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Silva MT, Galvão TF. Tuberculosis incidence in Brazil: time series analysis between 2001 and 2021 and projection until 2030. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2024; 27:e240027. [PMID: 38896648 PMCID: PMC11182439 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720240027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the incidence of tuberculosis in Brazil between 2001 and 2022 and estimate the monthly incidence forecast until 2030. METHODS This is a time-series study based on monthly tuberculosis records from the Notifiable Diseases Information System and official projections of the Brazilian population. The monthly incidence of tuberculosis from 2001 to 2022 was evaluated using segmented linear regression to identify trend breaks. Seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (Sarima) was used to predict the monthly incidence from 2023 to 2030, deadline for achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs). RESULTS There was a decrease in incidence between January/2001 and December/2014 (4.60 to 3.19 cases-month/100,000 inhabitants; β=-0.005; p<0.001), followed by an increase between January/2015 and March /2020 (β=0.013; p<0.001). There was a sharp drop in cases in April/2020, with the onset of the pandemic, and acceleration of the increase in cases since then (β=0.025; p<0.001). A projection of 124,245 cases in 2030 was made, with an estimated incidence of 4.64 cases-month/100,000 inhabitants, levels similar to those in the 2000s. The Sarima model proved to be robust, with error of 4.1% when removing the pandemic period. CONCLUSION The decreasing trend in tuberculosis cases was reversed from 2015 onwards, a period of economic crisis, and was also impacted by the pandemic when there was a reduction in records. The Sarima model can be a useful forecasting tool for epidemiological surveillance. Greater investments in prevention and control need to be made to reduce the occurrence of tuberculosis, in line with the SDGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Tolentino Silva
- Universidade de Brasília, School of Health Sciences, Public Health Department – Brasília (DF), Brazil
| | - Taís Freire Galvão
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences – Campinas (SP), Brazil
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2
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Cuthbert BJ, Mendoza J, de Miranda R, Papavinasasundaram K, Sassetti CM, Goulding CW. The structure of Mycobacterium thermoresistibile MmpS5 reveals a conserved disulfide bond across mycobacteria. Metallomics 2024; 16:mfae011. [PMID: 38425033 PMCID: PMC10929441 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The tuberculosis (TB) emergency has been a pressing health threat for decades. With the emergence of drug-resistant TB and complications from the COVID-19 pandemic, the TB health crisis is more serious than ever. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of TB, requires iron for its survival. Thus, Mtb has evolved several mechanisms to acquire iron from the host. Mtb produces two siderophores, mycobactin and carboxymycobactin, which scavenge for host iron. Mtb siderophore-dependent iron acquisition requires the export of apo-siderophores from the cytosol to the host environment and import of iron-bound siderophores. The export of Mtb apo-siderophores across the inner membrane is facilitated by two mycobacterial inner membrane proteins with their cognate periplasmic accessory proteins, designated MmpL4/MmpS4 and MmpL5/MmpS5. Notably, the Mtb MmpL4/MmpS4 and MmpL5/MmpS5 complexes have also been implicated in the efflux of anti-TB drugs. Herein, we solved the crystal structure of M. thermoresistibile MmpS5. The MmpS5 structure reveals a previously uncharacterized, biologically relevant disulfide bond that appears to be conserved across the Mycobacterium MmpS4/S5 homologs, and comparison with structural homologs suggests that MmpS5 may be dimeric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie J Cuthbert
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jessica Mendoza
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Rodger de Miranda
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kadamba Papavinasasundaram
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Christopher M Sassetti
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Celia W Goulding
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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3
