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Benoit-Piau J, Gaudreault N, Vallerand R, Fortin S, Guptill C, Morin M. Passion and performance anxiety: How it affects the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders in dancers. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 73:102632. [PMID: 38548004 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the association between the incidence of musculoskeletal disorder episodes (MDEs) and obsessive and harmonious passion as well as performance anxiety throughout a dance season, which lasted 38 weeks. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS A total of 118 professional and preprofessional dancers were recruited and assessed at baseline, while 88 completed the follow-up. Their levels of passion and performance anxiety were assessed at the beginning of a dance season using the Passion Scale and the Kenny Music Performance Anxiety Inventory, respectively. To monitor the incidence of MDEs throughout a dance season, dancers were asked to complete a weekly electronic diary. RESULTS A higher level of obsessive passion was associated with a higher incidence of MDEs causing an interruption of dance activities (β = 0.264, p = 0.022). Harmonious passion and performance anxiety were not associated with MDEs throughout the season. CONCLUSIONS Findings of this study support the role of obsessive passion in the development of MDEs in dancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathaly Gaudreault
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada.
| | - Robert Vallerand
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada.
| | - Sylvie Fortin
- Department of Dance, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada.
| | | | - Mélanie Morin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada.
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St-Cyr J, Gavrila A, Tanguay-Sela M, Vallerand RJ. Perfectionism, disordered eating and well-being in aesthetic sports: The mediating role of passion. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 73:102648. [PMID: 38614219 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Aesthetic athletes face higher risks of disordered eating, and perfectionism is one of the determinants involved. While research suggests that perfectionism in sport may play a role in physical and psychological well-being, its influence remains to be confirmed. As such, further examination of the influence of perfectionism on health is warranted as it could lead to better interventions. This preregistered research sought to shed new light on these relationships by investigating the mediating role of passion in the perfectionism-disordered eating relationship as well as physical and psychological well-being in aesthetic sports. In Study 1, 229 American recreational and competitive athletes practicing either gymnastics (n = 150) or artistic swimming (n = 79) were recruited on MTurk to complete an online questionnaire. The same recruitment procedure was used for Study 2, with 107 American gymnasts (n = 69) and artistic swimmers (n = 38) completing the questionnaire at two timepoints, one year apart. Results from path analyses showed that socially prescribed perfectionism was associated with obsessive passion, which in turn was associated with disordered eating. Self-oriented perfectionism was associated with both obsessive and harmonious passion, the latter being more adaptative as it was associated with physical and psychological well-being. Thus, the way one engages in aesthetic sports matters, as engaging with obsessive passion may take a toll on one's health and lead to disordered eating. Conversely, fostering harmonious engagement seems to temper the negative associations between perfectionism and health outcomes and promote positive relationships with athlete's well-being, but requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jany St-Cyr
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Comportement Social, Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada.
| | - Andreea Gavrila
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Robert J Vallerand
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Comportement Social, Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada
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Naderi A, Alizadeh N, Calmeiro L, Degens H. Predictors of Running-Related Injury Among Recreational Runners: A Prospective Cohort Study of the Role of Perfectionism, Mental Toughness, and Passion in Running. Sports Health 2024:19417381231223475. [PMID: 38311884 DOI: 10.1177/19417381231223475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health benefits associated with recreational running are challenged by the occurrence of running-related injuries (RRIs). Effective preventive measures require knowledge of sport injury etiology. Psychological factors such as perfectionism, mental toughness, and passion are believed to predispose to sports injury by influencing training behaviors, motivation to run, and suppression of feelings of fatigue and pain. Yet their association with RRIs are understudied. HYPOTHESIS Perfectionism, mental toughness, and passion predict an increased risk of RRIs in recreational runners. