life digital media exposure and sensory processing outcomes among toddlers. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter US study used data that were analyzed from the National Children's Study (NCS), a cohort study of environmental influences on child health and development, with enrollment from 2011 to 2014. Data analysis was performed in 2023. The study included children enrolled in the NCS at birth whose caregivers completed reports of digital media exposure and sensory processing. Exposures Children's viewing of television or video at 12 months (yes or no), 18 months, and 24 months of age (hours per day). Main Outcomes and measures Sensory processing was reported at approximately 33 months of age on the Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile. Quadrant scores (low registration, sensation seeking, sensory sensitivity, and sensation avoiding) were categorized into groups representing typical, high, and low sensory-related behaviors, and multinomial regression analyses were performed. Results A total of 1471 children (50% male) were included. Screen exposure at 12 months of age was associated with a 2-fold increased odds of being in the high category of low registration (odds ratio [OR], 2.05; 95% CI, 1.31-3.20), while the odds of being in the low category instead of the typical category decreased for sensation seeking (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.35-0.87), sensation avoiding (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.50-0.94), and low registration (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.44-0.92). At 18 months of age, greater screen exposure was associated with increased risk of high sensation avoiding (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.03-1.46) and low registration (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.04-1.44). At 24 months of age, greater screen exposure was associated with increased risk of high sensation seeking (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.02-1.42), sensory sensitivity (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.05-1.49), and sensation avoiding (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.03-1.42). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, early-life digital media exposure was associated with atypical sensory processing outcomes in multiple domains. These findings suggest that digital media exposure might be a potential risk factor for the development of atypical sensory profiles. Further research is needed to understand the relationship between screen time and specific sensory-related developmental and behavioral outcomes, and whether minimizing early-life exposure can improve subsequent sensory-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Frankel Heffler
- Department of Psychiatry, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Tower Health, West Reading, Pennsylvania
| | - Binod Acharya
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Keshab Subedi
- Institute for Research on Equity and Community Health (iREACH), Christiana Care Health Systems, Newark, Delaware
| | - David S Bennett
- Department of Psychiatry, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Newby MJ, Lane SJ, Haracz K, Tona J, Palazzi K, Lambkin D. Sensory processing in children with Paediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome. Aust Occup Ther J 2024. [PMID: 38279842 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research indicates that children with Paediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) experience sensory reactivity differences that impact occupational performance. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in sensory reactivity in these children across two different time points; during exacerbation and during remission, using the Sensory Processing Measure (SPM) Home-Form. The study also sought to investigate whether children with PANS experience sensory differences during remission periods, when compared with SPM Home-Form norms. METHODS A two-period bidirectional case-crossover design was used, and an online assessment was conducted to measure sensory reactivity. Parents of children aged 4.6 to 13.1 years with a diagnosis of PANS were recruited from various sites across Australia, USA, England, Ireland, Scotland, Canada, and New Zealand. The SPM Home-Form was used to measure sensory reactivity at two time points, when PANS was in remission (T-R) and in exacerbation (T-E). Study entry was permitted at either T-E or T-R. Participant exacerbation status was monitored over a maximum 12-month period, and a follow-up SPM Home-Form was sent when a change in exacerbation status was indicated. A linear mixed model was used to assess the difference between SPM Home-Form norm-referenced scores during exacerbation and remission. RESULTS The study included 82 participants, with 80 providing data at study entry, and 27 providing data at follow-up. Results showed a statistically significant decline in performance across the SPM Home-Form domains of Hearing, Social Participation, Planning and Ideas, and Total Sensory Systems T-scores during exacerbation when compared with remission data. Results also demonstrated atypical sensory reactivity across Vision, Hearing, Touch, Balance and Motion, and Total Sensory Systems domains during periods of remission compared with SPM Home-Form norms. CONCLUSION This study found that children with PANS experience significant sensory reactivity differences during exacerbation and remission across multiple sensory domains, with a decline in performance during exacerbation. Where there are occupational performance challenges, occupational therapists should consider administering sensory assessments so that effective intervention plans addressing the unique sensory reactivity needs of children with PANS can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J Newby
