1
|
Zhu Y, Liu H, Zheng L, Luo Y, Zhou G, Li J, Hou Y, Fu X. Vitrification of Mammalian Oocytes: Recent Studies on Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Biopreserv Biobank 2024. [PMID: 38227396 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2023.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitrification of reproductive cells is definitely essential and integral in animal breeding, as well as in assisted reproduction. However, issues accompanied with this technology such as decreased oocyte competency and relatively low embryo survival rates appear to be a tough conundrum that has long perplexed us. As significant organelles in cell metabolism, mitochondria play pivotal roles in numerous pathways. Nonetheless, extensive evidence has demonstrated that vitrification can seriously impair mitochondrial function in mammalian oocytes. Thus, in this article, we summarize the current progress in oocyte vitrification and particularly outline the common mitochondrial abnormalities alongside subsequent injury cascades seen in mammalian oocytes following vitrification. Based on existing literature, we tentatively come up with the potential mechanisms related to mitochondrial dysfunction and generalize efficacious ways which have been recommended to restore mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the MARA, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the MARA, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lv Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the MARA, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuwen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guizhen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the MARA, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive Medical Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunpeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangwei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the MARA, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jabarpour M, Aleyasin A, Shabani Nashtaei M, Amidi F. Astaxanthin supplementation impact on insulin resistance, lipid profile, blood pressure, and oxidative stress in polycystic ovary syndrome patients: A triple-blind randomized clinical trial. Phytother Res 2024; 38:321-330. [PMID: 37874168 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (ASX) is a natural carotenoid compound found in several of microorganisms and seafood. It may have numerous therapeutic benefits for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ASX on lipid profile, insulin resistance (IR), blood pressure (BP), and oxidative stress (OS) levels in infertile PCOS patients. Overall, 58 infertile women with diagnosed PCOS participated in this triple-blind randomized clinical trial. They were randomly assigned to two groups, taking either a placebo or ASX (2 × 6 mg/day) for 8 weeks. Blood serum samples were collected from patients before and after the intervention. Fasting Insulin (FI), fasting blood glucose (FBS), OS markers (malondialdehyde [MDA], superoxide dismutase [SOD], and total antioxidant capacity [TAC]), and lipid profiles were evaluated in serum. Moreover, based on the relevant formula, several indices associated with IR were calculated. BP was also assessed at the start and end of the study. After 8 weeks of ASX consumption, a significant reduction was observed in fasting blood sugar, HOMA-IR, FI, MDA, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and TC/HDL-C. Conversely, ASX significantly increased TAC, HDL-C, and QUICKI. After adjusting the analysis for the baseline values of age, body mass index, and biochemical parameters, non-significant values were obtained for QUICKI and FI, along with no changes in other findings. Overall, ASX appears to be an effective and safe supplement that alleviates insulin metabolism, lipid profile parameters, and OS in infertile PCOS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoome Jabarpour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Aleyasin
- Department of Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shabani Nashtaei
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Amidi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Infertility, Yas Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Morilla MJ, Ghosal K, Romero EL. More Than Pigments: The Potential of Astaxanthin and Bacterioruberin-Based Nanomedicines. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1828. [PMID: 37514016 PMCID: PMC10385456 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural products regulated by the food sector, currently used as feed dyes and as antioxidants in dietary supplements and composing functional foods for human consumption. Of the nearly one thousand carotenoids described to date, only retinoids, derived from beta carotene, have the status of a drug and are regulated by the pharmaceutical sector. In this review, we address a novel field: the transformation of xanthophylls, particularly the highly marketed astaxanthin and the practically unknown bacterioruberin, in therapeutic agents by altering their pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and pharmacodynamics through their formulation as nanomedicines. The antioxidant activity of xanthophylls is mediated by routes different from those of the classical oral anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): remarkably, xanthophylls lack therapeutic activity but also lack toxicity. Formulated as nanomedicines, xanthophylls gain therapeutic activity by mechanisms other than increased bioavailability. Loaded into ad hoc tailored nanoparticles to protect their structure throughout storage and during gastrointestinal transit or skin penetration, xanthophylls can be targeted and delivered to selected inflamed cell groups, achieving a massive intracellular concentration after endocytosis of small doses of formulation. Most first reports showing the activities of oral and topical anti-inflammatory xanthophyll-based nanomedicines against chronic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and dry eye disease emerged between 2020 and 2023. Here we discuss in detail their preclinical performance, mostly targeted vesicular and polymeric nanoparticles, on cellular models and in vivo. The results, although preliminary, are auspicious enough to speculate upon their potential use for oral or topical administration in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Morilla
- Nanomedicine Research and Development Centre (NARD), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal 1876, Argentina
| | - Kajal Ghosal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja Subodh Chandra Mallick Rd., Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Eder Lilia Romero
- Nanomedicine Research and Development Centre (NARD), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal 1876, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Heidari M, Chaboksafar M, Alizadeh M, Sohrabi B, Kheirouri S. Effects of Astaxanthin supplementation on selected metabolic parameters, anthropometric indices, Sirtuin1 and TNF-α levels in patients with coronary artery disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1104169. [PMID: 37051124 PMCID: PMC10083413 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1104169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAtherosclerosis can develop as a result of an increase in oxidative stress and concurrently rising levels of inflammation. Astaxanthin (AX), a red fat-soluble pigment classified as a xanthophyll, may be able to prevent the vascular damage induced by free radicals and the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways. The objective of the current study is to assess the effects of AX supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsThis randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted among 50 CAD patients. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups to intake either AX supplements (12 mg/day) or placebo for 8 weeks. Lipid profile, glycemic parameters, anthropometric indices, body composition, Siruin1 and TNF-α levels were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks.ResultsBody composition, glycemic indices, serum levels of TNF-α, Sirtuin1 did not differ substantially between the AX and placebo groups (p > 0.05). The data of AX group showed significant reduction in total cholesterol (−14.95 ± 33.57 mg/dl, p < 0.05) and LDL-C (−14.64 ± 28.27 mg/dl, p < 0.05). However, TG and HDL-C levels could not be affected through AX supplementation.ConclusionOur results suggest that AX supplementation play a beneficial role in reducing some components of lipid profile levels. However, further clinical investigations in CAD patients are required to obtain more conclusive findings.Clinical trial registrationwww.Irct.ir., identifier IRCT20201227049857N1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Heidari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Chaboksafar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Alizadeh,
| | - Bahram Sohrabi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sorayya Kheirouri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
More Than an Antioxidant: Role of Dietary Astaxanthin on Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in the Liver of Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010136. [PMID: 36670998 PMCID: PMC9854815 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of dietary astaxanthin (AX) on glucose and lipid metabolism in rainbow trout liver. Two iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets were tested for 12 weeks in rainbow trout with an initial mean weight of 309 g. The S-ASTA diet was supplemented with 100 mg of synthetic AX per kg of feed, whereas the control diet (CTRL) had no AX. Fish fed the S-ASTA diet displayed lower neutral and higher polar lipids in the liver, associated with smaller hepatocytes and lower cytoplasm vacuolization. Dietary AX upregulated adipose triglyceride lipase (atgl), hormone-sensitive lipase (hsl2) and 1,2-diacylglycerol choline phosphotransferase (chpt), and downregulated diacylglycerol acyltransferase (dgat2), suggesting the AX's role in triacylglycerol (TAG) turnover and phospholipid (PL) synthesis. Dietary AX may also affect beta-oxidation with the upregulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (cpt1α2). Although hepatic cholesterol levels were not affected, dietary AX increased gene expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (srebp2). Dietary AX upregulated the expression of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6pgdh) and downregulated pyruvate kinase (pkl). Overall, results suggest that dietary AX modulates the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway and the last step of glycolysis, affecting TAG turnover, β-oxidation, PL and cholesterol synthesis in rainbow trout liver.
