MicroRNAs 143 and 145 may be involved in benign prostatic hyperplasia pathogenesis through regulation of target genes and proteins. Int J Biol Markers. 2014;29:e246-e252. [PMID: 24474452 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000069]

PIM1 alleviated liver oxidative stress and NAFLD by regulating the NRF2/HO-1/NQO1 pathway

AIMS

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has risen as a significant global public health issue, for which vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) has become an effective treatment method. The study sought to elucidate the processes through which PIM1 mitigates the advancement of NAFLD. The Pro-viral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1 (PIM1) functions as a serine/threonine kinase. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that reduced PIM1 expression in NAFLD.

METHODS

To further prove the role of PIM1 in NAFLD, an in-depth in vivo experiment was performed, in which male C57BL/6 mice were randomly grouped to receive a normal or high-fat diet for 24 weeks. They were operated or delivered the loaded adeno-associated virus which the PIM1 was overexpressed (AAV-PIM1). In an in vitro experiment, AML12 cells were treated with palmitic acid to induce hepatic steatosis.

KEY FINDINGS

The results revealed that the VSG surgery and virus delivery of mice alleviated oxidative stress, and apoptosis in vivo. For AML12 cells, the levels of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and lipid metabolism were reduced via PIM1 upregulation. Moreover, ML385 treatment resulted in the downregulation of the NRF2/HO-1/NQO1 signaling cascade, indicating that PIM1 mitigates NAFLD by targeting this pathway.

SIGNIFICANCE

PIM1 alleviated mice liver oxidative stress and NAFLD induced by high-fat diet by regulating the NRF2/HO-1/NQO1 signaling Pathway.

Additional activation of the AR gene may be involved in the development of the castration resistance phenotype in prostate cancer

INTRODUCTION

Several studies have already shown that changes in the AR gene may be associated with a more aggressive disease phenotype and even castration-resistant prostate cancer. Thus, we investigated cytogenetic and molecular alterations linked to AR.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

To evaluate AR methylation, we performed a cytogenetic-molecular analysis using fluorescence in situ hybridization that uses specific probes for the AR gene (Xq11.12) and the X chromosome centromere. For AR activity, we performed a qualitative analysis of human androgen receptor activity. To analyze the expression of AR in PC3 and LNCaP cell lines, we used qPCR assays.

RESULTS

In the qPCR assay, we found downregulation of AR in the PC3 cell line compared with the LNCaP. We found the presence of X chromosome polysomy in PC-3 and LNCaP cell lines by FISH assay. In the HUMARA-Q assay, we found two X chromosomes/cell and the activity of both AR in the PC-3 cell line. In LNCaP cells, we found two X chromosomes/cell and methylation of only one AR.

CONCLUSION

Castration-resistant prostate cancer phenotype represents a significant challenge in the setting of urological management. The X chromosomes and AR-linked alterations may contribute to a better understanding of the disease. However, further studies should be performed in an attempt to elucidate as much as possible the role of AR in the castration-resistant prostate cancer phenotype.

Effects of the Wenyang Zhenshuai Granule on the Expression of LncRNA-MiR143HG/miR-143 Regulating ERK5 in H9C2 Cardiomyocytes

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a complex clinical syndrome caused by a variety of heart problems, with a high incidence. The 5-year survival rate of patients with clinical symptoms is similar to that of malignant tumors. Wenyang Zhenshuai granules are a safe and effective granule of traditional Chinese medicine components, including aconite, dried ginger, licorice, and red ginseng. In contemporary clinical applications, it is widely used in acute and chronic heart insufficiency, coronary heart disease, and arrhythmia. This research cultured H9C2 cardiomyocytes and divided them into the normal control group, LncRNA-MiR143HG overexpression group, LncRNA-MiR143HG silence group, Adriamycin (ADR) group, ADR + medicated serum group, ADR + LncRNA-MiR143HG overexpression + medicated serogroup, and ADR + LncRNA-MiR143HG silence + medicated serogroup. The cells of each group were treated differently, and the survival rate of each group of cells and the expression levels of LncRNA-MiR143HG/miR-143 and ERK5 were detected at the end of the experiment, and the expression of LncRNA-MiR143HG/miR-143 in H9C2 cardiomyocytes was regulated by Wenyang Zhenshuai granules' impact. The results of this study showed that, in the doxorubicin-induced H9C2 cardiomyocyte injury model, the expression of miR-143 was upregulated, and the expression of LncRNA-MiR143HG and ERK5 was significantly downregulated. Wenyang Zhenshuai granules can downregulate the expression of miR-143 to promote ERK5 protein expression and phosphorylation. The process is regulated by LncRNA-MiR143HG/miR-143, which may be one of its important mechanisms for the treatment of chronic heart failure.

