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Sattin D, Parma C, Lunetta C, Zulueta A, Lanzone J, Giani L, Vassallo M, Picozzi M, Parati EA. An Overview of the Body Schema and Body Image: Theoretical Models, Methodological Settings and Pitfalls for Rehabilitation of Persons with Neurological Disorders. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1410. [PMID: 37891779 PMCID: PMC10605253 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the widespread debate on the definition of the terms "Body Schema" and "Body Image", this article presents a broad overview of the studies that have investigated the nature of these types of body representations, especially focusing on the innovative information about these two representations that could be useful for the rehabilitation of patients with different neurological disorders with motor deficits (especially those affecting the upper limbs). In particular, we analyzed (i) the different definitions and explicative models proposed, (ii) the empirical settings used to test them and (iii) the clinical and rehabilitative implications derived from the application of interventions on specific case reports. The growing number of neurological diseases with motor impairment in the general population has required the development of new rehabilitation techniques and a new phenomenological paradigm placing body schema as fundamental and intrinsic parts for action in space. In this narrative review, the focus was placed on evidence from the application of innovative rehabilitation techniques and case reports involving the upper limbs, as body parts particularly involved in finalistic voluntary actions in everyday life, discussing body representations and their functional role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Sattin
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Health Directorate, Via Camaldoli 64, 20138 Milan, Italy; (D.S.); (M.V.)
| | - Chiara Parma
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Health Directorate, Via Camaldoli 64, 20138 Milan, Italy; (D.S.); (M.V.)
| | - Christian Lunetta
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Neurorehabilitation Department-ALS Unit, Via Camaldoli 64, 20138 Milan, Italy;
| | - Aida Zulueta
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Labion, Via Camaldoli 64, 20138 Milan, Italy;
| | - Jacopo Lanzone
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Neurorehabilitation Department, Via Camaldoli 64, 20138 Milan, Italy; (J.L.); (L.G.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Luca Giani
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Neurorehabilitation Department, Via Camaldoli 64, 20138 Milan, Italy; (J.L.); (L.G.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Marta Vassallo
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Health Directorate, Via Camaldoli 64, 20138 Milan, Italy; (D.S.); (M.V.)
- Center for Clinical Ethics, Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Mario Picozzi
- Center for Clinical Ethics, Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Eugenio Agostino Parati
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Neurorehabilitation Department, Via Camaldoli 64, 20138 Milan, Italy; (J.L.); (L.G.); (E.A.P.)
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Zhang K, Wang H, Wang X, Xiong X, Tong S, Sun C, Zhu B, Xu Y, Fan M, Sun L, Guo X. Neuroimaging prognostic factors for treatment response to motor imagery training after stroke. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:9504-9513. [PMID: 37376787 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of motor imagery training for motor recovery is well acknowledged, but with substantial inter-individual variability in stroke patients. To help optimize motor imagery training therapy plans and screen suitable patients, this study aimed to explore neuroimaging biomarkers explaining variability in treatment response. Thirty-nine stroke patients were randomized to a motor imagery training group (n = 22, received a combination of conventional rehabilitation therapy and motor imagery training) and a control group (n = 17, received conventional rehabilitation therapy and health education) for 4 weeks of interventions. Their demography and clinical information, brain lesion from structural MRI, spontaneous brain activity and connectivity from rest fMRI, and sensorimotor brain activation from passive motor task fMRI were acquired to identify prognostic factors. We found that the variability of outcomes from sole conventional rehabilitation therapy could be explained by the reserved sensorimotor neural function, whereas the variability of outcomes from motor imagery training + conventional rehabilitation therapy was related to the spontaneous activity in the ipsilesional inferior parietal lobule and the local connectivity in the contralesional supplementary motor area. The results suggest that additional motor imagery training treatment is also efficient for severe patients with damaged sensorimotor neural function, but might be more effective for patients with impaired motor planning and reserved motor imagery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexu Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hewei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shanbao Tong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Changhui Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yiming Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mingxia Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Limin Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Villa MC, Geminiani GC, Zettin M, Cicerale A, Ronga I, Duca S, Sacco K. Re-learning mental representation of walking after a brain lesion. Effects of a cognitive-motor training with a robotic orthosis. Front Neurorobot 2023; 17:1177201. [PMID: 37583648 PMCID: PMC10425221 DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2023.1177201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stroke-related deficits often include motor impairments and gait dysfunction, leading to a limitation of social activities and consequently affecting the quality of life of stroke survivors. Neurorehabilitation takes advantage of the contribution of different techniques in order to achieve more benefits for patients. Robotic devices help to improve the outcomes of physical rehabilitation. Moreover, motor imagery seems to play a role in neurological rehabilitation since it leads to the activation of the same brain areas as actual movements. This study investigates the use of a combined physical and cognitive protocol for gait rehabilitation in stroke patients. Methods Specifically, we tested the efficacy of a 5-week training program using a robotic orthosis (P.I.G.R.O.) in conjunction with motor imagery training. Twelve chronic stroke patients participated in the study. We evaluated balance and gait performance before and after the training. Six of them underwent fMRI examination before and after the training to assess the effects of the protocol on brain plasticity mechanisms in motor and imagery tasks. Results Our results show that the rehabilitation protocol can effectively improve gait performance and balance and reduce the risk of falls in stroke patients. Furthermore, the fMRI results suggest that rehabilitation is associated with cerebral plastic changes in motor networks. Discussion The present findings, if confirmed by future research, have the potential to advance the development of new, more effective rehabilitation approaches for stroke patients, improving their quality of life and reducing the burden of stroke-related disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Chiara Villa
- BraIn Plasticity and Behavior Changes (BIP) at Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuliano C. Geminiani
- BraIn Plasticity and Behavior Changes (BIP) at Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Marina Zettin
