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Mahsusi M, Hudaa S, Nuryani N, Fahmi M, Tsurayya G, Iqhrammullah M. Global Rate of Willingness to Volunteer Among Medical and Health Students During Pandemic: Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis. JMIR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 10:e56415. [PMID: 38621233 PMCID: PMC11019965 DOI: 10.2196/56415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, shortages of health care workers often occur. Recruiting students as volunteers could be an option, but it is uncertain whether the idea is well-accepted. OBJECTIVE This study aims to estimate the global rate of willingness to volunteer among medical and health students in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies reporting the number of health students willing to volunteer during COVID-19 from 2019 to November 17, 2023. The meta-analysis was performed using a restricted maximum-likelihood model with logit transformation. RESULTS A total of 21 studies involving 26,056 health students were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of the willingness-to-volunteer rate among health students across multiple countries was 66.13%, with an I2 of 98.99% and P value of heterogeneity (P-Het)<.001. Removing a study with the highest influence led to the rate being 64.34%. Our stratified analyses indicated that those with older age, being first-year students, and being female were more willing to volunteer (P<.001). From highest to lowest, the rates were 77.38%, 77.03%, 65.48%, 64.11%, 62.71%, and 55.23% in Africa, Western Europe, East and Southeast Asia, Middle East, and Eastern Europe, respectively. Because of the high heterogeneity, the evidence from this study has moderate strength. CONCLUSIONS The majority of students are willing to volunteer during COVID-19, suggesting that volunteer recruitment is well-accepted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsusi Mahsusi
- Department of Islamic Education Management, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Syihaabul Hudaa
- Department of Management, Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Ahmad Dahlan Jakarta, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Nuryani Nuryani
- Department of Indonesian Language and Literature Education, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Mustofa Fahmi
- Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ghina Tsurayya
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Iqhrammullah
- Postgraduate Program of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
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Kardiasyah A, Syarani F, Bihar S, Lubis ND, Mutiara E, Syahputra H. Relationship between interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and chest X-ray severity scoring in COVID-19 patients. NARRA J 2024; 4:e690. [PMID: 38798831 PMCID: PMC11125309 DOI: 10.52225/narra.v4i1.690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be measured by interleukin-6 (IL-6) and chest X-rays. Brixia score of the chest radiographs is usually used to monitor COVID-19 patients' lung problems. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the relationship between IL-6 levels and chest radiographs (Brixia score) that represent COVID-19 severity. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among COVID-19 patients who had a chest X-ray and examination of IL-6 levels at H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between IL-6 levels and the severity of the chest radiograph. A total of 76 COVID-19 patients were included in the study and 39.5% of them were 60-69 years old, with more than half were female (52.6%). A total of 17.1%, 48.7%, and 34.2% had IL-6 level of <7 pg/mL, 7-50 pg/mL and >50 pg/mL, respectively. There were 39.5%, 36.8% and 23.7% of the patients had mild, moderate and severe chest X-rays based on Brixia score, respectively. Statistics analysis revealed that moderate (OR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.05- 3.32) and severe (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.03-3.35) lung conditions in the chest X-rays were significantly associated with IL-6 levels of 7-50 pg/mL. IL-6 more than 50 pg/mL was associated with severe chest X-ray condition (OR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.15-3.34). In conclusion, high IL-6 levels significantly reflected COVID-19 severity through chest X-rays in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alzi Kardiasyah
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Fajrinur Syarani
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Syamsul Bihar
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Netty D. Lubis
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
- Department of Radiology, Universitas Sumatera Utara General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Erna Mutiara
- Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Hafid Syahputra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
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Trevitt BT, Hayes V, Deacon R, Mills L, Demirkol A, Lintzeris N. The impact of changes in opioid dependency treatment upon COVID-19 transmission in Sydney, Australia: a retrospective longitudinal observational study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:349. [PMID: 38308232 PMCID: PMC10835853 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In April 2020, in response to the COVID-19 public health emergency, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District (SESLHD) Drug and Alcohol services modified their delivery of opioid dependency treatment (ODT) to reduce spread of COVID-19 and maintain continuity of care by increasing use of takeaway doses (TADs), transferring clients to local community pharmacies for dosing and encouraging the use of long-acting depot buprenorphine (LADB) which enabled once a month dosing. METHODS This study was a retrospective longitudinal case-control study conducted from August 1st, to November 30th, 2021. Eligible clients were those admitted for treatment with SESLHD ODT Services prior to August 1st,2021 and who remained in treatment beyond November 30th, 2021. COVID-19 diagnoses were determined by a COVID-19 PCR and extracted from the electronic Medical Records (eMR) Discern Reporting Portal. Demographic, clinical and dosing related data were collected from eMR and the Australian Immunisation Register (AIR). RESULTS Clients attending SESLHD ODT services had significantly greater odds of acquiring COVID-19 than the NSW adult population at large (OR: 13.63, 95%CI: 9.64,18.88). Additionally, amongst SESLHD ODT clients, being of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander origin was associated with greater odds of acquiring COVID-19 (OR = 2.18, CI: 1.05,4.53); whilst being employed (OR = 0.06, CI:0.01,0.46), receiving doses at pharmacy (OR = 0.43, CI: 0.21,0.89), and being vaccinated (OR = 0.12, CI: 0.06,0.26) were associated with lower odds. Every additional day of attendance required for dosing was associated with a 5% increase in odds of acquiring COVID-19 (OR = 1.05, CI: 1.02,1.08). CONCLUSIONS Clients attending SESLHD ODT services are significantly more likely to acquire COVID-19 than the NSW population at large. Promoting vaccination uptake, transferring clients to pharmacy, and reducing the frequency of dosing (by use of takeaway doses or long-acting depot buprenorphine) are all potential methods to reduce this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Trevitt
- Drug and Alcohol Services, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Victoria Hayes
- Drug and Alcohol Services, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Drug and Alcohol Clinical Research and Improvement Network, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachel Deacon
- Drug and Alcohol Services, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Speciality Addiction Medicine, Faculty Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Drug and Alcohol Clinical Research and Improvement Network, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Llewellyn Mills
- Drug and Alcohol Services, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Speciality Addiction Medicine, Faculty Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Drug and Alcohol Clinical Research and Improvement Network, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Apo Demirkol
- Drug and Alcohol Services, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Drug and Alcohol Clinical Research and Improvement Network, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas Lintzeris
- Drug and Alcohol Services, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Speciality Addiction Medicine, Faculty Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Drug and Alcohol Clinical Research and Improvement Network, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Leitner M, Pötz G, Berger M, Fellner M, Spat S, Koini M. Characteristics and burden of acute COVID-19 and long-COVID: Demographic, physical, mental health, and economic perspectives. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297207. [PMID: 38252638 PMCID: PMC10802963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 infection and its associated consequence, known as long-COVID, lead to a significant burden on the global healthcare system and limitations in people's personal and work lives. This study aims to provide further insight into the impact of acute and ongoing COVID-19 symptoms and investigates the role of patients' gender and vaccination status. METHODS 416 individuals (73.9% female) between the ages of 16 and 80 years (M = 44.18, SD = 12.90) with self-reported symptoms of long-COVID participated in an online survey conducted between March and May 2022. RESULTS 6.0%, 74.3%, and 19.7% of all respondents reported having had an asymptomatic, mild, or severe acute illness, respectively. Out of all participants, 7.8% required hospitalization. The most prevalent symptoms during the acute infection (Mdn = 23.50 symptoms, IQR = 13-39) included fatigue, exhaustion, cough, brain fog, and memory problems. The median long-COVID disease duration was 12.10 months (IQR = 2.8-17.4). Among 64 inquired long-COVID symptoms (Mdn = 17.00 symptoms, IQR = 9-27), participants reported fatigue, exhaustion, memory problems, brain fog, and dyspnea as the most common ongoing symptoms, which were generally experienced as fluctuating and deteriorating after physical or cognitive activity. Common consequences of long-COVID included financial losses (40.5%), changes in the participants' profession (41.0%), stress resistance (87.5%), sexual life (38.1%), and mood (72.1%), as well as breathing difficulties (41.3%), or an increased drug intake (e.g., medicine, alcohol; 44.6%). In addition, vaccinated individuals exhibited a shorter acute illness duration and an earlier onset of long-COVID symptoms. In general, women reported more long-COVID symptoms than men. CONCLUSION Long-COVID represents a heterogeneous disease and impacts multiple life aspects of those affected. Tailored rehabilitation programs targeting the plurality of physical and mental symptoms are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Leitner
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Martin Berger
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Marisa Koini
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Yasir S, Jin Y, Razzaq FA, Caballero-Moreno A, Galán-García L, Ren P, Valdes-Sosa M, Rodriguez-Labrada R, Bringas-Vega ML, Valdes-Sosa PA. The determinants of COVID-induced brain dysfunctions after SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1249282. [PMID: 38260018 PMCID: PMC10800467 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1249282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The severity of the pandemic and its consequences on health and social care systems were quite diverse and devastating. COVID-19 was associated with an increased risk of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders after SARS-CoV-2 infection. We did a cross-sectional study of 3 months post-COVID consequences of 178 Cuban subjects. Our study has a unique CUBAN COVID-19 cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients and healthy subjects. We constructed a latent variable for pre-health conditions (PHC) through Item Response Theory (IRT) and for post-COVID neuropsychiatric symptoms (Post-COVID-NPS) through Factor Analysis (FA). There seems to be a potential causal relationship between determinants of CIBD and post-COVID-NPS in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The causal relationships accessed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) revealed that PHC (p < 0.001) and pre-COVID cognitive impairments (p < 0.001) affect the severity of COVID-19 patients. The severity of COVID-19 eventually results in enhanced post-COVID-NPS (p < 0.001), even after adjusting for confounders (age, sex, and pre-COVID-NPS). The highest loadings in PHC were for cardiovascular diseases, immunological disorders, high blood pressure, and diabetes. On the other hand, sex (p < 0.001) and pre-COVID-NPS including neuroticism (p < 0.001), psychosis (p = 0.005), cognition (p = 0.036), and addiction (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with post-COVID-NPS. The most common neuropsychiatric symptom with the highest loadings includes pain, fatigue syndrome, autonomic dysfunctionalities, cardiovascular disorders, and neurological symptoms. Compared to healthy people, COVID-19 patients with pre-health comorbidities or pre-neuropsychiatric conditions will have a high risk of getting severe COVID-19 and long-term post-COVID neuropsychiatric consequences. Our study provides substantial evidence to highlight the need for a complete neuropsychiatric follow-up on COVID-19 patients (with severe illness) and survivors (asymptomatic patients who recovered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahwar Yasir
- Joint China-Cuba Laboratory for Neurotechnology and Bioengineering (JCCLNB), The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Joint China-Cuba Laboratory for Neurotechnology and Bioengineering (JCCLNB), The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fuleah A. Razzaq
- Joint China-Cuba Laboratory for Neurotechnology and Bioengineering (JCCLNB), The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | - Peng Ren
- Joint China-Cuba Laboratory for Neurotechnology and Bioengineering (JCCLNB), The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | - Maria L. Bringas-Vega
- Joint China-Cuba Laboratory for Neurotechnology and Bioengineering (JCCLNB), The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- The Cuban Neuroscience Center, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Pedro A. Valdes-Sosa
- Joint China-Cuba Laboratory for Neurotechnology and Bioengineering (JCCLNB), The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- The Cuban Neuroscience Center, La Habana, Cuba
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Ye Y, Xiong C, Dai Y, Wang Y, Yang X, Cheng L, Hou C, Nie N, Tang H, Ma X, Zhang A, Cao G, He Y, Jiang J, Li L. Assessment of post-COVID-19 fatigue among female survivors 2 years after hospital discharge: a nested case-control study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2455. [PMID: 38062429 PMCID: PMC10704782 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue is a common symptom of long COVID syndrome. Compared to male survivors, females have a higher incidence of post-COVID fatigue. Therefore, long-term follow-up is necessary to understand which groups of females are more vulnerable to post-COVID fatigue. METHODS This is a nested case-control study of female COVID-19 survivors who were discharged from two designated hospitals in Wuhan, China in 2020, and received 2-year follow-up from March 1 to April 6, 2022. All patients completed the Checklist Individual Strength-subscale subjective fatigue (CIS-fatigue), a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) assessment test (CAT), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; including the HADS-Anxiety [HADS-A] and the HADS-Depression [HADS-D]). Individuals with CIS-fatigue scores of 27 or higher were classified as cases. The risk factors for fatigue was analysed with multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 899 female COVID-19 survivors were enrolled for analysis, including 47 cases and 852 controls. Compared with controls, cases had higher CAT, HADS-A and HADS-D scores, and showed a higher prevalence of symptoms, including anxiety (cases vs. controls, 44.7% vs. 4.0%, p < 0.001), chest tightness (21.2% vs. 2.3%, p < 0.001), dyspnoea (19.1% vs. 0.8%, p < 0.001) and so on. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, age (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.06; p = 0.02) and cerebrovascular disease (OR, 11.32; 95% CI, 2.87-43.00; p < 0.001) were risk factors for fatigue. Fatigue had a statistically significant moderate correlation with depression (r = 0.44, p < 0.001), but not with CAT ≥ 10. CONCLUSION Female COVID-19 patients who had cerebrovascular disease and older age have higher risk of fatigue. Patients with fatigue have higher CAT scores, and are more likely to have concurrent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Chuyue Xiong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yang Dai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Lixia Cheng
- Department of Medical and Research Management, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Wuhan Taikang Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Hou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Naifu Nie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Huan Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xiangyu Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Anqiang Zhang
- Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Guoqiang Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
- Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Ji Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Li Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
- Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital, Wuhan, China.