- Stepping Stones Therapy for Children, Charlestown, New South Wales, Australia
- Occupational Therapy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shelly J Lane
- Occupational Therapy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Kirsti Haracz
- Occupational Therapy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janice Tona
- Rehabilitation Science Department, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kerrin Palazzi
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Lambkin
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
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Bolic Baric V, Skuthälla S, Pettersson M, Gustafsson PA, Kjellberg A. The effectiveness of weighted blankets on sleep and everyday activities - A retrospective follow-up study of children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and/or autism spectrum disorder. Scand J Occup Ther 2023; 30:1357-1367. [PMID: 34184958 DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2021.1939414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are often accompanied by sleep problems influencing social, emotional and cognitive functioning in everyday activities. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of a weighted blanket has a positive impact on sleep and everyday activities in individuals with ADHD and/or ASD. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 85 individuals diagnosed with ADHD and/or ASD, 48 children aged ≤17 (57%) and 37 adults ≥18 years (44%), who were prescribed with a weighted blanket. The participants responded via a telephone interview. RESULTS Findings demonstrated that a weighted blanket improved abilities related to falling asleep, sleeping the whole night, and relaxing during the day. Using a weighted blanket improved morning/evening daily routine, including preparing/going to sleep and waking up in the morning. CONCLUSIONS Weighted blankets showed positive impact on falling asleep, sleeping the whole night, and relaxing during the day, and they were used frequently by children and adults with ADHD and/or ASD. Findings indicate that a weighted blanket improved morning/evening routine, however this research area needs further investigation using both subjective and objective parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedrana Bolic Baric
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | | | - Per A Gustafsson
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anette Kjellberg
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Hartman AG, McKendry S, Akcakaya M, Soehner A, Bodison SC, DeAlmeida D, Bendixen R. Characterizing rest-activity rhythms and sleep for children with and without tactile sensitivities: An observational study. Sleep Med 2023; 106:8-16. [PMID: 37030035 PMCID: PMC10159915 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES This cross-sectional, observational study aimed to characterize and compare movement-based rest-activity rhythms (RARs) and sleep period variables of children with tactile hypersensitivities (SS) and non-sensitive peers (NSS) to expand the understanding of experienced differences in sleep. METHODS Children (ages 6-10) wore Actigraph GT9X watches for 2 weeks and caregivers completed daily sleep diaries. RARs and sleep period variables (e.g., sleep efficiency, duration, wake after sleep onset) were analyzed and localized means were plotted to visualize average rhythms for each group. Groups were compared using Student's t tests, or non-parametric alternatives, and Hedge's g effect sizes. RESULTS Fifty-three children and their families participated in this study (nSS = 21 nNSS = 32). The groups had similar RARs and sleep period variables. In both groups, sleep efficiency was low (SESS = 78%, SENSS = 77%) and total sleep time was short (TSTSS = 7 hrs 26 mins, TSTNSS- 7 h, 33 min) compared to national recommendations. Despite these similarities, children with SS took noticeably longer to settle down and fall asleep (53 min) than children with NSS (26 min, p = .075, g = 0.95). CONCLUSION This study provides preliminary data describing RAR and sleep period variables in children with and without tactile hypersensitivities. While overall RAR and sleep variables were similar between groups, there is evidence that children with SS spend a longer time transitioning to sleep. Evidence is provided that wrist-worn actigraphy is tolerable and acceptable for children with tactile sensitivities. Actigraphy provides important, movement-based data that should be used in tandem with other measures of sleep health for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy G Hartman
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, United States.