The miR-223-3p/MAP1B axis aggravates TGF-β-induced proliferation and migration of BPH-1 cells

Uncontrolled proliferation and migration of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) epithelial cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of BPH. The regulatory roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in multiple human diseases have been observed. This study was dedicated to investigating the regulatory effects of the miR-223-3p on the proliferation and migration of BPH progress. In the present study, the aberrant upregulation of miR-223-3p in BPH samples and BPH-1 cells was determined. TGF-β stimulation induced miR-223-3p expression, promoted BPH-1 cell viability and DNA synthesis, inhibited BPH-1 cell apoptosis, and decreased pro-apoptotic Bax/caspase 3. These changes induced by TGF-β stimulation were further enhanced the overexpression of miR-223-3p and attenuated via the inhibition of miR-223-3p. Under TGF-β stimulation, the overexpression of miR-223-3p enhanced, whereas the inhibition of miR-223-3p inhibited the EMT and MAPK signaling pathways. By targeting the MAP1B 3'UTR, miR-223-3p repressed MAP1B expression. In contrast to miR-223-3p overexpression, MAP1B overexpression attenuated TGF-β-induced changes in BPH-1 cell phenotypes, pro-apoptotic Bax/caspase 3, and the EMT and MAPK signaling pathways; more importantly, MAP1B overexpression significantly attenuated the roles of miR-223-3p overexpression in BPH-1 cell phenotypes, pro-apoptotic Bax/caspase 3, and the EMT and MAPK signaling pathways under TGF-β stimulation. In conclusion, miR-223-3p aggravates the uncontrolled proliferation and migration of BPH-1 cells through targeting MAP1B. The EMT and MAPK signaling pathways might be involved.

The pathological growth of the prostate gland in atherogenic contexts

The human prostate is an androgen-dependent gland where an imbalance in cell proliferation can lead to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), which results in voiding lower urinary tract symptoms in the elderly. In the last decades, novel evidence has suggested that BPH might represent an element into the wide spectrum of disorders conforming the Metabolic Syndrome (MS). The dyslipidemic state and the other atherogenic factors of the MS have been shown to induce, maintain and/or aggravate the pathological growth of different organs, with data regarding the prostate being still limited. We here review the available epidemiological and experimental studies about the association of BPH with dyslipidemias. In particular, we have focused on Oxidized Low-Density Lipoproteins (OxLDL) as a potential trigger for vascular disease and cellular proliferation in atherogenic contexts, analyzing their putative molecular mechanisms, including the induction of specific extracellular vesicles (EVs)-derived miRNAs. In addition to the epidemiological evidence, OxLDL is proposed to play a fundamental role in the upregulation of prostatic cell proliferation by activating the Rho/Akt/p27^Kip1 pathway in atherogenic contexts. miR-21, miR-141, miR-143, miR-145, miR-155, and miR-221 would be involved in the transcription of genes related to the proliferative process. Although much remains to be investigated regarding the impact of OxLDL, its receptors, and molecular mechanisms on the prostate, it is clear that EVs and miRNAs represent a promising target for proliferative pathologies of the prostate gland.

MiR-195 suppression alleviates apoptosis and oxidative stress in CCl4-induced ALI in mice by targeting Pim-1

BACKGROUND

Acute liver injury (ALI) is associated with the oxidative stress and apoptosis in liver. Recent studies have shown that miR-195, a critical member of miR-15 family, has modulated the apoptosis in various organic diseases. However, it is elusive whether miR-195 regulation exert a hepatic ameliorative effect on ALI by the suppression of apoptosis and oxidative stress levels. We aimed to explore the regulated role of miR-195 in acute liver injury via the current study.

METHODS

C57BL/6 J mice (male, seven-week, 18-20 g) were administrated intraperitoneal injection with tetrachloromethane (CCl₄) to induce ALI. miR-195 inhibitor or mimics loaded in lentivirus vectors (miR-195 INH or MMC) and Pim-1 loaded in Adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV-Pim-1) were respectively delivered into mouse tail intravenous to establish silence or overexpression of miR-195 and overexpression of Pim-1. Western blotting, Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining were conducted to measure miR-195 and Pim-1 expression, apoptosis and oxidative stress levels, histological and functional change.

RESULTS

We found that the expression of miR-195 markedly increased in CCl4-induced ALI. Besides, we demonstrated that the silence of miR-195 attenuated the apoptosis and oxidative stress via up-regulating Pim-1 in CCl4-induced ALI. Moreover, the inhibition of miR-195 protected the integrity and function of liver tissue.

CONCLUSIONS

The above results showed that the suppression of miR-195 ameliorated ALI through inhibiting apoptosis and oxidative stress via targeting Pim-1. Our research provided a novel scheme that the miR-195 modulation in process of ALI may be an effective therapy method and verifies a promising target for diagnostic and therapeutic strategy of miRNAs.