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Mushtaq MZ, Nasir N, Mahmood SF, Khan S, Kanji A, Nasir A, Syed MA, Aamir UB, Hasan Z. Exploring the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 variants, illness severity at presentation, in-hospital mortality and COVID-19 vaccination in a low middle-income country: A retrospective cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1703. [PMID: 38045627 PMCID: PMC10690835 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims COVID-19 morbidity and mortality varied globally through the pandemic. We studied the relationship of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) with COVID-19 severity and mortality among hospitalized patients in Pakistan. Methods A retrospective review of clinical, laboratory, and vaccination data of 197 COVID-19 adult patients at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi between April 2021, and February 2022 was performed. SARS-CoV-2 VOC identified in respiratory samples were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with COVID-19 outcomes. Results The median age of cases was 55 years and 51.8% were males. Twenty-four percent of females were pregnant. Of COVID-19 cases, 48.2% had nonsevere disease, while 52.8% had severe/critical disease. Hypertension (48%) and diabetes mellitus (41%) were common comorbids. SARS-CoV-2 VOC identified comprised; Omicron (55.3%), Beta (14.7%), Alpha (13.7%), Delta (12.7%), and Gamma (3.6%) variants. Most (59.7%) study subjects were unvaccinated. Of vaccines, 88% had received inactivated virus COVID-19 vaccines. Increased risk of severe disease was associated with age ≥50 years (odds ratio [OR]: 5.73; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [2.45-13.7]), as well as with diabetes mellitus (OR: 4.24; 95% CI: [1.82-9.85]). Full vaccination (OR: 0.25; 95% CI: [0.11-0.58]) or infection with Omicron (OR: 0.42; 95% CI: [0.23-0.74]) was associated with reduced disease severity. The risk of mortality increased with age ≥50 years (OR: 5.07; 95% CI: [1.92-13.42]) and a history of myocardial infarction (OR: 5.11; 95% CI: [1.45-17.93]) whilst, infection with Omicron was found to reduce the risk (OR: 0.22; 95% CI: [0.10-0.53]). Conclusion Our study describes the relationship between the severity of COVID-19, in-hospital mortality in relation to SARS-CoV-2 variants, and the impact of COVID-19 vaccination in Pakistan. Outcomes were more favorable in younger individuals, after vaccinations and with Omicron variant infections. Most cases received inactivated virus vaccines therefore these data highlight the protection provided against severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nosheen Nasir
- Department of MedicineThe Aga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
| | | | - Sara Khan
- Department of MedicineThe Aga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
| | - Akbar Kanji
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineThe Aga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
| | - Asghar Nasir
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineThe Aga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
| | - M. Asif Syed
- Department of HealthGovernment of SindhHyderabadPakistan
| | | | - Zahra Hasan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineThe Aga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
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Udeh R, Utrero-Rico A, Dolja-Gore X, Rahmati M, McEVoy M, Kenna T. Lactate dehydrogenase contribution to symptom persistence in long COVID: A pooled analysis. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2477. [PMID: 37706263 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
There's critical need for risk predictors in long COVID. This meta-analysis evaluates the evidence for an association between plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and long COVID and explores the contribution of LDH to symptoms persistent across the distinct post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) domains. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for articles published up to 20 March 2023 for studies that reported data on LDH levels in COVID-19 survivors with and without PASC. Random-effect meta-analysis was employed to estimate the standardized mean difference (SMD) with corresponding 95% confidence interval of each outcome. There were a total of 8289 study participants (3338 PASC vs. 4951 controls) from 46 studies. Our meta-analysis compared to the controls showed a significant association between LDH elevation and Resp-PASC [SMD = 1.07, 95%CI = 0.72, 1.41, p = 0.01] but not Cardio-PASC [SMD = 1.79, 95%CI = -0.02, 3.61, p = 0.05], Neuro-PASC [SMD = 0.19, 95%CI = -0.24, 0.61, p = 0.40], and Gastrointestinal-PASC [SMD = 0.45, 95%CI = -1.08, 1.98, p = 0.56]. This meta-analysis suggests elevated LDH can be used for predicting Resp-PASC, but not Cardio-PASC, Neuro-PASC or gastrointestinal-PASC. Thus, elevated plasma LDH following COVID infection may be considered as a disease biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Udeh
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Xenia Dolja-Gore
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mark McEVoy
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- La Trobe Rural Health School, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Tony Kenna
- Centre for Immunology & Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Bendigo, Queensland, Australia
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9
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Obeidat FS, Alghwiri AA, Whitney SL. Predictors of Dizziness and Hearing Disorders in People with Long COVID. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1901. [PMID: 38003950 PMCID: PMC10673595 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59111901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Individuals report persistent symptoms after becoming infected by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) that last for >4 weeks (long-COVID syndrome). Dizziness and hearing loss have been reported among long-COVID symptoms. However, little is known about the potential predictors of dizziness and hearing loss in individuals with long COVID. This study aimed to explore the presence and correlates of dizziness and hearing loss in a sample of people with long-COVID syndrome. Materials and Methods: Individuals aged 18 years and older who were infected with COVID-19 at least 8 weeks prior to the start of the study were included if they were not diagnosed with dizziness or hearing loss before getting COVID-19. Demographics and COVID-19-related information were collected. Participants completed the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale, Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I), Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 12 (SF-12). Finally, hearing was assessed using pure-tone audiometry (PTA) in a subsample. Results: Two hundred and nine individuals (66% female) with a mean (SD) age of 27 (9) participated in the study. Perceived dizziness and hearing loss were reported in 26 and 15.3% of the sample, respectively. Logistic regression was conducted to identify potential predictors of dizziness and hearing loss separately. After controlling for age and severity of dizziness, female sex and high fatigue severity were associated with an increased likelihood of reporting dizziness (R2 = 31%). The severity of dizziness and neurological symptoms during the acute stage of COVID-19 were associated with an increased likelihood of reporting hearing loss (R2 = 10.4%) after controlling for age. Conclusions: Dizziness and hearing loss present in long COVID and can be disabling. Females with high levels of fatigue should be questioned about persistent dizziness. Hearing loss should be considered in individuals with neurological symptoms and severe dizziness as a consequence of long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten S. Obeidat
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Alia A. Alghwiri
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Susan L. Whitney
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Adam M, Moran JK, Kippe YD, Schouler-Ocak M, Bermpohl F, Gutwinski S, Goldschmidt T. Increase in presentations with new-onset psychiatric disorders in a psychiatric emergency department in Berlin, Germany during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic - a retrospective cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1240703. [PMID: 37904853 PMCID: PMC10613500 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1240703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction While numerous studies have identified an increase in symptoms of depression as well as anxiety and distress due to the COVID-19 pandemic, relatively few studies have investigated the new-onset of psychiatric diseases during the pandemic. Methods This study focuses on the number of psychiatric new-onset diagnoses in a psychiatric emergency department (pED) in Berlin, Germany during the second wave of the pandemic (i.e. from 09/15/2020 to 03/01/2021 = COVID-19-period) compared to pre-pandemic times (09/15/2019 to 03/01/2020 = control period). We focused on diagnostic subgroups and performed logistic regression analysis to investigate potential risk groups based on covariables such as age, gender, homelessness, attending in police custody and familial relationship. Results Overall, there was a 59.7% increase in new-onset psychiatric diagnoses during the COVID-19-period. Increases in the following diagnoses were observed: new-onset of substance-related and addictive disorders (+192.5%), depressive disorders (+115.8%), schizophrenia spectrum and psychotic disorders (+113.3%) and anxiety disorders (+63.6%). These diagnostic subgroups, together with attending in police custody, were found to predict pED presentations with new-onset during the COVID-19-period. Interestingly, in the group of new-onset psychiatric diseases in the COVID-19-period, higher amounts of job loss and living alone as well as a relative decrease in familial relationships were observed. Discussion COVID-19 infections and post-COVID-19 syndrome are unlikely to have played a substantial role in the increase of new-onset diseases in this study. Conclusion: Our findings underline the role of indirect factors in new-onset of psychiatric diseases during the pandemic and should be a caveat for future pandemic control policies.