Collapse
|
6
|
Patil AD, Kasabe PJ, Dandge PB. Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical potential of natural bioactive pigment: astaxanthin. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2022; 12:25. [PMID: 35794254 PMCID: PMC9259778 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione) is an orange-red, lipophilic keto-carotenoid pigment. It is majorly found in marine ecosystems particularly in aquatic animals such as salmon, shrimp, trout, krill, crayfish, and so on. It is also synthesized in microalgae Heamatococcus pluvialis, Chlorococcum, Chlorella zofingiensis, red yeast Phaffia rhodozyma and bacterium Paracoccus carotinifaciens. Some aquatic and terrestrial creatures regarded as a primary and secondary sources of the astaxanthin producing and accumulating it through their metabolic pathways. Astaxanthin is the powerful antioxidant, nutritional supplement as well as promising therapeutic compound, observed to have activities against different ravaging diseases and disorders. Researchers have reported remarkable bioactivities of astaxanthin against major non-communicable chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative, and immune disorders. The current review discusses some structural aspects of astaxanthin. It further elaborates its multiple potencies such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, anti-cancer, anti-obese, anti-diabetic, anti-ageing, anti-TB, anti-viral, anti-COVID 19, neuro-protective, nephro-protective, and fertility-enhancing properties. These potencies make it a more precious entity in the preventions as well as treatments of prevalent systematic diseases and/or disorders. Also, the review is acknowledging and documenting its powerful bioactivities in relation with the pharmaceutical as well as nutraceutical applicability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Apurva D. Patil
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004 Maharashtra India
| | - Pramod J. Kasabe
- School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra India
| | - Padma B. Dandge
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004 Maharashtra India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aneesh P, Ajeeshkumar K, Lekshmi R, Anandan R, Ravishankar C, Mathew S. Bioactivities of astaxanthin from natural sources, augmenting its biomedical potential: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
8
|
Sun Q, Wu J, Qian G, Cheng H. Effectiveness of Dietary Supplement for Skin Moisturizing in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Nutr 2022; 9:895192. [PMID: 35719159 PMCID: PMC9201759 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.895192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The dietary supplement industry offers many oral cosmetics that purportedly assist in skin moisturization often with unclear evidence supporting efficacy and safety. To update the accessible proofs pertaining to the safety and effectiveness of oral dietary supplements to facilitate skin moisturizing via an all-around review and meta-analysis. Methods Three on-line databases [Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library (CENTRAL)] were retrieved from January 2000 to November 2021. An overall 66 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of skin care were recognized. Meta-analysis was performed for dietary supplements with four or more available research. Results Oral collagen or ceramide resulted in a statistically significant increase in skin hydration and a decrease in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) compared to placebo. No benefits regarding the improvement of skin conditions in terms of water content and TEWL were observed for lactic acid bacteria or Lactobacillus fermented foods. A statistically significant and positive effect on skin hydration was observed for both hyaluronan and procyanidin, with an unknown effect on TEWL due to insufficient RCTs. There was a non-significant improvement in the water content of stratum corneum for astaxanthin based on subgroup analyses. Among the dietary supplements trialed in ≤ 3 RCTs, the judgment regarding their effects on skin moisturizing was prevented by inconsistent conclusions as well as insufficient research. All food supplements were safe throughout the research (normally ≤ 24 weeks). Conclusion Oral dietary supplements, including collagen, ceramides, hyaluronan, and procyanidin, were proven to be effective for skin moisturization. At present, for skin moisturization, the proofs supporting the recommendation of other dietary supplements, such as lactic acid bacteria and astaxanthin, are insufficient. Systematic Review Registration http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ identifier CRD42021290818.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingping Wu
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guofei Qian
- Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Company Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Hongbin Cheng
- Dermatology Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Leung LYL, Chan SMN, Tam HL, Wong ESW. Astaxanthin Influence on Health Outcomes of Adults at Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102050. [PMID: 35631193 PMCID: PMC9148008 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of medication is effective in managing metabolic syndrome (MetS), but side effects have led to increased attention on using nutraceuticals and supplements. Astaxanthin shows positive effects in reducing the risk of MetS, but results from individual studies are inconclusive. This systematic review summarizes the latest evidence of astaxanthin in adults with risk factors of MetS. A systematic search of English and Chinese randomized controlled trials in 14 electronic databases from inception to 30 June 2021 was performed. Two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts, and conducted full-text review, quality appraisal, and extraction of data. Risk of bias was assessed by PEDro. A total of 7 studies met the inclusion criteria with 321 participants. Six studies were rated to have excellent methodological quality, while the remaining one was rated at good. Results show marginal effects of astaxanthin on reduction in total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure, and a significant attenuating effect on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Further robust evidence is needed to examine the effects of astaxanthin in adults at risk of MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leona Yuen-Ling Leung
- The Ronin Institute, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA;
- Hong Kong Food Science and Technology Association, Hong Kong, China
- Canadian Academy of Independent Scholars, Vancouver, BC V6B 5K3, Canada
| | - Sidney Man-Ngai Chan
- School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Hon-Lon Tam
- Education Department, Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macau 999078, China
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (H.-L.T.); (E.S.-W.W.)
| | - Emily Sze-Wan Wong
- School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China;
- Correspondence: (H.-L.T.); (E.S.-W.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Allkanjari O, Menniti-Ippolito F, Ippoliti I, Di Giacomo S, Piccioni T, Vitalone A. A descriptive study of commercial herbal dietary supplements used for dyslipidemia-Sales data and suspected adverse reactions. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2583-2604. [PMID: 35524700 PMCID: PMC9321615 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Herbal dietary supplements (HDS) used for dyslipidemia represent a category of concern in Italy for suspected adverse reactions (ARs). However, we cannot estimate their safety, as we do not know their commercial profile. Sales data of HDS, and particularly, those used for dyslipidemia, were monitored for 2 years in two pharmacies of Rome. Meanwhile, spontaneous reports of suspected ARs potentially related to dyslipidemia supplements were collected by the Italian Phytovigilance System. The 50% of the total dietary supplements are herbal-derived; the 9% of HDS are recommended for dyslipidemia. From our data, 113 different brands have claims for improving lipids profile and 91% of them are multiingredient preparations. Fifteen spontaneous reports of suspected ARs concerned HDS used, for dyslipidemia. The most frequent ARs were joint, abdominal, and muscles pain; vomiting; erythema and hematological disorders; nausea; and rhabdomyolysis. Our findings point out the limited compliance of commercial dyslipidemia-HDS and scientific research about their intrinsic safety. A wide range of ingredients could not support the risk/benefit profile of the supplement. The variable compositions of HDS do not assure the safety, as they do not support the reproducibility of their pharmacological activities. This study could contribute to optimize consumer guidance about what they purchase and consume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olta Allkanjari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology 'Vittorio Erspamer', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Ippoliti
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology 'Vittorio Erspamer', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Annabella Vitalone
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology 'Vittorio Erspamer', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xiang D, Jia B, Zhang B, Liang J, Hong Q, Wei H, Wu G. Astaxanthin Supplementation Improves the Subsequent Developmental Competence of Vitrified Porcine Zygotes. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:871289. [PMID: 35433903 PMCID: PMC9011099 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.871289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation of embryos has been confirmed to cause oxidative stress as a factor responsible for impaired developmental competence. Currently, astaxanthin (Ax) raises considerable interest as a strong exogenous antioxidant and for its potential in reproductive biology. The present study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of Ax supplementation during in vitro culture of vitrified porcine zygotes and the possible underlying mechanisms. First, the parthenogenetic zygotes were submitted to vitrification and then cultured in the medium added with various concentrations of Ax (0, 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 μM). Supplementation of 1.5 μM Ax achieved the highest blastocyst yield and was considered as the optimal concentration. This concentration also improved the blastocyst formation rate of vitrified cloned zygotes. Moreover, the vitrified parthenogenetic zygotes cultured with Ax exhibited significantly increased mRNA expression of CDX2, SOD2, and GPX4 in their blastocysts. We further analyzed oxidative stress, mitochondrial and lysosomal function in the 4-cell embryos and blastocysts derived from parthenogenetic zygotes. For the 4-cell embryos, vitrification disturbed the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH), and the activities of mitochondria, lysosome and cathepsin B, and Ax supplementation could fully or partially rescue these values. The blastocysts obtained from vitrified zygotes showed significantly reduced ATP content and elevated cathepsin B activity, which also was recovered by Ax supplementation. There were no significant differences in other parameters mentioned above for the resultant blastocysts. Furthermore, the addition of Ax significantly enhanced mitochondrial activity and reduced lysosomal activity in resultant blastocysts. In conclusion, these findings revealed that Ax supplementation during the culture period improved subsequent embryonic development and quality of porcine zygotes after vitrification and might be used to ameliorate the recovery culture condition for vitrified embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Decai Xiang
- National Regional Genebank (Yunnan) of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources, Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Baoyu Jia
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- National Regional Genebank (Yunnan) of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources, Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Jiachong Liang
- National Regional Genebank (Yunnan) of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources, Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Qionghua Hong
- National Regional Genebank (Yunnan) of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources, Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Hongjiang Wei
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Guoquan Wu
- National Regional Genebank (Yunnan) of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources, Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Guoquan Wu
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Aarabi M, Roustaei Rad N, Movahedian A, Feizi A, Aminorroaya A. Antioxidant effects of astaxanthin and metformin combined therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial. Res Pharm Sci 2022; 17:219-230. [PMID: 35280834 PMCID: PMC8860106 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.335179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Since the critical role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been proven, antioxidant therapy is considered an applicable strategy to control T2DM development. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of astaxanthin (AST) supplementation combined with metformin on oxidative indices and antioxidant defenses in T2DM patients. Experimental approach: In this randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial, 50 T2DM subjects receiving metformin were supplemented with 10 mg/day AST or placebo for 12 weeks. Malondialdehyde concentration and serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assessed as oxidative indices. We also evaluated NF-E2-related factor2 (Nrf2) as the most critical transcription factor of antioxidant defense. Moreover, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase were calculated. Findings/Results: AST supplementation-metformin combination caused a significant increase in SOD and catalase activities, as well as inducing Nrf2 protein expression compared to the placebo group. Significant changes in serum malondialdehyde and TAC between the AST group and placebo group after supplementation were not observed, although a significant increase was observed in TAC within the AST group after supplementation (32.67 ± 6.73) to before (25.86 ± 5.98). These results remained without change after adjustment for potential confounders. Conclusion and implications: Our study demonstrated that AST supplementation controlled oxidative stress through a synergistic effect with metformin and ameliorated overall antioxidant capacity by inducing Nrf2 transcription factor and activating SOD and catalase in T2DM patients. As a result, AST and metformin combination therapy can be considered beneficial in modifying oxidative stress and preventing T2DM complications.
