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Ashby S, Watkins K, Wales K. An Investigation of the Professional Resilience Strategies Used by Experienced Occupational Therapists. OTJR-OCCUPATION PARTICIPATION AND HEALTH 2024:15394492241237740. [PMID: 38491752 DOI: 10.1177/15394492241237740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
There is a paucity of research into the strategies occupational therapists use to maintain career longevity professional resilience. The objective of the study was to identify the strategies used by occupational therapists to maintain their professional resilience. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data from a cross-sectional survey that investigated the professional resilience strategies used by experienced occupational therapists. Valid responses were received from 489 occupational therapists from 29 countries. The most used professional resilience strategies were maintaining a belief in the value of occupational therapy, taking time for reflection on positive outcomes, using personal time management strategies, and engagement in informal and formal professional support networks. A range of professional resilience strategies are used by experienced occupational therapists in health and social care settings. The findings can be used by managers and workplace organizations to support their occupational therapy workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Ashby
- The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katrina Watkins
- Occupational Therapist, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kylie Wales
- The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Song CS, Ma SR, Lee JY, Chun BY. Effects of Presenteeism on Burnout among Rehabilitation Medical Workers in Korea: Multiple Mediating Effects of Organization and Supervisor Supports. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:559. [PMID: 38470670 PMCID: PMC10930779 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12050559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSES This study aimed to examine the discriminatory impacts of two major impairment factors-job presenteeism and attention presenteeism (JP and AP)-in presenteeism on burnout and to verify the multiple mediating effects of organizational and supervisory support in their causal relationship to provide theoretical and practical implications for alleviating burnout among rehabilitation medical workers (RMWs). METHODS Participants were convenience sampled from 23 hospitals and rehabilitation medical institutions in Korea, and 494 datasets were analyzed using the R packages R-studio, Jamovi, and JASP. RESULTS The significant effects of JP and AP on burnout were investigated; AP (0.609) had a much higher effect than JP (0.170) on burnout among RMWs. Moreover, the multiple mediating effects of organizational support and supervisory support were verified in the JP-AP relationship and burnout among RMWs. Additionally, the absolute effect on burnout was more from AP than JP, and organizational support had a far more significant effect than supervisory support in the process of affecting burnout. CONCLUSIONS The present study contributes to the literature on burnout by examining the relationships between presenteeism and burnout and by extending the current understanding of burnout and presenteeism to RMWs. And it is practically important to understand that the effect of AP was greater than that of JP between the two key sub-factors of presenteeism affecting burnout among RMWs, and Korean RMWs are more affected by support from the organization system than by personal support from their boss. Related theoretical and practical implications are further elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiang-Soon Song
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Ryong Ma
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae-Young Lee
- Saeam Welfare Foundation, Goksung 57506, Republic of Korea;
| | - Byung-Yoon Chun
- Department of Accounting & Tax, Gwangju University, Gwangju 61743, Republic of Korea;
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Jelen A, Goldfarb R, Rosart J, Graham L, Rubin BB. A qualitative co-design-based approach to identify sources of workplace-related distress and develop well-being strategies for cardiovascular nurses, allied health professionals, and physicians. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:246. [PMID: 38408946 PMCID: PMC10897985 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10669-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinician distress is a multidimensional condition that includes burnout, decreased meaning in work, severe fatigue, poor work-life integration, reduced quality of life, and suicidal ideation. It has negative impacts on patients, providers, and healthcare systems. In this three-phase qualitative investigation, we identified workplace-related factors that drive clinician distress and co-designed actionable interventions with inter-professional cardiovascular clinicians to decrease their distress and improve well-being within a Canadian quaternary hospital network. METHODS Between October 2021 and May 2022, we invited nurses, allied health professionals, and physicians to participate in a three-phase qualitative investigation. Phases 1 and 2 included individual interviews and focus groups to identify workplace-related factors contributing to distress. Phase 3 involved co-design workshops that engaged inter-professional clinicians to develop interventions addressing drivers of distress identified. Qualitative information was analyzed using descriptive thematic analysis. RESULTS Fifty-one clinicians (24 nurses, 10 allied health professionals, and 17 physicians) participated. Insights from Phases 1 and 2 identified five key thematic drivers of distress: inadequate support within inter-professional teams, decreased joy in work, unsustainable workloads, limited opportunities for learning and professional growth, and a lack of transparent leadership communication. Phase 3 co-design workshops yielded four actionable interventions to mitigate clinician distress in the workplace: re-designing daily safety huddles, formalizing a nursing coaching and mentorship program, creating a value-added program e-newsletter, and implementing an employee experience platform. CONCLUSION This study increases our understanding on workplace-related factors that contribute to clinician distress, as shared by inter-professional clinicians specializing in cardiovascular care. Healthcare organizations can develop effective interventions to mitigate clinician distress by actively engaging healthcare workers in identifying workplace drivers of distress and collaboratively designing tailored, practical interventions that directly address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlexxi Jelen