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11
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Prabowo NA, Megantara MA, Apriningsih H. The role of N-acetylcysteine in decreasing neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in COVID-19 patients: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial. NARRA J 2023; 3:e121. [PMID: 38454976 PMCID: PMC10919724 DOI: 10.52225/narraj.v3i2.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that could potentially improve the clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. N-acetylcysteine potentially inhibits NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome and results in control oxidative stress and cytokine release in COVID-19 patients. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of N-acetylcysteine in reducing the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in COVID-19 patients. A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted among severe and moderate COVID-19 patients. The treatment group received oral 1200 mg daily of N-acetylcysteine (three times a day) and the standard care for COVID-19, while the control group received standard care for COVID-19 and a placebo. The NLR was determined on the first day of admission and after the seventh day of treatment. A paired Student t-test was used to compare the NLR before and after treatment while independent Student t-test was used to compare the NLR between treatment and control groups. A total of 40 severe and moderate COVID-19 were enrolled, 20 people in each group, with a mean age was 44.68±13.24 years old. The mean NLR on the first day was 9.44 in the treatment group and 8.84 in the control group. After the seventh day, the mean NLR was 4.27 and 11.54 in the treatment group and control group, respectively. The mean changes of NLR (the pre-treatment compared to post-treatment) in the treatment and control group were reduced 4.05 and increased 3.34, respectively. The NLR in treatment group significantly decreased compared to the control group (p<0.001). In conclusion, N-acetylcysteine 1200 mg daily could reduce the NLR in severe and moderate COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurhasan A. Prabowo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret Hospital, Kartasura, Indonesia
| | - Marcelino A. Megantara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hendrastutik Apriningsih
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret Hospital, Kartasura, Indonesia
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12
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Masyeni S, Indrawijaya IM, Wardhana IMW, Harapan H, Santosa A, Nelwan EJ. S-RBD Antibody Titers Following the First and Second Doses of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination (CoronaVac) in Native Participants: A Prospective Cohort Study in Bali, Indonesia. BIOMEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 16:721-728. [DOI: 10.13005/bpj/2654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: Vaccination has been recognized as an additional option, besides the health protocols practices to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, especially with the unknown specific treatment for the disease. This study sought to evaluate the immunogenicity of CoronaVac among the general population in Bali province, a popular tourist spot in Indonesia. Methods: As many as 422 volunteers were recruited from the three vaccination centers, of which 230 volunteers were seronegative and included in the study. CoronaVac was used as vaccine with dose of 0.5 mL or 3 µg at each administration. Blood samples were drawn before vaccination, 21 days after the first dose, and 56 days after second dose, where the interval between the first and second dose vaccination was 28 days. Vaccine immunogenicity was evaluated by the anti-spike receptor-binding domain (anti-S-RBD) IgG titer which was measured using the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay technique. Results: The mean anti-S-RBD levels at 21 days after first dose, and 21 days after the second dose of vaccination are 25.25 ± 59.74 U/mL and 138.77 ± 90.93 U/mL, respectively. The result of the Friedman test was p <0.001 which means that there are significant differences in anti-S-RBD levels between 21 days after first dose and 21 days after second vaccination. Post hoc analysis with the Wilcoxon test also showed significant difference among the three-testing point (p < 0.001). The seroconversion rate from the first dose of CoronaVac was 69.7% and it increased to 99.4% (171/172) on after the second dose. Conclusion: Although the protective level was not totally reached on the first vaccination, the immunogenicity was considered rapid 3 weeks after the first vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Masyeni
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universitas Warmadewa, Denpasar, Bali 80235, Indonesia
| | - I Made Indrawijaya
- 3Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Warmadewa, Denpasar, Bali 80235, Indonesia
| | - I Made Wisnu Wardhana
- 3Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Warmadewa, Denpasar, Bali 80235, Indonesia
| | - Harapan Harapan
- 5Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Agus Santosa
- 3Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Warmadewa, Denpasar, Bali 80235, Indonesia
| | - Erni J Nelwan
- 7Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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13
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Pietrantonio F, Vinci A, Maurici M, Ciarambino T, Galli B, Signorini A, La Fazia VM, Rosselli F, Fortunato L, Iodice R, Materazzo M, Ciuca A, Cicerchia LCM, Ruggeri M, Manfellotto D, Rosiello F, Moriconi A. Intra- and Extra-Hospitalization Monitoring of Vital Signs-Two Sides of the Same Coin: Perspectives from LIMS and Greenline-HT Study Operators. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5408. [PMID: 37420575 DOI: 10.3390/s23125408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, due to the epidemiological transition, the burden of very complex patients in hospital wards has increased. Telemedicine usage appears to be a potential high-impact factor in helping with patient management, allowing hospital personnel to assess conditions in out-of-hospital scenarios. METHODS To investigate the management of chronic patients during both hospitalization for disease and discharge, randomized studies (LIMS and Greenline-HT) are ongoing in the Internal Medicine Unit at ASL Roma 6 Castelli Hospital. The study endpoints are clinical outcomes (from a patient's perspective). In this perspective paper, the main findings of these studies, from the operators' point of view, are reported. Operator opinions were collected from structured and unstructured surveys conducted among the staff involved, and their main themes are reported in a narrative manner. RESULTS Telemonitoring appears to be linked to a reduction in side-events and side-effects, which represent some of most commons risk factors for re-hospitalization and for delayed discharge during hospitalization. The main perceived advantages are increased patient safety and the quick response in case of emergency. The main disadvantages are believed to be related to low patient compliance and an infrastructural lack of optimization. CONCLUSIONS The evidence of wireless monitoring studies, combined with the analysis of activity data, suggests the need for a model of patient management that envisages an increase in the territory of structures capable of offering patients subacute care (the possibility of antibiotic treatments, blood transfusions, infusion support, and pain therapy) for the timely management of chronic patients in the terminal phase, for which treatment in acute wards must be guaranteed only for a limited time for the management of the acute phase of their diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Pietrantonio
- Internal Medicine Unit, Castelli Hospital, Asl Roma 6, 00072 Rome, Italy
- Departmental Faculty of Medicine, St. Camillus University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Vinci
- Local Health Authority Roma 1, 00193 Rome, Italy
- Doctoral School in Nursing Science and Public Health, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Maurici
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Ciarambino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Barbara Galli
- Casa Circondariale Rebibbia, Nuovo Complesso Prison, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Signorini
- Departmental Faculty of Medicine, St. Camillus University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mirco La Fazia
- Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, St. David's Medical Center, Austin, TX 78705, USA
- Department of Systems Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francescantonio Rosselli
- Cardiology and Coronary Intensive Therapy Unit, San Francesco di Paola Hospital, 87027 Paola, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Materazzo
- Breast Unit, Department of Surgical Science, Policlinico Tor Vergata University, 00100 Rome, Italy
- PhD Program in Applied Medical-Surgical Sciences, Breast Oncoplastic Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ciuca
- Department of Infectious Disease and Public Health, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Ruggeri
- Departmental Faculty of Medicine, St. Camillus University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
- National Centre for Health Technology Assessment, National Health Institute, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Manfellotto
- UOC Medicina Interna, Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina-Gemelli Hospital, 00186 Rome, Italy
- "Centro Studi" FADOI, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Rosiello
- Internal Medicine Unit, Castelli Hospital, Asl Roma 6, 00072 Rome, Italy
- Departmental Faculty of Medicine, St. Camillus University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
- Department of Infectious Disease and Public Health, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Department of Hystological, Anatomical Sciences and Legal Medicine, Sapienza-University of Rome, 00196 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Moriconi
- Department of Business and Management, LUISS University, 00197 Rome, Italy
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14
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Abas AH, Tallei TE, Fatimawali F, Celik I, Alhumaydhi FA, Emran TB, Dhama K, Rabaan AA, Garout MA, Halwani MA, Al Mutair A, Alhumaid S, Harapan H. 4’-fluorouridine as a potential COVID-19 oral drug?: a review. F1000Res 2023; 11:410. [DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.109701.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The available antiviral drugs against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are limited. Oral drugs that can be prescribed to non-hospitalized patients are required. The 4′-fluoruridine, a nucleoside analog similar to remdesivir, is one of the promising candidates for COVID-19 oral therapy due to its ability to stall viral RdRp. Available data suggested that 4'-fluorouridine has antiviral activity against the respiratory syncytial virus, hepatitis C virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, and other RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. In vivo study revealed that SARS-CoV-2 is highly susceptible to 4'-fluorouridine and was effective with a single daily dose versus molnupiravir administered twice daily. Although 4'-fluorouridine is considered as strong candidates, further studies are required to determine its efficacy in the patients and it’s genetic effects on humans. In this review, we the antiviral activity of 4′-fluorouridine is reviewed and compared it to other drugs currently in development. The current literature on 4′-fluorouridine's antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is compiled and discussed.
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15
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Pietrantonio F, Ciamei A, Vinci A, Ciarambino T, Alessi E, Pascucci M, Delli Castelli M, Zito S, Sanguedolce S, Rainone M, Di Lorenzo J, Vinci F, Laurelli G, Di Iorio C, Corsi R, Ricci S, Di Berardino A, Ruggeri M, Rosiello F. Polypharmacy Management in a Gender Perspective: At the Heart of the Problem: Analysis of Major Cardiac Diseases, SARS-CoV-2 Affection and Gender Distribution in a Cohort of Patients in Internal Medicine Ward. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20095711. [PMID: 37174229 PMCID: PMC10178862 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 patients with any pre-existing major cardio-vascular disease (CVD) are at the highest risk of viral infection and of developing severe disease. The pathophysiological mechanism is characterized by the viral link to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the involvement of the endothelial system with the release of cytokines and the inflicting of direct damage to the myocardium, the induction of microthrombosis, and the initiation of alterations in oxygen diffusion. The aim of the study is to analyze the clinical course and outcomes in patients (gender-stratified) with pre-existing major CVD. METHODS Out of the 1833 (973 M/860 F) patients admitted to the Internal Medicine COVID-19 Unit of "Castelli Hospital", Lazio, Italy, from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2021, 600 patients (320 M/280 F) with a mean age of 77 (78.6 M/75.1 F) previously had CVD. Demographic characteristics, length of the stay (LOS) and oxygen therapy were evaluated. RESULTS All of the CVD COVID-19 patients underwent non-invasive ventilation (NIV). CVD was linked with increased LOS (21 days F/22 M) compared to no CVD (19 days). In total, 32.7% of total patients had major CVD. CONCLUSIONS Timely identification and evaluation of patients with pre-existing major CVD are fundamental for adequate treatment based on gender, severity, state of illness and for risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Pietrantonio
- Ospedale dei Castelli, Local Health Authority Roma 6, 00041 Albano Laziale, Italy
- National Centre for Health Technology Assessment, National Health Institute, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Ciamei
- Ospedale dei Castelli, Local Health Authority Roma 6, 00041 Albano Laziale, Italy
| | - Antonio Vinci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Ciarambino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Elena Alessi
- Ospedale dei Castelli, Local Health Authority Roma 6, 00041 Albano Laziale, Italy
| | - Matteo Pascucci
- Ospedale dei Castelli, Local Health Authority Roma 6, 00041 Albano Laziale, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Zito
- Ospedale dei Castelli, Local Health Authority Roma 6, 00041 Albano Laziale, Italy
| | - Simona Sanguedolce
- Ospedale dei Castelli, Local Health Authority Roma 6, 00041 Albano Laziale, Italy
| | - Marianna Rainone
- Ospedale dei Castelli, Local Health Authority Roma 6, 00041 Albano Laziale, Italy
| | - Jacopo Di Lorenzo
- Ospedale dei Castelli, Local Health Authority Roma 6, 00041 Albano Laziale, Italy
| | - Fabio Vinci
- Ospedale dei Castelli, Local Health Authority Roma 6, 00041 Albano Laziale, Italy
| | - Giulia Laurelli
- Ospedale dei Castelli, Local Health Authority Roma 6, 00041 Albano Laziale, Italy
| | - Claudia Di Iorio
- Ospedale dei Castelli, Local Health Authority Roma 6, 00041 Albano Laziale, Italy
| | - Roberto Corsi
- Health Management, Local Health Authority Roma 6, 00041 Albano Laziale, Italy
| | - Serafino Ricci
- Department of Hystological, Anatomical Sciences and Legal Medicine, Sapienza-University of Rome, 00196 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Ruggeri
- National Centre for Health Technology Assessment, National Health Institute, 00153 Rome, Italy
- HTA Center, St. Camillus University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Rosiello
- Ospedale dei Castelli, Local Health Authority Roma 6, 00041 Albano Laziale, Italy
- Department of Hystological, Anatomical Sciences and Legal Medicine, Sapienza-University of Rome, 00196 Rome, Italy
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16
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Badinlou F, Forsström D, Jansson-Fröjmark M, Abzhandadze T, Lundgren T. Impairments following COVID-19 infection: manifestations and investigations of related factors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6564. [PMID: 37085606 PMCID: PMC10119844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33810-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had a major global impact on the health and wellbeing for many individuals. Even though the infection rates have gone down due to the availability of vaccines, the consequences of the disease are still present due to persistent symptoms among individuals. The aim of the current study was to map long-term impairments in individuals infected with COVID-19 by applying the framework of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and also investigate the factors related to the context of an individual's life influencing the impairments. A web-survey that targeted individuals that had been infected with COVID-19 was used. The survey included a range of measures covering contextual factors and factors related to body functions and structures and post-COVID impairments. A total of 501 individuals were included in the study (with a mean age of 47.6 years). 96% of the respondents reported at least one moderate-to-severe impairment due to COVID-19 infection and the most frequent one was fatigue. In that, 79.6% and 86.9% of the study sample reported moderate-to-severe brain fatigue and tiredness or lack of energy, respectively. Severity of COVID-19 infection appeared as the strongest risk factor for post-COVID impairments. Based on the results, interventions can be tailored to help individuals with post-COVID-19 condition. This could be one way lessening the effect of COVID-19 on health care and society as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Badinlou
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Medical Unit Medical Psychology, Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.