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. METHODS A total of 143 recreational runners (age 34.9 ± 13.9 years, 37% women) with a response rate of 76.5% answered an online questionnaire about their characteristics, running behaviors, and psychological variables (perfectionism, mental toughness, and running passion) as well as a sports injury survey. Then, as a primary outcome, RRIs were recorded biweekly for 6 months. The incidence of injuries was expressed as RRI per 1000 hours of running. The association between predictive factors and RRIs was estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS The incidence of RRIs during follow-up was 5.16 per 1000 hours of running. The knee was the location injured most often (26.4%), followed by the foot (18.9%) and lower leg (13.2%). Higher obsessive passion (OP) for running (odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04-1.20) and perfectionistic concerns (OR, 1.22; CI,1.05-1.41) were associated with a greater risk of RRIs, as were previous injury (OR, 2.49; CI,1.10-5.70), weekly running distance (OR,1.10; CI, 1.03-1.16), and both supinated (OR, 4.51; CI, 1.11-18.30) and pronated (OR, 3.55; CI, 1.29-9.80) foot type. Following a running schedule (OR, 0.24; CI, 0.09-0.66) was associated with a lower risk of RRIs. CONCLUSION History of previous RRI, pronated and supinated foot type, weekly running distance, perfectionistic concerns, and OP increased RRI risk in recreational runners. Following a running schedule was a protective factor. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Multiple factors, including runners' psychological characteristics, predict RRIs. These findings can inform the development of injury risk management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynollah Naderi
- School of Sport Sciences, Shahrood University of Technology. Shahrood, Semnan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Alizadeh
- Department of Sport Science, University College of Omran and Tosseeh, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Luis Calmeiro
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, UK
- Institute of Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Lithuania
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Ogallar-Blanco AI, García-Mármol E, Clemente FM, Badicu G, Liñán-González A, González-Fernández FT. Differences between U23 and older semi-professional soccer players in perfectionism and passion: exploring determinant relationship between variables. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1230035. [PMID: 38298364 PMCID: PMC10828847 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1230035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim Abundant studies have pointed out that perfectionism and passion are interrelated and that they both can influence performance in a variety of contexts, including sports, however, research on how these variables interact and might affect performance in team sports, such as soccer, is still scarce. The aim of this study is to analyze differences in perfectionism and passion between under-23 years-old (U23) and older semi-professional soccer players, as well as to study the possible relationship between these two psychological variables. Methods Participants (N = 130 healthy semi-professional Spanish soccer players) were divided into two equivalent groups according to the participants age, U23 (N = 65; 21.58 ± 1.91 years) and older than 24 years (N = 65; 30.03 ± 3.72 years) and completed self-reports on perfectionism and passion. Results Independent samples t-test determined significant differences between the U23 Group and the >24 Group in perfectionism global score and concern over mistakes (maladaptive perfectionism), and in time, value, and passion. Multiple regression analyses revealed that obsessive passion predicted maladaptive subdimensions of perfectionism, while harmonious passion predicted adaptive perfectionism. Discussion U23 soccer players show higher levels of maladaptive perfectionism, time, value, and passion in relation with soccer than older players, probably because at this stage pressure to become professionals and to develop their technical, tactical, and physical skills is higher than in later stages. Conclusion Identifying differences between different age groups can help professionals in tailoring their interventions and strategies to address the specific needs of athletes at different stages of development more effectively, and to optimize mental focus, reduce stress, to promote a healthy mindset for optimal performance in soccer players, furthermore, the study of moderating effects of factors such as team dynamics or coaching styles on these constructs is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaida Irene Ogallar-Blanco
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Mármol
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), Melgaço, Portugal
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Engineering, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Georgian Badicu
- Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
| | - Antonio Liñán-González
- Head of Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Sheikhi B, Akbari H, Heiderscheit B. Cross cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the Persian version of the university of Wisconsin running injury and recovery index. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:41. [PMID: 38195422 PMCID: PMC10775526 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The University of Wisconsin Running Injury and Recovery Index (UWRI) was developed to evaluate running ability after a running-related injury. The aim of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the UWRI into Persian (UWRI-Persian) and to investigate its psychometric properties in patients with a running-related injury. METHODS The UWRI-Persian was translated using the Beaton guidelines. One hundred and seventy-three native Persian patients with running-related injuries were participated in the study. The exploratory factor analysis was carried out using the principal component analysis method with Varimax rotation. The construct validity of the UWRI-Persian was evaluated using the Pearson correlation with the pain self-efficacy questionnaire (PSEQ), Tampa scale for Kinesiophobia (TKS), and visual analogue scale (VAS). Test-retest reliability was tested among 64 patients who completed the form again after seven days. RESULTS The UWRI-Persian showed excellent internal consistency for total score (α = 0.966). An excellent internal consistency (α = 0.922) was shown for psychological response and good internal consistency (α = 0.887) for running progression. The interclass correlation coefficient for the UWRI-Persian total scores was 0.965 (95% CI, 0.942 to 0.979), indicating high intra-rater reliability. The UWRI-Persian showed a moderate correlation with the PSEQ (r = 0.425) and the TSK (r = 0.457) and a weak correlation with the VAS (r = 0.187). These findings suggest no floor or ceiling effects. CONCLUSIONS The UWRI is a reliable and valid tool for Persian-speaking patients with running-related injuries. The UWRI was successfully translated from English to Persian and demonstrated good to excellent internal consistency, validity and reliability with no floor or ceiling effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Sheikhi
