1
|
de Souza IIA, da Silva Barenco T, Pavarino MEMF, Couto MT, de Resende GO, de Oliveira DF, Ponte CG, Nascimento JHM, Maciel L. A potent and selective activator of large-conductance Ca 2+-activated K + channels induces preservation of mitochondrial function after hypoxia and reoxygenation by handling of calcium and transmembrane potential. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14151. [PMID: 38676357 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Ischaemic heart disease remains a significant cause of mortality globally. A pharmacological agent that protects cardiac mitochondria against oxygen deprivation injuries is welcome in therapy against acute myocardial infarction. Here, we evaluate the effect of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BKCa) activator, Compound Z, in isolated mitochondria under hypoxia and reoxygenation. METHODS Mitochondria from mice hearts were obtained by differential centrifugation. The isolated mitochondria were incubated with a BKCa channel activator, Compound Z, and subjected to normoxia or hypoxia/reoxygenation. Mitochondrial function was evaluated by measurement of O2 consumption in the complexes I, II, and IV in the respiratory states 1, 2, 3, and by maximal uncoupled O2 uptake, ATP production, ROS production, transmembrane potential, and calcium retention capacity. RESULTS Incubation of isolated mitochondria with Compound Z under normoxia conditions reduced the mitochondrial functions and induced the production of a significant amount of ROS. However, under hypoxia/reoxygenation, the Compound Z prevented a profound reduction in mitochondrial functions, including reducing ROS production over the hypoxia/reoxygenation group. Furthermore, hypoxia/reoxygenation induced a large mitochondria depolarization, which Compound Z incubation prevented, but, even so, Compound Z created a small depolarization. The mitochondrial calcium uptake was prevented by the BKCa activator, extruding the mitochondrial calcium present before Compound Z incubation. CONCLUSION The Compound Z acts as a mitochondrial BKCa channel activator and can protect mitochondria function against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, by handling mitochondrial calcium and transmembrane potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itanna Isis Araujo de Souza
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Cardiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Thais da Silva Barenco
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Cardiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Marcos Tadeu Couto
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - José Hamilton Matheus Nascimento
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Cardiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Leonardo Maciel
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Boengler K, Eickelmann C, Kleinbongard P. Mitochondrial Kinase Signaling for Cardioprotection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4491. [PMID: 38674076 PMCID: PMC11049936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury is reduced by cardioprotective adaptations such as local or remote ischemic conditioning. The cardioprotective stimuli activate signaling cascades, which converge on mitochondria and maintain the function of the organelles, which is critical for cell survival. The signaling cascades include not only extracellular molecules that activate sarcolemmal receptor-dependent or -independent protein kinases that signal at the plasma membrane or in the cytosol, but also involve kinases, which are located to or within mitochondria, phosphorylate mitochondrial target proteins, and thereby modify, e.g., respiration, the generation of reactive oxygen species, calcium handling, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, or apoptosis. In the present review, we give a personal and opinionated overview of selected protein kinases, localized to/within myocardial mitochondria, and summarize the available data on their role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and protection from it. We highlight the regulation of mitochondrial function by these mitochondrial protein kinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Boengler
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Chantal Eickelmann
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, 45147 Essen, Germany; (C.E.); (P.K.)
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, 45147 Essen, Germany; (C.E.); (P.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kleinbongard P, Andreadou I. Is There a Mitochondrial Protection via Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Settings of Anticancer Therapy Cardiotoxicity? Curr Heart Fail Rep 2024:10.1007/s11897-024-00658-w. [PMID: 38512567 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-024-00658-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an overview of (a) protective effects on mitochondria induced by remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) and (b) mitochondrial damage caused by anticancer therapy. We then discuss the available results of studies on mitochondrial protection via RIC in anticancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicity. RECENT FINDINGS In three experimental studies in healthy mice and pigs, there was a RIC-mediated protection against anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity and there was some evidence of improved mitochondrial function with RIC. The RIC-mediated protection was not confirmed in the two available studies in cancer patients. In adult cancer patients, RIC was associated with an adverse outcome. There are no data on mitochondrial function in cancer patients. Studies in tumor-bearing animals are needed to determine whether RIC does not interfere with the anticancer properties of the drugs and whether RIC actually improves mitochondrial function, ultimately resulting in improved cardiac function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany.
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bin EP, Zaobornyj T, Garces M, D'Annunzio V, Buchholz B, Marchini T, Evelson P, Gelpi RJ, Donato M. Remote ischemic preconditioning prevents sarcolemmal-associated proteolysis by MMP-2 inhibition. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04849-2. [PMID: 37728809 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04849-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The death of myocytes occurs through different pathways, but the rupture of the plasma membrane is the key point in the transition from reversible to irreversible injury. In the myocytes, three major groups of structural proteins that link the extracellular and intracellular milieus and confer structural stability to the cell membrane: the dystrophin-associated protein complex, the vinculin-integrin link, and the spectrin-based submembranous cytoskeleton. The objective was to determine if remote ischemic preconditioning (rIPC) preserves membrane-associated cytoskeletal proteins (dystrophin and β-dystroglycan) through the inhibition of metalloproteinase type 2 (MMP-2) activity. A second objective was to describe some of the intracellular signals of the rIPC, that modify mitochondrial function at the early reperfusion. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30 min of global ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion (I/R). rIPC was performed by 3 cycles of ischemia/reperfusion in the lower limb (rIPC). rIPC significantly decreased the infarct size, induced Akt/GSK-3 β phosphorylation and inhibition of the MPTP opening. rIPC improved mitochondrial function, increasing membrane potential, ATP production and respiratory control. I/R increased ONOO- production, which activates MMP-2. This enzyme degrades β-dystroglycan and dystrophin and collaborates to sarcolemmal disruption. rIPC attenuates the breakdown of β-dystroglycan and dystrophin through the inhibition of MMP-2 activity. Furthermore, we confirm that rIPC activates different intracellular pathway that involves the an Akt/Gsk3β and MPTP pore with preservation of mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliana P Bin
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, 950 J. E. Uriburu, 2nd floor, C1114AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tamara Zaobornyj
- Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Físico-Química, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Garces
- Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica D'Annunzio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, 950 J. E. Uriburu, 2nd floor, C1114AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bruno Buchholz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, 950 J. E. Uriburu, 2nd floor, C1114AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Timoteo Marchini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Evelson
- Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo J Gelpi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, 950 J. E. Uriburu, 2nd floor, C1114AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Donato
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, 950 J. E. Uriburu, 2nd floor, C1114AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rosa FLL, de Souza IIA, Monnerat G, Campos de Carvalho AC, Maciel L. Aging Triggers Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10591. [PMID: 37445770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct analysis of isolated mitochondria from old mice enables a better understanding of heart senescence dysfunction. Despite a well-defined senescent phenotype in cardiomyocytes, the mitochondrial state in aged cardiomyocytes is still unclear. Here, we report data about mitochondrial function in old mice. Isolated cardiomyocytes' mitochondria were obtained by differential centrifugation from old and young mice hearts to perform functional analyses of mitochondrial O2 consumption, transmembrane potential, ROS formation, ATP production, and swelling. Our results show that mitochondria from old mouse hearts have reduced oxygen consumption during the phosphorylative states of complexes I and II. Additionally, these mitochondria produced more ROS and less ATP than those of young hearts. Mitochondria from old hearts also showed a depolarized membrane potential than mitochondria from young hearts and, as expected, a greater electron leak. Our results indicate that mitochondria from senescent cardiomyocytes are less efficient in O2 consumption, generating more ROS and producing less ATP. Furthermore, the phosphorylative state of complexes I and II presents a functional defect, contributing to greater leakage of protons and ROS production that can be harmful to the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Luis Lima Rosa
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Itanna Isis Araujo de Souza
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Monnerat
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Campos de Carvalho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Maciel
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
- Campus Professor Geraldo Cidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias 25240-005, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Domingos AE, Seara FAC, Oliveira DF, Maciel L, Barbosa RAQ, Barcellos LC, Pinto VS, Fortunato RS, Nascimento JHM. Mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury are attenuated by nandrolone: Role of JAK-STAT3 pathway. Steroids 2023:109247. [PMID: 37149242 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of acute treatment with the anabolic steroid (AS) nandrolone decanoate in mitochondrial homeostasis and JAK-STAT3 signaling during the progression of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury (IR). METHODS Male Wistar rats (2 months old) were randomly allocated into four experimental groups: Control (CTRL), IR, AS, and AS+AG490. All animals were euthanized 3 days after a single intramuscular injection of nandrolone at 10 mg/kg (AS and AS+AG490 groups) or vehicle (CTRL and IR groups). Baseline mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 and 2, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) α and β were compared between CTRL and AS groups. Isolated hearts were submitted to ex vivo ischemia and reperfusion, except for hearts from the CTRL group. Before the IR protocol, the JAK-STAT3 inhibitor AG490 was perfused in hearts from the AS+AG490 group. Heart samples were collected during reperfusion to investigate the effects on mitochondrial function. Results Antioxidant enzyme mRNA expression was unaffected, whereas the AS group exhibited decreased β- MHC/α-MHC ratio versus the CTRL group. Compared to the IR group, the AS group exhibited better recovery of post-ischemic left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure and LV-developed pressure levels, while infarct size significantly decreased. Furthermore, mitochondrial production, transmembrane potential, and swelling were improved, whereas ROS formation was decreased versus the IR group. These effects were prevented by the perfusion of JAK-STAT3 inhibitor AG490. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that acute nandrolone treatment can provide cardioprotection by recruiting the JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway and mitochondrial preservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ainá E Domingos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando A C Seara
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Brazil
| | - Dahienne F Oliveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Maciel
- Campus Professor Geraldo Cidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Raiana A Q Barbosa
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciane C Barcellos
- Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Verônica S Pinto
- Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Fortunato
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jose H M Nascimento
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Exercise Improves Redox Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Function in White Adipose Tissue. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091689. [PMID: 36139762 PMCID: PMC9495527 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has beneficial effects on energy balance and also improves metabolic health independently of weight loss. Adipose tissue function is a critical denominator of a healthy metabolism but the adaptation of adipocytes in response to exercise is insufficiently well understood. We have previously shown that one aerobic exercise session was associated with increased expression of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes in white adipose tissue (WAT). In the present study, we evaluate the chronic effects of physical exercise on WAT redox homeostasis and mitochondrial function. Adult male Wistar rats were separated into two groups: a control group that did not exercise and a group that performed running exercise sessions on a treadmill for 30 min, 5 days per week for 9 weeks. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, antioxidant enzyme activities, mitochondrial function, markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, and proteins related to DNA damage response were analyzed. In WAT from the exercise group, we found higher mitochondrial respiration in states I, II, and III of Complex I and Complex II, followed by an increase in ATP production, and the ROS/ATP ratio when compared to tissues from control rats. Regarding redox homeostasis, NADPH oxidase activity, protein carbonylation, and lipid peroxidation levels were lower in WAT from the exercise group when compared to control tissues. Moreover, antioxidant enzymatic activity, reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio, and total nuclear factor erythroid-2, like-2 (NFE2L2/NRF2) protein levels were higher in the exercise group compared to control. Finally, we found that exercise reduced the phosphorylation levels of H2AX histone (γH2AX), a central protein that contributes to genome stability through the signaling of DNA damage. In conclusion, our results show that chronic exercise modulates redox homeostasis in WAT, improving antioxidant capacity, and mitochondrial function. This hormetic remodeling of adipocyte redox balance points to improved adipocyte health and seems to be directly associated with the beneficial effects of exercise.