- BraIn Plasticity and Behavior Changes (BIP) at Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Centro Puzzle-Rehabilitation of Acquired Brain Damages, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cicerale
- BraIn Plasticity and Behavior Changes (BIP) at Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Irene Ronga
- BraIn Plasticity and Behavior Changes (BIP) at Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sergio Duca
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Polytechnic of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neuroradiology Unit, Koelliker Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Katiuscia Sacco
- BraIn Plasticity and Behavior Changes (BIP) at Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
- Centro Puzzle-Rehabilitation of Acquired Brain Damages, Turin, Italy
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Polytechnic of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Ma ZZ, Wu JJ, Hua XY, Zheng MX, Xing XX, Ma J, Shan CL, Xu JG. Evidence of neuroplasticity with brain-computer interface in a randomized trial for post-stroke rehabilitation: a graph-theoretic study of subnetwork analysis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1135466. [PMID: 37346164 PMCID: PMC10281191 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1135466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brain-computer interface (BCI) has been widely used for functional recovery after stroke. Understanding the brain mechanisms following BCI intervention to optimize BCI strategies is crucial for the benefit of stroke patients. Methods Forty-six patients with upper limb motor dysfunction after stroke were recruited and randomly divided into the control group or the BCI group. The primary outcome was measured by the assessment of Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Upper Extremity (FMA-UE). Meanwhile, we performed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in all patients, followed by independent component analysis (ICA) to identify functionally connected brain networks. Finally, we assessed the topological efficiency of both groups using graph-theoretic analysis in these brain subnetworks. Results The FMA-UE score of the BCI group was significantly higher than that of the control group after treatment (p = 0.035). From the network topology analysis, we first identified seven subnetworks from the rs-fMRI data. In the following analysis of subnetwork properties, small-world properties including γ (p = 0.035) and σ (p = 0.031) within the visual network (VN) decreased in the BCI group. For the analysis of the dorsal attention network (DAN), significant differences were found in assortativity (p = 0.045) between the groups. Additionally, the improvement in FMA-UE was positively correlated with the assortativity of the dorsal attention network (R = 0.498, p = 0.011). Conclusion Brain-computer interface can promote the recovery of upper limbs after stroke by regulating VN and DAN. The correlation trend of weak intensity proves that functional recovery in stroke patients is likely to be related to the brain's visuospatial processing ability, which can be used to optimize BCI strategies. Clinical Trial Registration The trial is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, number ChiCTR2000034848. Registered 21 July 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent RehabilitationMinistry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Jia Wu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent RehabilitationMinistry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Yun Hua
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent RehabilitationMinistry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mou-Xiong Zheng
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent RehabilitationMinistry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Xin Xing
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent RehabilitationMinistry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ma
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent RehabilitationMinistry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Lei Shan
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent RehabilitationMinistry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Guang Xu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent RehabilitationMinistry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Nakano H, Tachibana M, Fujita N, Sawai S, Fujikawa S, Yamamoto R, Murata S. Reliability and validity of the Japanese movement imagery questionnaire-revised second version. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:334. [PMID: 36284354 PMCID: PMC9594881 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06220-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Developing a Japanese version of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised Second Version (MIQ-RS) is essential for widespread evaluation and treatment based on motor imagery in physically disabled persons and patients in rehabilitation. This study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised Second Version (MIQ-RS), which assesses motor imagery ability, by translating it into Japanese. Results This study enrolled twenty healthy participants (10 men and 10 women, mean age 21.17 ± 1.10 years). Reliability was examined for internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to examine the criterion-related validity of the MIQ-RS and the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ-20). Results showed that Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the MIQ-RS were 0.81 and 0.82 for visual and kinesthetic imagery, respectively. Significant positive correlations were found between each visual and kinesthetic imagery score, and each total on the MIQ-RS and KVIQ-20 scores (r = 0.73, p < 0.01; r = 0.84, p < 0.01; r = 0.80, p < 0.01, respectively). This study suggests that the Japanese version of the MIQ-RS is a reliable and valid method of assessing motor imagery ability. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-022-06220-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Nakano
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, 34 Yamada-cho, Oyake, Yamashina-ku, 607-8175, Kyoto-city, Kyoto, Japan. .,Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, 34 Yamada-cho, Oyake, Yamashina-ku, 607-8175, Kyoto-city, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Mizuki Tachibana
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, 34 Yamada-cho, Oyake, Yamashina-ku, 607-8175, Kyoto-city, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nao Fujita
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, 34 Yamada-cho, Oyake, Yamashina-ku, 607-8175, Kyoto-city, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shun Sawai
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, 34 Yamada-cho, Oyake, Yamashina-ku, 607-8175, Kyoto-city, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Kyoto Kuno Hospital, 22-500 Honmachi, Higashiyama-ku, 605-0981, Kyoto-city, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shoya Fujikawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, 34 Yamada-cho, Oyake, Yamashina-ku, 607-8175, Kyoto-city, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yamamoto
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tesseikai Neurosurgical Hospital, 28-1 Nakanohonmachi, 575-8511, Shijonawate-city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin Murata
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, 34 Yamada-cho, Oyake, Yamashina-ku, 607-8175, Kyoto-city, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, 34 Yamada-cho, Oyake, Yamashina-ku, 607-8175, Kyoto-city, Kyoto, Japan