| | - David Forsström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Jansson-Fröjmark
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tamar Abzhandadze
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tobias Lundgren
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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Harapan H, Ar Royan H, Tyas II, Nadira A, Abdi IF, Anwar S, Husnah M, Ichsan I, Pranata A, Mudatsir M, Syukri M, Rizal S, . R, . H, Kurniawan R, Irwansyah I, Sofyan SE. Waning anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain total antibody in CoronaVac-vaccinated individuals in Indonesia. F1000Res 2023; 11:300. [PMID: 37260419 PMCID: PMC10209622 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.109676.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The decrease of immunity acquired from COVID-19 vaccines is a potential cause of breakthrough infection. Understanding the dynamics of immune responses of vaccine-induced antibodies post-vaccination is important. This study aimed to measure the level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) total antibody in individuals at different time points upon the receipt of the second dose of CoronaVac vaccine, as well as evaluate the plausible associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among CoronaVac-vaccinated residents in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD total antibody was measured using Elecsys immunoassay. A set of standardized and validated questionnaires were used to assess the demographics and other associated factors. Results: Our results showed waning anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD total antibody titres over time post-vaccination. Compared to samples of the first month post-vaccination, the antibody titres were significantly lower than those of five-months (mean 184.6 vs. 101.8 U/mL, p = 0.009) and six-months post-vaccination (mean 184.6 vs. 95.59 U/mL, p = 0.001). This suggests that the length of time post-vaccination was negatively correlated with titre of antibody. A protective level of antibody titres (threshold of 15 U/mL) was observed from all the samples vaccinated within one to three months; however, only 73.7% and 78.9% of the sera from five- and six-months possessed the protective titres, respectively. The titre of antibody was found significantly higher in sera of individuals having a regular healthy meal intake compared to those who did not (mean 136.7 vs. 110.4 U/mL, p = 0.044), including in subgroup analysis that included those five to six months post-vaccination only (mean 79.0 vs. 134.5 U/mL, p = 0.009). Conclusions: This study provides insights on the efficacy of CoronaVac vaccine in protecting individuals against SARS-CoV-2 infection over time, which may contribute to future vaccination policy management to improve and prolong protective strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Hibban Ar Royan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Islam Ing Tyas
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Auda Nadira
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Irham Faraby Abdi
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Samsul Anwar
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Milda Husnah
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Ichsan Ichsan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC), Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Agung Pranata
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Mudatsir Mudatsir
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Maimun Syukri
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Samsul Rizal
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Razali .
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Hamdani .
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Rudi Kurniawan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Irwansyah Irwansyah
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Sarwo Edhy Sofyan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
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18
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Tanaka T, Okamoto M, Matsuo N, Naitou-Nishida Y, Nouno T, Kojima T, Nishii Y, Uchiyashiki Y, Takeoka H, Nagasaki Y. Case Series of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia Treated with Hydroxychloroquine. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030541. [PMID: 36984543 PMCID: PMC10057902 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) therapy, a previous candidate drug for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was denied in the global guideline. The risk of severe cardiac events associated with HCQ was inconsistent in previous reports. In the present case series, we show the tolerability of HCQ therapy in patients treated in our hospital, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of HCQ therapy for patients with COVID-19. A representative case was a 66-year-old woman who had become infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and was diagnosed as having COVID-19 pneumonia via polymerase chain reaction. She was refractory to treatment with levofloxacin, lopinavir, and ritonavir, while her condition improved after beginning HCQ therapy without severe side effects. We show the tolerability of HCQ therapy for 27 patients treated in our hospital. In total, 21 adverse events occurred in 20 (74%) patients, namely, diarrhea in 11 (41%) patients, and elevated levels of both aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase in 10 (37%) patients. All seven grade ≥ 4 adverse events were associated with the deterioration in COVID-19 status. No patients discontinued HCQ treatment because of HCQ-related adverse events. Two patients (7%) died of COVID-19 pneumonia. In conclusion, HCQ therapy that had been performed for COVID-19 was well-tolerated in our case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Respirology and Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, 1-8-1 Jigyohama, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka 810-0065, Japan
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Masaki Okamoto
- Department of Respirology and Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, 1-8-1 Jigyohama, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka 810-0065, Japan
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-92-852-0700
| | - Norikazu Matsuo
- Department of Respirology and Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, 1-8-1 Jigyohama, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka 810-0065, Japan
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Naitou-Nishida
- Department of Respirology and Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, 1-8-1 Jigyohama, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka 810-0065, Japan
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takashi Nouno
- Department of Respirology and Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, 1-8-1 Jigyohama, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka 810-0065, Japan
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Respirology and Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, 1-8-1 Jigyohama, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka 810-0065, Japan
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yuuya Nishii
- Department of Respirology and Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, 1-8-1 Jigyohama, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka 810-0065, Japan
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Uchiyashiki
- Department of Respirology and Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, 1-8-1 Jigyohama, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka 810-0065, Japan
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takeoka
- Department of Respirology and Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, 1-8-1 Jigyohama, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka 810-0065, Japan
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoji Nagasaki
- Department of Infectious Disease, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, 1-8-1 Jigyohama, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka 810-0065, Japan
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19
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Cheema HA, Sohail A, Fatima A, Shahid A, Shahzil M, Ur Rehman ME, Awan RU, Chinnam S, Nashwan AJ. Quercetin for the treatment of COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2427. [PMID: 36779438 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Currently approved therapies for COVID-19 are mostly limited by their low availability, high costs or the requirement of parenteral administration by trained medical personnel in an in-hospital setting. Quercetin is a cheap and easily accessible therapeutic option for COVID-19 patients. However, it has not been evaluated in a systematic review until now. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to assess the effect of quercetin on clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Various databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Embase were searched from inception until 5 October 2022 and results from six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were pooled using a random-effects model. All analyses were conducted using RevMan 5.4 with odds ratio (OR) as the effect measure. Quercetin decreased the risk of intensive care unit admission (OR = 0.31; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.10-0.99) and the incidence of hospitalisation (OR = 0.25; 95% CI 0.10-0.62) but did not decrease the risk of all-cause mortality and the rate of no recovery. Quercetin may be of benefit in COVID-19 patients, especially if administered in its phytosome formulation which greatly enhances its bioavailability but large-scale RCTs are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huzaifa Ahmad Cheema
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aruba Sohail
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Areej Fatima
- Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Abia Shahid
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzil
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan.,SSM Health St. Anthony Hospital, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Rehmat Ullah Awan
- Department of Medicine, Ochsner Rush Medical Center, Meridian, Mississippi, USA
| | - Sampath Chinnam
- Department of Chemistry, M. S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.,Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
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20
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Soofi M, Kok G, Soltani S, Kazemi-Karyani A, Najafi F, Karamimatin B. Willingness to pay for a COVID-19 vaccine and its associated determinants in Iran. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1036110. [PMID: 36875419 PMCID: PMC9978175 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1036110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Understanding the individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) for the COVID-19 vaccine could help design policy interventions to control the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to estimate the individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) for a COVID-19 vaccine and to identify its associated determinants. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 526 Iranian adults using a web-based questionnaire. A double-bounded contingent valuation approach was used to estimate WTP for the COVID-19 vaccine. The parameters of the model were estimated based on the maximum likelihood method. Results A considerable proportion of participants (90.87%) were willing to pay for a COVID-19 vaccine. Based on our discrete choice model, the estimated mean WTP for a COVID-19 vaccine was US$ 60.13 (CI: 56.80-63.46; p < 0.01). Having a higher perceived risk of being contaminated with COVID-19, higher average monthly income, higher education level, pre-existence of chronic diseases, previous experience of vaccination, and belonging to higher age groups were significant determinants associated with WTP for COVID-19 vaccination. Conclusion The present study indicates a relatively high WTP and acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine among the Iranian population. Average monthly income, risk perception, education level, the preexistence of chronic disease, and previous vaccination experience increased the likelihood of WTP for a vaccine. Subsidizing the COVID-19 vaccine for the low-income population and raising risk perception among the population should be considered in formulating vaccine-related interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moslem Soofi
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gerjo Kok
- Work and Social Psychology Department, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Shahin Soltani
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Kazemi-Karyani
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Behzad Karamimatin
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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21
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Biancolillo A, Scappaticci C, Foschi M, Rossini C, Marini F. Coupling of NIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for the Quantification of Dexamethasone in Pharmaceutical Formulations. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:309. [PMID: 37259451 PMCID: PMC9961082 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Counterfeit or substandard drugs are pharmaceutical formulations in which the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) have been replaced or ingredients do not comply with the drug leaflet. With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, fraud associated with the preparation of substandard or counterfeit drugs is expected to grow, undermining health systems already weakened by the state of emergency. Analytical chemistry plays a key role in tackling this problem, and in implementing strategies that permit the recognition of uncompliant drugs. In light of this, the present work represents a feasibility study for the development of a NIR-based tool for the quantification of dexamethasone in mixtures of excipients (starch and lactose). Two different regression strategies were tested. The first, based on the coupling of NIR spectra and Partial Least Squares (PLS) provided good results (root mean square error in prediction (RMSEP) of 720 mg/kg), but the most accurate was the second, a strategy exploiting sequential preprocessing through orthogonalization (SPORT), which led (on the external set of mixtures) to an R2pred of 0.9044, and an RMSEP of 450 mg/kg. Eventually, Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) was applied to interpret the obtained results and determine which spectral regions contribute most to the SPORT model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Biancolillo