Collapse
|
13
|
Yaqoob Z, Arshad MS, Imran M, Munir H, Qaisrani TB, Khalid W, Asghar Z, Suleria HAR. Mechanistic role of astaxanthin derived from shrimp against certain metabolic disorders. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:12-20. [PMID: 35035906 PMCID: PMC8751436 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by the imbalance between production of oxidants and antioxidants in the body leads to the development of different ailments. The bioactive compounds derived from marine sources are considered to be safe and appropriate to use. Astaxanthin possesses antioxidant activity about 100-500 times higher than other antioxidants such as α-tocopherol and β-carotene. It has numerous health benefits and vital pharmacological properties for the treatment of diseases like diabetes, hypertension, cancer, heart disease, ischemia, neurological disorders, and potential role in liver enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase which has significance in medicine as a diagnostic marker. The primary source of astaxanthin among crustaceans is shrimps and the presence of astaxanthin protects shrimps from oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Conclusively, astaxanthin derived from shrimps is very effective against oxidative stress which can lead to certain ailments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zubda Yaqoob
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid Arshad
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Diet and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Haroon Munir
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Tahira Batool Qaisrani
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and TechnologyGhazi UniversityDera Ghazi KhanPakistan
| | - Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Zubia Asghar
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria
- School of Agriculture and FoodFaculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Visioli F, Poli A. Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis: The Use of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2022; 270:271-285. [PMID: 31792678 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional interventions are effective and - in theory - easy to implement primary and secondary prevention strategies that reduce several risk factors of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Yet, because of (a) the severe impact of CVD in terms of mortality, morbidity, quality of life, and economy, (b) the proved role of LDL plasma concentrations as the most critical risk factor, and (c) the obstacles found both in terms of biological effects and compliance of the patient by an exclusively dietary intervention, food supplements or nutraceuticals are now valuable resources for physicians. As regards cholesterol control, several preparations are available in the market, and we will critically review them in this chapter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Visioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Poli
- Nutrition Foundation of Italy, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yao Y, Goh HM, Kim JE. The Roles of Carotenoid Consumption and Bioavailability in Cardiovascular Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1978. [PMID: 34943081 PMCID: PMC8750451 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural pigments generally with a polyene chain consisting of 9-11 double bonds. In recent years, there has been increasing research interest in carotenoids because of their protective roles in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). While the consumption of carotenoids may have a beneficial effect on CVDs, the literature shows inconsistencies between carotenoid consumption and reductions in the risk of CVDs. Therefore, this review aims to provide a summary of the association between dietary carotenoid intake and the risk of CVDs from published epidemiological studies. Meanwhile, to further elucidate the roles of carotenoid intake in CVD protection, this review outlines the evidence reporting the effects of carotenoids on cardiovascular health from randomized controlled trials by assessing classical CVD risk factors, oxidative stress, inflammatory markers and vascular health-related parameters, respectively. Given the considerable discrepancies among the published results, this review underlines the importance of bioavailability and summarizes the current dietary strategies for improving the bioavailability of carotenoids. In conclusion, this review supports the protective roles of carotenoids against CVDs, possibly by attenuating oxidative stress and mitigating inflammatory response. In addition, this review suggests that the bioavailability of carotenoids should be considered when evaluating the roles of carotenoids in CVD protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (Y.Y.); (H.M.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The Beneficial Effects of Astaxanthin on Glucose Metabolism and Modified Low-Density Lipoprotein in Healthy Volunteers and Subjects with Prediabetes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124381. [PMID: 34959932 PMCID: PMC8706636 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (ASTX) is an antioxidant agent. Recently, its use has been focused on the prevention of diabetes and atherosclerosis. We examined the effects of astaxanthin supplementation for 12 weeks on glucose metabolism, glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles and anthropometric indices in healthy volunteers including subjects with prediabetes with a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Methods: We enrolled 53 subjects who met our inclusion criteria and administered them with 12 mg astaxanthin or a placebo once daily for 12 weeks. Subsequently, their HbA1c levels, lipid profiles and biochemical parameters were determined. The participants also underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), vascular endothelial function test and measurement of the visceral fat area. Results: After astaxanthin supplementation for 12 weeks, glucose levels after 120 min in a 75 g OGTT significantly decreased compared to those before supplementation. Furthermore, the levels of HbA1c (5.64 ± 0.33 vs. 5.57 ± 0.39%, p < 0.05), apo E (4.43 ± 1.29 vs. 4.13 ± 1.24 mg/dL, p < 0.05) and malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (87.3 ± 28.6 vs. 76.3 ± 24.6 U/L, p < 0.05) were also reduced, whereas total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein-C (HDL-C) levels were unaltered. The Matuda index, which is one of the parameters of insulin resistance, was improved in the ASTX group compared to that before supplementation. Conclusions: our results suggest that ASTX may have preventive effects against diabetes and atherosclerosis and may be a novel complementary treatment option for the prevention of diabetes in healthy volunteers, including subjects with prediabetes, without adverse effects.