| | - Sarah McKendry
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Occupational Therapy, United States
| | - Murat Akcakaya
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Engineering, United States
| | - Adriane Soehner
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, United States
| | - Stefanie C Bodison
- University of Florida, Department of Occupational Therapy, United States
| | - Dilhari DeAlmeida
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Health Information Management, United States
| | - Roxanna Bendixen
- Medical University of South Carolina, Division of Occupational Therapy, United States
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Sutthachai R, Kaunnil A, Phadsri S, Pomngen I, Stanley M, Srikhamjak T. Development of Thai Sensory Patterns Assessment Tool for Children Aged 3-12 Years: Caregiver-Version. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10101968. [PMID: 36292415 PMCID: PMC9601615 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Most existing tools for measuring sensory patterns of children have been developed in Western countries. These tools are complex and may not be culturally appropriate for other contexts that require specific knowledge in the clinical perspective. The aim of this study was to develop a simplified tool called the Thai Sensory Patterns Assessment (TSPA) tool for children. It is designed for children ages 3–12 years old to be completed by their caregiver. The process of creating the tool consisted of drafting a questionnaire and interpreting the result. Partial psychometrics were completed during item development, content validity of items was assessed by five expert ratings. Construct validity and internal consistency were assessed using data from 414 caregivers and intra-rater reliability was assessed with 40 caregivers. The two parts of the TSPA tool for children results, sensory preference, and sensory arousal, were designed to be presented as a sensory pattern in a radar chart/plot. The data analysis showed that both parts of the TSPA tool for children had acceptable psychometric properties with the retained 65 items. Only proprioceptive sensory arousal had a low Cronbach’s α coefficient, suggesting more information sharing between caregivers and professionals is needed. This research is an initial study and must be continuously developed. Future development of this tool in technology platforms is recommended to support use within healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revadee Sutthachai
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Anuchart Kaunnil
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Supaluck Phadsri
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ilada Pomngen
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Mandy Stanley
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Tiam Srikhamjak
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (T.S.)
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Galiana A, Flores-Ripoll JM, Benito-Castellanos PJ, Villar-Rodriguez C, Vela-Romero M. Prevalence and severity-based classification of sensory processing issues. An exploratory study with neuropsychological implications. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD 2021; 11:850-862. [PMID: 34669535 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2021.1988602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sensory processing issues, mainly known as sensory processing disorder or SPD, are frequent in children with neurodevelopmental disorders and are associated with learning and behavioral difficulties. However, previous studies suggest that these disturbances might also be present in typically developing children, reaching prevalence rates of 10-20%. Nevertheless, published studies have been primary been conducted in non-European countries. Therefore, we aim, as first objective, to explore the frequency of sensory processing difficulties in a random sample of school-age children from Spain to contribute to the study of its prevalence. The Sensory Profile-2 (SP2) assessment tool was administered to 369 participants to study their sensory processing patterns, the absence or presence of sensory processing issues, the affected sensory systems, as well as their socioemotional, attentional, and behavioral impact. Furthermore, as second objective, we have developed a novel strategy to classify SPD by severity ranges using SP2 yielded results; accordingly, the sample was classified as follows: no alteration, mild, moderate, and severe sensory processing alteration. The results show prevalence rates consistent with previous findings: 15.9% of participants met the severe alteration criteria and 10.5%, 11.1% and 62.5% were classified as moderate, mild and no alteration, respectively. Finally, we hypothesize about SPD and underlying neuropsychological processes that might be associated with this condition. Our results highlight the necessity of further research efforts to establish whether high-frequency and severity rates of sensory processing alterations are linked to neuropsychological variables. The provided classification system might be useful to determine such associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Galiana
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychophysiology, Conecta Clínica, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Area of Psychobiology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences and Education, Universidad a Distancia de Madrid (UDIMA), Madrid, Spain.,Area of Educational Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Education, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), Logroño, Spain
| | | | | | - Clara Villar-Rodriguez
- Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Maria Vela-Romero