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio snc, Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudia Scappaticci
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio snc, Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Martina Foschi
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio snc, Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudia Rossini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Marini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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22
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Maghsood F, Ghorbani A, Yadegari H, Golsaz-Shirazi F, Amiri MM, Shokri F. SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid: Biological functions and implication for disease diagnosis and vaccine design. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2431. [PMID: 36790816 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is transmitted by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has affected millions of people all around the world, leading to more than 6.5 million deaths. The nucleocapsid (N) phosphoprotein plays important roles in modulating viral replication and transcription, virus-infected cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and regulation of host innate immunity. As an immunodominant protein, N protein induces strong humoral and cellular immune responses in COVID-19 patients, making it a key marker for studying N-specific B cell and T cell responses and the development of diagnostic serological assays and efficient vaccines. In this review, we focus on the structural and functional features and the kinetic and epitope mapping of B cell and T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 N protein to extend our understanding on the development of sensitive and specific diagnostic immunological tests and effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Maghsood
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Yadegari
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Golsaz-Shirazi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Amiri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazel Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Fancourt D, Steptoe A, Bu F. Psychological consequences of long COVID: comparing trajectories of depressive and anxiety symptoms before and after contracting SARS-CoV-2 between matched long- and short-COVID groups. Br J Psychiatry 2023; 222:74-81. [PMID: 36458509 PMCID: PMC7614126 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2022.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing global awareness of the psychological consequences of long COVID, supported by emerging empirical evidence. However, the emergence and long-term trajectories of psychological symptoms following the infection are still unclear. AIMS To examine when psychological symptoms first emerge following infection with SARS-CoV-2 and the long-term trajectories of psychological symptoms comparing long- and short-COVID groups. METHOD We analysed longitudinal data from the UCL COVID-19 Social Study (March 2020 to November 2021). We included data from adults living in England who reported contracting SARS-CoV-2 by November 2021 (n = 3115). Of these, 15.9% reported having had long COVID (n = 495). They were matched to participants who had short COVID using propensity score matching on a variety of demographic, socioeconomic and health covariates (n = 962 individuals with 13 325 observations) and data were further analysed using growth curve modelling. RESULTS Depressive and anxiety symptoms increased immediately following the onset of infection in both long- and short-COVID groups. But the long-COVID group had substantially greater initial increases in depressive symptoms and heightened levels over 22 months follow-up. Initial increases in anxiety were not significantly different between groups, but only the short-COVID group experienced an improvement in anxiety over follow-up, leading to widening differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings support work on the psychobiological pathways involved in the development of psychological symptoms relating to long COVID. The results highlight the need for monitoring of mental health and provision of adequate support to be interwoven with diagnosis and treatment of the physical consequences of long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Fancourt
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, university College London, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, university College London, UK
| | - Feifei Bu
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, university College London, UK
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24
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Dhama K, Nainu F, Frediansyah A, Yatoo MI, Mohapatra RK, Chakraborty S, Zhou H, Islam MR, Mamada SS, Kusuma HI, Rabaan AA, Alhumaid S, Mutair AA, Iqhrammullah M, Al-Tawfiq JA, Mohaini MA, Alsalman AJ, Tuli HS, Chakraborty C, Harapan H. Global emerging Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2: Impacts, challenges and strategies. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:4-14. [PMID: 36446204 PMCID: PMC9675435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly emerging variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are continuously posing high global public health concerns and panic resulting in waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Depending on the extent of genomic variations, mutations and adaptation, few of the variants gain the ability to spread quickly across many countries, acquire higher virulency and ability to cause severe disease, morbidity and mortality. These variants have been implicated in lessening the efficacy of the current COVID-19 vaccines and immunotherapies resulting in break-through viral infections in vaccinated individuals and recovered patients. Altogether, these could hinder the protective herd immunity to be achieved through the ongoing progressive COVID-19 vaccination. Currently, the only variant of interest of SARS-CoV-2 is Omicron that was first identified in South Africa. In this review, we present the overview on the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants with a special focus on the Omicron variant, its lineages and hybrid variants. We discuss the hypotheses of the origin, genetic change and underlying molecular mechanism behind higher transmissibility and immune escape of Omicron variant. Major concerns related to Omicron including the efficacy of the current available immunotherapeutics and vaccines, transmissibility, disease severity, and mortality are discussed. In the last part, challenges and strategies to counter Omicron variant, its lineages and hybrid variants amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Andri Frediansyah
- Research Division for Natural Product Technology (BPTBA), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry Shuhama, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar 758002, Odisha, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, R.K. Nagar, West Tripura, Tripura, India
| | - Hao Zhou
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Sukamto S Mamada
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Hendrix Indra Kusuma
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh 23111, Indonesia; Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia; Biology Education Department, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry, Jl. Syeikh Abdur Rauf, Kopelma Darussalaml, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Saad Alhumaid
- Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abbas Al Mutair
- Research Center, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al-Ahsa 36342, Saudi Arabia; College of Nursing, Prince Nora University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia; School of Nursing, Wollongong University, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Nursing Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran 33048, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Iqhrammullah
- Graduate School of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohammed Al Mohaini
- Basic Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkhaliq J Alsalman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Barasat-Barrackpore Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700126, India
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh 23111, Indonesia; Tropical Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh 23111, Indonesia; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh 23111, Indonesia.
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25
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Sittichai N, Parasin N, Saokaew S, Kanchanasurakit S, Kayod N, Praikaew K, Phisalprapa P, Prasannarong M. Effects of physical activity on the severity of illness and mortality in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1030568. [PMID: 36439253 PMCID: PMC9686861 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1030568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the association between Physical activity (PA) before Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and the severity of illness and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods: A comprehensive search was undertaken to identify retrospective and nonrandomized controlled trial studies comparing the severity and mortality of COVID-19 infection among COVID-19 patients who had previously reported their participation in PA with those who had not. The databases searched were PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Science Direct, EMBASE, OPENGREY.EU, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A random-effects model was used for determining pairwise meta-analyses. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021262548). Results: Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria (5 cross-sectional, 12 cohort, and 1 case-control studies). All 1 618 680 subjects were adults. PA significantly decreased the risk of death in COVID-19 patients (odds ratio [OR] 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19–0.62; p < 0.001) and the risk of severe outcomes (OR 0.60; 95% CI, 0.48–0.76; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that PA for ≥150 min/wk at a moderate intensity or ≥75 min/wk at a vigorous intensity reduced the risks of severity and mortality. Vigorous PA reduced mortality risk, whereas moderate to vigorous PA reduced the risks of severity and mortality. Conclusion: PA before infection might reduce severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients, especially PA ≥ 150 min/wk of moderate activity or ≥75 min/wk of vigorous activity. However, careful interpretations should be considered due to the difference in PA patterns and severity definitions among included studies. This finding implies that engaging in regular PA, even in different patterns, has beneficial effects on the severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttawut Sittichai
- Program in Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Phuket Rajabhat University, Phuket, Thailand
| | - Nichapa Parasin
- Division of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Science, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Surasak Saokaew
- Unit of Excellence on Clinical Outcomes Research and IntegratioN (UNICORN), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Division of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Sukrit Kanchanasurakit
- Unit of Excellence on Clinical Outcomes Research and IntegratioN (UNICORN), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Care, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Nuttawan Kayod
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Ketnapa Praikaew
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pochamana Phisalprapa
- Division of Ambulatory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Mujalin Prasannarong, ; Pochamana Phisalprapa,
| | - Mujalin Prasannarong
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Mujalin Prasannarong, ; Pochamana Phisalprapa,
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Headache in Post-COVID-19 Patients: Its Characteristics and Relationship with the Quality of Life. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58101500. [PMID: 36295660 PMCID: PMC9609032 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58101500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Little is known on the characteristics of headaches associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Indonesia. The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of headache in post-COVID-19 patients, and its impact on the patients' quality of life (QoL), as well as to determine the associated determinants of the poor QoL. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms of COVID-19, characteristics of headache, and the QoL were collected and assessed. Headache was diagnosed and characterized using the International Classification of Headache Disorders, version 3 (ICHD-3). QoL was assessed using a Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) tool. A logistic regression model was used to investigate the associated determinants of poor QoL in post-COVID-19 patients. A total of 215 post-COVID-19 patients were included in the final analysis, and 21.4% (46/215) of them had a poor QoL due to headache following COVID-19. Those who were unemployed and who contracted COVID-19 less than three months prior to the study had higher odds of having poor QoL compared to those who were employed and who contracted COVID-19 more than three months prior to the study. Low QoL was also related to headache that occurred less than one month after recovering from COVID-19 (compared to that which occurred longer than one month after); had a high frequency; had a combination sensation of pulsating, pressing, fiery, and stabbing pain; had a high severity score; and had additional symptoms accompanying the headache. In conclusion, headache related to COVID-19 is associated with low QoL among post-COVID-19 patients. A guideline on prevention measures of headache on COVID-19 patients, therefore, needs to be established to avoid long-term consequences.