Collapse
|
8
|
Mesquita FMD, de Oliveira DF, Caldeira DDAF, de Albuquerque JPC, Matta L, Faria CCD, Souza IIAD, Takiya CM, Fortunato RS, Nascimento JHM, de Oliveira Azevedo SMF, Zin WA, Maciel L. Subacute and sublethal ingestion of microcystin-LR impairs lung mitochondrial function by an oligomycin-like effect. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 93:103887. [PMID: 35598755 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a potent cyanotoxin that can reach several organs. However subacute exposure to sublethal doses of MC-LR has not yet well been studied. Herein, we evaluated the outcomes of subacute and sublethal MC-LR exposure on lungs. Male BALB/c mice were exposed to MC-LR by gavage (30 µg/kg) for 20 consecutive days, whereas CTRL mice received filtered water. Respiratory mechanics was not altered in MC-LR group, but histopathology disclosed increased collagen deposition, immunological cell infiltration, and higher percentage of collapsed alveoli. Mitochondrial function was extensively affected in MC-LR animals. Additionally, a direct in vitro titration of MC-LR revealed impaired mitochondrial function. In conclusion, MC-LR presented an intense deleterious effect on lung mitochondrial function and histology. Furthermore, MC-LR seems to exert an oligomycin-like effect in lung mitochondria. This study opens new perspectives for the understanding of the putative pulmonary initial mechanisms of damage resulting from oral MC-LR intoxication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Muniz de Mesquita
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Leonardo Matta
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caroline Coelho de Faria
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Itanna Isis Araujo de Souza
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christina Maeda Takiya
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Soares Fortunato
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Walter Araujo Zin
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Maciel
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Campus Professor Geraldo Cidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The Role of Plasma Extracellular Vesicles in Remote Ischemic Conditioning and Exercise-Induced Ischemic Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063334. [PMID: 35328755 PMCID: PMC8951333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic conditioning and exercise have been suggested for protecting against brain ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the endogenous protective mechanisms stimulated by these interventions remain unclear. Here, in a comprehensive translational study, we investigated the protective role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released after remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), blood flow restricted resistance exercise (BFRRE), or high-load resistance exercise (HLRE). Blood samples were collected from human participants before and at serial time points after intervention. RIC and BFRRE plasma EVs released early after stimulation improved viability of endothelial cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Furthermore, post-RIC EVs accumulated in the ischemic area of a stroke mouse model, and a mean decrease in infarct volume was observed for post-RIC EVs, although not reaching statistical significance. Thus, circulating EVs induced by RIC and BFRRE can mediate protection, but the in vivo and translational effects of conditioned EVs require further experimental verification.
Collapse
|
10
|
Caldeira DDAF, de Oliveira DF, Cavalcanti-de-Albuquerque JP, Nascimento JHM, Zin WA, Maciel L. Isolation of Mitochondria From Fresh Mice Lung Tissue. Front Physiol 2021; 12:748261. [PMID: 34916953 PMCID: PMC8670177 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.748261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct analysis of isolated mitochondria enables a better understanding of lung dysfunction. Despite well-defined mitochondrial isolation protocols applicable to other tissues, such as the brain, kidney, heart, and liver, a robust and reproductive protocol has not yet been advanced for the lung. We describe a protocol for the isolation of mitochondria from lung tissue aiming for functional analyses of mitochondrial O2 consumption, transmembrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, ATP production, and swelling. We compared our protocol to that used for heart mitochondrial function that is well-established in the literature, and achieved similar results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Walter Araujo Zin
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Maciel
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Professor Geraldo Cidade Campus, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mustonen C, Honkanen HP, Lehtonen S, Tuominen H, Mäkelä T, Kaakinen T, Kiviluoma K, Anttila V, Juvonen T. Moderate hypothermia with remote ischaemic preconditioning improves cerebral protection compared to deep hypothermia: a study using a surviving porcine model. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 58:269-276. [PMID: 32236538 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The optimal temperature management of hypothermic circulatory arrest is still controversial. Moderate hypothermia preserves cerebral autoregulation and shortens cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) duration. However, moderate hypothermia alone has inferior organ protection to deep hypothermia, so adjuncts that increase the ischaemic tolerance are needed. Thus, we hypothesized that a combination of remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) and moderate hypothermia would be superior to deep hypothermia alone. METHODS Sixteen pigs were randomized to either RIPC or control groups (8 + 8). The RIPC group underwent 4 cycles of transient hind limb ischaemia. The RIPC group underwent cooling with CPB to 24°C, and the control group underwent cooling with CPB to 18°C, followed by a 30-min arrest period and subsequent rewarming to 36°C. Measurements of cerebral metabolism were made from sagittal sinus blood samples and common carotid artery blood flow. The permissible periods of hypothermic circulatory arrest were calculated based on these measurements. Neurological recovery was evaluated daily during a 7-day follow-up, and the brain was harvested for histopathological analysis. RESULTS Six pigs in the RIPC group reached normal neurological function, but none in the control group reached normal neurological function (P = 0.007). The composite neurological score of all postoperative days was higher in the RIPC group than in the control group [55 (52-58) vs 45 (39-51), P = 0.026]. At 24°C, the estimated permissible periods of hypothermic circulatory arrest were 21 (17-25) min in the RIPC group and 11 (9-13) min in the control group (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS RIPC combined with moderate hypothermia provides superior cerebral protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caius Mustonen
- Research Unit of Surgery, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hannu-Pekka Honkanen
- Research Unit of Surgery, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center, Oulu, Finland
| | - Siri Lehtonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hannu Tuominen
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomas Mäkelä
- Research Unit of Surgery, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center, Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo Kaakinen
- Research Unit of Surgery, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kai Kiviluoma
- Research Unit of Surgery, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vesa Anttila
- Research Unit of Surgery, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center, Oulu, Finland.,Heart Center, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tatu Juvonen
- Research Unit of Surgery, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Carbon Monoxide-Saturated Polymerized Placenta Hemoglobin Optimizes Mitochondrial Function and Protects Heart Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:814-821. [PMID: 34001725 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury is detrimental to cardiovascular system. This study was designed to investigate whether carbon monoxide-saturated polymerized human placenta hemoglobin (CO-PolyPHb) attenuates cardiac I-R injury and to elucidate the underlying mechanism(s). Sixty male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: saline + sham group, PolyPHb + sham group, CO-PolyPHb + sham group, saline + I-R group, PolyPHb + I-R group, and CO-PolyPHb + I-R group. Rats were pretreated with injection of PolyPHb, CO-PolyPHb (0.5 g Hb/kg/d), or an equivalent volume of saline via caudal vein for 3 days. After pretreatment, hearts were isolated Langendorff perfused and subjected to 30-minute no-flow ischemia and 120-minute reperfusion. As compared with the saline + I-R group, pretreatment with CO-PolyPHb greatly improved the recovery of cardiac function, reduced infarct size, and suppressed the release of cardiac enzyme. Importantly, CO-PolyPHb showed more prominent cardioprotective effect than PolyPHb, exhibiting a promising therapeutic potential in cardiac I-R injury. Further study demonstrated that CO-PolyPHb activated molecular signaling toward mitophagy and significantly elevated the mitochondrial respiratory function in the heart. In addition, CO-PolyPHb upregulated the phosphorylation of the proteins in insulin signaling pathway and increased the glucose uptake rate in cardiomyocytes. Pharmacological inhibition of this pathway by wortmannin abrogated the anti-I-R effect of CO-PolyPHb. In conclusion, using an isolated rat heart model, we have demonstrated that pretreatment with CO-PolyPHb provided protective effect against cardiac I-R injury, and this protection was mediated by the improvement of mitochondrial function and activation of insulin signaling pathway in the heart.