Collapse
|
17
|
Mokhtari E, Rafiei S, Shokri-Mashhadi N, Saneei P. Impact of astaxanthin supplementation on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
18
|
Kumar S, Kumar R, Kumari A, Panwar A. Astaxanthin: A super antioxidant from microalgae and its therapeutic potential. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 62:1064-1082. [PMID: 34817092 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a ketocarotenoid, super antioxidant molecule. It has higher antioxidant activity than a range of carotenoids, thus has applications in cosmetics, aquaculture, nutraceuticals, therapeutics, and pharmaceuticals. Naturally, it is derived from Haematococcus pluvialis via a one-stage process or two-stage process. Natural astaxanthin significantly reduces oxidative and free-radical stress as compared to synthetic astaxanthin. The present review summarizes all the aspects of astaxanthin, including its structure, chemistry, bioavailability, and current production technology. Also, this paper gives a detailed mechanism for the potential role of astaxanthin as nutraceuticals for cardiovascular disease prevention, skin protection, antidiabetic and anticancer, cosmetic ingredient, natural food colorant, and feed supplement in poultry and aquaculture. Astaxanthin is one of the high-valued microalgae products of the future. However, due to some risks involved or not having adequate research in terms of long-term consumption, it is still yet to be explored by food industries. Although the cost of naturally derived astaxanthin is high, it accounts for only a 1% share in total astaxanthin available in the global market. Therefore, scientists are looking for ways to cut down the cost of natural astaxanthin to be made available to consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | -
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Anju Kumari
- Centre of Food Science and Technology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Anil Panwar
- Department of Molecular Biology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ahmadi AR, Ayazi-Nasrabadi R. Astaxanthin protective barrier and its ability to improve the health in patients with COVID-19. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 13:434-441. [PMID: 34557270 PMCID: PMC8421583 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v13i4.6965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation acts like a double-edged sword and can be harmful if not appropriately controlled. COVID-19 is created through a novel species of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV). Elevated levels of inflammatory factors such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), etc. lead to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and severe complications of infection in the lungs of coronavirus-infected patients. Astaxanthin is a natural and potent carotenoid with powerful antioxidant activity as well as an anti-inflammatory agent that supports good health. The effects of astaxanthin on the regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathways and the reduction and suppression of cytokines and other inflammatory agents such as IL-6 and TNF-α have already been identified. Therefore, these unique features can make this natural compound an excellent option to minimize inflammation and its consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali-Reza Ahmadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Women Research Center, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Ayazi-Nasrabadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Women Research Center, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nutraceutical Combinations in Hypercholesterolemia: Evidence from Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093128. [PMID: 34579005 PMCID: PMC8470433 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing number of nutraceutical combinations (NCs) on the market for hypercholesterolemia, although clinical trials to verify their safety and efficacy are scarce. We selected fourteen randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials (RCTs) on different lipid-lowering NCs in hypercholesterolemic subjects. We described each compound's mechanism of action and efficacy in the mixtures and summarized the clinical trials settings and NCs safety and efficacy results. Almost all NCs resulted efficient against hypercholesterolemia; only one reported no changes. Interestingly, red yeast rice (RYR) was present in eleven mixtures. It is not clear whether the lipid-lowering efficacy of these combinations derives mainly from the RYR component monacolin K "natural statin" single effect. Up to now, few RCTs have verified the efficacy of every single compound vs. NCs to evaluate possible additive or synergistic effects, probably due to the complexity and the high resources request. In conclusion, to manage the arising nutraceutical tide against hypercholesterolemia, it could be helpful to increase the number and robustness of clinical studies to verify the efficacy and safety of the new NCs.
Collapse
|
21
|
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Astaxanthin on Human Skin Ageing. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092917. [PMID: 34578794 PMCID: PMC8472736 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Astaxanthin (ASX), a xanthophyll carotenoid derived from microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis, mitigating skin photoaging and age-related skin diseases by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in animal studies. Objective: The aim was to systematically evaluate if ASX applications have anti-ageing effects in humans. Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science found a total of eleven studies. Nine randomised, controlled human studies assessed oral ASX effects and two open-label, prospective studies evaluated topical, oral-topical ASX effects on skin ageing. GetData Graph Digitizer was used to extract mean values and standard deviations of baseline and endpoint, and Cochrane Collaboration’s tool assessed RoB for all included studies. Review Manager 5.4 was used to conduct meta-analysis of RCTs; the results were reported as effect size ± 95% confidence interval. Results: Oral ASX supplementation significantly restored moisture content (SMD = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.05, 1.01; I2 = 52%; p = 0.03) and improved elasticity (SMD = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.19, 1.35; I2 = 75%; p = 0.009) but did not significantly decrease wrinkle depth (SMD = −0.26; 95% CI = −0.58, 0.06; I2 = 0%; p = 0.11) compared to placebo. Open-label, prospective studies suggested slightly protective effects of topical and oral-topical ASX applications on skin ageing. Conclusions: Ingestion and/or topical usages of ASX may be effective in reducing skin ageing and have promising cosmetical potential, as it improves moisture content and elasticity and reduces wrinkles.
Collapse
|
22
|
Xiang DC, Jia BY, Fu XW, Guo JX, Hong QH, Quan GB, Wu GQ. Role of astaxanthin as an efficient antioxidant on the in vitro maturation and vitrification of porcine oocytes. Theriogenology 2021; 167:13-23. [PMID: 33743504 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most powerful natural antioxidants, astaxanthin (Ax) has begun to be applied to the field of reproductive biology. Here we used porcine oocyte as a model to explore how Ax improves the oocyte potential during in vitro maturation (IVM), and we also investigated the cytoprotective effects of Ax on the vitrified oocytes. Ax supplementation (final concentration of 2.5 μM) was subjected for immature oocytes during vitrification and subsequent IVM; fresh oocytes were also matured in vitro in the presence or absence of 2.5 μM Ax. Our results showed that Ax significantly increased the survival rate of vitrified oocytes, and promoted the blastocyst yield of both fresh and vitrified oocytes after parthenogenetic activation and somatic cell nuclear transfer. The oocytes treated with Ax displayed significantly lower reactive oxygen species generation and higher glutathione level. Vitrification of oocytes had no impact on caspase-3, cathepsin B and autophagic activities; Ax significantly decreased the cathepsin B activity in both fresh and vitrified oocytes. Moreover, the relative fluorescence intensity of lysosomes was significantly increased in vitrified oocytes, which was recovered by Ax treatment. The mitochondrial activity did not differ between fresh and vitrified oocytes, and was significantly enhanced in Ax-treated oocytes. Furthermore, Ax significantly restored the decreased expression of BMP15, ZAR1, POU5F1, GPX4 and LAMP2 genes in vitrified oocytes. Both fresh and vitrified oocytes treated with Ax showed significantly higher mRNA levels of GDF9, POU5F1, SOD2, NRF2 and ATG5. Taken together, this study provides new perspectives in understanding the mechanisms by which Ax improves the developmental competence of both fresh and vitrified porcine oocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De-Cai Xiang
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Bao-Yu Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Xiang-Wei Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jian-Xiong Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Qiong-Hua Hong
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Guo-Bo Quan
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China.