Regulation of microRNAs by rape bee pollen on benign prostate hyperplasia in rats

The miRNAs are dysregulated in BPH. Rape bee pollen (RBP) is used to improve benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Whether RBP treats BPH by regulating the dysregulated miRNAs remains unclear. Here, we identified miRNAs regulated along with the improvement of BPH by RBP in posterior lobes of prostate in rats. Firstly, to screened miRNAs might relate to improvement of BPH by RBP, we compared differentially expressed miRNAs between BPH model group and RBP group by high-throughput sequencing. As a result, 10 known miRNAs and 17 novel miRNA were up-regulated in RBP group, and 6 known and 13 novel miRNAs were down-regulated. Secondly, among the known miRNAs, we identified those that might relate to BPH by RT-qPCR, while only rno-miR-184 was screened, so we compared it among normal control group, BPH model group and RBP group. The results showed that rno-miR-184 was significantly lower expressed in BPH group, but up-regulated along with the improvement of BPH by RBP. Moreover, expression level of rno-miR-184 was no difference between RBP group and normal control level. Therefore, we considered that RBP might improve BPH through regulating expression of miRNAs like rno-miR-184 in prostate in rats.

MicroRNA expression profiles in benign prostatic hyperplasia

Although alterations in microRNA (miRNA) expression have been previously investigated prostate cancer, the expression of miRNAs specifically in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) of the prostatic stroma remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, miRNAs and gene expression profiles were investigated using microarray analysis and reverse transcription quantitative‑polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) in BPH tissue to clarify the associations between miRNA expression and target genes. Prostate tissue samples from five patients with BPH and five healthy men were analyzed using human Affymetrix miRNA and mRNA microarrays and differentially expressed miRNAs were validated using RT‑qPCR with 30 BPH and 5 healthy control samples. A total of 8 miRNAs, including miRNA (miR)‑96‑5p, miR‑1271‑5p, miR‑21‑3p, miR‑96‑5p, miR‑181a‑5p, miR‑143‑3p, miR‑4428 and miR‑106a‑5p were upregulated and 8 miRNAs (miR‑16‑5p, miR‑19b‑5p, miR‑940, miR‑25, miR‑486‑3p, miR‑30a‑3p, let‑7c and miR‑191) were downregulated. Additionally, miR‑96‑5p was demonstrated to have an inhibitory effect on the mRNA expression levels of the following genes: Mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR), RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2, syntaxin 10, autophagy‑related protein 9A, zinc finger E‑box binding homeobox 1, caspase 2 and protein kinase c ε. Additionally, 16 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified using RT‑qPCR analysis. This preliminary study provides a solid basis for a further functional study to investigate the underlying regulatory mechanisms of BPH.

MiRNA in bladder carcinogenesis: A review

Bladder cancer (BC) is the second urological malignancy in incidence, currently being one of the most neoplasms studied with profile and biology poorly defined. In the world, BC is responsible by about 386000 new cases and 150000 deaths annually with considerable economic impact and high costs for health systems. After its discovery more than 20 years, micro RNAs (miRNAs) have been recognized as molecules that work specifically in post-transcriptional control in majority of eukaryote genomes. MiRNAs are a family of small non-coding RNAs of 19-25 nucleotides in length, expressed in a wide variety of organisms, comprising plants, worms and mammals, including humans. They have a fundamental role in physiological and pathological processes in organs and tissues in a context-dependent manner. This review brings new roles of protective and oncogenic miRNAs linked to carcinogenesis of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, and associated with behavior of disease. Many studies have demonstrated promising roles of miRNAs working as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or involved in target therapies, consolidating miRNAs as crucial players in human cancer. This review allowed a reflection about the true functions of miRNAs in bladder carcinogenesis. Not only by their wide capacities of action, but also by abilities in define the cell date. The future of anti-tumor target therapies will be based not in one, but in groups of miRNAs working together in several steps of carcinogenic process, being able to identify the disease, predicting behavior and effectively treat bladder cancer.

miR-143 inhibits NSCLC cell growth and metastasis by targeting Limk1

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have essential roles in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Here, we investigated the roles and mechanisms of miR-143 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). miR-143 was significantly decreased in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-143 suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and inhibited migration and invasion in vitro. Integrated analysis identified LIM domain kinase 1 (Limk1) as a direct and functional target of miR-143. Overexpression of Limk1 attenuated the tumor suppressive effects of miR-143 in NSCLC cells. Moreover, miR-143 was inversely correlated with Limk1 expression in NSCLC tissues. Together, our results highlight the significance of miR-143 and Limk1 in the development and progression of NSCLC.