- Department of Biomechanics and Sport Injuries, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hadi Akbari
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Bryan Heiderscheit
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US
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Neal BS, Bramah C, McCarthy-Ryan MF, Moore IS, Napier C, Paquette MR, Gruber AH. Using wearable technology data to explain recreational running injury: A prospective longitudinal feasibility study. Phys Ther Sport 2024; 65:130-136. [PMID: 38181563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Investigate 1) if collecting and analysing wristwatch inertial measurement unit (IMU) and global positioning system (GPS) data using a commercially-available training platform was feasible in recreational runners and 2) which variables were associated with subsequent injury. DESIGN Prospective longitudinal cohort. PARTICIPANTS Healthy recreational runners. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We set a priori feasibility thresholds for recruitment (maximum six-months), acceptance (minimum 80%), adherence (minimum 70%), and data collection (minimum 80%). Participants completed three patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS) detailing their psychological health, sleep quality, and intrinsic motivation to run. We extracted baseline anthropometric, biomechanical, metabolic, and training load data from their IMU/GPS wristwatch for analysis. Participants completed a weekly injury status surveillance questionnaire over the next 12-weeks. Feasibility outcomes were analysed descriptively and injured versus non-injured group differences with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for PROM/IMU/GPS data. RESULTS 149 participants consented; 86 participants completed (55 men, 31 women); 21 developed an injury (0.46 injuries/1000km). Feasibility outcomes were satisfied (recruitment = 47 days; acceptance = 133/149 [89%]; adherence = 93/133 [70%]; data collection = 86/93 [92%]). Acute load by calculated effort was associated with subsequent injury (mean difference -562.14, 95% CI -1019.42, -21.53). CONCLUSION Collecting and analysing wristwatch IMU/GPS data using a commercially-available training platform was feasible in recreational runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S Neal
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Christopher Bramah
- Human Movement and Rehabilitation, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; The Manchester Institute of Health and Performance, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Molly F McCarthy-Ryan
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel S Moore
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Napier
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University Faculty of Science, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Allison H Gruber
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health - Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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Fife A, Ramsey C, Esculier JF, Hébert-Losier K. How do road runners select their shoes? A systematic review. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2180543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Fife
- Division of Health, Engineering, Computing and Science, Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | - Codi Ramsey
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Otago Polytechnic, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jean-Francois Esculier
- Research & Development, The Running Clinic™, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kim Hébert-Losier
- Division of Health, Engineering, Computing and Science, Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand
- Research & Development, The Running Clinic™, Quebec City, Canada
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Nye NS, Grubic T, Kim M, O'Connor F, Deuster PA. Universal Training Precautions: A Review of Evidence and Recommendations for Prevention of Exercise-Related Injury, Illness, and Death in Warfighters and Athletes. J Athl Train 2023; 58:232-243. [PMID: 35724358 PMCID: PMC10176841 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0400.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Facing pressure to train for victory, warfighters and athletes encounter numerous health risks that are directly related to their regular physical training. The concept of universal training precautions (UTPs) signifies universal processes designed to prevent unnecessary bodily harm, including injury, illness, and death, during physical training programs. Although no formal guidelines exist for collectively implementing a defined set of UTPs to address a broad scope of exercise-related health risks, recommendations and guidelines have been published relating to preventing sudden death during high school sports and collegiate conditioning sessions. A long list of critical topics must be considered as UTPs, including physical fitness factors, transition-period accommodation, hydration, environmental factors and acclimatization, appropriate recovery, use of medications and dietary supplements, and importantly, leadership. In this article, we outline in detail, with corresponding Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy ratings, what should be considered universal recommendations to minimize the risk of warfighters and athletes coming to harm when participating in group physical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tyler Grubic