| | - Guo-Quan Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Soltani S, Boozari M, Cicero AFG, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Effects of phytochemicals on macrophage cholesterol efflux capacity: Impact on atherosclerosis. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2854-2878. [PMID: 33464676 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) is the major promoter of reverse cholesterol transport and efflux of excess cellular cholesterol. The functions of HDL, such as cholesterol efflux, are associated with cardiovascular disease rather than HDL levels. We have reviewed the evidence base on the major classes of phytochemicals, including polyphenols, alkaloids, carotenoids, phytosterols, and fatty acids, and their effects on macrophage cholesterol efflux and its major pathways. Phytochemicals show the potential to improve the efficiency of each of these pathways. The findings are mainly in preclinical studies, and more clinical research is warranted in this area to develop novel clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Soltani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahareh Boozari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arrigo F G Cicero
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Previous studies have found that oxidative stress is the negative reaction of the imbalance between oxidation and antioxidation caused by free radicals, and it is the fuse of aging and many diseases. Scavenging the accumulation of free radicals in the body and inhibiting the production of free radicals are effective ways to reduce the occurrence of oxidative stress. In recent years, studies have found that oxidative stress has other effects on the body, such as anti-tumour. In this paper, the targets related to anti-oxidative stress were introduced, and they were divided into nuclear transcription factors, enzymes, solute carrier family 7, member 11 (SLC7A11) genes and iron death, ion channels, molecular chaperones, small molecules according to their different functions. In addition, we introduce the research status of agonists/inhibitors related to these targets, so as to provide some reference for the follow-up research and clinical application of anti-oxidative stress drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hong Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fang-Xu Dong
- College of Foreign Languages, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wierzba W, Karnafel W, Śliwczyński A, Pinkas J, Gujski M. Diabetes mellitus and congestive heart failure: the prevalence of congestive heart failure in patients with and without diabetes in Poland. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:646-651. [PMID: 34025834 PMCID: PMC8130468 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2018.74261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus is a systemic disease and has a negative effect on the cardiovascular system. This paper aimed to present a retrospective analysis of morbidity associated with heart failure in subgroups of patients with and without diabetes in Poland in 2012. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data from the National Health Fund were used for the study. In general, 656,937 patients with heart failure, including 281,538 males and 375,354 females, were studied. In this population, additionally, 201,043 patients with heart failure (main diagnosis) and diabetes were studied, including 82,117 males and 118,926 females. RESULTS The mean index of morbidity associated with heart failure in the whole subpopulation of diabetes patients was 9.03%; 8.42% for males and 9.50% for females. Morbidity associated with heart failure in the population of patients diagnosed with diabetes in Poland in 2012 was seven times higher compared to morbidity associated with heart failure in non-diabetes patients. Morbidity associated with heart failure in females was significantly higher compared to morbidity in males in the whole population, in both the subpopulations of patients with and without diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes mellitus significantly increases risk of heart failure in both women and men. The risk is significantly high after the age of 60 years and higher in females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Wierzba
- Department of Public Health, University of Humanities and Economics, Lodz, Poland
| | - Waldemar Karnafel
- Department of Public Health, University of Humanities and Economics, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Śliwczyński
- Department of Public Health, University of Humanities and Economics, Lodz, Poland
- National Health Fund, Central Office, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Pinkas
- School of Public Health, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Gujski
- Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sachinidis AG, Nikolic D, Stoian AP, Toth PP, Rizzo M. Nutraceuticals and Lipid Management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-56514-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
27
|
Dietary Supplementation of Astaxanthin Improved the Growth Performance, Antioxidant Ability and Immune Response of Juvenile Largemouth Bass ( Micropterus salmoides) Fed High-Fat Diet. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18120642. [PMID: 33333811 PMCID: PMC7765211 DOI: 10.3390/md18120642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) usually induces oxidative stress and astaxanthin is regarded as an excellent anti-oxidant. An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary astaxanthin supplementation on growth performance, lipid metabolism, antioxidant ability, and immune response of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed HFD. Four diets were formulated: the control diet (10.87% lipid, C), high-fat diet (18.08% lipid, HF), and HF diet supplemented with 75 and 150 mg kg-1 astaxanthin (HFA1 and HFA2, respectively). Dietary supplementation of astaxanthin improved the growth of fish fed HFD, also decreased hepatosomatic index and intraperitoneal fat ratio of fish fed HFD, while having no effect on body fat. Malondialdehyde content and superoxide dismutase activity were increased in fish fed HFD, astaxanthin supplementation in HFD decreased the oxidative stress of fish. The supplementation of astaxanthin in HFD also reduced the mRNA levels of Caspase 3, Caspase 9, BAD, and IL15. These results suggested that dietary astaxanthin supplementation in HFD improved the growth performance, antioxidant ability and immune response of largemouth bass.
Collapse
|
28
|
Xia W, Tang N, Kord-Varkaneh H, Low TY, Tan SC, Wu X, Zhu Y. The effects of astaxanthin supplementation on obesity, blood pressure, CRP, glycemic biomarkers, and lipid profile: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
29
|
Purohith R, Nagalingaswamy NP, Shivananju NS. Dietary Carotenoids in Managing Metabolic Syndrome and Role of PPARs in the Process. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401315666190619111557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a collective term that denotes disorder in metabolism, symptoms of
which include hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and endothelial dysfunction. Diet is a
major predisposing factor in the development of metabolic syndrome, and dietary intervention is
necessary for both prevention and management. The bioactive constituents of food play a key role in
this process. Micronutrients such as vitamins, carotenoids, amino acids, flavonoids, minerals, and
aromatic pigment molecules found in fruits, vegetables, spices, and condiments are known to have
beneficial effects in preventing and managing metabolic syndrome. There exists a well-established
relationship between oxidative stress and major pathological conditions such as inflammation, metabolic
syndrome, and cancer. Consequently, dietary antioxidants are implicated in the remediation of
these complications. The mechanism of action and targets of dietary antioxidants as well as their
effects on related pathways are being extensively studied and elucidated in recent times. This review
attempts a comprehensive study of the role of dietary carotenoids in alleviating metabolic syndromewith
an emphasis on molecular mechanism-in the light of recent advances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghunandan Purohith
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra Engineering College, JSS Science and Technology University, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru 570005, India
| | - Nagendra P.M. Nagalingaswamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra Engineering College, JSS Science and Technology University, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru 570005, India
| | - Nanjunda S. Shivananju
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra Engineering College, JSS Science and Technology University, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru 570005, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Williamson EM, Liu X, Izzo AA. Trends in use, pharmacology, and clinical applications of emerging herbal nutraceuticals. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1227-1240. [PMID: 31799702 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutraceuticals market is vast, encompassing many different products with inconsistent levels of evidence available to support their use. This overview represents a Western perspective of the nutraceuticals market, with a brief comparison with that in China, as an illustration of how individual health supplements increase and decrease in popularity in regional terms. Recent changes in sales patterns, mainly taken from the US market, are summarized and a selection of five newer products, which have not been subject to extensive recent review are profiled: astaxanthin, a carotenoid found in red algae, seafood, salmon and trout, as an antioxidant; cannabidiol, a non-euphoric marijuana ingredient used as mood enhancer and for painful/inflammatory conditions; modified extracts of ginseng used in new indications including dementia and space travel; monk fruit, a non-sugar high intensity sweetener and nigella seed, a popular food ingredient and Asian medicine, which has experienced an extraordinary rise in sales recently. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Research Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Angelo A Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kalinowski CT, Larroquet L, Véron V, Robaina L, Izquierdo MS, Panserat S, Kaushik S, Fontagné-Dicharry S. Influence of Dietary Astaxanthin on the Hepatic Oxidative Stress Response Caused by Episodic Hyperoxia in Rainbow Trout. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120626. [PMID: 31817693 PMCID: PMC6943655 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A 13-week feeding trial was carried out with juvenile rainbow trout to test two diets: a control diet without astaxanthin (AX) supplementation (CTRL diet), and a diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg of synthetic AX (ASTA diet). During the last week of the feeding trial, fish were exposed to episodic hyperoxia challenge for 8 consecutive hours per day. Episodic hyperoxia induced physiological stress responses characterized by a significant increase in plasma cortisol and hepatic glycogen and a decrease in plasma glucose levels. The decrease of plasma glucose and the increase of hepatic glycogen content due to episodic hyperoxia were emphasized with the ASTA diet. Hyperoxia led to an increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in the muscle, diminished by dietary AX supplementation in both liver and muscle. Muscle and liver AX were increased and decreased respectively after 7-day episodic hyperoxia, leading to an increase in flesh redness. This augment of muscle AX could not be attributed to AX mobilization, since plasma AX was not affected by hyperoxia. Moreover, hyperoxia decreased most of antioxidant enzyme activities in liver, whereas dietary AX supplementation specifically increased glutathione reductase activity. A higher mRNA level of hepatic glutathione reductase, thioredoxin reductase, and glutamate-cysteine ligase in trout fed the ASTA diet suggests the role of AX in glutathione and thioredoxin recycling and in de novo glutathione synthesis. Indeed, dietary AX supplementation improved the ratio between reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) in liver. In addition, the ASTA diet up-regulated glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA level in the liver, signaling that dietary AX supplementation may also stimulate the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway that produces NADPH, which provides reducing power that counteracts oxidative stress. The present results provide a broader understanding of the mechanisms by which dietary AX is involved in the reduction of oxidative status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Tatiana Kalinowski
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Research Institute in Sustainable Aquaculture and Marine Conservation (IU-ECOAQUA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain; (C.T.K.); (L.R.); (M.S.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Laurence Larroquet
- NUMEA, INRA, University Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, 64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France; (L.L.); (V.V.); (S.P.)
| | - Vincent Véron
- NUMEA, INRA, University Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, 64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France; (L.L.); (V.V.); (S.P.)
| | - Lidia Robaina
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Research Institute in Sustainable Aquaculture and Marine Conservation (IU-ECOAQUA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain; (C.T.K.); (L.R.); (M.S.I.); (S.K.)