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, 585 University Avenue LPMB 119 K, M5G 2N2, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | | | - Jennifer Rosart
- Healthcare Human Factors, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Leanna Graham
- Office of Professional Practice & Policy, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Barry B Rubin
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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Bar-Nizan T, Rand D, Lahav Y. Implementation of Evidence-Based Practice and Burnout Among Occupational Therapists: The Role of Self-Efficacy. Am J Occup Ther 2024; 78:7801205190. [PMID: 38175805 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2024.050426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Implementing evidence-based practice (EBP) is essential for ensuring optimal quality care and obtaining positive outcome in treatment. Occupational therapists generally hold positive attitudes toward EBP; however, EBP is not always fully implemented. OBJECTIVE To explore the mediating role of self-efficacy on the relationship between implementing EBP and burnout among occupational therapists. DESIGN A cross sectional study. SETTING Data were collected through social media and WhatsApp groups using an online survey accessible through Qualtrics, a secured web-based data collection system; responses were anonymous. PARTICIPANTS The final sample consisted of 261 female Israeli occupational therapists (ages 24-65 yr, with 1-40 yr of clinical experience). OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The following questionnaires assessed EBP implementation, burnout, and self-efficacy, respectively: the EBP Implementation Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Occupational Therapy Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. Demographic data were also collected. RESULTS EBP implementation was low (0-43 points out of a maximum 72 points), moderate levels of burnout and high levels of self-efficacy were reported. Significant associations with medium effect sizes were found between EBP implementation and burnout: the higher the levels of EBP implementation, the lower the levels of burnout frequency and intensity. Moreover, self-efficacy mediated these relationships. EBP implementation was related to elevated self-efficacy, which, in turn, was associated with lower burnout. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE EBP implementation may serve as an important tool to limit burnout among occupational therapists by fostering their trust in their ability to handle clinical challenges. Further research is needed. Plain-Language Summary: This study explored implementing evidence-based practice (EBP) and its relationships to burnout and work-related self-efficacy among occupational therapists. The study found that self-efficacy mediated the relationships between implementing EBP and burnout. Implementing EBP was associated with higher self-efficacy, which, in turn, was associated with lower burnout among occupational therapists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Bar-Nizan
- Tal Bar-Nizan, MSc, OT, is Occupational Therapist, Department of Occupational Therapy, The Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. At the time of the research, Bar-Nizan was Graduate Student, Department of Occupational Therapy, The Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Debbie Rand
- Debbie Rand, PhD, OT, is Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, The Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Lahav
- Yael Lahav, PhD, is Clinical Psychologist, Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;
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Coleman A, McLaughlin E, Floren M. Practitioner Burnout and Productivity Levels in Skilled Nursing and Assisted Living Facilities, Part 1: A Descriptive Quantitative Account. Am J Occup Ther 2024; 78:7801205090. [PMID: 38224353 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2024.050341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Understanding burnout among practitioners in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) and assisted living facilities (ALFs) while considering contextual factors may lead to practices that enhance therapist and patient satisfaction as well as quality of care. OBJECTIVE To examine productivity standards and burnout in the context of setting and role, as reported by therapy practitioners in geriatric settings, and to explore relationships between productivity standards and perceived ethical pressures. DESIGN Cross-sectional online survey with descriptive data. PARTICIPANTS Practitioners (N = 366) included occupational therapists, physical therapists, speech-language pathologists, and occupational and physical therapy assistants working in SNFs and ALFs in the United States. A survey integrating the Maslach Burnout Inventory: Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSS) and questions addressing demographics and contextual factors was distributed via social media. RESULTS Of 366 practitioners, 20.5% were burned out, exhibiting extreme scores for Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (DP), and Personal Accomplishment (PA) on the MBI-HSS. Significant relationships between productivity requirements and EE, DP, and PA, after accounting for covariates, were evident. Significant relationships between productivity standards and five of the six ethically questionable behaviors existed. Role affected productivity requirements, specifically between therapists and assistants, whereas setting did not. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Productivity standards and related pressures are associated with concerning aspects of burnout among practitioners working in geriatric settings. Advocating for change in defining productivity and incorporating positive support in the work environment may assist in reducing burnout and turnover rates and improve patient satisfaction and care. Plain-Language Summary: This research highlights the prevalence of burnout and perceived pressures related to productivity requirements among occupational therapy practitioners working in skilled nursing and assisted living facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Coleman
- Ashley Coleman, OTD, OTR/L, is Occupational Therapist, Virginia Beach, VA;
| | - Ellen McLaughlin
- Ellen McLaughlin, EdD, OTR/L, FAOTA, is Professor, Occupational Therapy Department, Misericordia University, Dallas, PA
| | - Michael Floren
- Michael Floren, PhD, is Assistant Professor, Data Analytics, University of North Alabama, Florence
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Roundy PE, Stearns ZR, Willis MW, Blevins JJ, Linton TA, Medlin TR, Winger JG, Dorfman CS, Shelby RA. Relationships Between Burnout and Resilience: Experiences of Physical Therapists and Occupational Therapists During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Phys Ther 2023; 103:7066981. [PMID: 37245217 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research on burnout among physical therapists and occupational therapists in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is limited. Resilience may be important for reducing burnout and promoting well-being among rehabilitation specialists, especially during periods of elevated occupational demand and stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate experiences of burnout, COVID-19 pandemic-related distress, and resilience among physical therapists and occupational therapists during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Physical therapists and occupational therapists working in a university-affiliated health system were invited to complete an online survey assessing burnout, COVID-19 pandemic-related distress, state- and trait-like resilience, physical activity, sleep disturbance, and financial concerns. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine variables associated with burnout as well as the contribution of specific aspects of resilience to burnout. RESULTS Greater COVID-19 pandemic-related distress was associated with greater emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, whereas state-like resilience at work was associated with lower emotional exhaustion, greater personal accomplishment, and lower depersonalization. Analyses examining the impact of specific components of resilience at work suggested that several components are associated with less burnout, with finding one's calling being particularly relevant for all 3 domains of burnout. CONCLUSION Symptoms of burnout were reported by many physical therapists and occupational therapists. COVID-19-related distress and state-like resilience at work, particularly the perception of finding one's calling, emerged as consistently being associated with burnout in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. IMPACT These findings can inform the development of interventions to reduce burnout among physical therapists and occupational therapists amid the continuing COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preston E Roundy
- Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zachary R Stearns
- Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael W Willis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joshua J Blevins
- Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Travis A Linton
- Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas R Medlin
- Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joseph G Winger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Caroline S Dorfman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rebecca A Shelby
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Ercan Doğu S, Özkan E, Kars S. Clinical practices, challenges, and job satisfaction of occupational therapists working in Community Mental Health Centers in Turkey. Br J Occup Ther 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/03080226231156529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Occupational therapists have been involved in Community Mental Health Centers (CMHCs) since 2016 in Turkey. To the best of our knowledge, no data about occupational therapists’ practices in CMHCs is available in the extant research literature. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the clinical practices, challenges, and job satisfaction of occupational therapists working for CMHCs in Turkey. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional survey study in which 28 volunteer occupational therapists working in CMHCs participated. The participants filled out the Sociodemographic and Professional Experience Information Form and the Job Satisfaction Scale. Results: Occupational therapists were experienced practitioners implementing various occupational therapist practices in community mental health and they were generally satisfied with their job. The challenges facing Occupational therapists were communicating with caregivers, motivating the client, enabling the client to perform occupational participation. Collaborative teamwork and participation in training about community mental health were found as the important factors contributing to occupational therapist professionals’ job satisfaction. Conclusion: Investigating the professional behaviors of Occupational therapists, an emerging health profession in Turkey, is important for the development of the profession. The education and supervision specially adapted for community mental health and the supportive teamwork seem to be significant for the job satisfaction of community mental health Occupational therapists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Ercan Doğu