- Aviation Survival Training Center, NAS Patuxent River, MD
| | - Michael Kim
- Sports Medicine Clinic, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, VA
| | | | - Patricia A. Deuster
- USU/MEM Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Silver Spring, MD
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de Souza Júnior JR, Gaudette LW, Tenforde AS. Comment on "Running‑Related Biomechanical Risk Factors for Overuse Injuries in Distance Runners: A Systematic Review Considering Injury Specificity and the Potentials for Future Research". Sports Med 2023; 53:1103-1105. [PMID: 36680708 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José Roberto de Souza Júnior
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Spaulding National Running Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Graduate Program of Sciences and Technologies in Health, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Logan Walter Gaudette
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Spaulding National Running Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam S Tenforde
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Spaulding National Running Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Fältström A, Skillgate E, Weiss N, Källberg H, Lyberg V, Waldén M, Hägglund M, Asker M, Tranaeus U. Lifestyle characteristics in adolescent female football players: data from the Karolinska football Injury Cohort. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:212. [PMID: 36517880 PMCID: PMC9753279 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00603-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normative values of lifestyle characteristics in adolescent female football players may be used by clinicians and coaches to take actions because the potential important for well-being, performance on the pitch, and risk of injury. The aim was to report descriptive characteristics of lifestyle factors in adolescent female football players and potential changes over 1 year. METHODS We included 419 adolescent competitive female football players from 12 clubs and 27 teams (age 14 ± 1 years, range 12-17 years) and 286 were followed over 1 year. The players completed an extensive questionnaire regarding demographics, football-related factors, and lifestyle factors including tobacco consumption, alcohol use, medicine intake, eating and sleeping habits, well-being, stress, coping, and passion. Baseline data are presented for the total cohort and separately for 4 age groups (12, 13, 14, and 15-17 years). RESULTS 12% skipped breakfast, 8% skipped lunch and 11% used protein supplements several days per week. 16% slept less than 8 h/night, 8% had impaired sleep with daytime consequences, and 22% stated that they were tired in daily activities several days per week. 32% experienced stress some or most days/week and 24% were classified as having psychological distress. Medicine intake (23% vs. 34%), skipping breakfast or lunch several days per week (10% vs. 47% and 20 vs. 33%), tiredness (20% vs. 27%), stress (26% vs. 40%), and psychological distress (27% vs. 37%) increased significantly (P = 0.031 to < 0.001) at the 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSION Many adolescent female football players skip breakfast and lunch, have insufficient sleep, experience stress and are classified as having psychological distress. These factors increased over 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Fältström
- grid.445308.e0000 0004 0460 3941Department of Health Promotion Science, Musculoskeletal & Sports Injury Epidemiology Center, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.5640.70000 0001 2162 9922Unit of Physiotherapy, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden ,grid.413253.2Region Jönköping County, Rehabilitation Centre, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Eva Skillgate
- grid.445308.e0000 0004 0460 3941Department of Health Promotion Science, Musculoskeletal & Sports Injury Epidemiology Center, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Unit of Intervention and Implementation for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nathan Weiss
- grid.445308.e0000 0004 0460 3941Department of Health Promotion Science, Musculoskeletal & Sports Injury Epidemiology Center, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Unit of Intervention and Implementation for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Källberg
- grid.445308.e0000 0004 0460 3941Department of Health Promotion Science, Musculoskeletal & Sports Injury Epidemiology Center, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.419734.c0000 0000 9580 3113Unit of analysis, Department of Public Health, Analysis and Data Management, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victor Lyberg
- grid.445308.e0000 0004 0460 3941Department of Health Promotion Science, Musculoskeletal & Sports Injury Epidemiology Center, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Waldén
- Unit of Public Health, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping, Sweden ,GHP Ortho Center Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Martin Hägglund
- grid.5640.70000 0001 2162 9922Unit of Physiotherapy, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden ,grid.5640.70000 0001 2162 9922Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martin Asker