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Tian N, Liang L, Luo X, Hu R, Long W, Song R. More than just statics: Altered complexity of dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the resting brain after stroke. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 35594839 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac71ce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous neuroimaging studies mainly focused on static characteristics of brain activity, and little is known about its characteristics over time, especially in post-stroke (PS) patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate the static and dynamic characteristics of brain activity after stroke using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). APPROACH Twenty ischemic PS patients and nineteen healthy controls (HCs) were recruited to receive a resting-state fMRI scanning. The static amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (sALFF) and fuzzy entropy of dynamic ALFF (FE-dALFF) were applied to identify the stroke-induced alterations. MAIN RESULTS Compared with the HCs, PS patients showed significantly increased FE-dALFF values in the right angular gyrus (ANG), bilateral precuneus (PCUN), and right inferior parietal lobule (IPL) as well as significantly decreased FE-dALFF values in the right postcentral gyrus (PoCG), right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus (SFGdor), and right precentral gyrus (PreCG). The ROC analyses demonstrated that FE-dALFF and sALFF possess comparable sensitivity in distinguishing PS patients from the HCs. Moreover, a significantly positive correlation was observed between the FE-dALFF values and the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) scores in the right SFGdor (r =0.547), right IPL (r =0.522), and right PCUN (r =0.486). SIGNIFICANCE This study provided insight into the stroke-induced alterations in static and dynamic characteristics of local brain activity, highlighting the potential of FE-dALFF in understanding neurophysiological mechanisms and evaluating pathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Tian
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Higher Mega Education Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, CHINA
| | - Liuke Liang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Higher Mega Education Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, CHINA
| | - Xuemao Luo
- Department of Radiology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, CN, Jiangmen, Guangdong, 529030, CHINA
| | - Rongliang Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, CN, Jiangmen, Guangdong, 529030, CHINA
| | - Wansheng Long
- Department of Radiology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, CN, Jiangmen, Guangdong, 529030, CHINA
| | - Rong Song
- Biomedical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Higher Mega Education Center, Guangzhou, 510006, CHINA
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Ma ZZ, Wu JJ, Hua XY, Zheng MX, Xing XX, Ma J, Li SS, Shan CL, Xu JG. Brain Function and Upper Limb Deficit in Stroke With Motor Execution and Imagery: A Cross-Sectional Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:806406. [PMID: 35663563 PMCID: PMC9160973 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.806406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMotor imagery training might be helpful in stroke rehabilitation. This study explored if a specific modulation of movement-related regions is related to motor imagery (MI) ability.MethodsTwenty-three patients with subcortical stroke and 21 age-matched controls were recruited. They were subjectively screened using the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ). They then underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing three repetitions of different motor tasks (motor execution and MI). Two separate runs were acquired [motor execution tasks (ME and rest) and motor imagery (MI and rest)] in a block design. For the different tasks, analyses of cerebral activation and the correlation of motor/imagery task-related activity and KVIQ scores were performed.ResultsDuring unaffected hand (UH) active grasp movement, we observed decreased activations in the contralateral precentral gyrus (PreCG), contralateral postcentral gyrus (PoCG) [p < 0.05, family wise error (FWE) corrected] and a positive correlation with the ability of FMA-UE (PreCG: r = 0.46, p = 0.028; PoCG: r = 0.44, p = 0.040). During active grasp of the affected hand (AH), decreased activation in the contralateral PoCG was observed (p < 0.05, FWE corrected). MI of the UH induced significant activations of the contralateral superior frontal gyrus, opercular region of the inferior frontal gyrus, and ipsilateral ACC and deactivation in the ipsilateral supplementary motor area (p < 0.05, AlphaSim correction). Ipsilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activity negatively correlated with MI ability (r = =–0.49, p = 0.022). Moreover, we found significant activation of the contralesional middle frontal gyrus (MFG) during MI of the AH.ConclusionOur results proved the dominant effects of MI dysfunction that exist in stroke during the processing of motor execution. In the motor execution task, the enhancement of the contralateral PreCG and PoCG contributed to reversing the motor dysfunction, while in the MI task, inhibition of the contralateral ACC can increase the impaired KVIQ ability. The bimodal balance recovery model can explain our results well. Recognizing neural mechanisms is critical to helping us formulate precise strategies when intervening with electrical or magnetic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Jia Wu
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Yun Hua
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mou-Xiong Zheng
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Xin Xing
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Si Li
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Lei Shan
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Chun-Lei Shan,
| | - Jian-Guang Xu
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jian-Guang Xu,
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Upper extremity motor abilities and cognitive capability mediate the causal dependency between somatosensory capability and daily function in stroke individuals. Sci Rep 2022; 12:690. [PMID: 35027612 PMCID: PMC8758771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04491-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke individuals’ daily function has been demonstrated to be influenced by their somatosensory capability, cognitive capability, and upper extremity (UE) motor abilities. However, the structural relationships among these abilities on stroke individuals’ independence in daily function remain unclear. We analyzed the pretest measures of 153 stroke individuals in outpatient rehabilitation settings by structural equation modeling to determine the structural relationship among somatosensory capability, UE muscle strength, UE motor function, and cognitive capability that influences independence in daily function. The standardized results indicated somatosensory capability negatively influenced UE muscle strength, but positively influenced UE muscle strength mediated by UE motor function. UE muscle strength, then, positively influenced individuals’ independence in daily function. On the other hand, somatosensory capability positively influenced cognitive capability, which marginally and positively affected the performance of independence in daily function. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the influence of somatosensory capability on the daily function is mediated mainly by motor functions and marginally by cognitive capability. This structural model may allow future clinical therapists to design more effective task-related training protocols to promote the independence in daily function for stroke individuals.