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Hamidiye Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Esma Özkan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinem Kars
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Angell AM, Carreon ED, Akrofi JNS, Franklin MD, Taylor EE, Miller J, Crowley C, Maher SO. Challenges and Facilitators to Telehealth Occupational Therapy for Autistic Children During COVID-19. OTJR-OCCUPATION PARTICIPATION AND HEALTH 2023:15394492221142597. [PMID: 36597578 DOI: 10.1177/15394492221142597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pre-pandemic, telehealth occupational therapy (OT) for autistic children appeared promising, but research was limited. The pandemic provided a unique opportunity to investigate how clinics transitioned to telehealth. The purpose of this study was to examine barriers and facilitators that influenced delivery of OT services through telehealth for autistic children during the pandemic. We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 13 participants (three administrators, six OTs, and four parents of autistic children) at three Los Angeles area clinics over a 7-month period. We used narrative and thematic analysis to identify four themes. We identified (a) Challenges and (b) Facilitators to Conducting Telehealth OT, including practical strategies for successful facilitation, and (c) Negative and (d) Positive Outcomes of Conducting Telehealth OT. As telehealth will likely remain a viable means of OT service delivery in the future, our findings provide insight into ways that it can be improved and sustained.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Julie Miller
- Professional Child Development Associates, Pasadena, CA, USA
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Juy R, Nieto A, Contador I, Ramos F, Fernández-Calvo B. Psychosocial Factors Associated with Burnout and Self-Perceived Health in Spanish Occupational Therapists. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:44. [PMID: 36612366 PMCID: PMC9819894 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: There are few studies of burnout syndrome (BS) in occupational therapists (OTs), and protective factors for BS have received little attention in the scientific literature. This research aimed to estimate the prevalence of BS, characterize the associated psychosocial factors, and analyze their relationship with health in a sample of Spanish OTs. (2) Methods: A total of 127 therapists completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and other standardized questionnaires measuring: personality traits (reduced five-factor personality inventory, NEO-FFI), coping styles (Coping Strategies Questionnaire, CAE), work-family conflict (Survey Work-Home Interaction Nijmegen, SWING), professional factors (role ambiguity/clarity and modified role conflict questionnaires), and the perception of health (Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire). Several correlational and multiple regression analyses were performed to study the psychosocial predictors of burnout and its relationship with health perceptions. (3) Results: 15.8% of the professionals presented BS, with emotional exhaustion (EE; 38.7%) being the most compromised dimension. Neuroticism, role conflict, negative work-family interaction, and open emotional expression (OE) significantly predicted a higher EE. The main predictors of cynicism (CY) were being male, role conflict, and OE. Role conflict, role ambiguity and social support-seeking were significant predictors of reduced professional efficiency (PE). (4) Conclusions: A high percentage of OTs with BS suggests the need for increased awareness of the importance of this syndrome in the health community. It would be critical to consider the protective factors (i.e., emotional management, social support) that help promote OTs' well-being and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Juy
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatments, Facultad de Psicología, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Nieto
- Department of Basic Psychology, Psychobiology, and Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, Facultad de Psicología, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Israel Contador
- Department of Basic Psychology, Psychobiology, and Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, Facultad de Psicología, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francisco Ramos
- Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatments, Facultad de Psicología, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Bernardino Fernández-Calvo
- Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
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Reynolds S. State of the Journal, 2022. Am J Occup Ther 2022; 76:23986. [PMID: 36630394 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2022.076601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy (AJOT) had another successful year reaching our highest 2-yr impact factor in history (2.813) and regaining our position as the highest ranking occupational therapy journal in the world. Our expanded social media platforms and online resources continue to expand access and help occupational therapy practitioners translate research into practice. The journal's goals moving forward include enhancing opportunities for student involvement, enhancing standards for rigor and reporting, and updating official AJOT documents and resources to reflect best practices for bias-free language and the use of race/ethnicity data in research publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Reynolds
- Stacey Reynolds, PhD, OTR/L, FAOTA, is Editor-in-Chief, the American Journal of Occupational Therapy, and Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA;
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