Collapse
|
13
|
Lieder HR, Braczko F, Gedik N, Stroetges M, Heusch G, Kleinbongard P. Cardioprotection by post-conditioning with exogenous triiodothyronine in isolated perfused rat hearts and isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:27. [PMID: 33876304 PMCID: PMC8055637 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00868-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic post-conditioning (iPoCo) by coronary re-occlusion/reperfusion during immediate reperfusion after prolonged myocardial ischemia reduces infarct size. Mechanical manipulation of culprit lesions, however, carries the risk of coronary microembolization which may obscure iPoCo's cardioprotection. Pharmacological post-conditioning with exogenous triiodothyronine (T3) could serve as an alternative conditioning strategy. Similar to iPoCo, T3 may activate cardioprotective prosurvival pathways. We aimed to study T3's impact on infarct size and its underlying signal transduction. Hearts were isolated from male Lewis rats (200-380 g), buffer-perfused and subjected to 30 min/120 min global zero-flow ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). In additional hearts, either iPoCo (2 × 30 s/30 s I/R) was performed or T3 (100-500 µg/L) infused at reperfusion. Infarct size was demarcated with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining and calculated as percent of ventricular mass. Infarct size was reduced with iPoCo to 16 ± 7% vs. 36 ± 4% with I/R only. The maximum infarct size reduction was observed with 300 µg/L T3 (14 ± 2%). T3 increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B and mitogen extracellular-regulated-kinase 1/2, both key enzymes of the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway. Pharmacological RISK blockade (RISK-BL) during reperfusion abrogated T3's cardioprotection (35 ± 10%). Adult ventricular cardiomyocytes were isolated from buffer-perfused rat hearts and exposed to 30 min/5 min hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R); reoxygenation was initiated without or with T3, respectively, and without or with RISK-BL, respectively. Maximal preservation of viability was observed with 500 µg/L T3 after H/R (27 ± 4% of all cells vs. 5 ± 3% in time-matched controls). Again, RISK-BL abrogated protection (11 ± 3%). Mitochondria were isolated at early reperfusion from buffer-perfused rat hearts without or with iPoCo or 300 µg/L T3, respectively, at reperfusion. T3 improved mitochondrial function (i.e.: increased respiration, adenosine triphosphate production, calcium retention capacity, and decreased reactive oxygen species formation) to a similar extent as iPoCo. T3 at reperfusion reduces infarct size by activation of the RISK pathway. T3's protection is a cardiomyocyte phenomenon and targets mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Raphael Lieder
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Felix Braczko
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Nilgün Gedik
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Merlin Stroetges
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Incognito AV, Millar PJ, Pyle WG. Remote ischemic conditioning for acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 320:L331-L338. [PMID: 33404365 PMCID: PMC7938644 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00223.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome and subsequent respiratory failure remains the leading cause of death (>80%) in patients severely impacted by COVID-19. The lack of clinically effective therapies for COVID-19 calls for the consideration of novel adjunct therapeutic approaches. Though novel antiviral treatments and vaccination hold promise in control and prevention of early disease, it is noteworthy that in severe cases of COVID-19, addressing "run-away" inflammatory cascades are likely more relevant for improvement of clinical outcomes. Viral loads may decrease in severe, end-stage coronavirus cases, but a systemically damaging cytokine storm persists and mediates multiple organ injury. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) of the limbs has shown potential in recent years to protect the lungs and other organs against pathological conditions similar to that observed in COVID-19. We review the efficacy of RIC in protecting the lungs against acute injury and current points of consideration. The beneficial effects of RIC on lung injury along with other related cardiovascular complications are discussed, as are the limitations presented by sex and aging. This adjunct therapy is highly feasible, noninvasive, and proven to be safe in clinical conditions. If proven effective in clinical trials for acute respiratory distress syndrome and COVID-19, application in the clinical setting could be immediately implemented to improve outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony V Incognito
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Philip J Millar
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - W Glen Pyle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,IMPART Team Canada Investigator Network, Dalhousie Medicine, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Maciel L, de Oliveira DF, Mesquita F, Souza HADS, Oliveira L, Christie MLA, Palhano FL, Campos de Carvalho AC, Nascimento JHM, Foguel D. New Cardiomyokine Reduces Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by PI3K-AKT Pathway Via a Putative KDEL-Receptor Binding. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019685. [PMID: 33372525 PMCID: PMC7955482 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background CDNF (cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor) belongs to a new family of neurotrophic factors that exert systemic beneficial effects beyond the brain. Little is known about the role of CDNF in the cardiac context. Herein we investigated the effects of CDNF under endoplasmic reticulum-stress conditions using cardiomyocytes (humans and mice) and isolated rat hearts, as well as in rats subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Methods and Results We showed that CDNF is secreted by cardiomyocytes stressed by thapsigargin and by isolated hearts subjected to I/R. Recombinant CDNF (exoCDNF) protected human and mouse cardiomyocytes against endoplasmic reticulum stress and restored the calcium transient. In isolated hearts subjected to I/R, exoCDNF avoided mitochondrial impairment and reduced the infarct area to 19% when administered before ischemia and to 25% when administered at the beginning of reperfusion, compared with an infarct area of 42% in the untreated I/R group. This protection was completely abrogated by AKT (protein kinase B) inhibitor. Heptapeptides containing the KDEL sequence, which binds to the KDEL-R (KDEL receptor), abolished exoCDNF beneficial effects, suggesting the participation of KDEL-R in this cardioprotection. CDNF administered intraperitoneally to rats decreased the infarct area in an in vivo model of I/R (from an infarct area of ≈44% in the I/R group to an infarct area of ≈27%). Moreover, a shorter version of CDNF, which lacks the last 4 residues (CDNF-ΔKTEL) and thus allows CDNF binding to KDEL-R, presented no cardioprotective activity in isolated hearts. Conclusions This is the first study to propose CDNF as a new cardiomyokine that induces cardioprotection via KDEL receptor binding and PI3K/AKT activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Maciel
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas FilhoFederal University of Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | | | - Fernanda Mesquita
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas FilhoFederal University of Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | | | - Leandro Oliveira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de MeisRio de Janeiro Federal, University of Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | | | - Fernando L. Palhano
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de MeisRio de Janeiro Federal, University of Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | | | | | - Debora Foguel
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de MeisRio de Janeiro Federal, University of Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pečan P, Hambalkó S, Ha VT, Nagy CT, Pelyhe C, Lainšček D, Kenyeres B, Brenner GB, Görbe A, Kittel Á, Barteková M, Ferdinandy P, Manček-Keber M, Giricz Z. Calcium Ionophore-Induced Extracellular Vesicles Mediate Cytoprotection against Simulated Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Cardiomyocyte-Derived Cell Lines by Inducing Heme Oxygenase 1. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207687. [PMID: 33081396 PMCID: PMC7589052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury is still an unmet clinical need. The transient activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) has been implicated in cardioprotection, which may be achieved by treatment with blood-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, since the isolation of EVs from blood takes considerable effort, the aim of our study was to establish a cellular model from which cardioprotective EVs can be isolated in a well-reproducible manner. EV release was induced in HEK293 cells with calcium ionophore A23187. EVs were characterized and cytoprotection was assessed in H9c2 and AC16 cell lines. Cardioprotection afforded by EVs and its mechanism were investigated after 16 h simulated ischemia and 2 h reperfusion. The induction of HEK293 cells by calcium ionophore resulted in the release of heterogenous populations of EVs. In H9c2 and AC16 cells, stressEVs induced the downstream signaling of TLR4 and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression in H9c2 cells. StressEVs decreased necrosis due to simulated ischemia/reperfusion injury in H9c2 and AC16 cells, which was independent of TLR4 induction, but not that of HO-1. Calcium ionophore-induced EVs exert cytoprotection by inducing HO-1 in a TLR4-independent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Pečan
- National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (P.P.); (V.T.H.); (D.L.)
- Graduate School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Szabolcs Hambalkó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (S.H.); (C.T.N.); (C.P.); (B.K.); (G.B.B.); (A.G.); (P.F.)
| | - Van Thai Ha
- National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (P.P.); (V.T.H.); (D.L.)
- Graduate School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Csilla T. Nagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (S.H.); (C.T.N.); (C.P.); (B.K.); (G.B.B.); (A.G.); (P.F.)
| | - Csilla Pelyhe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (S.H.); (C.T.N.); (C.P.); (B.K.); (G.B.B.); (A.G.); (P.F.)
| | - Duško Lainšček
- National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (P.P.); (V.T.H.); (D.L.)