| | - María Soledad Izquierdo
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Research Institute in Sustainable Aquaculture and Marine Conservation (IU-ECOAQUA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain; (C.T.K.); (L.R.); (M.S.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Stéphane Panserat
- NUMEA, INRA, University Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, 64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France; (L.L.); (V.V.); (S.P.)
| | - Sachi Kaushik
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Research Institute in Sustainable Aquaculture and Marine Conservation (IU-ECOAQUA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Crta. Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Spain; (C.T.K.); (L.R.); (M.S.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Stéphanie Fontagné-Dicharry
- NUMEA, INRA, University Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, 64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France; (L.L.); (V.V.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-559515996
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Haley HMS, Hill AG, Greenwood AI, Woerly EM, Rienstra CM, Burke MD. Peridinin Is an Exceptionally Potent and Membrane-Embedded Inhibitor of Bilayer Lipid Peroxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15227-15240. [PMID: 30388000 PMCID: PMC6452872 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antilipoperoxidant protein dysfunction is associated with many human diseases, suggesting that bilayer lipid peroxidation may contribute broadly to pathogenesis. Small molecule inhibitors of this membrane-localized chemistry could in theory enable better understanding and/or treatment of such diseases, but currently available compounds have important limitations. Many biological questions thus remain unanswered, and clinical trials have largely been disappointing. Enabled by efficient, building block-based syntheses of three atypical carotenoid natural products produced by microorganisms that thrive in environments of extreme oxidative stress, we found that peridinin is a potent inhibitor of nonenzymatic bilayer lipid peroxidation in liposomes and in primary human endothelial cells. We also found that peridinin blocks monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion, a key step in atherogenesis. A series of frontier solid-state NMR experiments with a site-specifically 13C-labeled isotopolog synthesized using the same MIDA boronate building block-based total synthesis approach revealed that peridinin is completely embedded within and physically spans the hydrophobic core of POPC membranes, maximizing its effective molarity at the site of the targeted lipid peroxidation reactions. Alternatively, the widely used carotenoid astaxanthin is significantly less potent and was found to primarily localize extramembranously. Peridinin thus represents a promising and biophysically well-characterized starting point for the development of small molecule antilipoperoxidants that serve as more effective biological probes and/or therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. S. Haley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Adam G. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alexander I. Greenwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Facility in Applied Science and Physics, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, United States (A.I.G.)
| | - Eric M. Woerly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, United States (E.M.W.)
| | - Chad M. Rienstra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Martin D. Burke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61821, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Effect of Bitter Melon Extracts on Lipid Levels in Japanese Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:4915784. [PMID: 30532795 PMCID: PMC6250023 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4915784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is exemplified by high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and represents a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and requires therapeutic intervention. Several experimental studies suggest that bitter melon (Momordica charantia) improves lipid metabolism in animal models of dyslipidemia and diabetes. This study evaluated the effects of bitter melon extracts on lipid metabolism following a 30-day treatment period in Japanese adults. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial included 43 adult volunteers who received either 100 mg of hot-water extracts of bitter melon (n = 23) or a placebo (n = 20) three times daily for 30 days. The body weight, blood pressure, and levels of LDL-C and other blood parameters of each subject were measured before and after the study period. The results showed that the intervention group exhibited significantly lower LDL-C levels (P = 0.02) as compared with the control group, and there were no significant changes in either group in terms of body weight, body mass index, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, or blood glucose. These results suggested that bitter melon extracts might effectively lower LDL-C levels in humans and exhibit potential therapeutic value for the management of dyslipidemic conditions.
Collapse
|
34
|
Salehi-Abargouei A, Ghiasvand R, Hariri M. Prebiotics, Prosynbiotics and Synbiotics: Can They Reduce Plasma Oxidative Stress Parameters? A Systematic Review. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 9:1-11. [PMID: 28044254 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-016-9248-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the effectiveness of presybiotics, prosybiotics and synbiotics on reducing serum oxidative stress parameters. PubMed/Medline, Ovid, Google Scholar, ISI Web of Science and SCOPUS were searched up to September 2016. English language randomized clinical trials reporting the effect of presybiotics, prosybiotics or synbiotic interventions on serum oxidative stress parameters in human adults were included. Twenty-one randomized clinical trials met the inclusion criteria for systematic review. Two studies investigated prebiotics, four studies synbiotics and fifteen studies probiotics. According to our systematic review, prebiotic could decrease malondialdehyde and increase superoxidative dismutase, but evidence is not enough. In comparison with fructo-oligosaccharide, inulin is much more useful for oxidative stress reduction. Using probiotics with dairy products could reduce oxidative stress significantly, but probiotic in form of supplementation did not have any effect on oxidative stress. There is limited but supportive evidence that presybiotics, prosybiotics and synbiotics are effective for reducing oxidative stress parameters. Further randomized clinical trials with longer duration of intervention especially on population with increased oxidative stress are needed to provide more definitive results before any recommendation for clinical use of these interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Reza Ghiasvand
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mitra Hariri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Derosa G, D'Angelo A, Romano D, Maffioli P. Response to an oral fat load and effects on lipid profile, glycemia and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein after soybean extract consumption. Arch Med Sci 2018; 14:760-765. [PMID: 30002692 PMCID: PMC6040112 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.70993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the response in terms of lipid profile, glycemia and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein after an oral fat load (OFL) with a non-dairy cheese cream containing fermented soybean extract soy, compared to a dairy cheese. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred twenty-four healthy subjects underwent an OFL performed using a mixture containing non-dairy cheese cream, containing 75% fermented soybean extract (Valsoia Lo spalmabile), or a dairy cheese cream. RESULTS During the OFL, total cholesterol and triglycerides at 6 h were lower with non-dairy cheese cream containing fermented soybean compared to dairy cheese cream. The value of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol recorded at 6 h with the active treatment was lower than the one recorded at the same time with the dairy cheese cream. A decrease of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was recorded with the dairy cheese cream, but not with the active treatment; moreover, the HDL-C value recorded with the active treatment was higher than the one observed with the dairy cheese cream. There was an increase of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) at 3, 6, and 9 h compared to 0 h with the dairy cheese cream, but not with the active treatment. The hs-CRP value observed with the active treatment was lower than the one observed with the dairy cheese cream. CONCLUSIONS A non-dairy cheese cream, containing 75% fermented soybean extract, caused a minor increase of lipid profile and of hs-CRP during OFL compared to a dairy cheese cream in healthy subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Derosa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Angela D'Angelo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Romano
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pamela Maffioli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Patti AM, Al-Rasadi K, Giglio RV, Nikolic D, Mannina C, Castellino G, Chianetta R, Banach M, Cicero AF, Lippi G, Montalto G, Rizzo M, Toth PP. Natural approaches in metabolic syndrome management. Arch Med Sci 2018; 14:422-441. [PMID: 29593818 PMCID: PMC5868676 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.68717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized as a group of cardiometabolic risk factors that raise the risk for heart disease and other health problems, such as diabetes mellitus and stroke. Treatment strategies include pharmacologic interventions and supplementary (or "alternative") treatments. Nutraceuticals are derived from food sources (isolated nutrients, dietary supplements and herbal products) that are purported to provide health benefits, in addition to providing basic nutritional value. Nutraceuticals are claimed to prevent chronic diseases, improve health, delay the aging process, increase life expectancy, and support the structure and function of the body. The study of the beneficial effects of nutraceuticals in patients with MetS, including product standardization, duration of supplementation and definition of optimal dosing, could help better define appropriate treatment. This review focuses on widely marketed nutraceuticals (namely polyphenols, omega-3 fatty acids, macroelements and vitamins) with clinically demonstrated effects on more than one component of MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Maria Patti
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Italy
- EuroMediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Italy
| | - Khalid Al-Rasadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Rosaria Vincenza Giglio
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Italy
- EuroMediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Italy
| | - Dragana Nikolic
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Italy
- EuroMediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Italy
| | - Carlo Mannina
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Castellino
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Italy
- EuroMediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Italy
| | - Roberta Chianetta
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Italy
- EuroMediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Italy