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Li H, Ren W, Liang Q, Zhang X, Li Q, Shang Y, Ma L, Li S, Pang Y. A novel chemokine biomarker to distinguish active tuberculosis from latent tuberculosis: a cohort study. QJM 2023; 116:1002-1009. [PMID: 37740371 PMCID: PMC10753411 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs), which are widely used to diagnose tuberculosis (TB), cannot effectively discriminate latent TB infection (LTBI) from active TB (ATB). This study aimed to identify potential antigen-specific biomarkers for differentiating LTBI cases from ATB cases. METHODS Ongoing recruitment was conducted of individuals meeting study inclusion criteria at Beijing Chest Hospital from May 2020 to April 2022; 208 participants were enrolled and assigned to three groups: HC (60 healthy controls), LTBI (52 subjects with LTBI) and ATB (96 ATB patients). After participants were assigned to the discovery cohort (20 or 21 subjects/group), all others were assigned to the verification cohort. Discovery cohort blood levels of 40 chemokines were measured using Luminex assays to identify chemokines that could be used to discriminate LTBI cases from ATB cases; candidate biomarkers were verified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based testing of validation cohort samples. RESULTS Luminex results revealed highest ATB group levels of numerous cytokines, growth factors and chemokines. Receiving operating characteristic curve-based analysis of 40 biomarkers revealed CCL8 (AUC = 0.890) and CXCL9 (AUC = 0.883) effectively discriminated between LTBI and TB cases; greatest diagnostic efficiency was obtained using both markers together (AUC = 0.929). Interpretation of CCL8 and CXCL9 levels for validation cohort IGRA-positive subjects (based on a 0.658-ng/ml cutoff) revealed ATB group CCL8-based sensitivity and specificity rates approaching 90.79% and 100.00%, respectively. CONCLUSION TB-specific chemokines hold promise as ATB diagnostic biomarkers. Additional laboratory confirmation is needed to establish whether CCL8-based assays can differentiate between ATB and LTBI cases, especially for bacteriologically unconfirmed TB cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Li
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Postal No. 9, Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing 101149, People’s Republic of China
| | - W Ren
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Postal No. 9, Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing 101149, People’s Republic of China
| | - Q Liang
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Postal No. 9, Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing 101149, People’s Republic of China
| | - Q Li
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Y Shang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Postal No. 9, Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing 101149, People’s Republic of China
| | - L Ma
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - S Li
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Postal No. 9, Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing 101149, People’s Republic of China
| | - Y Pang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Postal No. 9, Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing 101149, People’s Republic of China
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Naicker N, Rodel H, Perumal R, Ganga Y, Bernstein M, Benede N, Abdool Karim S, Padayacthi N, Sigal A, Naidoo K. Metformin Increases Cell Viability and Regulates Pro-Inflammatory Response to Mtb. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:3629-3638. [PMID: 37309381 PMCID: PMC10257915 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s401403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Current TB treatment regimens are pathogen-directed and can be severely compromised by the development of drug resistance. Metformin has been proposed as an adjunctive therapy for TB, however relatively little is known about how metformin modulates the cellular interaction between Mtb and macrophages. We aimed to characterize how metformin modulates Mtb growth within macrophages. Methods We utilized live cell tracking through time-lapse microscopy to better understand the biological effect of metformin in response to Mtb infection. Furthermore, the potent first-line anti-TB drug, isoniazid, was used as a comparator and as a companion drug. Results Metformin caused a 14.2-fold decrease in Mtb growth compared to the untreated control. Metformin combined with isoniazid controlled Mtb growth is slightly better than isoniazid alone. Metformin demonstrated the ability to regulate the cytokine and chemokine response over a 72 hour period, better than isoniazid only. Conclusion We provide novel evidence that metformin controls mycobacterial growth by increasing host cell viability, and a direct and independent pro-inflammatory response to Mtb. Understanding the impact of metformin on Mtb growth within macrophages will advance our current knowledge on metformin as an adjunctive therapy, providing a new host-directed approach to TB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Naicker
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Hylton Rodel
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rubeshan Perumal
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Yashica Ganga
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Ntombi Benede
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Salim Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
- MRC-CAPRISA HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute; University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nesri Padayacthi