- Centre of Excelence EN-FIST, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bence Kenyeres
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (S.H.); (C.T.N.); (C.P.); (B.K.); (G.B.B.); (A.G.); (P.F.)
| | - Gábor B. Brenner
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (S.H.); (C.T.N.); (C.P.); (B.K.); (G.B.B.); (A.G.); (P.F.)
| | - Anikó Görbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (S.H.); (C.T.N.); (C.P.); (B.K.); (G.B.B.); (A.G.); (P.F.)
- Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kittel
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, ELRN, 1083 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Monika Barteková
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 81372 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (S.H.); (C.T.N.); (C.P.); (B.K.); (G.B.B.); (A.G.); (P.F.)
- Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mateja Manček-Keber
- National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (P.P.); (V.T.H.); (D.L.)
- Centre of Excelence EN-FIST, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: (M.M.-K.); (Z.G.); Tel.: +386-1-476-0393 (M.M.-K.); +36-1-210-4416 (Z.G.)
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (S.H.); (C.T.N.); (C.P.); (B.K.); (G.B.B.); (A.G.); (P.F.)
- Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: (M.M.-K.); (Z.G.); Tel.: +386-1-476-0393 (M.M.-K.); +36-1-210-4416 (Z.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kasepalu T, Kuusik K, Lepner U, Starkopf J, Zilmer M, Eha J, Vähi M, Kals J. Remote ischaemic preconditioning influences the levels of acylcarnitines in vascular surgery: a randomised clinical trial. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:76. [PMID: 32968425 PMCID: PMC7501679 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular surgery patients have reduced tissues` blood supply, which may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and accumulation of acylcarnitines (ACs).
It has been suggested that remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) has its organ protective effect via promoting mitochondrial function.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of RIPC on the profile of ACs in the vascular surgery patients. Methods This is a randomised, sham-controlled, double-blinded, single-centre study. Patients undergoing open surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm, surgical lower limb revascularisation surgery or carotid endarterectomy were recruited non-consecutively. The RIPC protocol consisting of 4 cycles of 5 min of ischaemia, followed by 5 min of reperfusion, was applied. A blood pressure cuff was used for RIPC or a sham procedure. Blood was collected preoperatively and approximately 24 h postoperatively. The profile of ACs was analysed using the AbsoluteIDQp180 kit (Biocrates Life Sciences AG, Innsbruck, Austria). Results Ninety-eight patients were recruited and randomised into the study groups and 45 patients from the RIPC group and 47 patients from the sham group were included in final analysis. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the changes in C3-OH (p = 0.023)—there was a decrease (− 0.007 µmol/L, ± 0.020 µmol/L, p = 0.0233) in the RIPC group and increase (0.002 µmol/L, ± 0.015 µmol/L, p = 0.481) in the sham group. Additionally, a decrease from baseline to 24 h after surgery (p < 0.05) was detected both in the sham and the RIPC group in the levels of following ACs: C2, C8, C10, C10:1, C12, C12:1, C14:1, C14:2, C16, C16:1, C18, C18:1, C18:2. In the sham group, there was an increase (p < 0.05) in the levels of C0 (carnitine) and a decrease in the level of C18:1-OH. In the RIPC group, a decrease (p < 0.05) was noted in the levels of C3-OH, C3-DC (C4-OH), C6:1, C9, C10:2. Conclusions It can be concluded that RIPC may have an effect on the levels of ACs and might therefore have protective effects on mitochondria in the vascular surgery patients. Further larger studies conducted on homogenous populations are needed to make more definite conclusions about the effect of RIPC on the metabolism of ACs. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov database, NCT02689414. Registered 24 February 2016—Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02689414. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12986-020-00495-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teele Kasepalu
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Puusepa 8, 50406 Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Karl Kuusik
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Urmas Lepner
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Puusepa 8, 50406 Tartu, Estonia.,Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Joel Starkopf
- Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mihkel Zilmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaan Eha
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mare Vähi
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaak Kals
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Puusepa 8, 50406 Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jespersen NR, Hjortbak MV, Lassen TR, Støttrup NB, Johnsen J, Tonnesen PT, Larsen S, Kimose HH, Bøtker HE. Cardioprotective effect of succinate dehydrogenase inhibition in rat hearts and human myocardium with and without diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10344. [PMID: 32587298 PMCID: PMC7316713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury may be attenuated through succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibition by dimethyl malonate (DiMAL). Whether SDH inhibition yields protection in diabetic individuals and translates into human cardiac tissue remain unknown. In isolated perfused hearts from 24 weeks old male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) and age matched non-diabetic control rats and atrial trabeculae from patients with and without diabetes, we compared infarct size, contractile force recovery and mitochondrial function. The cardioprotective effect of a 10 minutes DiMAL administration prior to global ischemia and ischemic preconditioning (IPC) was evaluated. In non-diabetic hearts exposed to IR, DiMAL 0.1 mM reduced infarct size compared to IR (55 ± 7% vs. 69 ± 6%, p < 0.05). Mitochondrial respiration was reduced by DiMAL 0.6 mM compared to sham and DiMAL 0.1 mM (p < 0.05). In diabetic hearts an increased concentration of DiMAL (0.6 mM) was required for protection compared to IR (64 ± 13% vs. 79 ± 8%, p < 0.05). Mitochondrial function remained unchanged. In trabeculae from humans without diabetes, IPC and DiMAL improved contractile force recovery compared to IR (43 ± 12% and 43 ± 13% vs. 23 ± 13%, p < 0.05) but in patients with diabetes only IPC provided protection compared to IR (51 ± 15% vs. 21 ± 8%, p < 0.05). Neither IPC nor DiMAL modulated mitochondrial respiration in patients. Cardioprotection by SDH inhibition is possible in human tissue, but depends on diabetes status. The narrow therapeutic range and discrepancy in respiration between experimental and human studies may limit clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jacob Johnsen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Hans-Henrik Kimose
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
RIPC provides neuroprotection against ischemic stroke by suppressing apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5361. [PMID: 32210331 PMCID: PMC7093414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62336-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a common disease with high morbidity and mortality. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) can stimulate endogenous protection mechanisms by inducing ischemic tolerance to reduce subsequent damage caused by severe or fatal ischemia to non-ischemic organs. This study was designed to assess the therapeutic properties of RIPC in ischemic stroke and to elucidate their underlying mechanisms. Neurobehavioral function was evaluated with the modified neurological severity score (mNSS) test and gait analysis. PET/CT was used to detect the ischemic volume and level of glucose metabolism. The protein levels of cytochrome c oxidase-IV (COX-IV) and heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) were tested by Western blotting. TUNEL and immunofluorescence staining were used to analyze apoptosis and to observe the nuclear translocation and colocalization of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease G (EndoG) in apoptotic cells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to detect mitochondrial-derived vesicle (MDV) production and to assess mitochondrial ultrastructure. The experimental results showed that RIPC exerted significant neuroprotective effects, as indicated by improvements in neurological dysfunction, reductions in ischemic volume, increases in glucose metabolism, inhibition of apoptosis, decreased nuclear translocation of AIF and EndoG from mitochondria and improved MDV formation. In conclusion, RIPC alleviates ischemia/reperfusion injury after ischemic stroke by inhibiting apoptosis via the endogenous mitochondrial pathway.
Collapse
|
20
|
Effect of Repeated Remote Ischemic Preconditioning on Peripheral Arterial Disease in Patients Suffering from Intermittent Claudication. Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 2019:9592378. [PMID: 31897086 PMCID: PMC6925938 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9592378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Intermittent claudication (IC) is the symptom of peripheral artery disease (PAD) and causes functional disability. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC), is a phenomenon in which a short period of sub-critical ischemia, protects tissues against ischemia/reperfusion/injury. We considered to test the hypothesis that RIPC in PAD patients suffering from IC would increase muscle resistance to ischemia and thus improve walking-capacity. Materials/Methods A total of 63 patients with proven-IC underwent two treadmill tests (graded treadmill protocol) with a 28-day interval in between. Patients were consecutively assigned for the non/RIPC-group and RIPC-group procedure one by one. Patients received 5-cycles of alternating 5-minute inflation and 5-minute deflation of blood-pressure cuffs on nondominant upper-limb every day for four weeks. Initial claudication distance (ICD), total walking distance (TWD) and time to relief of claudication (TRC) were recorded during procedure. Results Patients receiving-RIPC exhibited a marked increase in ICD and TWD between basal and last tests: 209.1 ± 15.4 m vs. 226 ± 15.0 m and 368.8 ± 21.0 m vs. 394 ± 19.9 m, respectively (p < 0.001). In addition, patients receiving-RIPC represented a significant decrease in TRC between basal and last tests: 7.8 ± 1.3 min vs. 6.4 ± 1.1 min, respectively (p < 0.001). Patients not receiving-RIPC did not exhibit improvement in ICD, TWD, and TRC between basal and last tests: 205.2 ± 12.1 min vs. 207.4 ± 9.9 min, 366.5 ± 24.2 min vs. 369.4 ± 23.2 min and 7.9 ± 1.4 min vs. 7.7 ± 1.3 min, respectively (p > 0.05). Conclusion A significant increase in ICD and TWD were observed in last/treadmill test in RIPC-group. In addition, a significant decrease in TRC was observed in last/treadmill test in RIPC-group. In non/RIPC-group, no improvement was observed in ICD, TWD and TRC.