- grid.445308.e0000 0004 0460 3941Department of Health Promotion Science, Musculoskeletal & Sports Injury Epidemiology Center, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Unit of Intervention and Implementation for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,Naprapathögskolan, Scandinavian College of Naprapathic Manual Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Tranaeus
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Unit of Intervention and Implementation for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.416784.80000 0001 0694 3737Department of Physiology, Nutrition, Biomechanic, Sport Performance & Exercise Research & Innovation Center - Stockholm, SPERIC-S, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
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Madsen A, Sharififar S, Oberhaus J, Vincent KR, Vincent HK. Anxiety state impact on recovery of runners with lower extremity injuries. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278444. [PMID: 36454920 PMCID: PMC9714898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This prospective cohort study examined the impact of high anxiety levels on psychological state and gait performance during recovery in runners with lower body injuries. Recreational runners diagnosed with lower body injuries who had reduced running volume (N = 41) were stratified into groups using State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores: high anxiety (H-Anx; STAI ≥40 points) and low anxiety (L-Anx; STAI <40 points). Runners were followed through rehabilitation to return-to-run using monthly surveys. Main outcome measures included kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, TSK-11), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Positive and negative scores), Lower Extremity Function Scale (LEFS), running recovery (University of Wisconsin Running Injury and Recovery Index [UWRI]) and CDC Healthy Days modules for general health, days of anxiety/tension, disrupted sleep and work/usual activities. Running biomechanics were assessed at baseline and the final visit using 3D motion capture and a force-plated treadmill. The time to return-to-running for was 5.0±3.1 and 7.9±4.1 months for L-Anx and H-Anx, respectively and participants who withdrew (n = 15) did so at 7.7±6.2 months. L-Anx maintained low anxiety and H-Anx reduced anxiety from baseline to final visit (STAI = 31.5 to 28.4 points, 50.4 to 37.8 points, respectively), whereas the withdrawn runners remained clinically anxious at their final survey (41.5 to 40.3 points; p < .05). Group by time interactions were found for PANAS positive, LEFS UWRI, general health scores, and days feeling worry, tension and anxiety (all p < .05). Final running performance in L-Anx compared to H-Anx was most improved with cadence (8.6% vs 3.5%; p = .044), impact loading rate [-1.9% vs +8.9%] and lower body stiffness [+14.1% vs +3.2%; all p < .05). High anxiety may identify runners who will experience a longer recovery process, health-related functional disruptions, and less optimization of gait biomechanics during rehabilitation after a lower extremity injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Madsen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sharareh Sharififar
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jordan Oberhaus
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kevin R. Vincent
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Heather K. Vincent
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America,* E-mail:
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McGinnis GR, Thompson ST, Aguilar CD, Dial MB, Tandy RD, Radzak KN. Chronotype and Social Jetlag Influence Performance and Injury during Reserve Officers' Training Corps Physical Training. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13644. [PMID: 36294224 PMCID: PMC9603637 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sleep and circadian rhythms are critically important for optimal physical performance and maintaining health during training. Chronotype and altered sleep may modulate the response to exercise training, especially when performed at specific times/days, which may contribute to musculoskeletal injury. The purpose of this study was to determine if cadet characteristics (chronotype, sleep duration, and social jetlag) were associated with injury incidence and inflammation during physical training. Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) cadets (n = 42) completed the Morningness/Eveningness Questionnaire to determine chronotype, and 1-week sleep logs to determine sleep duration and social jetlag. Salivary IL-6 was measured before and after the first and fourth exercise sessions during training. Prospective injury incidence was monitored over 14 weeks of training, and Army Physical Fitness Test scores were recorded at the conclusion. Chronotype, sleep duration, and social jetlag were assessed as independent factors impacting IL-6, injury incidence, and APFT scores using ANOVAs, chi-squared tests, and the t-test where appropriate, with significance accepted at p < 0.05. Evening chronotypes performed worse on the APFT (evening = 103.8 ± 59.8 vs. intermediate = 221.9 ± 40.3 vs. morning = 216.6 ± 43.6; p < 0.05), with no difference in injury incidence. Sleep duration did not significantly impact APFT score or injury incidence. Social jetlag was significantly higher in injured vs. uninjured cadets (2:40 ± 1:03 vs. 1:32 ± 55, p < 0.05). Exercise increased salivary IL-6, with no significant effects of chronotype, sleep duration, or social jetlag. Evening chronotypes and cadets with social jetlag display hampered performance during morning APFT. Social jetlag may be a behavioral biomarker for musculoskeletal injury risk, which requires further investigation.
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