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
- MRC-CAPRISA HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute; University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Alex Sigal
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kogieleum Naidoo
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
- MRC-CAPRISA HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute; University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Mensah MK, Tano Kofi FK, Ansu-Mensah M, Bawontuo V, Kuupiel D. Mapping research evidence on perinatal asphyxia within the sustainable development era in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review protocol. Syst Rev 2022; 11:182. [PMID: 36042525 PMCID: PMC9429632 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-02058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 45% of all under-five child deaths are among newborn infants, babies in their first 28 days of life, or the neonatal period every year in the World Health Organization (WHO) Africa Region. To facilitate the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.2, innovative interventions are needed to address this challenge. Thus, this scoping review aims to map research evidence on perinatal asphyxia among neonates in the WHO Africa Region. METHODS This scoping review will be guided by the Arksey and O'Malley framework, Levac et al. recommendations, and the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for scoping reviews. Relevant published literature will be searched using a combination of keywords, Boolean terms, and Medical Subject Headings in the following databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and Web of Science from January 2016 onwards. We will further search the World Health Organization and government websites, as well as the reference list of included studies for potentially eligible studies. This scoping review will include research evidence involving countries in the WHO Africa Region, with a focus on the burden of perinatal asphyxia, contributory/associated factors of perinatal asphyxia, clinical interventions for perinatal asphyxia, and interventions/strategies for the prevention of perinatal asphyxia in the SDGs era. Two reviewers will independently sort the studies to include and exclude, guided by the eligibility criteria. Also, the data from the included studies will be extracted and any discrepancies resolved using a third reviewer. Thematic analysis will be conducted, and the findings reported using both qualitative tables and figures. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) will be followed to report this study's results. Quality appraisal of the included studies will be done utilising the mixed methods appraisal tool version 2018. CONCLUSION This scoping review results may reveal research evidence gaps to inform future primary studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses; and possibly contribute towards the realisation of the SDG 3.2 by countries in the WHO Africa Region. The finding of this review will be disseminated using multiple channels such as workshops, peer review publications, conferences, and social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Mensah
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences, Catholic University, College of Ghana, Fiapre, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Franky K Tano Kofi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences, Catholic University, College of Ghana, Fiapre, Sunyani, Ghana
| | | | - Vitalis Bawontuo
- Department of Health Services Management and Administration, School of Business, SD Dombo University of Business and Integrated Development Studies (SDD-UBIDS), Bamahu, Ghana
| | - Desmond Kuupiel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
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6
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Belete TM. Recent Progress in the Development of Novel Mycobacterium Cell Wall Inhibitor to Combat Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis. Microbiol Insights 2022; 15:11786361221099878. [PMID: 35645569 PMCID: PMC9131376 DOI: 10.1177/11786361221099878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research in drug development against TB, it is still the leading cause of death due to infectious diseases. The long treatment duration, patient noncompliance coupled with the ability of the tuberculosis bacilli to resist the current drugs increases multidrug-resistant tuberculosis that exacerbates the situation. Identification of novel drug targets is important for the advancement of drug development against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The development of an effective treatment course that could help us eradicates TB. Hence, we require drugs that could eliminate the bacteria and shorten the treatment duration. This review briefly describes the available data on the peptidoglycan component structural characterization, identification of the metabolic pathway, and the key enzymes involved in the peptidoglycan synthesis, like N-Acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate uridyltransferase, mur enzyme, alanine racemase as well as their inhibition. Besides, this paper also provides studies on mycolic acid and arabinogalactan synthesis and the transport mechanisms that show considerable promise as new targets to develop a new product with their inhibiter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tafere Mulaw Belete