Collapse
|
21
|
Maciel L, de Oliveira DF, Monnerat G, Campos de Carvalho AC, Nascimento JHM. Exogenous 10 kDa-Heat Shock Protein Preserves Mitochondrial Function After Hypoxia/Reoxygenation. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:545. [PMID: 32431608 PMCID: PMC7214810 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Humoral factors released during ischemic preconditioning (IPC) protect the myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We have recently identified 10 kDa-heat shock protein (HSP10) and a fraction of small 5-10 kDa peptides (5-10-sP) in the coronary effluent of IPC-treated hearts and demonstrated their cardioprotective potential. We here used our isolated mitochondria model to characterize the impact of exogenous HSP10 and 5-10-sP on mitochondria function from myocardium subjected to I/R injury. Isolated perfused rat hearts were submitted to 30-min global ischemia and 10-min reperfusion. Before ischemia, isolated hearts were infused with saline or 5-10-sP, with or without a mitochondrial ATP-sensitive-K+-channel blocker (5HD 10 μmol·L-1) or PKC inhibitor (chelerythrine 10 μmol·L-1), before I/R. HSP10 (1 µmol·L-1) was infused into isolated hearts before I/R without blockers. At 10-min reperfusion, the mitochondria were isolated and mitochondrial function was assessed. In a subset of experiments, freshly isolated mitochondria were directly incubated with HSP10 or 5-10-sP with or without 5HD or chelerythrine before in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation. Infusion of 5-10-sP (n = 5) and HSP10 (n = 5) into isolated hearts before I/R improved mitochondrial ADP-stimulated respiration, ATP production and prevented mitochondrial ROS formation compared to the I/R group (n = 5); this effect was abrogated by 5HD and chelerythrine. In freshly isolated mitochondria with in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation, HSP10 (n = 16) and 5-10-sP (n = 16) incubation prevented reductions of mitochondrial ADP-stimulated respiration (91.5 ± 5.1 nmol O2/min/mg PTN), ATP production (250.1 ± 9.3 μmol ATP/200μg PTN), and prevented mitochondrial ROS production (219.7 ± 9.0 nmol H2O2/200μg PTN) induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (n = 12, 51.5 ± 5.0 nmol O2/min/mg PTN; 187 ± 21.7 μmol ATP/200 μg PTN; 339.0 ± 14.3 nmol H2O2/200 μg PTN, p < 0.001, respectively). 5HD reduced the ADP-stimulated respiration in the HSP10 group (65.84 ± 3.3 nmol O2/min/mg PTN), ATP production (193.7 ± 12.1 μmol ATP/200μg PTN) and increased ROS in the 5-10-sP group (274.4 ± 21.7 nmol H2O2/200 μg PTN). Mitochondria are a target of the cardioprotection induced by 5-10-sP and HSP10. This protection is dependent of PKC and mKATP activation. HSP10 can act directly on mitochondria and protects against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury by mKATP activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Maciel
- Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology Antônio Paes de Carvalho, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Leonardo Maciel,
| | - Dahienne Ferreira de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology Antônio Paes de Carvalho, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Monnerat
- Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology Antônio Paes de Carvalho, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Campos de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology Antônio Paes de Carvalho, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jose Hamilton Matheus Nascimento
- Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology Antônio Paes de Carvalho, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wu L, Tan JL, Chen ZY, Huang G. Cardioprotection of post-ischemic moderate ROS against ischemia/reperfusion via STAT3-induced the inhibition of MCU opening. Basic Res Cardiol 2019; 114:39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-019-0747-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
23
|
Tsibulnikov SY, Maslov LN, Gorbunov AS, Voronkov NS, Boshchenko AA, Popov SV, Prokudina ES, Singh N, Downey JM. A Review of Humoral Factors in Remote Preconditioning of the Heart. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2019; 24:403-421. [PMID: 31035796 DOI: 10.1177/1074248419841632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A humoral mechanism of cardioprotection by remote ischemic preconditioning (RIP) has been clearly demonstrated in various models of ischemia-reperfusion including upper and lower extremities, liver, and the mesenteric and renal arteries. A wide range of humoral factors for RIP have been proposed including hydrophobic peptides, opioid peptides, adenosine, prostanoids, endovanilloids, endocannabinoids, calcitonin gene-related peptide, leukotrienes, noradrenaline, adrenomedullin, erythropoietin, apolipoprotein, A-I glucagon-like peptide-1, interleukin 10, stromal cell-derived factor 1, and microRNAs. Virtually, all of the components of ischemic preconditioning's signaling pathway such as nitric oxide synthase, protein kinase C, redox signaling, PI3-kinase/Akt, glycogen synthase kinase β, ERK1/2, mitoKATP channels, Connexin 43, and STAT were all found to play a role. The signaling pattern also depends on which remote vascular bed was subjected to ischemia and on the time between applying the rip and myocardial ischemia occurs. Because there is convincing evidence for many seemingly diverse humoral components in RIP, the most likely explanation is that the overall mechanism is complex like that seen in ischemic preconditioning where multiple components are both in series and in parallel and interact with each other. Inhibition of any single component in the right circumstance may block the resulting protective effect, and selectively activating that component may trigger the protection. Identifying the humoral factors responsible for RIP might be useful in developing drugs that confer RIP's protection in a more comfortable and reliable manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Y Tsibulnikov
- 1 Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Leonid N Maslov
- 1 Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexander S Gorbunov
- 1 Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nikita S Voronkov
- 1 Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alla A Boshchenko
- 1 Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergey V Popov
- 1 Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina S Prokudina
- 1 Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nirmal Singh
- 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - James M Downey
- 3 Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Paez DT, Garces M, Calabró V, Bin EP, D'Annunzio V, Del Mauro J, Marchini T, Höcht C, Evelson P, Gelpi RJ, Donato M. Adenosine A 1 receptors and mitochondria: targets of remote ischemic preconditioning. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H743-H750. [PMID: 30681368 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00071.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is involved in classic preconditioning in most species and acts especially through adenosine A1 and A3 receptors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether remote ischemic preconditioning (rIPC) activates adenosine A1 receptors and improves mitochondrial function, thereby reducing myocardial infarct size. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30 min of global ischemia and 60 min of reperfusion [ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)]. In a second group, before isolation of the heart, a rIPC protocol (3 cycles of hindlimb I/R) was performed. Infarct size was measured with tetrazolium staining, and Akt/endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) expression/phosphorylation and mitochondrial function were evaluated after ischemia at 10 and 60 min of reperfusion. As expected, rIPC significantly decreased infarct size. This beneficial effect was abolished only when 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (adenosine A1 receptor blocker) and NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (NO synthesis inhibitor) were administered during the reperfusion phase. At the early reperfusion phase, rIPC induced significant Akt and eNOS phosphorylation, which was abolished by the perfusion with an adenosine A1 receptor blocker. I/R led to impaired mitochondrial function, which was attenuated by rIPC and mediated by adenosine A1 receptors. In conclusion, we demonstrated that rIPC limits myocardial infarct by activation of adenosine A1 receptors at early reperfusion in the isolated rat heart. Interestingly, rIPC appears to reduce myocardial infarct size by the Akt/eNOS pathway and improves mitochondrial function during myocardial reperfusion. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Adenosine is involved in classic preconditioning and acts especially through adenosine A1 and A3 receptors. However, its role in the mechanism of remote ischemic preconditioning is controversial. In this study, we demonstrated that remote ischemic preconditioning activates adenosine A1 receptors during early reperfusion, inducing Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation and improving mitochondrial function, thereby reducing myocardial infarct size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diamela T Paez
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Institute of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina.,National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Mariana Garces
- CONICET, IBIMOL, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physic Chemistry, General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Valeria Calabró
- CONICET, IBIMOL, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physic Chemistry, General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Eliana P Bin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Institute of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina.,National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Verónica D'Annunzio
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Institute of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina.,National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Julieta Del Mauro
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Timoteo Marchini
- CONICET, IBIMOL, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physic Chemistry, General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Christian Höcht
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Pablo Evelson
- CONICET, IBIMOL, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physic Chemistry, General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Ricardo J Gelpi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Institute of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina.,National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Martín Donato
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Institute of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina.,National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sprick JD, Mallet RT, Przyklenk K, Rickards CA. Ischaemic and hypoxic conditioning: potential for protection of vital organs. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:278-294. [PMID: 30597638 DOI: 10.1113/ep087122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? Remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) and hypoxic preconditioning as novel therapeutic approaches for cardiac and neuroprotection. What advances does it highlight? There is improved understanding of mechanisms and signalling pathways associated with ischaemic and hypoxic preconditioning, and potential pitfalls with application of these therapies to clinical trials have been identified. Novel adaptations of preconditioning paradigms have also been developed, including intermittent hypoxia training, RIPC training and RIPC-exercise, extending their utility to chronic settings. ABSTRACT Myocardial infarction and stroke remain leading causes of death worldwide, despite extensive resources directed towards developing effective treatments. In this Symposium Report we highlight the potential applications of intermittent ischaemic and hypoxic conditioning protocols to combat the deleterious consequences of heart and brain ischaemia. Insights into mechanisms underlying the protective effects of intermittent hypoxia training are discussed, including the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and Nrf2 transcription factors, synthesis of antioxidant and ATP-generating enzymes, and a shift in microglia from pro- to anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Although there is little argument regarding the efficacy of remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) in pre-clinical models, this strategy has not consistently translated into the clinical arena. This lack of translation may be related to the patient populations targeted thus far, and the anaesthetic regimen used in two of the major RIPC clinical trials. Additionally, we do not fully understand the mechanism through which RIPC protects the vital organs, and co-morbidities (e.g. hypercholesterolemia, diabetes) may interfere with its efficacy. Finally, novel adaptations have been made to extend RIPC to more chronic settings. One adaptation is RIPC-exercise (RIPC-X), an innovative paradigm that applies cyclical RIPC to blood flow restriction exercise (BFRE). Recent findings suggest that this novel exercise modality attenuates the exaggerated haemodynamic responses that may limit the use of conventional BFRE in some clinical settings. Collectively, intermittent ischaemic and hypoxic conditioning paradigms remain an exciting frontier for the protection against ischaemic injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Sprick