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Erokhin D, Yosipof A, Komendantova N. COVID-19 Conspiracy Theories Discussion on Twitter. SOCIAL MEDIA + SOCIETY 2022; 8:20563051221126051. [PMID: 36245701 PMCID: PMC9551662 DOI: 10.1177/20563051221126051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was an unexpected event and resulted in catastrophic consequences with long-lasting behavioral effects. People began to seek explanations for different aspects of COVID-19 and resorted to conspiracy narratives. The objective of this article is to analyze the changes on the discussion of different COVID-19 conspiracy theories throughout the pandemic on Twitter. We have collected a data set of 1.269 million tweets associated with the discussion on conspiracy theories between January 2020 and November 2021. The data set includes tweets related to eight conspiracy theories: the 5G, Big Pharma, Bill Gates, biological weapon, exaggeration, FilmYourHospital, genetically modified organism (GMO), and the vaccines conspiracy. The analysis highlights several behaviors in the discussion of conspiracy theories and allows categorizing them into four groups. The first group are conspiracy theories that peaked at the beginning of the pandemic and sharply declined afterwards, including the 5G and FilmYourHospital conspiracies. The second group associated with the Big Pharma and vaccination-related conspiracy whose role increased as the pandemic progressed. The third are conspiracies that remained persistent throughout the pandemic such as exaggeration and Bill Gates conspiracies. The fourth are those that had multiple peaks at different times of the pandemic including the GMO and biological weapon conspiracies. In addition, the number of COVID-19 new cases was found to be a significant predictor for the next week tweet frequency for most of the conspiracies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Erokhin
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Austria
| | - Abraham Yosipof
- Faculty of Information Systems and Computer Science, College of Law & Business, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Gachabayov M, Sharun K, Felsenreich DM, Nainu F, Anwar S, Yufika A, Ophinni Y, Yamada C, Fahriani M, Husnah M, Raad R, Khiri NME, Abdalla RYA, Adam RY, Ismaeil MIH, Ismail AY, Kacem W, Teyeb Z, Aloui K, Hafsi M, Ferjani M, Dahman NBH, Deeb DA, Emad D, Abbas KS, Monib FA, Sami FS, Ramanarayanan S, Panchawagh S, Anandu S, Haque MA, Ferreto LED, Briones MFC, Morales RBI, Lazcano-Díaz S, Aburto JTO, Rojas JET, Balogun EO, Kusuma HI, Yeni CM, Utami NA, Enitan SS, Yomi AR, Durosinmi A, Adejumo EN, Ezigbo ED, Babadi E, Kakemam E, Ullah I, Malik NI, Rosiello F, Emran TB, Imelda E, Wendt GW, Arab-Zozani M, Dhama K, Mudatsir M, Harapan H. Perceived risk of infection and death from COVID-19 among community members of low- and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional study. F1000Res 2022; 11:345. [PMID: 36128553 PMCID: PMC9468621 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.109575.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Risk perceptions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are considered important as they impact community health behaviors. The aim of this study was to determine the perceived risk of infection and death due to COVID-19 and to assess the factors associated with such risk perceptions among community members in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Africa, Asia, and South America. Methods: An online cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 LMICs in Africa, Asia, and South America from February to May 2021. A questionnaire was utilized to assess the perceived risk of infection and death from COVID-19 and its plausible determinants. A logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with such risk perceptions. Results: A total of 1,646 responses were included in the analysis of the perceived risk of becoming infected and dying from COVID-19. Our data suggested that 36.4% of participants had a high perceived risk of COVID-19 infection, while only 22.4% had a perceived risk of dying from COVID-19. Being a woman, working in healthcare-related sectors, contracting pulmonary disease, knowing people in the immediate social environment who are or have been infected with COVID-19, as well as seeing or reading about individuals infected with COVID-19 on social media or TV were all associated with a higher perceived risk of becoming infected with COVID-19. In addition, being a woman, elderly, having heart disease and pulmonary disease, knowing people in the immediate social environment who are or have been infected with COVID-19, and seeing or reading about individuals infected with COVID-19 on social media or TV had a higher perceived risk of dying from COVID-19. Conclusions: The perceived risk of infection and death due to COVID-19 are relatively low among respondents; this suggests the need to conduct health campaigns to disseminate knowledge and information on the ongoing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahir Gachabayov
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Vladimir City Emergency Hospital, Vladimir, 600014, Russian Federation
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Daniel M. Felsenreich
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Samsul Anwar
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Amanda Yufika
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Youdiil Ophinni
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, 02139, USA
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan
| | - Chika Yamada
- Department of Environmental Coexistence, Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8304, Japan
| | - Marhami Fahriani
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Milda Husnah
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Master Program of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, BAnda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Rawan Raad
- Faculty of Medicine and General Surgery, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, 407, Sudan
| | | | | | | | | | - Asma Y. Ismail
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sudan International University, Khartoum, 12769, Sudan
| | - Wajdi Kacem
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2074, Tunisia
| | - Zeineb Teyeb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2074, Tunisia
| | - Khaoula Aloui
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2074, Tunisia
| | - Montacer Hafsi
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2074, Tunisia
| | - Manel Ferjani
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, 4180, Tunisia
| | | | - Dalia A. Deeb
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, El-sharkia, 44519, Egypt
| | - Dina Emad
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Nasr City, Cairo, 1181, Egypt
| | | | - Fatma A. Monib
- Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Farah S. Sami
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Nasr City, Cairo, 1181, Egypt
| | - Subramaniam Ramanarayanan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Nellikuzhi, Kothamangalam, Kerala, 686691, India
| | - Suhrud Panchawagh
- Department of General Medicine, Smt. KashibaiNavale Medical College and General Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, 411041, India
| | - Sunil Anandu
- Division of Veterinary Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Md Ariful Haque
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
| | - Lirane ED. Ferreto
- Department of Public Health and Postgraduate Program in Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Western Paraná State University, Francisco Beltrão, 85601-970, Brazil
| | - María FC. Briones
- Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, 4781218, Chile
| | - Rocío BI. Morales
- Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, 4781218, Chile
| | | | - José TO. Aburto
- Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, 4781218, Chile
| | - Jorge ET. Rojas
- Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, 4781218, Chile
| | - Emmanuel O. Balogun
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, 2222, Nigeria
| | - Hendrix I. Kusuma
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Master Program of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, BAnda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Cut Meurah Yeni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, 24415, Indonesia
| | - Niken Asri Utami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, 24415, Indonesia
| | - Seyi S. Enitan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, 121103, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Esther N. Adejumo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, 121103, Nigeria
| | - Eyiuche D. Ezigbo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences & Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 40006, Nigeria
| | - Elham Babadi
- Research Fellow, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 14604, USA
| | - Edris Kakemam
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 516599001, Iran
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Najma I. Malik
- Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Francesco Rosiello
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, Sapienza-University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Talha B. Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Eva Imelda
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Guilherme W. Wendt
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Western Paraná State University, Francisco Beltrão, 85601-970, Brazil
| | - Morteza Arab-Zozani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, 97, Iran
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute,, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Mudatsir Mudatsir
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Centre, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 231111, Indonesia
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Smith CJ, Renshaw P, Yurgelun-Todd D, Sheth C. Acute and chronic neuropsychiatric symptoms in novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients: A qualitative review. Front Public Health 2022; 10:772335. [PMID: 36033820 PMCID: PMC9404694 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.772335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11th, 2020. It has had unprecedented adverse effects on healthcare systems, economies, and societies globally. SARS-CoV-2 is not only a threat to physical health but has also been shown to have a severe impact on neuropsychiatric health. Many studies and case reports across countries have demonstrated insomnia, depressed mood, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and cognitive change in COVID-19 patients during the acute phase of the infection, as well as in apparently recovered COVID-19 patients. The goal of this narrative review is to synthesize and summarize the emerging literature detailing the neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 with special emphasis on the long-term implications of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calen J. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Perry Renshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA VISN 19 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Deborah Yurgelun-Todd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA VISN 19 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Chandni Sheth
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Diagnostic Neuroimaging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Fang S, Ju D, Lin Y, Chen W. The role of interleukin-22 in lung health and its therapeutic potential for COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:951107. [PMID: 35967401 PMCID: PMC9364265 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.951107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although numerous clinical trials have been implemented, an absolutely effective treatment against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still elusive. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) has attracted great interest over recent years, making it one of the best-studied cytokines of the interleukin-10 (IL-10) family. Unlike most interleukins, the major impact of IL-22 is exclusively on fibroblasts and epithelial cells due to the restricted expression of receptor. Numerous studies have suggested that IL-22 plays a crucial role in anti-viral infections through significantly ameliorating the immune cell-mediated inflammatory responses, and reducing tissue injury as well as further promoting epithelial repair and regeneration. Herein, we pay special attention to the role of IL-22 in the lungs. We summarize the latest progress in our understanding of IL-22 in lung health and disease and further discuss maneuvering this cytokine as potential immunotherapeutic strategy for the effective manage of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Fang
- Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems & Jingan District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems & Jingan District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems & Jingan District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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Microbial Natural Products with Antiviral Activities, Including Anti-SARS-CoV-2: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134305. [PMID: 35807550 PMCID: PMC9268554 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which caused the COVID-19 infection, was discovered two and a half years ago. It caused a global pandemic, resulting in millions of deaths and substantial damage to the worldwide economy. Currently, only a few vaccines and antiviral drugs are available to combat SARS-CoV-2. However, there has been an increase in virus-related research, including exploring new drugs and their repurposing. Since discovering penicillin, natural products, particularly those derived from microbes, have been viewed as an abundant source of lead compounds for drug discovery. These compounds treat bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral infections. This review incorporates evidence from the available research publications on isolated and identified natural products derived from microbes with anti-hepatitis, anti-herpes simplex, anti-HIV, anti-influenza, anti-respiratory syncytial virus, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties. About 131 compounds with in vitro antiviral activity and 1 compound with both in vitro and in vivo activity have been isolated from microorganisms, and the mechanism of action for some of these compounds has been described. Recent reports have shown that natural products produced by the microbes, such as aurasperone A, neochinulin A and B, and aspulvinone D, M, and R, have potent in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, targeting the main protease (Mpro). In the near and distant future, these molecules could be used to develop antiviral drugs for treating infections and preventing the spread of disease.