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Análisis de la producción y redes de colaboración en los programas de doctorado en psicología en Colombia. ACTA COLOMBIANA DE PSICOLOGIA 2021. [DOI: 10.14718/acp.2022.25.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
El objetivo de la formación doctoral es la generación y difusión de nuevo conocimiento, sin embargo, no es claro cómo los programas de doctorado en Colombia se relacionan con este tipo de producción académica. A partir de ello, en el presente estudio se presenta el panorama general de la producción académica a través de las instituciones de educación superior colombianas que ofertan programas de formación doctoral en psicología. La producción académica se obtuvo de la base de datos Scopus en una muestra de 13 universidades. Tras una búsqueda inicial, se encontraron 1345 documentos, con los cuales se realizó un análisis de los indicadores de productividad y de las redes de colaboración al interior de la disciplina en el país. Posteriormente, esta información se contrastó con la información nacional registrada en el sistema de Currículum Vitae Latinoamericano y del Caribe (CvLAC) de 193 profesores asociados a las universidades que ofertan los programas de doctorado. Al comparar la producción académica nacional e internacional, se encontró una mayor correlación entre la dirección de tesis de posgrado y la publicación en revistas nacionales. Por lo tanto, se puede afirmar que el impacto de la formación doctoral en la generación de nuevo conocimiento es relativo y tiene un alcance limitado, siendo principalmente las revistas nacionales el medio de difusión de este conocimiento. Se recomienda evaluar el impacto de los productos asociados a la formación posgradual y la visibilidad internacional, con énfasis en las revistas indexadas en bases de datos internacionales.
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Srinivasan SS, Tuckute G, Zou J, Gutierrez-Arango S, Song H, Barry RL, Herr HM. Agonist-antagonist myoneural interface amputation preserves proprioceptive sensorimotor neurophysiology in lower limbs. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/573/eabc5926. [PMID: 33298564 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc5926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The brain undergoes marked changes in function and functional connectivity after limb amputation. The agonist-antagonist myoneural interface (AMI) amputation is a procedure that restores physiological agonist-antagonist muscle relationships responsible for proprioceptive sensory feedback to enable greater motor control. We compared results from the functional neuroimaging of individuals (n = 29) with AMI amputation, traditional amputation, and no amputation. Individuals with traditional amputation demonstrated a significant decrease in proprioceptive activity, measured by activation of Brodmann area 3a, whereas functional activation in individuals with AMIs was not significantly different from controls with no amputation (P < 0.05). The degree of proprioceptive activity in the brain strongly correlated with fascicle activity in the peripheral muscles and performance on motor tasks (P < 0.05), supporting the mechanistic basis of the AMI procedure. These results suggest that surgical techniques designed to restore proprioceptive peripheral neuromuscular constructs result in desirable central sensorimotor plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriya S Srinivasan
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. .,MIT Center for Extreme Bionics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Greta Tuckute
- MIT Center for Extreme Bionics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jasmine Zou
- MIT Center for Extreme Bionics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Samantha Gutierrez-Arango
- MIT Center for Extreme Bionics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Hyungeun Song
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,MIT Center for Extreme Bionics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Robert L Barry
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. .,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hugh M Herr
- MIT Center for Extreme Bionics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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11
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Luo Z, Jin R, Shi H, Lu X. Research on Recognition of Motor Imagination Based on Connectivity Features of Brain Functional Network. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:6655430. [PMID: 33628220 PMCID: PMC7895585 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6655430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Feature extraction is essential for classifying different motor imagery (MI) tasks in a brain-computer interface. To improve classification accuracy, we propose a novel feature extraction method in which the connectivity increment rate (CIR) of the brain function network (BFN) is extracted. First, the BFN is constructed on the basis of the threshold matrix of the Pearson correlation coefficient of the mu rhythm among the channels. In addition, a weighted BFN is constructed and expressed by the sum of the existing edge weights to characterize the cerebral cortex activation degree in different movement patterns. Then, on the basis of the topological structures of seven mental tasks, three regional networks centered on the C3, C4, and Cz channels are constructed, which are consistent with correspondence between limb movement patterns and cerebral cortex in neurophysiology. Furthermore, the CIR of each regional functional network is calculated to form three-dimensional vectors. Finally, we use the support vector machine to learn a classifier for multiclass MI tasks. Experimental results show a significant improvement and demonstrate the success of the extracted feature CIR in dealing with MI classification. Specifically, the average classification performance reaches 88.67% which is higher than other competing methods, indicating that the extracted CIR is effective for MI classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizeng Luo
- Institute of Intelligent Control and Robotics, Hangzhou Dizanzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ronghang Jin
- Institute of Intelligent Control and Robotics, Hangzhou Dizanzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongfei Shi
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianju Lu
- Institute of Intelligent Control and Robotics, Hangzhou Dizanzi University, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Jafari M, Aflalo T, Chivukula S, Kellis SS, Salas MA, Norman SL, Pejsa K, Liu CY, Andersen RA. The human primary somatosensory cortex encodes imagined movement in the absence of sensory information. Commun Biol 2020; 3:757. [PMID: 33311578 PMCID: PMC7732821 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical systems neuroscience positions primary sensory areas as early feed-forward processing stations for refining incoming sensory information. This view may oversimplify their role given extensive bi-directional connectivity with multimodal cortical and subcortical regions. Here we show that single units in human primary somatosensory cortex encode imagined reaches in a cognitive motor task, but not other sensory–motor variables such as movement plans or imagined arm position. A population reference-frame analysis demonstrates coding relative to the cued starting hand location suggesting that imagined reaching movements are encoded relative to imagined limb position. These results imply a potential role for primary somatosensory cortex in cognitive imagery, engagement during motor production in the absence of sensation or expected sensation, and suggest that somatosensory cortex can provide control signals for future neural prosthetic systems. Matiar Jafari, Tyson Aflalo et al. show that the human primary somatosensory cortex is activated when subjects imagine reaches in a cognitive motor task, but not when they plan movement or imagine a static limb position. These results highlight a role for this region in cognitive imagery and motor control in the absence of sensory information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matiar Jafari