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Conecta Clínica, Ciudad Real, Spain
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McGhee K, Kidney E, Pou K, Pruyn Bouley H, Reynolds S. The Effectiveness of Bilateral Alternating Tactile Stimulation for Improving Sleep in Children with Sensory over-Responsivity. Occup Ther Health Care 2021; 35:424-441. [PMID: 34278921 DOI: 10.1080/07380577.2021.1946734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the effectiveness of Touchpoints™ on improving sleep in children with sensory over-responsivity, specifically, whether wearing Touchpoints™ on the sleep setting before bed would improve children's sleep. Using three study phases (baseline, intervention, and withdrawal), eight young children with sensory over-responsivity and sleep deficits wore Touchpoints™ on their ankles before bed during the intervention phase. Data was collected using an activity tracker to measure sleep latency, sleep duration, number of nighttime awakenings and sleep efficiency as well as parent report. Results indicated that participants did not demonstrate any significant changes in sleep efficiency, sleep duration, or number of awakenings but demonstrated a significant improvement in sleep latency. Parents also reported improvement in their child's sleep quality. Results suggest Touchpoints™ before bedtime may decrease the time it takes for children with sensory over-responsivity to fall asleep and improve parental perceptions of children's sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine McGhee
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Emily Kidney
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kaelah Pou
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Heather Pruyn Bouley
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Stacey Reynolds
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Mimouni-Bloch A, Offek H, Engel-Yeger B, Rosenblum S, Posener E, Silman Z, Tauman R. Association between sensory modulation and sleep difficulties in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Sleep Med 2021; 84:107-113. [PMID: 34144449 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep difficulties have been reported in up to 85% of children with Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Children with ADHD exhibit commonly sensory modulation difficulties (SMD) and experience more significant functional difficulties. Sleep difficulties have also been associated with SMD. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether SMD are associated with sleep difficulties in children with ADHD. METHODS We assessed sleep difficulties using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, and SMD using the Short Sensory Profile (SSP) questionnaire. A total of 25 children with ADHD and atypical sensory profiles, 13 children with ADHD and typical sensory profiles and 38 children used as controls (all children aged 8-11 years) were included. RESULTS Sleep difficulties were detected in 86.4% of children with ADHD and atypical SSPs, as compared to 30.8% of children with ADHD and typical SSPs, and 16.7% of controls. A multivariate logistic regression revealed that children with ADHD and atypical SSPs had significantly increased odds for sleep difficulties as compared to controls (OR = 32.4; 95% CI 4.0-260.1, p = 0.001), while children with ADHD and typical SSPs were indistinguishable from controls. Suspected confounders (gender, age, mother's education, and stimulant therapy) did not contribute to sleep difficulties. CONCLUSION In this pilot study, SMD were associated with sleep difficulties in children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva Mimouni-Bloch
- The Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Unit, Loewenstein Rehabilitation Medical Center, Raanana, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Hagar Offek
- The Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Unit, Loewenstein Rehabilitation Medical Center, Raanana, Israel; The Child Development Center of Clalit Health Services, Natanya, Israel; Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences of the Haifa University, Haifa, Israel
| | - Batya Engel-Yeger
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences of the Haifa University, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sara Rosenblum
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences of the Haifa University, Haifa, Israel
| | - Edith Posener
- The Child Development Center of Clalit Health Services, Natanya, Israel
| | - Zmira Silman
- The Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Unit, Loewenstein Rehabilitation Medical Center, Raanana, Israel
| | - Riva Tauman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Sleep Disorders Center, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Israel
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10
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Sleeman HRG, Brown T. An exploratory study of the relationship between typically-developing school-age children’s sensory processing and their activity participation. Br J Occup Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/03080226211020651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Children encounter several types of sensory input from their daily living environments and take in and process this information using their sensory systems. Few studies have considered the impact of children’s sensory preferences on their activity participation. This study investigated the relationship between children’s sensory processing factors and the daily activities they chose to participate in. Method Twenty-three parents of typically developing school-aged children completed the Sensory Processing Measure Home Form and Children Participation Questionnaire-School. Spearman correlations were conducted between sensory preferences