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30307, USA.,Department of Physiology & Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Robert T Mallet
- Department of Physiology & Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Karin Przyklenk
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Caroline A Rickards
- Department of Physiology & Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Deng Y, Chen G, Zhou R, Wu W, You Z, Meng W, Yang L, Qiu Y, Liu J, Li T. Direct evidence that hypoxia triggers the cardioprotective response of ischemic preconditioning in a dog double-circuit cardiopulmonary bypass model. Life Sci 2018; 209:395-402. [PMID: 30130539 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS It has been widely accepted that ischemic preconditioning (IPC) exhibits a promising and reproducible cardioprotective effect against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the actual trigger that amplifies the molecular signaling and protects I/R heart is still unclear. MAIN METHODS To separate the factors involved in IPC, we established a dog double-circuit cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) model, which consists of a systemic circuit and a coronary circuit. Forty-two male adult beagle dogs were randomly allocated into 7 groups: sham, I/R, IPC, hypoxia preconditioning (HPC), accumulated metabolite preconditioning (MPC), oxygenated or deoxygenated erythrocytes preconditioning (OxyEPC and DeoxyEPC). After pretreatment, dogs were subjected to 2 h-cardiac arrest and 2 h-reperfusion. KEY FINDINGS There were no differences in the cardiac function and hemodynamic parameters at baseline among groups. Like IPC, the hypoxia-related pretreatments HPC and DeoxyEPC improved post-arrest left ventricular systolic/diastolic performance and reduced pulmonary vascular resistance. The cardiac oxygen (O2) utilization was also greatly elevated in these hypoxia-related pretreatment groups, as evidenced by increased cardiac O2 consumption (VO2) and O2 extraction index (O2EI) and suppressed lactate level. Besides, we did not observe improvement of these parameters in the MPC and OxyEPC groups. Further study indicated that these hypoxia-related pretreatments were associated with the attenuation of pro-inflammatory cytokines release and the elevation of complex I-supported mitochondrial respiration. SIGNIFICANCE With a dog double-circuit CPB model, we demonstrated that hypoxia is the actual trigger to initiate the cardioprotective effect of IPC in vivo, which was related to reduced cardiac inflammation and ameliorated complex-I supported mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Deng
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ronghua Zhou
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen You
- Department of Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Linhui Yang
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanhua Qiu
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Tao Li
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bøtker HE, Hausenloy D, Andreadou I, Antonucci S, Boengler K, Davidson SM, Deshwal S, Devaux Y, Di Lisa F, Di Sante M, Efentakis P, Femminò S, García-Dorado D, Giricz Z, Ibanez B, Iliodromitis E, Kaludercic N, Kleinbongard P, Neuhäuser M, Ovize M, Pagliaro P, Rahbek-Schmidt M, Ruiz-Meana M, Schlüter KD, Schulz R, Skyschally A, Wilder C, Yellon DM, Ferdinandy P, Heusch G. Practical guidelines for rigor and reproducibility in preclinical and clinical studies on cardioprotection. Basic Res Cardiol 2018; 113:39. [PMID: 30120595 PMCID: PMC6105267 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-018-0696-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle-Juul Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Derek Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
- The National Institute of Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedial Research Centre, Research and Development, London, UK
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Yon Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Salvatore Antonucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Kerstin Boengler
- Institute for Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Soni Deshwal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Moises Di Sante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Efentakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Saveria Femminò
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - David García-Dorado
- Experimental Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Borja Ibanez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Efstathios Iliodromitis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nina Kaludercic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Neuhäuser
- Department of Mathematics and Technology, Koblenz University of Applied Science, Remagen, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michel Ovize
- Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France
- UMR, 1060 (CarMeN), Université Claude Bernard, Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Michael Rahbek-Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle-Juul Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Experimental Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute for Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Skyschally
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Catherine Wilder
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kleinbongard P, Gedik N, Kirca M, Stoian L, Frey U, Zandi A, Thielmann M, Jakob H, Peters J, Kamler M, Heusch G. Mitochondrial and Contractile Function of Human Right Atrial Tissue in Response to Remote Ischemic Conditioning. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e009540. [PMID: 30371229 PMCID: PMC6201459 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Remote ischemic preconditioning ( RIPC ) by repeated brief cycles of limb ischemia/reperfusion attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. We aimed to identify a functional parameter reflecting the RIPC -induced protection in human. Therefore, we measured mitochondrial function in right atrial tissue and contractile function of isolated right atrial trabeculae before and during hypoxia/reoxygenation from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with RIPC or placebo, respectively. Methods and Results One hundred thirty-seven patients under isoflurane anesthesia underwent RIPC (3×5 minutes blood pressure cuff inflation on the left upper arm/5 minutes deflation, n=67) or placebo (cuff uninflated, n=70), and right atrial appendages were harvested before ischemic cardioplegic arrest. Myocardial protection by RIPC was assessed from serum troponin I/T concentrations over 72 hours after surgery. Atrial tissue was obtained for isolation of mitochondria ( RIPC /placebo: n=10/10). Trabeculae were dissected for contractile function measurements at baseline and after hypoxia/reoxygenation (60 min/30 min) and for western blot analysis after hypoxia/reoxygenation ( RIPC /placebo, n=57/60). Associated with cardioprotection by RIPC (26% decrease in the area under the curve of troponin I/T), mitochondrial adenosine diphosphate-stimulated complex I respiration (+10%), adenosine triphosphate production (+46%), and calcium retention capacity (+37%) were greater, whereas reactive oxygen species production (-24%) was less with RIPC than placebo. Contractile function was improved by RIPC (baseline, +7%; reoxygenation, +24%). Expression and phosphorylation of proteins, which have previously been associated with cardioprotection, were not different between RIPC and placebo. Conclusions Cardioprotection by RIPC goes along with improved mitochondrial and contractile function of human right atrial tissue. Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT 01406678.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kleinbongard
- Institut für PathophysiologieWestdeutsches Herz‐ und GefäßzentrumUniversitätsklinikum EssenGermany
| | - Nilguen Gedik
- Institut für PathophysiologieWestdeutsches Herz‐ und GefäßzentrumUniversitätsklinikum EssenGermany
| | - Mücella Kirca
- Institut für PathophysiologieWestdeutsches Herz‐ und GefäßzentrumUniversitätsklinikum EssenGermany
| | - Leanda Stoian
- Institut für PathophysiologieWestdeutsches Herz‐ und GefäßzentrumUniversitätsklinikum EssenGermany
| | - Ulrich Frey
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und IntensivmedizinUniversitätsklinikum EssenGermany
| | - Afsaneh Zandi
- Herzchirurgie Essen‐HuttropWestdeutsches Herz‐ und GefäßzentrumUniversitätsklinikum EssenGermany
| | - Matthias Thielmann
- Klinik für Thorax‐ und Kardiovaskuläre ChirurgieWestdeutsches Herz‐ und GefäßzentrumUniversitätsklinikum EssenGermany
| | - Heinz Jakob
- Klinik für Thorax‐ und Kardiovaskuläre ChirurgieWestdeutsches Herz‐ und GefäßzentrumUniversitätsklinikum EssenGermany
| | - Jürgen Peters
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und IntensivmedizinUniversitätsklinikum EssenGermany
| | - Markus Kamler
- Herzchirurgie Essen‐HuttropWestdeutsches Herz‐ und GefäßzentrumUniversitätsklinikum EssenGermany
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institut für PathophysiologieWestdeutsches Herz‐ und GefäßzentrumUniversitätsklinikum EssenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Several interventions, such as ischemic preconditioning, remote pre/perconditioning, or postconditioning, are known to decrease lethal myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. While several signal transduction pathways become activated by such maneuvers, they all have a common end point, namely, the mitochondria. These organelles represent an essential target of the cardioprotective strategies, and the preservation of mitochondrial function is central for the reduction of ischemia-reperfusion injury. In the present review, we address the role of mitochondria in the different conditioning strategies; in particular, we focus on alterations of mitochondrial function in terms of energy production, formation of reactive oxygen species, opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and mitochondrial dynamics induced by ischemia-reperfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Boengler
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig Universität , Giessen , Germany
| | - Günter Lochnit
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig Universität , Giessen , Germany
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig Universität , Giessen , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Protecting the heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury: an update on remote ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning. Curr Opin Cardiol 2018; 32:784-790. [PMID: 28902715 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The most effective strategy for reducing acute myocardial ischemic injury is timely and effective reperfusion. However, myocardial reperfusion can induce further cardiomyocyte death (reperfusion injury). Interventions that protect the heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury, reducing infarct size, can involve remote ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning. These interventions have a promising potential clinical application, and have been the focus of recent research. In this review, we provide an update of remote ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS Remote ischemic preconditioning cardioprotection can occur via a humoral pathway and/or a neural pathway. These two pathways have been described as mechanistically different, but it has been suggested that they could be interdependent. However, remote ischemic postconditioning mainly involves the humoral pathway. In this review, we will discuss the different pathways and mechanisms involved in remote ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning. SUMMARY Remote ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning is possible to perform in a clinical setting by intermittent ischemia of an upper or lower limb. Furthermore, clinical trials using this procedure in the context of predictable ischemia-reperfusion have produced promising results, and other studies to define the potential clinical use of these strategies are ongoing.