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, Chen Institute for Neuroscience, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tyson Aflalo
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. .,Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, Chen Institute for Neuroscience, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| | - Srinivas Chivukula
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Los Angeles Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Spencer Sterling Kellis
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, Chen Institute for Neuroscience, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Sumner Lee Norman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, Chen Institute for Neuroscience, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Kelsie Pejsa
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, Chen Institute for Neuroscience, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Charles Yu Liu
- USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, USA
| | - Richard Alan Andersen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, Chen Institute for Neuroscience, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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13
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Yates L, Hobson H. Continuing to look in the mirror: A review of neuroscientific evidence for the broken mirror hypothesis, EP-M model and STORM model of autism spectrum conditions. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2020; 24:1945-1959. [PMID: 32668956 PMCID: PMC7539595 DOI: 10.1177/1362361320936945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The mirror neuron system has been argued to be a key brain system responsible for action understanding and imitation. Subsequently, mirror neuron system dysfunction has therefore been proposed to explain the social deficits manifested within autism spectrum condition, an approach referred to as the broken mirror hypothesis. Despite excitement surrounding this hypothesis, extensive research has produced insufficient evidence to support the broken mirror hypothesis in its pure form, and instead two alternative models have been formulated: EP-M model and the social top-down response modulation (STORM) model. All models suggest some dysfunction regarding the mirror neuron system in autism spectrum condition, be that within the mirror neuron system itself or systems that regulate the mirror neuron system. This literature review compares these three models in regard to recent neuroscientific investigations. This review concludes that there is insufficient support for the broken mirror hypothesis, but converging evidence supports an integrated EP-M and STORM model.
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14
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Mehler DMA, Williams AN, Whittaker JR, Krause F, Lührs M, Kunas S, Wise RG, Shetty HGM, Turner DL, Linden DEJ. Graded fMRI Neurofeedback Training of Motor Imagery in Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke Patients: A Preregistered Proof-of-Concept Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:226. [PMID: 32760259 PMCID: PMC7373077 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), a major brain vessel that supplies the primary motor and premotor cortex, is one of the most common causes for severe upper limb impairment. Currently available motor rehabilitation training largely lacks satisfying efficacy with over 70% of stroke survivors showing residual upper limb dysfunction. Motor imagery-based functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback (fMRI-NF) has been suggested as a potential therapeutic technique to improve motor impairment in stroke survivors. In this preregistered proof-of-concept study (https://osf.io/y69jc/), we translated graded fMRI-NF training, a new paradigm that we have previously studied in healthy participants, to first-time MCA stroke survivors with residual mild to severe impairment of upper limb motor function. Neurofeedback was provided from the supplementary motor area (SMA) targeting two different neurofeedback target levels (low and high). We hypothesized that MCA stroke survivors will show (1) sustained SMA-region of interest (ROI) activation and (2) a difference in SMA-ROI activation between low and high neurofeedback conditions during graded fMRI-NF training. At the group level, we found only anecdotal evidence for these preregistered hypotheses. At the individual level, we found anecdotal to moderate evidence for the absence of the hypothesized graded effect for most subjects. These null findings are relevant for future attempts to employ fMRI-NF training in stroke survivors. The study introduces a Bayesian sequential sampling plan, which incorporates prior knowledge, yielding higher sensitivity. The sampling plan was preregistered together with a priori hypotheses and all planned analysis before data collection to address potential publication/researcher biases. Unforeseen difficulties in the translation of our paradigm to a clinical setting required some deviations from the preregistered protocol. We explicitly detail these changes, discuss the accompanied additional challenges that can arise in clinical neurofeedback studies, and formulate recommendations for how these can be addressed. Taken together, this work provides new insights about the feasibility of motor imagery-based graded fMRI-NF training in MCA stroke survivors and serves as a first example for comprehensive study preregistration of an (fMRI) neurofeedback experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. A. Mehler
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Angharad N. Williams
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Max Planck Adaptive Memory Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joseph R. Whittaker
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Krause
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Michael Lührs
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Research Department, Brain Innovation B.V., Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Kunas
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard G. Wise
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, D'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Duncan L. Turner
- School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David E. J. Linden
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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15
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Wang X, Wang H, Xiong X, Sun C, Zhu B, Xu Y, Fan M, Tong S, Sun L, Guo X. Motor Imagery Training After Stroke Increases Slow-5 Oscillations and Functional Connectivity in the Ipsilesional Inferior Parietal Lobule. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2020; 34:321-332. [PMID: 32102610 DOI: 10.1177/1545968319899919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Reorganization in motor areas have been suggested after motor imagery training (MIT). However, motor imagery involves a large-scale brain network, in which many regions, andnot only the motor areas, potentially constitute the neural substrate for MIT. Objective. This study aimed to identify the targets for MIT in stroke rehabilitation from a voxel-based whole brain analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods. Thirty-four chronic stroke patients were recruited and randomly assigned to either an MIT group or a control group. The MIT group received a 4-week treatment of MIT plus conventional rehabilitation therapy (CRT), whereas the control group only received CRT. Before and after intervention, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Limb subscale (FM-UL) and resting-state fMRI were collected. The fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) in the slow-5 band (0.01-0.027 Hz) was calculated across the whole brain to identify brain areas with distinct changes between 2 groups. These brain areas were then targeted as seeds to perform seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis. Results. In comparison with the control group, the MIT group exhibited more improvements in FM-UL and increased slow-5 fALFF in the ipsilesional inferior parietal lobule (IPL). The change of the slow-5 oscillations in the ipsilesional IPL was positively correlated with the improvement of FM-UL. The MIT group also showed distinct alternations in FCs of the ipsilesional IPL, which were correlated with the improvement of FM-UL. Conclusions. The rehabilitation efficiency of MIT was associated with increased slow-5 oscillations and altered FC in the ipsilesional IPL. Clinical Trial Registration. http://www.chictr.org.cn . Unique Identifier. ChiCTR-TRC-08003005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hewei Wang
- Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhui Sun
- Huashan North Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Xu
- Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxia Fan
- East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Limin Sun
- Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Madden DJ, Melton MS, Jain S, Cook AD, Browndyke JN, Harshbarger TB, Cendales LC. Neural activation for actual and imagined movement following unilateral hand transplantation: a case study. Neurocase 2019; 25:225-234. [PMID: 31549902 PMCID: PMC6814578 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2019.1667398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of a donor hand has been successful as a surgical treatment following amputation, but little is known regarding the brain mechanisms contributing to the recovery of motor function. We report functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) findings for neural activation related to actual and imagined movement, for a 54-year-old male patient, who had received a donor hand transplant 50 years following amputation. Two assessments, conducted 3 months and 6 months post-operatively, demonstrate engagement of motor-control related brain regions for the transplanted hand, during both actual and imagined movement of the fingers. The intact hand exhibited a more intense and focused pattern of activation for actual movement relative to imagined movement, whereas activation for the transplanted hand was more widely distributed and did not clearly differentiate actual and imagined movement. However, the spatial overlap of actual-movement and imagined-movement voxels, for the transplanted hand, did increase over time to a level comparable to that of the intact hand. At these relatively early post-operative assessments, brain regions outside of the canonical motor-control networks appear to be supporting movement of the transplanted hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Madden
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
| | - M Stephen Melton
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Shivangi Jain
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Angela D Cook
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Jeffrey N Browndyke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Todd B Harshbarger
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Linda C Cendales
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
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17
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Lee WH, Kim E, Seo HG, Oh BM, Nam HS, Kim YJ, Lee HH, Kang MG, Kim S, Bang MS. Target-oriented motor imagery for grasping action: different characteristics of brain activation between kinesthetic and visual imagery. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12770. [PMID: 31484971 PMCID: PMC6726765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI) for target-oriented movements, which is a basis for functional activities of daily living, can be more appropriate than non-target-oriented MI as tasks to promote motor recovery or brain-computer interface (BCI) applications. This study aimed to explore different characteristics of brain activation among target-oriented kinesthetic imagery (KI) and visual imagery (VI) in the first-person (VI-1) and third-person (VI-3) perspectives. Eighteen healthy volunteers were evaluated for MI ability, trained for the three types of target-oriented MIs, and scanned using 3 T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) under MI and perceptual control conditions, presented in a block design. Post-experimental questionnaires were administered after fMRI. Common brain regions activated during the three types of MI were the left premotor area and inferior parietal lobule, irrespective of the MI modalities or perspectives. Contrast analyses showed significantly increased brain activation only in the contrast of KI versus VI-1 and KI versus VI-3 for considerably extensive brain regions, including the supplementary motor area and insula. Neural activity in the orbitofrontal cortex and cerebellum during VI-1 and KI was significantly correlated with MI ability measured by mental chronometry and a self-reported questionnaire, respectively. These results can provide a basis in developing MI-based protocols for neurorehabilitation to improve motor recovery and BCI training in severely paralyzed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Hyung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunkyung Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Gil Seo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Mo Oh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Seok Nam
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Haeng Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Konkuk University Hospital, 120-1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05030, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gu Kang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moon Suk Bang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Brandwayn N, Restrepo D, Marcela Martinez-Martinez A, Acevedo-Triana C. Effect of fine and gross motor training or motor imagery, delivered via novel or routine modes, on cognitive function. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2019; 27:450-467. [PMID: 30806078 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2019.1566133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
There is extensive literature linking motor activity to cognitive effects at various stages in life, promoting both development and the reduction of aging associated pathologies. It is unclear whether the benefits of this activity on the cognitive level are associated with brain functions that are necessary for their performance or recurrence of activity or type of activity itself. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the type of motor activity (fine, gross, and motor imagery) in two modes (novel and routine) can affect cognitive functions such as attention, executive functions, and praxis in college students. A 2 × 3 factorial design with repeated measures was used without a control group and pre- and post-training evaluation. Fifty-three young people (14 men and 39 women) participated, with mean age of 18.94 years (SD = 1.61 years) and were divided into six groups. Each of the groups performed relevant training 20 minutes per day for five days depending on the group. Measures were taken pre and post-training for attention tests, attention span, working memory, visual constructive skills, procedural memory, and motor skills. The results show a "learning effect" from the exposure to the tests in measurements after training. It was also found that between groups, there is a difference in some of the variables of procedural memory (number of errors) and working memory. More extensive training could better reflect the effects of the training, and longitudinal evaluation could show the rate of change of functions. The main clinical implication could be the evaluation of training programs for recovery and motor training in cerebral plasticity having effect on the cognitive aspects.