and participation, as measured by frequency, intensity, independence level, children’s enjoyment and parental satisfaction. Regression models were also completed between each of the participation measures and sensory processing factors. Results Sensory processing accounted for 69.8% ( p = 0.001) of participation diversity’s total variance with unique contributions made by body awareness (proprioception) and planning and ideas ( p = 0.040); 45.9% ( p = 0.024) of participation intensity’s variance with touch made a unique contribution ( p = 0.030) and 42.4% ( p = 0.034) of participation independence’s variance with body awareness (proprioception) made a unique contribution ( p = 0.038). Conclusion Considerations should be made for sensory processing screening for typically developing children and the impacts this could potentially have on their daily participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah RG Sleeman
- Occupational Science and Therapy Program, Faculty of Health, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University Waterfront Campus, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Ted Brown
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University Peninsula Campus, Frankston, VIC, Australia
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Fernández-Pires P, Valera-Gran D, Hurtado-Pomares M, Espinosa-Sempere C, Sánchez-Pérez A, Juárez-Leal I, Ruiz-Carbonell MP, Peral-Gómez P, Campos-Sánchez I, Pérez-Vázquez MT, Navarrete-Muñoz EM. Sleep Duration and Quality and Sensory Reactivity in School-Aged Children: The Spanish Cross-Sectional InProS Study. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:646011. [PMID: 34291016 PMCID: PMC8286990 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.646011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The relationship between children's sleep and health has been widely examined; however, research focused on the link between sleep and sensory reactivity in children without medical conditions is relatively new and based on studies with small samples. Hence, we aimed at exploring the association between sleep duration and quality and prevalence of sensory reactivity in a population-based sample of children aged 3-7. Methods: We examined data on 579 school-age children from the InProS project, a cross-sectional population-based study. Children's sleep duration was classified as <10 vs. ≥10 h/day, and sleep quality was measured using the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire, defining poor quality sleep as a score of ≥0.33. The Short Sensory Profile (SSP) was used to classify children with or without sensory reactivity using the cut-off points proposed by W. Dunn for SSP total score and each SSP subscale. Prevalence ratios (PR) using Poisson multiple regression models with robust variance were estimated to examine main associations. Results: Around a third (32.6%; n = 189) slept <10 h/day and 10.4% presented poor sleep quality. The prevalence of sensory reactivity was 29.5% for total SSP (<155), 11.4% for tactile sensitivity (<30), 15% for taste/smell sensitivity (<15), 22.5% for movement sensitivity (<13), 49.1% for under-responsive/seeks sensation (<27), 44.4% for auditory filtering (<23), 12.4% for low energy/weak (<26), and 25.4% for visual/auditory sensitivity (<19). Main findings indicated that poor sleep quality was significantly associated with a greater prevalence of sensory reactivity for SSP total score (PR = 1.27; IC 95%: 1.18; 1.38), tactile sensitivity (PR = 1.09, IC95%: 1.00-1.19), taste/smell sensitivity (PR = 1.18, IC95%: 1.08-1.30), under-responsive/seeks sensation (PR = 1.28, IC95%: 1.20-1.37), auditory filtering (PR = 1.31, IC95%: 1.23-1.39), low energy/weak (PR = 1.14, IC95%: 1.04-1.25) and audiovisual sensitivity (PR = 1.15, IC95%: 1.05-1.26) scores after adjusting for potential confounders. Conclusions: In this study, we observed that poor sleep quality was statistically significantly associated with a higher prevalence of sensory reactivity as measured by the total SSP and almost all SSP subscales. To our knowledge, this is the first time that this association has been explored and reported. Further research from prospective studies is required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Desirée Valera-Gran
- Department of Surgery and Pathology, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain.,Occupational Therapy Research Group (InTeO, Investigación en Terapia Ocupacional), Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Miriam Hurtado-Pomares
- Department of Surgery and Pathology, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain.,Occupational Therapy Research Group (InTeO, Investigación en Terapia Ocupacional), Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain.,Miguel Hernández University-Vice Rectorade of Institutional Relations, Elche, Spain
| | - Cristina Espinosa-Sempere
- Department of Surgery and Pathology, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain.,Occupational Therapy Research Group (InTeO, Investigación en Terapia Ocupacional), Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alicia Sánchez-Pérez
- Department of Surgery and Pathology, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain.,Occupational Therapy Research Group (InTeO, Investigación en Terapia Ocupacional), Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Iris Juárez-Leal
- Department of Surgery and Pathology, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain.,Occupational Therapy Research Group (InTeO, Investigación en Terapia Ocupacional), Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain
| | - María-Pilar Ruiz-Carbonell
- Department of Surgery and Pathology, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain.,Centro de Desarrollo Infantil Sentits, Alicante, Spain