Collapse
|
31
|
Skyschally A, Kleinbongard P, Lieder H, Gedik N, Stoian L, Amanakis G, Elbers E, Heusch G. Humoral transfer and intramyocardial signal transduction of protection by remote ischemic perconditioning in pigs, rats, and mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H159-H172. [PMID: 29569956 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00152.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Remote ischemic perconditioning (RPER) during ongoing myocardial ischemia reduces infarct size. The signal transduction of RPER's cardioprotection is still largely unknown. Anesthetized pigs were therefore subjected to RPER by 4 × 5 min/5 min of hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion during 60 min of coronary occlusion before 3 h of reperfusion. Pigs without RPER served as placebo (PLA). The phosphorylation of Akt and ERK [reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway] and STAT3 [survivor activating factor enhancement (SAFE) pathway] in the area at risk was determined by Western blot analysis. Wortmannin/U0126 or AG490 was used for pharmacological RISK or SAFE blockade, respectively. Pig plasma/plasma dialysate sampled after RPER or PLA, respectively, was transferred to isolated rat and mouse hearts subjected to 30 min/120 min of global ischemia-reperfusion. Mitochondria were isolated from rat hearts at early reperfusion. Isolated mouse cardiomyocytes were subjected to 1 h of hypoxia/5 min of reoxygenation without and with prior plasma dialysate incubation. RPER reduced infarct size in pigs to 21 ± 15% versus 44 ± 9% in PLA (percentage of the area at risk, mean ± SD, P < 0.05) and increased STAT3 phosphorylation at early reperfusion. AG490 but not RISK blockade abolished the protection. RPER plasma/plasma dialysate reduced infarct size in rat (22 ± 3% of ventricular mass vs. 40 ± 11% with PLA plasma, P < 0.05) and mouse (29 ± 4% vs. 63 ± 8% with PLA plasma dialysate, P < 0.05) hearts and improved mitochondrial function (e.g., increased respiration, ATP formation, and calcium retention capacity and decreased reactive oxygen species formation). RPER dialysate also improved the viability of mouse cardiomyocytes after hypoxia/reoxygenation. RISK or SAFE blockade each abrogated these beneficial effects. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Remote ischemic perconditioning salvages the myocardium in patients with acute infarction. We identified a signal transduction with humoral transfer and STAT3 activation in pigs and an involvement of reperfusion injury salvage kinases and STAT3 in rat and mouse hearts, along with better cardiomyocyte viability and mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Skyschally
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School , Essen , Germany
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School , Essen , Germany
| | - Helmut Lieder
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School , Essen , Germany
| | - Nilgün Gedik
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School , Essen , Germany
| | - Leanda Stoian
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School , Essen , Germany
| | - Georgios Amanakis
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School , Essen , Germany
| | - Etienne Elbers
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School , Essen , Germany
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School , Essen , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ectopic expression of S28A-mutated Histone H3 modulates longevity, stress resistance and cardiac function in Drosophila. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2940. [PMID: 29440697 PMCID: PMC5811592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21372-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone H3 serine 28 (H3S28) phosphorylation and de-repression of polycomb repressive complex (PRC)-mediated gene regulation is linked to stress conditions in mitotic and post-mitotic cells. To better understand the role of H3S28 phosphorylation in vivo, we studied a Drosophila strain with ectopic expression of constitutively-activated H3S28A, which prevents PRC2 binding at H3S28, thus mimicking H3S28 phosphorylation. H3S28A mutants showed prolonged life span and improved resistance against starvation and paraquat-induced oxidative stress. Morphological and functional analysis of heart tubes revealed smaller luminal areas and thicker walls accompanied by moderately improved cardiac function after acute stress induction. Whole-exome deep gene-sequencing from isolated heart tubes revealed phenotype-corresponding changes in longevity-promoting and myotropic genes. We also found changes in genes controlling mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration. Analysis of mitochondrial respiration from whole flies revealed improved efficacy of ATP production with reduced electron transport-chain activity. Finally, we analyzed posttranslational modification of H3S28 in an experimental heart failure model and observed increased H3S28 phosphorylation levels in HF hearts. Our data establish a critical role of H3S28 phosphorylation in vivo for life span, stress resistance, cardiac and mitochondrial function in Drosophila. These findings may pave the way for H3S28 phosphorylation as a putative target to treat stress-related disorders such as heart failure.
Collapse
|
33
|
Lindsey ML, Bolli R, Canty JM, Du XJ, Frangogiannis NG, Frantz S, Gourdie RG, Holmes JW, Jones SP, Kloner RA, Lefer DJ, Liao R, Murphy E, Ping P, Przyklenk K, Recchia FA, Schwartz Longacre L, Ripplinger CM, Van Eyk JE, Heusch G. Guidelines for experimental models of myocardial ischemia and infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H812-H838. [PMID: 29351451 PMCID: PMC5966768 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00335.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is a prevalent major cardiovascular event that arises from myocardial ischemia with or without reperfusion, and basic and translational research is needed to better understand its underlying mechanisms and consequences for cardiac structure and function. Ischemia underlies a broad range of clinical scenarios ranging from angina to hibernation to permanent occlusion, and while reperfusion is mandatory for salvage from ischemic injury, reperfusion also inflicts injury on its own. In this consensus statement, we present recommendations for animal models of myocardial ischemia and infarction. With increasing awareness of the need for rigor and reproducibility in designing and performing scientific research to ensure validation of results, the goal of this review is to provide best practice information regarding myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and infarction models. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at ajpheart.podbean.com/e/guidelines-for-experimental-models-of-myocardial-ischemia-and-infarction/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.,Research Service, G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - John M Canty
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Physiology and Biophysics, The Veterans Affairs Western New York Health Care System and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Stefan Frantz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Robert G Gourdie
- Center for Heart and Regenerative Medicine Research, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute , Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Jeffrey W Holmes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia Health System , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Steven P Jones
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville , Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Robert A Kloner
- HMRI Cardiovascular Research Institute, Huntington Medical Research Institutes , Pasadena, California.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - David J Lefer
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Science Center , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ronglih Liao
- Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Genetics and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth Murphy
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peipei Ping
- National Institutes of Health BD2KBig Data to Knowledge (BD2K) Center of Excellence and Department of Physiology, Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Karin Przyklenk
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Departments of Physiology and Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan
| | - Fabio A Recchia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Fondazione G. Monasterio, Pisa , Italy.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lisa Schwartz Longacre
- Heart Failure and Arrhythmias Branch, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Crystal M Ripplinger
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California , Davis, California
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- The Smidt Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles, California
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School , Essen , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gedik N, Kottenberg E, Thielmann M, Frey UH, Jakob H, Peters J, Heusch G, Kleinbongard P. Potential humoral mediators of remote ischemic preconditioning in patients undergoing surgical coronary revascularization. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12660. [PMID: 28978919 PMCID: PMC5627278 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) by repeated brief cycles of limb ischemia/reperfusion may reduce myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and improve patients‘ prognosis after elective coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)5 activation in left ventricular myocardium is associated with RIPC´s cardioprotection. Cytokines and growth hormones typically activate STATs and could therefore act as humoral transfer factors of RIPC´s cardioprotection. We here determined arterial plasma concentrations of 25 different cytokines, growth hormones, and other factors which have previously been associated with cardioprotection, before (baseline)/after RIPC or placebo (n = 23/23), respectively, and before/after ischemic cardioplegic arrest in CABG patients. RIPC-induced protection was reflected by a 35% reduction of serum troponin I release. With the exception of interleukin-1α, none of the humoral factors changed in their concentrations after RIPC or placebo, respectively. Interleukin-1α, when normalized to baseline, increased after RIPC (280 ± 56%) but not with placebo (97 ± 15%). The interleukin-1α concentration remained increased until after ischemic cardioplegic arrest and was also higher than with placebo in absolute concentrations (25 ± 6 versus 16 ± 3 pg/mL). Only interleukin-1α possibly fulfills the criteria which would be expected from a substance to be released in response to RIPC and to protect the myocardium during ischemic cardioplegic arrest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilgün Gedik
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg- Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eva Kottenberg
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Thielmann
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg- Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich H Frey
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Heinz Jakob
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg- Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Peters