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19
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Santoro S, Lo Buono V, Corallo F, Cartella E, Micchia K, Palmeri R, Arcadi FA, Bramanti A, Marino S. Motor imagery in stroke patients: a descriptive review on a multidimensional ability. Int J Neurosci 2019; 129:821-832. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1567509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Santoro
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Department of Neurobioimaging, Messina, Italy
| | - Viviana Lo Buono
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Department of Neurobioimaging, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Corallo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Department of Neurobioimaging, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cartella
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Department of Neurobioimaging, Messina, Italy
| | - Katia Micchia
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Department of Neurobioimaging, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Palmeri
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Department of Neurobioimaging, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Department of Neurobioimaging, Messina, Italy
| | - Silvia Marino
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Department of Neurobioimaging, Messina, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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20
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Mehler DMA, Williams AN, Krause F, Lührs M, Wise RG, Turner DL, Linden DEJ, Whittaker JR. The BOLD response in primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area during kinesthetic motor imagery based graded fMRI neurofeedback. Neuroimage 2019; 184:36-44. [PMID: 30205210 PMCID: PMC6264383 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in exploring the use of functional MRI neurofeedback (fMRI-NF) as a therapeutic technique for a range of neurological conditions such as stroke and Parkinson's disease (PD). One main therapeutic potential of fMRI-NF is to enhance volitional control of damaged or dysfunctional neural nodes and networks via a closed-loop feedback model using mental imagery as the catalyst of self-regulation. The choice of target node/network and direction of regulation (increase or decrease activity) are central design considerations in fMRI-NF studies. Whilst it remains unclear whether the primary motor cortex (M1) can be activated during motor imagery, the supplementary motor area (SMA) has been robustly activated during motor imagery. Such differences in the regulation potential between primary and supplementary motor cortex are important because these areas can be differentially affected by a stroke or PD, and the choice of fMRI-NF target and grade of self-regulation of activity likely have substantial influence on the clinical effects and cost effectiveness of NF-based interventions. In this study we therefore investigated firstly whether healthy subjects would be able to achieve self-regulation of the hand-representation areas of M1 and the SMA using fMRI-NF training. There was a significant decrease in M1 neural activity during fMRI-NF, whereas SMA neural activity was increased, albeit not with the predicated graded effect. This study has important implications for fMRI-NF protocols that employ motor imagery to modulate activity in specific target regions of the brain and to determine how they may be tailored for neurorehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M A Mehler
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom; Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Angharad N Williams
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Krause
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Lührs
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Brain Innovation B.V, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229 EV, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G Wise
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan L Turner
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, London, E15 4LZ, United Kingdom
| | - David E J Linden
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom; Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom; School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph R Whittaker
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom; School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom.
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Gant K, Guerra S, Zimmerman L, Parks BA, Prins NW, Prasad A. EEG-controlled functional electrical stimulation for hand opening and closing in chronic complete cervical spinal cord injury. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aabb13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Cole EJ, Barraclough NE, Enticott PG. Investigating Mirror System (MS) Activity in Adults with ASD When Inferring Others' Intentions Using Both TMS and EEG. J Autism Dev Disord 2018; 48:2350-2367. [PMID: 29453710 PMCID: PMC5996018 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-018-3492-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
ASD is associated with mentalizing deficits that may correspond with atypical mirror system (MS) activation. We investigated MS activity in adults with and without ASD when inferring others' intentions using TMS-induced motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and mu suppression measured by EEG. Autistic traits were measured for all participants. Our EEG data show, high levels of autistic traits predicted reduced right mu (8-10 Hz) suppression when mentalizing. Higher left mu (8-10 Hz) suppression was associated with superior mentalizing performances. Eye-tracking and TMS data showed no differences associated with autistic traits. Our data suggest ASD is associated with reduced right MS activity when mentalizing, TMS-induced MEPs and mu suppression measure different aspects of MS functioning and the MS is directly involved in inferring intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor J Cole
- The Department of Psychology, The University of York, Heslington, York, North Yorkshire, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Nick E Barraclough
- The Department of Psychology, The University of York, Heslington, York, North Yorkshire, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Peter G Enticott
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Health, Deakin University Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Melbourne, VIC, 3125, Australia