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Onen-Dumlu Z, Harper AL, Forte PG, Powell AL, Pitt M, Vasilakis C, Wood RM. Optimising the balance of acute and intermediate care capacity for the complex discharge pathway: Computer modelling study during COVID-19 recovery in England. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268837. [PMID: 35671273 PMCID: PMC9173611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives While there has been significant research on the pressures facing acute hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been less interest in downstream community services which have also been challenged in meeting demand. This study aimed to estimate the theoretical cost-optimal capacity requirement for ‘step down’ intermediate care services within a major healthcare system in England, at a time when considerable uncertainty remained regarding vaccination uptake and the easing of societal restrictions. Methods Demand for intermediate care was projected using an epidemiological model (for COVID-19 demand) and regressing upon public mobility (for non-COVID-19 demand). These were inputted to a computer simulation model of patient flow from acute discharge readiness to bedded and home-based Discharge to Assess (D2A) intermediate care services. Cost-optimal capacity was defined as that which yielded the lowest total cost of intermediate care provision and corresponding acute discharge delays. Results Increased intermediate care capacity is likely to bring about lower system-level costs, with the additional D2A investment more than offset by substantial reductions in costly acute discharge delays (leading also to improved patient outcome and experience). Results suggest that completely eliminating acute ‘bed blocking’ is unlikely economical (requiring large amounts of downstream capacity), and that health systems should instead target an appropriate tolerance based upon the specific characteristics of the pathway. Conclusions Computer modelling can be a valuable asset for determining optimal capacity allocation along the complex care pathway. With results supporting a Business Case for increased downstream capacity, this study demonstrates how modelling can be applied in practice and provides a blueprint for use alongside the freely-available model code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Onen-Dumlu
- School of Management, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Health Data Research UK, South West Better Care Partnership, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alison L. Harper
- Health Data Research UK, South West Better Care Partnership, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G. Forte
- Health Data Research UK, South West Better Care Partnership, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Modelling and Analytics, UK National Health Service (BNSSG CCG), Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anna L. Powell
- Modelling and Analytics, UK National Health Service (BNSSG CCG), Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Pitt
- Health Data Research UK, South West Better Care Partnership, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Vasilakis
- School of Management, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Health Data Research UK, South West Better Care Partnership, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Wood
- School of Management, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Health Data Research UK, South West Better Care Partnership, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Modelling and Analytics, UK National Health Service (BNSSG CCG), Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Widiawaty MA, Lam KC, Dede M, Asnawi NH. Spatial differentiation and determinants of COVID-19 in Indonesia. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1030. [PMID: 35606710 PMCID: PMC9125018 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has increasingly agonized daily lives worldwide. As an archipelagic country, Indonesia has various physical and social environments, which implies that each region has a different response to the pandemic. This study aims to analyze the spatial differentiation of COVID-19 in Indonesia and its interactions with socioenvironmental factors. Methods The socioenvironmental factors include seven variables, namely, the internet development index, literacy index, average temperature, urban index, poverty rate, population density (PD) and commuter worker (CW) rate. The multiple linear regression (MLR) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models are used to analyze the impact of the socioenvironmental factors on COVID-19 cases. COVID-19 data is obtained from the Indonesian Ministry of Health until November 30th 2020. Results Results show that the COVID-19 cases in Indonesia are concentrated in Java, which is a densely populated area with high urbanization and industrialization. The other provinces with numerous confirmed COVID-19 cases include South Sulawesi, Bali, and North Sumatra. This study shows that the socioenvironmental factors, simultaneously, influence the increasing of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the 34 provinces of Indonesia. Spatial interactions between the variables in the GWR model are relatively better than those between the variables in the MLR model. The highest spatial tendency is observed outside Java, such as in East Nusa Tenggara, West Nusa Tenggara, and Bali. Conclusion Priority for mitigation and outbreak management should be high in areas with high PD, urbanized spaces, and CW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millary Agung Widiawaty
- Faculty of Social Sciences Education (FPIPS), Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jln. Dr. Setiabudho no. 299, Bandung City, West Java, 40154, Indonesia.,National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Jln. Kuningan Barat, Mampang Prapatan, Jakarta, 12710, Indonesia
| | - Kuok Choy Lam
- Geography Program, Centre for Research in Development, Social and Environment, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Moh Dede
- National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Jln. Kuningan Barat, Mampang Prapatan, Jakarta, 12710, Indonesia.,Center for Environment and Sustainability Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung City, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Nur Hakimah Asnawi
- Geography Program, Centre for Research in Development, Social and Environment, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
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Abas AH, Tallei TE, Fatimawali F, Celik I, Alhumaydhi FA, Emran TB, Dhama K, Rabaan AA, Garout MA, Halwani MA, Al Mutair A, Alhumaid S, Harapan H. 4’-fluorouridine and its derivatives as potential COVID-19 oral drugs: a review. F1000Res 2022; 11:410. [DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.109701.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although vaccination is underway, antiviral drugs against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are lacking. Remdesivir, a nucleoside analog that works by inhibiting the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), is the only fully approved antiviral for the treatment of COVID-19. However, it is limited to intravenous use and is usually recommended only for hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19; therefore, oral drugs that can be prescribed even to non-hospitalized patients are required. According to a recent study, 4′-fluoruridine, a nucleoside analog similar to remdesivir, is a promising candidate for COVID-19 oral therapy due to its ability to stall viral RdRp. Methods: We examined the antiviral activity of 4′-fluorouridine and compared it to other drugs currently in development. The current literature on 4′-fluorouridine's antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been compiled and discussed in this review. Results: The 4'-fluorouridine has antiviral activity against the respiratory syncytial virus, hepatitis C virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, and other RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. In vitro studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 is susceptible to 4'-fluorouridine, with the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 0.2 to 0.6 M, and that the 4′-fluorouridine derivative, 4′-fluorouridine-5′-triphosphate, inhibited RdRp via a mechanism distinct from that of the already approved COVID-19 oral drug, molnupiravir. In addition, an in vivo study revealed that SARS-CoV-2 is highly susceptible to 4'-fluorouridine and was effective with a single daily dose versus molnupiravir administered twice daily. Conclusions: Concerns about the genetic effects of molnupiravir may be resolved by the use of 4′-fluorouridine and its derivative, which, unlike molnupiravir, do not alter genetics, but inhibit RdRp instead. Although they are currently considered as strong candidates, further studies are required to determine the antiviral activity of 4′-fluorouridine and its derivative against SARS-CoV-2 and their genetic effects on humans.
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Lestari W, Hasballah K, Listiawan MY, Sofia S. Coffee by-products as the source of antioxidants: a systematic review. F1000Res 2022; 11:220. [PMID: 35646331 PMCID: PMC9123331 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.107811.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Solid waste from coffee depulping process threatens the organism in environment as it produces organic pollutants. Evidence suggested that coffee by-product could valorize owing to its potential as antioxidant sources. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate antioxidant activity of coffee by-products obtained from different coffee variants (arabica and robusta) and processing methods. Methods: The systematic review was conducted as of May 29, 2021 for records published within the last ten years (2011–2021) using seven databases: Embase, Medline, BMJ, Web of Science, Science Direct, Cochrane, and PubMed. Data on type of specimen, processing methods, and antioxidant activities were collected based on PRISMA guidelines. Results: Our data suggested that aqueous extract was found to be the most common processing method used to obtain the antioxidant from various coffee by-products, followed by methanol and ethanol extract. A variety of antioxidant properties ranging from strong to low activity was found depending on the variety, type of coffee by-products (cascara, pulp, husk, silverskin, and parchment), and processing technique. Fermentation employing proper bacteria was found effective in improving the yield of bioactive compounds resulting in higher antioxidant capacity. Applications in feedstuffs, foods, beverages, and topical formulation are among the potential utilization of coffee by-products. Conclusion: Coffee by-products contain bioactive compounds possessing antioxidant properties which could be used as additives in foods, beverages, and cosmetics. In particular, their benefits in skin care products require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahyu Lestari
- Postgraduate Program, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Dermatology, Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital, Banda Aceh, 24415, Indonesia
| | - Kartini Hasballah
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - M. Yulianto Listiawan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, 60131, Indonesia
| | - Sofia Sofia
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Master of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
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Syahrul S, Imran I, Musadir N, Mutiawati VK. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection is Associated with Homocysteine Level and Clinical Outcomes in Ischemic Stroke Patients. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Since its emergence in December 2019 and declared as pandemic in March 2020, the drastic increase in cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is alarming the importance of disease monitoring in order to prevent further complication, like ischemic stroke. One of the efforts is utilizing biomarker. For instance, elevated homocysteine level, already known risk factor of ischemic stroke, is currently identified in COVID-19 patients.
AIM: To assess factor associated with homocysteine level and clinical outcomes of ischemic stroke patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital di Indonesia between March and August 2021. Ischemic stroke patients who had physical and neurology examinations, SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR swab, chest x-ray, electrocardiography, head CT-scan and the total homocysteine level were included. To assess the factors associated with homocysteine level and the outcomes of ischemic stroke patients, the independent Student t-test or Anova and chi-squared were used, respectively.
RESULTS: We included 62 ischemic stroke patients of which 32 (51.6%) were male and the age ranged between 30 and 80 years. Out of total, 60 patients (96.8%) were survived after the hospital admission. There was a significant association between gender and having COVID-19 with homocysteine level (p=0.012 and p=0.020, respectively). Having COVID-19 was the only variable significantly associated with the outcome of the ischemic stroke patient (p=0.035).
CONCLUSION: COVID-19 is associated with homocysteine level and the clinical outcome in ischemic stroke patients. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 infection in ischemic stroke or vice versa need to be monitored closely in hospital settings.
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Buchari B, Andayani H, Putri NA. Association Between Lymphocyte Level and Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients: A Cross-sectional Study in Indonesia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant health problems globally. COVID-19 should be considered a systemic disease since it involves multiple systems, including the hematopoietic system and the immune system.
AIM: This study sought to determine the relationship between the lymphocyte levels and the severity of COVID-19 patients in Indonesia.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among COVID-19 patients at Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital Banda Aceh Indonesia from August 27, to September 20, 2021. The subjects were recruited using consecutive sampling method and the data were obtained at their admission to the hospital. Chi-squared test was used to assess the association between lymphocyte levels and the severity of patients.
RESULTS: A total of 280 COVID-19 patients included of which 56.9% (91/160) of the patients with moderate severity, 76.1% (51/67) with a severe condition, and 84.9% (45/53) with critical severity had lymphopenia. There were no patients with lymphocytosis found in this study (0%). The Chi-squared test suggested that the lymphocyte level was significant associated with the severity of COVID-19 patients with p < 0.001.
CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that the lower the lymphocyte level, the higher the severity of COVID-19 patients. The level of lymphocyte is therefore potentially to be used as predictor for the disease severity and needs to be monitored regularly in COVID-19 patients.
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Alemayehu A, Yusuf M, Demissie A, Abdullahi Y. Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake and barriers to being vaccinated among first-round eligibles for COVID-19 vaccination in Eastern Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221077585. [PMID: 35154745 PMCID: PMC8832626 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221077585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Coronavirus disease is a deadly virus that continues to afflict many countries worldwide. Ethiopia has planned to give vaccines to 20% of the population by March 2022. This study aimed to assess determinants of vaccine uptake and barriers to being vaccinated among first-round eligibles for coronavirus disease vaccination in Harar, eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 820 randomly selected coronavirus disease first-round eligible groups in Harar from August 20 to September 15, 2021. Descriptive summary statistics were done. Logistic regression analyses were computed to identify associations between dependent and independent variables. Variables with a p value of <0.05 were declared statistically significant. Result: Out of 820, only 39.4% of participants took the coronavirus disease vaccine. The main barriers to being vaccinated were, belief vaccine has no use (24%), and belief vaccine causes blood clots (17.9%). Being a merchant (adjusted odds ratio: 7.9, 95% confidence interval: 2.6, 24), people who had no schooling (adjusted odds ratio: 2.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.3, 4.9), having attitude below the mean score (adjusted odds ratio: 2.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.4, 2.8), having coronavirus disease prevention practice above the mean score (adjusted odds ratio: 2.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.4, 2.8), and family size < 5 members (adjusted odds ratio: 0.64, 95% confidence interval: 0.4, 0.9) were found to be significantly associated with coronavirus disease vaccination. Conclusion: Overall, coronavirus disease-19’s first-round vaccination status was low. The number of people vaccinated was higher among 50–60 age groups than those who are >60 years. Being female, being a person with no schooling, being a merchant, being a farmer, and having low coronavirus disease prevention practice was found to be significantly associated with coronavirus disease vaccination. We recommend that the Federal Ministry of Health, Harari Regional Health Bureau, and other concerned stakeholders should work more diligently to provide continued campaigning on coronavirus disease vaccination and better vaccine awareness creation, as this is the only way out of this epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astawus Alemayehu
- Department of Public Health, Harar Health Science College, Harar, Ethiopia.,Department of Nursing, Rift Valley University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Yusuf
- Department of Nursing, Rift Valley University, Harar, Ethiopia.,Department of Nursing, Harar Health Science College, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abebaw Demissie
- Department of Nursing, Rift Valley University, Harar, Ethiopia.,Department of Anesthesia, Harar Health Science College, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yasin Abdullahi
- Department of Management, Harar Health Science College, Harar, Ethiopia
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Saminan S, Julisafrida L, Ridwan M, Fajri N. COVID-19 Pandemic: What Considerations Should Be Taken during the Assessment and Management of COPD Exacerbation? Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.7930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The on-going coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic could contribute to higher mortality in population with underlying respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this review was to inform readers pertaining to the correlation of COPD exacerbation and severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection along with considerations that could be taken in the clinical diagnosis and management. The literature search was conducted on Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed databases using related terms (such as, but not limited to, “COVID-19,” “SARS-CoV-2,” “COPD management,” “N-acetylcysteine,” and “corticosteroids”) on November 1–9, 2021. Recent studies suggest that COVID-19 and COPD are correlated through three pathways, namely, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression, dysregulation of biological parameters, and occurrence of pneumonia. Early detection of COVID-19 in patients with underlying COPD is difficult because they share similar symptoms, attributed to advanced progression of the infection and subsequently deteriorates lung function. During COPD management, clinicians are expected to take consideration on the effect of systemic corticosteroids if patients develop COVID-19. In conclusion, COVID-19 and COPD and its management are potentially correlated, contributing to the worsening of the disease. There is a need of immediate research to reveal the true correlation between COVID-19 and COPD to improve the management.