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Arrigo F.G. Cicero
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Italy
- EuroMediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Italy
| | - Peter P. Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, Illinois; Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zuluaga M, Gueguen V, Letourneur D, Pavon-Djavid G. Astaxanthin-antioxidant impact on excessive Reactive Oxygen Species generation induced by ischemia and reperfusion injury. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 279:145-158. [PMID: 29179950 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) was shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular pathologies. Particularly, oxidative stress has proved to mediate abnormal platelet function and dysfunctional endothelium-dependent vasodilatation representing a key factor in the progression of ischemic injuries. Antioxidants like carotenoids have been suggested to contribute in their prevention and treatment. Astaxanthin, a xanthophyll carotenoid produced naturally and synthetically, shows interesting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In vivo studies applying different models of induced ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury confirm astaxanthin's protective action after oral or intravenous administration. However, some studies have shown some limitations after oral administration such as low stability, bioavailability and bioefficacy, revealing a need for the implementation of new biomaterials to act as astaxanthin vehicles in vivo. Here, a brief overview of the chemical characteristics of astaxanthin, the carrier systems developed for overcoming its delivery drawbacks and the animal studies showing its potential effect to treat I/R injury are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Zuluaga
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cite 99, Av. Jean-Baptiste Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - V Gueguen
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cite 99, Av. Jean-Baptiste Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - D Letourneur
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cite 99, Av. Jean-Baptiste Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - G Pavon-Djavid
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cite 99, Av. Jean-Baptiste Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Maierean SM, Serban MC, Sahebkar A, Ursoniu S, Serban A, Penson P, Banach M. The effects of cinnamon supplementation on blood lipid concentrations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 11:1393-1406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
39
|
Guo XF, Li ZH, Cai H, Li D. The effects of Lycium barbarum L. (L. barbarum) on cardiometabolic risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Funct 2017; 8:1741-1748. [PMID: 28401234 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00183e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Lycium barbarum L. (L. barbarum) on the cardiometabolic risk factors from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown inconsistent results. The present meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of L. barbarum supplementation on the cardiometabolic risk factors. A systematic literature search was performed in Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed, Scopus, and Wanfang databases updated to March 2017. The mean changes in cardiometabolic risk factors were calculated as the weighted mean difference (WMD) using a random-effects model. Seven RCTs with a total of 548 subjects were included. The pooled estimate showed that L. barbarum intervention significantly reduced the fasting glucose concentrations (-0.36 mmol L-1/-6.5 mg dL-1; 95% confident interval (CI): -0.62, -0.10 mmol L-1/-11.3, -1.8 mg dL-1). In addition, L. barbarum supplementation marginally reduced the concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) (-0.30 mmol L-1/-11.6 mg dL-1; 95% CI: -0.75, 0.15 mmol L-1/-29.0, 5.8 mg dL-1; P = 0.189) and triglyceride (TG) (-0.20 mmol L-1/-17.7 mg dL-1; 95% CI: -0.46, 0.05 mmol L-1/-40.7, 4.4 mg dL-1; P = 0.122), but the summary estimates did not reach statistical significance. No benefit was found in relation to bodyweight and blood pressure. The present meta-analysis provides some evidence that supplemental L. barbarum might have favourable effect on glucose control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Guo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cicero AF, Colletti A, Bajraktari G, Descamps O, Djuric DM, Ezhov M, Fras Z, Katsiki N, Langlois M, Latkovskis G, Panagiotakos DB, Paragh G, Mikhailidis DP, Mitchenko O, Paulweber B, Pella D, Pitsavos C, Reiner Ž, Ray KK, Rizzo M, Sahebkar A, Serban MC, Sperling LS, Toth PP, Vinereanu D, Vrablík M, Wong ND, Banach M. Lipid lowering nutraceuticals in clinical practice: position paper from an International Lipid Expert Panel. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:965-1005. [PMID: 28883839 PMCID: PMC5575230 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.69326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F.G. Cicero
- Department of Medicine and Surgery Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Italian Society of Nutraceuticals (SINut)
| | - Alessandro Colletti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Italian Society of Nutraceuticals (SINut)
| | - Gani Bajraktari
- Clinic of Cardiology, University Clinical Centre of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo; Medical Faculty, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo; Kosovo Society of Caridology
| | - Olivier Descamps
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian“, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Serbian Association for Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Research
| | - Dragan M. Djuric
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian“, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Serbian Association for Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Research
| | - Marat Ezhov
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Centre, Moscow, Russia; Russian National Atherosclerosis Society
| | - Zlatko Fras
- Preventive Cardiology Unit, Department of Vascular Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; Chair for Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia; Slovenian Society of Cardiology
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Second Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michel Langlois
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, AZ Sint-Jan Hospital, Bruges, Belgium; Belgian Atheroclerosis Society
| | - Gustavs Latkovskis
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Cardiology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Baltic Atherosclerosis Society
| | - Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos
- School of Health Science and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gyorgy Paragh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Hungarian Atherosclerosis Society
| | - Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Campus, Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Olena Mitchenko
- 13Dyslipidaemia Department, Institute of Cardiology AMS of Ukraine, Ukraine; Ukrainian Atherosclerosis Society
| | - Bernhard Paulweber
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Austrian Atheroclerosis Society (AAS)
| | - Daniel Pella
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Košice, Slovakia; Slovak Association of Atherosclerosis
| | - Christos Pitsavos
- Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece; Hellenic Atherosclerosis Society
| | - Željko Reiner
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Department of Internal Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Croatian Atherosclerosis Society
| | - Kausik K. Ray
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maria-Corina Serban
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania; Department of Functional Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Laurence S. Sperling
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Peter P. Toth
- The Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA; Preventive Cardiology, CGH Medical Center, Sterling, Illinois, USA
| | - Dragos Vinereanu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Cardiology, University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania; Romanian Society of Cardiology
| | - Michal Vrablík
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Czech Atherosclerosis Society
| | - Nathan D. Wong
- Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland; Lipid and Blood Pressure Meta-Analysis Collaboration (LBPMC) Group; Polish Lipid Association (PoLA)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ellidag HY, Aydin O, Eren E, Yilmaz N, Gencpinar T, Kucukseymen S, Yilmaz A, Arslan Ince FD. Phenotype distribution of the paraoxonase gene in patients with cardiac disease. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:820-826. [PMID: 28721150 PMCID: PMC5510503 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.59674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Paraoxonase (PON1) is an enigmatic enzyme with multiple enzymatic properties including arylesterase and lactonase activities besides its ability to hydrolyze the toxic metabolite of parathion, paraoxon. The aim of this study was to determine the phenotype distribution of PON1 in patients with cardiac disease who were classified in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), heart valve disease (HVD), heart failure (HF) and ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) groups and healthy subjects as a control group. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 300 people (100 cardiac surgery (70 CABG and 30 HVD), 70 HF, 30 STEMI patients and 100 healthy controls) were admitted to this study. Individual variations in PON1 were determined using the dual substrate (paraoxon and phenylacetate) method. RESULTS The following phenotype distributions were found in the cardiac disease and control groups: cardiac disease group (n = 200): 48.5% (QQ), 42.5% (QR), 9% (RR) and control group (n = 100): 58% (QQ), 39% (QR), 3% (RR). RR (high activity) phenotypic distribution was more common in the cardiac disease group than in controls (p = 0.04). In particular, the frequency of the RR phenotype was two- to three-fold higher in the STEMI and HF patients compared to the controls as well as CABG and HVD groups. CONCLUSIONS We found a higher percentage of RR phenotype in STEMI and HF patients compared to a large control group as well as compared to two other groups of cardiac disease patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamit Yasar Ellidag
- Department of Biochemistry, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Aydin
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Batman, Turkey
| | - Esin Eren
- Department of Biochemistry, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Necat Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Tugra Gencpinar
- Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic, Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Kucukseymen
- Clinic of Cardiology, Antalya Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Akar Yilmaz
- Clinic of Cardiology, Antalya Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Demet Arslan Ince