| | - Paula Peral-Gómez
- Department of Surgery and Pathology, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain.,Occupational Therapy Research Group (InTeO, Investigación en Terapia Ocupacional), Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Irene Campos-Sánchez
- Department of Surgery and Pathology, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain
| | - María-Teresa Pérez-Vázquez
- Department of Surgery and Pathology, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain.,Miguel Hernández University-Vice Rectorade of Institutional Relations, Elche, Spain
| | - Eva-María Navarrete-Muñoz
- Department of Surgery and Pathology, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain.,Occupational Therapy Research Group (InTeO, Investigación en Terapia Ocupacional), Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain
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12
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Weighted Blankets and Sleep Quality in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Single-Subject Design. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 8:children8010010. [PMID: 33375406 PMCID: PMC7823442 DOI: 10.3390/children8010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to explore the efficacy of weighted blanket applications and sleep quality in children with autism spectrum disorder and behavioral manifestations of sensory processing deficits. Two 4-year-old participants diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder who also experienced sleep disturbances took part in a single-subject design study. Objective sleep measures and caregiver surveys were tracked for a baseline period of eight days, followed by a 14-day weighted blanket intervention and a seven-day withdrawal phase. Caregiver reports and objective data were evaluated using visual analysis and the percentage of non-overlapping data methods. The results suggest minimal changes in sleep patterns as a result of the weighted blanket intervention. The findings based on using a weighted blanket intervention were enhanced morning mood after night use and a significantly decreased time to fall asleep for participants, though they were not strong enough to recommend for clinical use. Future directions include single-subject and cohort-designed studies exploring the efficacy of weighted blankets with increasing sleep quality among children with autism.
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13
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Khodarahimi S, Mirderikvand F, Amraei K. The efficacy of affective and sensory psychotherapy module for sleep disturbances in generalized anxiety disorder. Explore (NY) 2020; 18:17-24. [PMID: 33309467 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to examine the effectiveness of a newly developed therapeutic method focusing on affective and sensory processes in the treatment of sleep problems in outpatients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), called the 'Affective and Sensory Psychotherapy Module' (ASPM). METHOD A randomised controlled trial was conducted, there were 60 outpatient participants. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used at baseline, post-treatment, and 3 month follow-up. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the therapeutic and control groups at baseline. The therapeutic group showed a significant improvement in sleep quality and anxiety decrease compared to the control group. Sex differences did not occur in the results for within-subjects and between-group effects in this study. CONCLUSIONS The present study supported the efficacy of ASPM in the treatment of sleep problems in adult outpatients with GAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Khodarahimi
- Psychology Department, School of Literature and Humanities Sciences, Lorestan University; Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Fazlolah Mirderikvand
- Psychology Department, School of Literature and Humanities Sciences, Lorestan University; Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Kourosh Amraei
- Psychology Department, School of Literature and Humanities Sciences, Lorestan University; Khorramabad, Iran
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14
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Appleyard K, Schaughency E, Taylor B, Sayers R, Haszard J, Lawrence J, Taylor R, Galland B. Sleep and Sensory Processing in Infants and Toddlers: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study. Am J Occup Ther 2020; 74:7406205010p1-7406205010p12. [PMID: 33275561 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2020.038182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Typically developing children who are sensitive to sensory stimulation appear to have more sleep difficulties than children with average sensory sensitivities; however, at what age sleep difficulties emerge and whether they extend to children outside of sleep clinics are unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between sleep and sensory processing in typically developing infants and toddlers. DESIGN Observational; cross-sectional and longitudinal. SETTING Community. PARTICIPANTS Children (N = 160) enrolled in a larger four-armed randomized controlled trial of overweight prevention in infancy (40 randomly selected from each arm). OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Parent-reported sleep patterns at ages 6 mo, 1 yr, 2 yr, and 2.5 yr. Sensory Processing Measure-Preschool questionnaire covering five sensory systems and higher level functions: praxis and social participation at age 2.5 yr. Relationships between sleep and sensory variables were analyzed using multiple linear regression models. RESULTS More problematic sleep at age 2.5 yr was associated with more difficulties in social-relational skills (p < .001), a finding supported by the longitudinal data. Longer settling times were associated with higher vision (p = .036) and touch (p = .028) sensitivities at age 2.5 yr; in the longitudinal data (ages 6 mo-2.5 yr), longer settling times were associated with more sensitive hearing (p = .042). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Results support a link between sleep patterns and sensory processing difficulties in toddlers that, in some, can emerge in infancy. Practitioners should be alert to this association in young children presenting with sensory sensitivity or sleep challenges. WHAT THIS ARTICLE ADDS Study findings illustrate that bedtime challenges in typically developing toddlers could be related to sensory processing. A possible way to assist more sensitive children in settling to sleep is to pay attention to visual, tactile, and auditory stimuli that potentially interfere with sleep onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Appleyard
- Katie Appleyard, PhD, is Assistant Research Fellow, Department of Women's and Children's Health and Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth Schaughency
- Elizabeth Schaughency, PhD, is Senior Lecturer, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Barry Taylor
- Barry Taylor, MBChB, FRACP, is Professor and Pediatrician, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Rachel Sayers
- Rachel Sayers, MHealSc, is Assistant Research Fellow, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Jillian Haszard
- Jillian Haszard, PhD, is Biostatistician, Department of Women's and Children's Health and Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Julie Lawrence
- Julie Lawrence, PhD, is Research Fellow, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Rachael Taylor
- Rachael Taylor, PhD, is Research Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Barbara Galland
- Barbara Galland, PhD, is Research Associate Professor, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand;
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15
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Christensen JS, Wild H, Kenzie ES, Wakeland W, Budding D, Lillas C. Diverse Autonomic Nervous System Stress Response Patterns in Childhood Sensory Modulation. Front Integr Neurosci 2020; 14:6. [PMID: 32132906 PMCID: PMC7040227 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2020.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The specific role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in emotional and behavioral regulation—particularly in relation to automatic processes—has gained increased attention in the sensory modulation literature. This mini-review article summarizes current knowledge about the role of the ANS in sensory modulation, with a focus on the integrated functions of the ANS and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and their measurement. Research from the past decade illustrates that sympathetic and parasympathetic interactions are more complex than previously assumed. Patterns of ANS activation vary across individuals, with distinct physiological response profiles influencing the reactivity underlying automatic behavioral responses. This review article advances a deeper understanding of stress and the complex stress patterns within the ANS and HPA axis that contribute to allostatic load (AL). We argue that using multiple physiological measurements to capture individual ANS response variation is critical for effectively treating children with sensory modulation disorder (SMD) and sensory differences. We consider the relative contributions of automatic vs. deliberately controlled processes across large-scale neural networks in the development of sensorimotor function and their associated links with arousal patterns and sensory over- and under-responsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather Wild
- Psychology Program, Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Erin S Kenzie
- Systems Science Program, Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Wayne Wakeland
- Systems Science Program, Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States
| | | | - Connie Lillas
- NeuroRelational Framework (NRF) Institute, Pasadena, CA, United States
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16
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Pfeiffer B, May-Benson TA, Bodison SC. State of the Science of Sensory Integration Research With Children and Youth. Am J Occup Ther 2018; 72:7201170010p1-7201170010p4. [PMID: 29280710 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2018.721003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many children and youth with and without disabilities are affected by challenges in processing and integrating sensations. Occupational therapy practitioners serve a pivotal role in the evaluation and treatment of this population. This special section of the American Journal of Occupational Therapy includes articles that elucidate the relationship between sensory processing and participation in valued occupations as well as articles that guide best practice, including systematic reviews on common occupational therapy interventions for children and youth with challenges in processing and integrating sensation. This editorial elaborates on key issues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Pfeiffer
- Beth Pfeiffer, PhD, OTR/L, BCP, FAOTA, is Associate Professor, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Temple University;
| | - Teresa A May-Benson
- Teresa A. May-Benson, ScD, OTR/L, FAOTA, is Executive Director, SPIRAL Foundation, Newton, MA
| | - Stefanie C Bodison
- Stefanie C. Bodison, OTD, OTR/L, is Assistant Professor of Research, Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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