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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7
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Kaushik AC, Wu Q, Lin L, Li H, Zhao L, Wen Z, Song Y, Wu Q, Wang J, Guo X, Wang H, Yu X, Wei D, Zhang S. Exosomal ncRNAs profiling of mycobacterial infection identified miRNA-185-5p as a novel biomarker for tuberculosis. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:6309357. [PMID: 34169968 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are ever increasing researches implying that noncoded RNAs (ncRNAs) specifically circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in exosomes play vital roles in respiratory disease. However, the detailed mechanisms persist to be unclear in mycobacterial infection. METHODS In order to detect circRNAs and miRNAs expression pattern and potential biological function in tuberculosis, we performed immense parallel sequencing for exosomal ncRNAs from THP-1-derived macrophages infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra, Mycobacterium bovis BCG and control Streptococcus pneumonia, respectively and uninfected normal cells. Besides, THP-1-derived macrophages were used to verify the validation of differential miRNAs, and monocytes from PBMCs and clinical plasma samples were used to further validate differentially expressed miR-185-5p. RESULTS Many exosomal circRNAs and miRNAs associated with tuberculosis infection were recognized. Extensive enrichment analyses were performed to illustrate the major effects of altered ncRNAs expression. Moreover, the miRNA-mRNA and circRNA-miRNA networks were created and expected to reveal their interrelationship. Further, significant differentially expressed miRNAs based on Exo-BCG, Exo-Ra and Exo-Control, were evaluated, and the potential target mRNAs and function were analyzed. Eventually, miR-185-5p was collected as a promising potential biomarker for tuberculosis. CONCLUSION Our findings provide a new vision for exploring biological functions of ncRNAs in mycobacterial infection and screening novel potential biomarkers. To sum up, exosomal ncRNAs might represent useful functional biomarkers in tuberculosis pathogenesis and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Chandra Kaushik
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qiqi Wu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Longqi Zhao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilu Wen
- Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanzheng Song
- Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihang Wu
- Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaokui Guo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongqing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shulin Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
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8
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Marin-Luevano SP, Rodriguez-Carlos A, Jacobo-Delgado Y, Valdez-Miramontes C, Enciso-Moreno JA, Rivas-Santiago B. Steroid hormone modulates the production of cathelicidin and human β-defensins in lung epithelial cells and macrophages promoting Mycobacterium tuberculosis killing. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2021; 128:102080. [PMID: 33799143 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2021.102080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have documented the interaction between the immune and endocrine systems as an effective defense strategy against tuberculosis, involving the production of several molecules and immunological processes. In this study, we determined the effect of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on the production of antimicrobial peptides such as cathelicidin and human β-defensin (HBD) -2, and HBD-3 and their effect on intracellular growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in lung epithelial cells and macrophages. Our results showed that DHEA promotes the production of these antimicrobial peptides in infected cells, correlating with the decrease of Mtb bacilli loads. These results suggest the use of exogenous DHEA as an adjuvant for tuberculosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara P Marin-Luevano
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico; Center for Research in Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Adrian Rodriguez-Carlos
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Jacobo-Delgado
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | | | - Jose A Enciso-Moreno
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Bruno Rivas-Santiago
- Medical Research Unit-Zacatecas, Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS, Zacatecas, Mexico.