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg- Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg- Essen, Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gedik N, Krüger M, Thielmann M, Kottenberg E, Skyschally A, Frey UH, Cario E, Peters J, Jakob H, Heusch G, Kleinbongard P. Proteomics/phosphoproteomics of left ventricular biopsies from patients with surgical coronary revascularization and pigs with coronary occlusion/reperfusion: remote ischemic preconditioning. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7629. [PMID: 28794502 PMCID: PMC5550488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07883-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) by repeated brief cycles of limb ischemia/reperfusion reduces myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. In left ventricular (LV) biopsies from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), only the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 was associated with RIPC’s cardioprotection. We have now used an unbiased, non-hypothesis-driven proteomics and phosphoproteomics approach to analyze LV biopsies from patients undergoing CABG and from pigs undergoing coronary occlusion/reperfusion without (sham) and with RIPC. False discovery rate-based statistics identified a higher prostaglandin reductase 2 expression at early reperfusion with RIPC than with sham in patients. In pigs, the phosphorylation of 116 proteins was different between baseline and early reperfusion with RIPC and/or with sham. The identified proteins were not identical for patients and pigs, but in-silico pathway analysis of proteins with ≥2-fold higher expression/phosphorylation at early reperfusion with RIPC in comparison to sham revealed a relation to mitochondria and cytoskeleton in both species. Apart from limitations of the proteomics analysis per se, the small cohorts, the sampling/sample processing and the number of uncharacterized/unverifiable porcine proteins may have contributed to this largely unsatisfactory result.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilgün Gedik
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Institute for Genetics Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Thielmann
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg- Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eva Kottenberg
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Skyschally
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich H Frey
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elke Cario
- Experimental Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Peters
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Heinz Jakob
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg- Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Skyschally A, Amanakis G, Neuhäuser M, Kleinbongard P, Heusch G. Impact of electrical defibrillation on infarct size and no-reflow in pigs subjected to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion without and with ischemic conditioning. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H871-H878. [PMID: 28778913 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00293.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ventricular fibrillation (VF) occurs frequently during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and must then be terminated by electrical defibrillation. We have investigated the impact of VF/defibrillation on infarct size (IS) or area of no reflow (NR) without and with ischemic conditioning interventions. Anesthetized pigs were subjected to 60/180 min of coronary occlusion/reperfusion. VF, as identified from the ECG, was terminated by intrathoracic defibrillation. The area at risk (AAR), IS, and NR were determined by staining techniques (patent blue, triphenyltetrazolium chloride, and thioflavin-S). Four experimental protocols were analyzed: I/R (n = 49), I/R with ischemic preconditioning (IPC; n = 22), I/R with ischemic postconditioning (POCO; n = 22), or I/R with remote IPC (RIPC; n = 34). The incidence of VF was not different between I/R (44%), IPC (45%), POCO (50%), and RIPC (33%). IS was reduced by IPC (23 ± 12% of AAR), POCO (31 ± 16%), and RIPC (22 ± 13%, all P < 0.05 vs. I/R: 41 ± 12%). NR was not different between protocols (I/R: 17 ± 15% of AAR, IPC: 15 ± 18%, POCO: 25 ± 16%, and RIPC: 18 ± 17%). In pigs with defibrillation, IS was 50% larger than in pigs without defibrillation but independent of the number of defibrillations. Analysis of covariance confirmed the established determinants of IS, i.e., AAR, residual blood flow during ischemia (RMBFi), and a conditioning protocol, and revealed VF/defibrillation as a novel covariate. VF/defibrillation in turn was associated with larger AAR and lower RMBFi. Lack of dose-response relation between IS and the number of defibrillations excluded direct electrical injury as the cause of increased IS. Obviously, AAR size and RMBFi account for both IS and the incidence of VF. IS and NR are mechanistically distinct phenomena.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ventricular fibrillation/defibrillation is associated with increased infarct size. Electrical injury is unlikely the cause of such association, since there is no dose-response relation between infarct size and number of defibrillations. Ventricular fibrillation, in turn, is associated with a larger area at risk and lower residual blood flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Skyschally
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany; and
| | - Georgios Amanakis
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany; and
| | - Markus Neuhäuser
- Department of Mathematics and Technology, Koblenz University of Applied Sciences, Rhein-Ahr-Campus, Remagen, Germany
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany; and
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany; and
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cardioprotection by the transfer of coronary effluent from ischaemic preconditioned rat hearts: identification of cardioprotective humoral factors. Basic Res Cardiol 2017; 112:52. [PMID: 28695353 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-017-0641-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) provides myocardial resistance to ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries. The protection afforded by IPC is not limited to the target tissue but extends to remote tissues, suggesting a mechanism mediated by humoral factors. The aim of the present study was to identify the humoral factors that are responsible for the cardioprotection induced by the coronary effluent transferred from IPC to naïve hearts. Isolated rat hearts were submitted to IPC (three cycles of 5 min I/R) before 30-min global ischaemia and 60-min reperfusion. The coronary effluent (Efl_IPC) collected during IPC was fractionated by ultrafiltration in different molecular weight ranges (<3, 3-5, 5-10, 10-30, 30-50, and >50 kDa) and evaluated for cardioprotective effects by perfusion before I/R in naïve hearts. Only the <3, 5-10 and <10 kDa fractions of hydrophobic eluate reduced I/R injuries. The cardioprotective effect of the 5-10 fraction was blocked by KATP channel blockers and a PKC inhibitor. An Efl_IPC proteomic analysis revealed 14 cytoprotection-related proteins in 4-12 kDa peptides. HSP10 perfusion protected the heart against I/R injuries. These data provide insights into the mechanisms of cardioprotection in humoral factors released by IPC. Cardioprotection is afforded by hydrophobic peptides in the 4-12 kDa size range, which activate pathways that are dependent on PKC and KATP. Fourteen 4-12 kDa peptides were identified, suggesting a potential therapeutic role for these molecules in ischaemic diseases. One of these, HSP10, identified by mass spectrometry, reduced I/R injuries and may be a potential candidate as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
38
|
Kang PT, Chen CL, Lin P, Chilian WM, Chen YR. Impairment of pH gradient and membrane potential mediates redox dysfunction in the mitochondria of the post-ischemic heart. Basic Res Cardiol 2017; 112:36. [PMID: 28508960 PMCID: PMC5495109 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-017-0626-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial electrochemical gradient (Δp), which comprises the pH gradient (ΔpH) and the membrane potential (ΔΨ), is crucial in controlling energy transduction. During myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (IR), mitochondrial dysfunction mediates superoxide (·O2-) and H2O2 overproduction leading to oxidative injury. However, the role of ΔpH and ΔΨ in post-ischemic injury is not fully established. Here we studied mitochondria from the risk region of rat hearts subjected to 30 min of coronary ligation and 24 h of reperfusion in vivo. In the presence of glutamate, malate and ADP, normal mitochondria (mitochondria of non-ischemic region, NR) exhibited a heightened state 3 oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and reduced ·O2- and H2O2 production when compared to state 2 conditions. Oligomycin (increases ΔpH by inhibiting ATP synthase) increased ·O2- and H2O2 production in normal mitochondria, but not significantly in the mitochondria of the risk region (IR mitochondria or post-ischemic mitochondria), indicating that normal mitochondrial ·O2- and H2O2 generation is dependent on ΔpH and that IR impaired the ΔpH of normal mitochondria. Conversely, nigericin (dissipates ΔpH) dramatically reduced ·O2- and H2O2 generation by normal mitochondria under state 4 conditions, and this nigericin quenching effect was less pronounced in IR mitochondria. Nigericin also increased mitochondrial OCR, and predisposed normal mitochondria to a more oxidized redox status assessed by increased oxidation of cyclic hydroxylamine, CM-H. IR mitochondria, although more oxidized than normal mitochondria, were not responsive to nigericin-induced CM-H oxidation, which is consistent with the result that IR induced ΔpH impairment in normal mitochondria. Valinomycin, a K+ ionophore used to dissipate ΔΨ, drastically diminished ·O2- and H2O2 generation by normal mitochondria, but less pronounced effect on IR mitochondria under state 4 conditions, indicating that ΔΨ also contributed to ·O2- generation by normal mitochondria and that IR mediated ΔΨ impairment. However, there was no significant difference in valinomycin-induced CM-H oxidation between normal and IR mitochondria. In conclusion, under normal conditions the proton backpressure imposed by ΔpH restricts electron flow, controls a limited amount of ·O2- generation, and results in a more reduced myocardium; however, IR causes ΔpH impairment and prompts a more oxidized myocardium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Kang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, PO Box 95, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - Chwen-Lih Chen
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, PO Box 95, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - Paul Lin
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, PO Box 95, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - William M Chilian
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, PO Box 95, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - Yeong-Renn Chen
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, PO Box 95, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cardioprotection by remote ischemic conditioning and its signal transduction. Pflugers Arch 2016; 469:159-181. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1922-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|