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Yong SJ, Liu S. Proposed subtypes of post-COVID-19 syndrome (or long-COVID) and their respective potential therapies. Rev Med Virol 2021; 32:e2315. [PMID: 34888989 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a highly transmissible infectious respiratory disease that has initiated an ongoing pandemic since early 2020, do not always end in the acute phase. Depending on the study referred, about 10%-30% (or more) of COVID-19 survivors may develop long-COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS), characterised by persistent symptoms (most commonly fatigue, dyspnoea, and cognitive impairments) lasting for 3 months or more after acute COVID-19. While the pathophysiological mechanisms of PCS have been extensively described elsewhere, the subtypes of PCS have not. Owing to its highly multifaceted nature, this review proposes and characterises six subtypes of PCS based on the existing literature. The subtypes are non-severe COVID-19 multi-organ sequelae (NSC-MOS), pulmonary fibrosis sequelae (PFS), myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) and medical or clinical sequelae (MCS). Original studies supporting each of these subtypes are documented in this review, as well as their respective symptoms and potential interventions. Ultimately, the subtyping proposed herein aims to provide better clarity on the current understanding of PCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Jie Yong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shiliang Liu
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Heriyanto RS, Kurniawan A, Wijovi F, Halim DA, Jodhinata C, Marcella E, Susanto B, Wibowo J, Indrawan M, Heryadi NK, Imanuelly M, Anurantha JJ, Hariyanto TI, Marcellin C, Sinaga TD, Rizki SA, Sieto N, Siregar JI, Lugito NPH. The role of COVID-19 survivor status and gender towards neutralizing antibody titers 1, 2, 3 months after Sinovac vaccine administration on clinical-year medical students in Indonesia. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 113:336-338. [PMID: 34653654 PMCID: PMC8507582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sinovac was the first vaccine used in Indonesia against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, data regarding the effects of certain variables such as clinical demographics on antibody levels in individuals vaccinated with Sinovac are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the impact of gender and previous SARS-CoV-2 infection status on neutralizing antibody titers 1, 2, and 3 months after administration of the Sinovac vaccine. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2021. Data on neutralizing antibody levels, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection status, and gender were retrieved from the monthly quantitative serology evaluation database of Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village, Tangerang, Indonesia. The role of each variable was analyzed using the t-test or Mann-Whitney U test, depending on data distribution. RESULT Data from 350 participants were collected for the study. Participants with a history of a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test had significantly higher neutralizing antibody titers in the first (144 U/mL, p = 0.036) and second months (144 U/mL, p = 0.005) after vaccination compared with those without a history of positive RT-PCR test. Female participants also had significantly higher neutralizing antibody titers in the first, second, and third months (43 U/mL, 42 U/mL, and 39 U/mL, respectively; p = 0.001, p = 0.002, and p = 0.003, respectively) after vaccination compared to males. CONCLUSION COVID-19 survivor status and the female gender were associated with higher neutralizing antibody titers after Sinovac vaccine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rivaldo Steven Heriyanto
- Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Boulevard Jendral Sudirman street, Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Andree Kurniawan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Boulevard Jendral Sudirman street, Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia,Corresponding author: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Boulevard Jendral Sudirman street, Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia 15811. Tel.: +628158891655
| | - Felix Wijovi
- Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Boulevard Jendral Sudirman street, Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Devina Adella Halim
- Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Boulevard Jendral Sudirman street, Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Claudia Jodhinata
- Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Boulevard Jendral Sudirman street, Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Elizabeth Marcella
- Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Boulevard Jendral Sudirman street, Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Billy Susanto
- Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Boulevard Jendral Sudirman street, Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Johan Wibowo
- Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Boulevard Jendral Sudirman street, Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Michele Indrawan
- Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Boulevard Jendral Sudirman street, Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Nadia Khoirunnisa Heryadi
- Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Boulevard Jendral Sudirman street, Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Michelle Imanuelly
- Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Boulevard Jendral Sudirman street, Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Jonathan Juniard Anurantha
- Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Boulevard Jendral Sudirman street, Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Timotius Ivan Hariyanto
- Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Boulevard Jendral Sudirman street, Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Chintya Marcellin
- Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Boulevard Jendral Sudirman street, Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Terry Devita Sinaga
- Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Boulevard Jendral Sudirman street, Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Saraswati Anindita Rizki
- Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Boulevard Jendral Sudirman street, Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Novia Sieto
- Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Boulevard Jendral Sudirman street, Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Jeremia Immanuel Siregar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Boulevard Jendral Sudirman street, Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Nata Pratama Hardjo Lugito
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Boulevard Jendral Sudirman street, Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia
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Thanapluetiwong S, Chansirikarnjana S, Sriwannopas O, Assavapokee T, Ittasakul P. Factors associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Thai Seniors. Patient Prefer Adherence 2021; 15:2389-2403. [PMID: 34754180 PMCID: PMC8568699 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s334757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Older people are the most vulnerable group for developing SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reduces infection, hospitalization, and mortality rates, some older people have refused to get vaccinated. Our study aimed to evaluate factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Thai seniors. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional telephone survey on vaccine hesitancy in a geriatric clinic at Ramathibodi Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand. Patients aged ≥60 years were contacted and interviewed by trained interviewers between June 20 and July 25, 2021. RESULTS In total, we interviewed 282 participants aged 60-93 years (mean age 73.0±7.5 years). We found that 44.3% of participants were hesitant to get a COVID-19 vaccination. Factors associated with high vaccine hesitancy were low education, lack of confidence in the healthcare system's ability to treat patients with COVID-19, vaccine manufacturers, being offered a vaccine from an unexpected manufacturer, and a low number of new COVID-19 cases per day. CONCLUSION The prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Thai seniors is relatively high, and is associated with specific factors. These findings will help in promoting COVID-19 vaccination among Thailand's senior citizens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saran Thanapluetiwong
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirintorn Chansirikarnjana
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orapitchaya Sriwannopas
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Taweevat Assavapokee
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pichai Ittasakul
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Harapan H, Fajar JK, Supriono S, Soegiarto G, Wulandari L, Seratin F, Prayudi NG, Dewi DP, Monica Elsina MT, Atamou L, Wiranata S, Aprianto DP, Friska E, Sari Firdaus DF, Alaidin M, Wardhani FA, Husnah M, Hidayati NW, Hendriyanti Y, Wardani K, Evatta A, Manugan RA, Pradipto W, Rahmawati A, Tamara F, Mahendra AI, Nainu F, Santoso B, Irawan Primasatya CA, Tjionganata N, Budiman HA. The prevalence, predictors and outcomes of acute liver injury among patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Med Virol 2021; 32:e2304. [PMID: 34643006 PMCID: PMC8646502 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The data on the predictors and prognosis of acute liver injury (ALI) among patients in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, predictors and outcomes of ALI among patients with COVID‐19. A systematic review was conducted up to 10 June 2021. The relevant papers were searched from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science, and the data were analysed using a Z test. A total of 1331 papers were identified and 16 papers consisting of 1254 COVID‐19 with ALI and 4999 COVID‐19 without ALI were analysed. The cumulative prevalence of ALI among patients with COVID‐19 was 22.8%. Male and having low lymphocyte levels were more likely to be associated with ALI compared with female and having higher lymphocyte level, odds ratio (OR): 2.70; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.03, 3.60 and mean difference (MD) −125; 95% CI: −207, −43, respectively. COVID‐19 patients with ALI had higher risk of developing severe COVID‐19 compared with those without ALI (OR: 3.61; 95% CI: 2.60, 5.02). Our findings may serve as the additional evaluation for the management of ALI in COVID‐19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.,Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Jonny Karunia Fajar
- Brawijaya Internal Medicine Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Supriono Supriono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastro-Entero-Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Gatot Soegiarto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Immunology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Laksmi Wulandari
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Fiha Seratin
- Department of Paediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Nyoman Gede Prayudi
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Lasarus Atamou
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Sinta Wiranata
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | | | - Erlin Friska
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | | | - Makdum Alaidin
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
| | | | - Milda Husnah
- Master Program of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | | | - Yeni Hendriyanti
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kristia Wardani
- Brawijaya Internal Medicine Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Arde Evatta
- Brawijaya Internal Medicine Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Reizal Audi Manugan
- Brawijaya Internal Medicine Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Wiryawan Pradipto
- Brawijaya Internal Medicine Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Ade Rahmawati
- Brawijaya Internal Medicine Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Fredo Tamara
- Brawijaya Internal Medicine Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Aditya Indra Mahendra
- Brawijaya Internal Medicine Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Budi Santoso
- Department of Internal Medicine, RSUD Bangil, Pasuruan, Indonesia
| | | | - Nindy Tjionganata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Low ZY, Wen Yip AJ, Chow VTK, Lal SK. The Suppressor of Cytokine Signalling family of proteins and their potential impact on COVID-19 disease progression. Rev Med Virol 2021; 32:e2300. [PMID: 34546610 PMCID: PMC8646547 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The family of Suppressor of Cytokine Signalling (SOCS) proteins plays pivotal roles in cytokine and immune regulation. Despite their key roles, little attention has been given to the SOCS family as compared to other feedback regulators. To date, SOCS proteins have been found to be exploited by viruses such as herpes simplex virus (HSV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Zika virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Ebola virus, influenza A virus (IAV) and SARS-CoV, just to name a few. The hijacking and subsequent upregulation of the SOCS proteins upon viral infection, suppress the associated JAK-STAT signalling activities, thereby reducing the host antiviral response and promoting viral replication. Two SOCS protein family members, SOCS1 and SOCS3 are well-studied and their roles in the JAK-STAT signalling pathway are defined as attenuating interferon (IFN) signalling upon viral infection. The upregulation of SOCS protein by SARS-CoV during the early stages of infection implies strong similarity with SARS-CoV-2, given their closely related genomic organisation. Thus, this review aims to outline the plausibility of SOCS protein inhibitors as a potential therapeutic regimen for COVID-19 patients. We also discuss the antagonists against SOCS protein to offer an overview on the previous 'successes' of SOCS protein inhibition in various viral infections that may portray possible clues for COVID-19 disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yao Low
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Vincent T K Chow
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sunil K Lal
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.,Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
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