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Laws M, Shaaban A, Rahman KM. Antibiotic resistance breakers: current approaches and future directions. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2020; 43:490-516. [PMID: 31150547 PMCID: PMC6736374 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections of antibiotic-resistant pathogens pose an ever-increasing threat to mankind. The investigation of novel approaches for tackling the antimicrobial resistance crisis must be part of any global response to this problem if an untimely reversion to the pre-penicillin era of medicine is to be avoided. One such promising avenue of research involves so-called antibiotic resistance breakers (ARBs), capable of re-sensitising resistant bacteria to antibiotics. Although some ARBs have previously been employed in the clinical setting, such as the β-lactam inhibitors, we posit that the broader field of ARB research can yet yield a greater diversity of more effective therapeutic agents than have been previously achieved. This review introduces the area of ARB research, summarises the current state of ARB development with emphasis on the various major classes of ARBs currently being investigated and their modes of action, and offers a perspective on the future direction of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Laws
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH
| | - Ali Shaaban
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH
| | - Khondaker Miraz Rahman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH
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10
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Li Y, Wu Q, Sun X, Shen J, Chen H. Organoids as a Powerful Model for Respiratory Diseases. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:5847876. [PMID: 32256609 PMCID: PMC7086445 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5847876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Insults to the alveoli usually lead to inefficient gas exchange or even respiratory failure, which is difficult to model in animal studies. Over the past decade, stem cell-derived self-organizing three-dimensional organoids have emerged as a new avenue to recapitulate respiratory diseases in a dish. Alveolar organoids have improved our understanding of the mechanisms underlying tissue homeostasis and pathological alterations in alveoli. From this perspective, we review the state-of-the-art technology on establishing alveolar organoids from endogenous lung epithelial stem/progenitor cells or pluripotent stem cells, as well as the use of alveolar organoids for the study of respiratory diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, tuberculosis infection, and respiratory virus infection. We also discuss challenges that need to be overcome for future application of alveolar organoids in individualized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- 1Department of Basic Medicine, Tianjin University Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Wu
- 2Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Sun
- 2Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Shen
- 1Department of Basic Medicine, Tianjin University Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, China
- 2Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, China
- 3Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huaiyong Chen
- 1Department of Basic Medicine, Tianjin University Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, China
- 2Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin, China
- 3Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin, China
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11
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HAMLET, a protein complex from human milk has bactericidal activity and enhances the activity of antibiotics against pathogenic Streptococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019:AAC.01193-19. [PMID: 31591115 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01193-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
HAMLET is a protein-lipid complex derived from human milk that was first described for its tumoricidal activity. Later studies showed that HAMLET also has direct bactericidal activity against select species of bacteria, with highest activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae Additionally, HAMLET in combination with various antimicrobial agents can make a broader range of antibiotic-resistant bacterial species sensitive to antibiotics. Here, we show that HAMLET has direct antibacterial activity not only against pneumococci, but also against Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) and Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS). Analogous to pneumococci, HAMLET-treatment of GAS and GBS resulted in depolarization of the bacterial membrane followed by membrane permeabilization and death that could be inhibited by calcium and sodium transport inhibitors. Treatment of clinical antibiotic-resistant isolates of S. pneumoniae, GAS, and GBS with sublethal concentrations of HAMLET in combination with antibiotics decreased the minimal inhibitory concentrations of the respective antibiotic into the sensitive range. This effect could also be blocked by ion transport inhibitors, suggesting that HAMLET's bactericidal and combination treatment effects used similar mechanisms. Finally, we show that HAMLET potentiated the effects of erythromycin against erythromycin-resistant bacteria more effectively than it potentiated killing by penicillin G of bacteria resistant to penicillin G. These results show for the first time that HAMLET effectively kills three different species of pathogenic Streptococci using similar mechanisms and also potentiate the activity of macrolides and lincosamides more effectively than combination treatment with beta-lactams. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic role for HAMLET in repurposing antibiotics currently causing treatment failures in patients.
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12
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Bahuguna A, Rawat DS. An overview of new antitubercular drugs, drug candidates, and their targets. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:263-292. [PMID: 31254295 DOI: 10.1002/med.21602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium tuberculosis and more recently totally drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis, display unique mechanisms to survive in the host. A four-drug treatment regimen was introduced 40 years ago but the emergence of multidrug-resistance and more recently TDR necessitates the identification of new targets and drugs for the cure of M. tuberculosis infection. The current efforts in the drug development process are insufficient to completely eradicate the TB epidemic. For almost five decades the TB drug development process remained stagnant. The last 10 years have made sudden progress giving some new and highly promising drugs including bedaquiline, delamanid, and pretomanid. Many of the candidates are repurposed compounds, which were developed to treat other infections but later, exhibited anti-TB properties also. Each class of drug has a specific target and a definite mode of action. These targets are either involved in cell wall biosynthesis, protein synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis, or metabolism. This review discusses recent progress in the discovery of newly developed and Food and Drug Administration approved drugs as well as repurposed drugs, their targets, mode of action, drug-target interactions, and their structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diwan S Rawat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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