- Department of Biochemistry, Tepecik Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sosnowska B, Penson P, Banach M. The role of nutraceuticals in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2017; 7:S21-S31. [PMID: 28529919 PMCID: PMC5418215 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2017.03.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) ranks among the most common health-related and economic issues worldwide. Dietary factors are important contributors to cardiovascular risk, either directly, or through their effects on other cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus. Nutraceuticals are natural nutritional compounds, which have been shown to be efficacious in preventative medicine or in the treatment of disease. Several foods and dietary supplements have been shown to protect against the development of CVD. The aim of this review is to present an update on the most recent evidence relating to the use of nutraceuticals in the context of the prevention and treatment of CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Sosnowska
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Peter Penson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Momtazi AA, Banach M, Pirro M, Katsiki N, Sahebkar A. Regulation of PCSK9 by nutraceuticals. Pharmacol Res 2017; 120:157-169. [PMID: 28363723 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9) is a liver secretory enzyme that regulates plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C) levels through modulation of LDL receptor (LDLR) density on the surface of hepatocytes. Inhibition of PCSK9 using monoclonal antibodies can efficiently lower plasma LDL-C, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein (a). PCSK9 inhibition is also an effective adjunct to statin therapy; however, the cost-effectiveness of currently available PCSK9 inhibitors is under question. Nutraceuticals offer a safe and cost-effective option for PCSK9 inhibition. Several nutraceuticals have been reported to modulate PCSK9 levels and exert LDL-lowering activity. Mechanistically, those nutraceuticals that inhibit PCSK9 through a SREBP (sterol-responsive element binding protein)-independent pathway can be more effective in lowering plasma LDL-C levels compared with those inhibiting PCSK9 through the SREBP pathway. The present review aims to collect available data on the nutraceuticals with PCSK9-inhibitory effect and the underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abbas Momtazi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran; Metabolic Research Centre, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hepatic Transcriptome Profiles of Mice with Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Treated with Astaxanthin and Vitamin E. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030593. [PMID: 28282876 PMCID: PMC5372609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin alleviates hepatic lipid accumulation and peroxidation, inflammation, and fibrosis in mice with high-cholesterol, high-cholate, and high-fat (CL) diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). It has been proposed as a potential new treatment to inhibit the progression of NASH in humans. In this study, we compared hepatic gene expression profiles after treatment with astaxanthin or the antioxidant vitamin E in mice with CL diet-induced NASH. Comprehensive gene expression analyses of the livers of mice fed a standard, CL, or CL diet containing astaxanthin or vitamin E for 12 weeks were performed using a DNA microarray. Both astaxanthin and vitamin E effectively improved gene expression associated with eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (EIF2) signaling, which is suppressed in NASH by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the liver. However, astaxanthin did not improve the expression of genes associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Astaxanthin, but not vitamin E, was predicted to suppress the actions of ligand-dependent nuclear receptors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, (PPAR) α (PPARA) and PPARδ (PPARD), and to affect related molecules. Establishing a new therapy using astaxanthin will require elucidation of astaxanthin’s molecular action on the functions of PPARα and related molecules in the livers of mice with diet-induced NASH.
Collapse
|
45
|
Hamed SA. Brain injury with diabetes mellitus: evidence, mechanisms and treatment implications. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2017; 10:409-428. [PMID: 28276776 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2017.1293521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sherifa A. Hamed
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University Hospital , Assiut, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Visioli F, Artaria C. Astaxanthin in cardiovascular health and disease: mechanisms of action, therapeutic merits, and knowledge gaps. Food Funct 2017; 8:39-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01721e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the main contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional Foods
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) – 6 Food
- CEI UAM+CSIC
- Madrid
- Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Giglio RV, Patti AM, Nikolic D, Li Volti G, Al-Rasadi K, Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP, Montalto G, Ivanova E, Orekhov AN, Rizzo M. The effect of bergamot on dyslipidemia. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1175-1181. [PMID: 26851838 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins are the most common used lipid lowering drugs but they may cause adverse effects and despite their well-established therapeutic benefits residual cardiovascular (CV) risk remains. The use of other lipid lowering drugs and nutraceuticals alone or as add-on lipid-modifying therapy can be an option in such cases. Several studies have reported health-related properties of the Citrus fruits, among which bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) differs from others by particularly high content of certain compounds. PURPOSE This narrative review summarizes the current evidence on the effects of bergamot on lipid parameters based on studies involving animals and humans. MAIN EVIDENCE This natural supplement may lead to effective lipid-lowering treatment. Its lipid-lowering activity is attributed to different flavonoids. However, the exact mechanisms involved remain unclear. CONCLUSION It is expected that ongoing and future studies will confirm the benefit of bergamot in dyslipidemic and other cardiometabolic disorders, potentially leading to reduced overall CV risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Vincenza Giglio
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelo Maria Patti
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Dragana Nikolic
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Khalid Al-Rasadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics), Royal Free campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), Pond Street, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ekaterina Ivanova
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Group of Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research (Skolkovo), Moscow, Russia
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Banach M, Stulc T, Dent R, Toth PP. Statin non-adherence and residual cardiovascular risk: There is need for substantial improvement. Int J Cardiol 2016; 225:184-196. [PMID: 27728862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although statin therapy has proven to be the cornerstone for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD), there are many patients for whom long-term therapy remains suboptimal. The aims of this article are to review the current complex issues associated with statin use and to explore when novel treatment approaches should be considered. Statin discontinuation as well as adherence to statin therapy remain two of the greatest challenges for lipidologists. Evidence suggests that between 40 and 75% of patients discontinue their statin therapy within one year after initiation. Furthermore, whilst the reasons for persistence with statin therapy are complex, evidence shows that low-adherence to statins negatively impacts clinical outcomes and residual CV risk remains a major concern. Non-adherence or lack of persistence with long-term statin therapy in real-life may be the main cause of inadequate low density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering with statins. There is a large need for the improvement of the use of statins, which have good safety profiles and are inexpensive. On the other hand, in a non-cost-constrained environment, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors should arguably be used more often in those patients in whom treatment with statins remains unsatisfactory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; Healthy Aging Research Centre, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Tomas Stulc
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, 1st University of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Peter P Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL, USA; Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Serban MC, Sahebkar A, Dragan S, Stoichescu-Hogea G, Ursoniu S, Andrica F, Banach M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of Spirulina supplementation on plasma lipid concentrations. Clin Nutr 2016; 35:842-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
50
|
Pirro M, Mannarino MR, Bianconi V, Simental-Mendía LE, Bagaglia F, Mannarino E, Sahebkar A. The effects of a nutraceutical combination on plasma lipids and glucose: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pharmacol Res 2016; 110:76-88. [PMID: 27157250 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia are associated with an increased risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease. Positive effects of a nutraceutical combination comprising red yeast rice, berberine, policosanol, astaxanthin, coenzyme Q10 and folic acid (NComb) on plasma lipid and glucose levels have been reported in some but not all clinical trials. To address this inconsistency, we tried to estimate the size of lipid- and glucose-lowering effects of NComb through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. A systematic literature search in PubMed-Medline, SCOPUS and Google Scholar databases was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of NComb on plasma lipids and glucose levels. Inverse variance-weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for net changes in lipid and glucose levels using a random-effects model. Random-effects meta-regression was performed to assess the effect of putative confounders on plasma lipid and glucose levels. Fourteen trials (1670 subjects in the NComb arm and 1489 subjects in the control arm) met the eligibility criteria for lipid analysis and 10 trials (1014 subjects in the NComb arm and 962 subjects in the control arm) for glucose analysis. Overall, WMDs were significant for the impact of NComb supplementation on plasma levels of total cholesterol (-26.15mg/dL, p<0.001), LDL-cholesterol (-23.85mg/dL, p<0.001), HDL-cholesterol (2.53mg/dL, p<0.001), triglycerides (-13.83mg/dL, p<0.001) and glucose (-2.59mg/dL, p=0.010). NComb-induced amelioration of lipid profile was not affected by duration of supplementation nor by baseline lipid levels; conversely, a greater glucose-lowering effect of NComb was found with higher baseline glucose levels and longer durations of supplementation. In conclusion, the present results suggest that NComb supplementation is associated with improvement of lipid and glucose profile. Short-term beneficial effects of NComb supplementation appear to be maintained in the long term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Massimo Raffaele Mannarino
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vanessa Bianconi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Bagaglia
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elmo Mannarino
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran; Metabolic Research Centre, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|