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Kemlin C, Moulton E, Samson Y, Rosso C. Do Motor Imagery Performances Depend on the Side of the Lesion at the Acute Stage of Stroke? Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:321. [PMID: 27445761 PMCID: PMC4921466 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery has been considered a substitute for overt motor execution to study post-stroke motor recovery. However, motor imagery abilities at the acute stage (<3 weeks) are poorly known. The aim of this study was to compare explicit and implicit motor imagery abilities in stroke patients and healthy subjects, correlate them with motor function, and investigate the role of right or left hemisphere lesions on performance. Twenty-four stroke patients at the acute stage and 24 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers performed implicit (Hand Laterality Judgment Task) and explicit (number of imagined/executed hand movements) motor imagery tasks and a clinical motor assessment. Differences between healthy subjects and patients as well as the impact of lesion side on motor imagery were studied using ANOVA. We analyzed the relationship between motor executed and imagined movements (temporal congruence) using Pearson correlations. Our study shows that for implicit imagery, stroke patients had slower reaction times [RTs, t(46) = 1.7, p = 0.02] and higher error rates for the affected hand [t(46) = 3.7, p < 0.01] yet shared similar characteristics [angle effect: F(1,46) = 30.8, p ≤ 0.0001] with respect to healthy subjects. For the unaffected hand, right-sided stroke patients had a higher error rate and similar RTs whereas left sided stroke had higher RTs but similar error rate than healthy subjects. For explicit imagery, patients exhibited bilateral deficits compared to healthy subjects in the executed and imagined condition (p < 0.0001). Patients and healthy subjects exhibited a temporal congruence between executed and imagined movements (p ≤ 0.04) except for right-sided strokes who had no correlation for both hands. When using motor imagery as a tool for upper limb rehabilitation early after stroke, caution must be taken related to the side of the lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Kemlin
- APHP, Urgences Cérébro-Vasculaires, Hôpital Pitié-SalpêtrièreParis, France; APHP, Service de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation, Hôpital Pitié-SalpêtrièreParis, France; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinièreParis, France; UPMC Paris 6, INSERM, U1127; CNRS, UMR 7225Paris, France; CONAM, UPMC Paris 6, INSERM, U1127, CNRS, UMR 7225Paris, France
| | - Eric Moulton
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinièreParis, France; UPMC Paris 6, INSERM, U1127; CNRS, UMR 7225Paris, France; CONAM, UPMC Paris 6, INSERM, U1127, CNRS, UMR 7225Paris, France
| | - Yves Samson
- APHP, Urgences Cérébro-Vasculaires, Hôpital Pitié-SalpêtrièreParis, France; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinièreParis, France; UPMC Paris 6, INSERM, U1127; CNRS, UMR 7225Paris, France; COGIMAGE, UPMC Paris 6, INSERM, U1127, CNRS, UMR 7225Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Rosso
- APHP, Urgences Cérébro-Vasculaires, Hôpital Pitié-SalpêtrièreParis, France; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinièreParis, France; UPMC Paris 6, INSERM, U1127; CNRS, UMR 7225Paris, France; CONAM, UPMC Paris 6, INSERM, U1127, CNRS, UMR 7225Paris, France
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Kraft E, Schaal MC, Lule D, König E, Scheidtmann K. The functional anatomy of motor imagery after sub-acute stroke. NeuroRehabilitation 2016; 36:329-37. [PMID: 26409336 DOI: 10.3233/nre-151221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neural correlates of motor imagery (MI) are tightly coupled with the cortical motor control network. Therefore MI may have therapeutic potential for patients with motor deficits after an ischemic stroke. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to assess the hemispheric balance of the cortical motor network during motor imagery (MI) in patients recovering from stroke in the sub-acute stage. METHODS We studied 17 patients after cerebral ischemic stroke (sub-acute stage) and 12 healthy subjects using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) during motor imagery and performance of isometric grip force movements (5 Newton). Laterality indices (LI) were calculated from regional activation analysis to assess hemispheric distribution of activity in pre-specified motor areas. RESULTS Laterality index (LI) revealed a more balanced cortical activity in MI for both controls (-0.03) and patients (-0.12) in the premotor cortex compared to movement execution (0.48 controls; 0.12 patients) and a trend towards a shift in contra-lesional activity in stroke patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate a preserved interhemispheric balance of patients in the sub-acute stage when activating the cortical motor areas during MI. This could provide a reasonable physiologic baseline for using MI as an additional rehabilitative therapy for improving functional recovery in the sub-acute stage after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Kraft
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
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Oostra KM, Van Bladel A, Vanhoonacker ACL, Vingerhoets G. Damage to Fronto-Parietal Networks Impairs Motor Imagery Ability after Stroke: A Voxel-Based Lesion Symptom Mapping Study. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:5. [PMID: 26869894 PMCID: PMC4740776 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mental practice with motor imagery has been shown to promote motor skill acquisition in healthy subjects and patients. Although lesions of the common motor imagery and motor execution neural network are expected to impair motor imagery ability, functional equivalence appears to be at least partially preserved in stroke patients. Aim: To identify brain regions that are mandatory for preserved motor imagery ability after stroke. Method:Thirty-seven patients with hemiplegia after a first time stroke participated. Motor imagery ability was measured using a Motor Imagery questionnaire and temporal congruence test. A voxelwise lesion symptom mapping approach was used to identify neural correlates of motor imagery in this cohort within the first year post-stroke. Results: Poor motor imagery vividness was associated with lesions in the left putamen, left ventral premotor cortex and long association fibers linking parieto-occipital regions with the dorsolateral premotor and prefrontal areas. Poor temporal congruence was otherwise linked to lesions in the more rostrally located white matter of the superior corona radiata. Conclusion: This voxel-based lesion symptom mapping study confirms the association between white matter tract lesions and impaired motor imagery ability, thus emphasizing the importance of an intact fronto-parietal network for motor imagery. Our results further highlight the crucial role of the basal ganglia and premotor cortex when performing motor imagery tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine M Oostra
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ghent University Hospital Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anke Van Bladel
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann C L Vanhoonacker
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ghent University Hospital Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Vingerhoets
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
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Brain Regions Associated to a Kinesthetic Illusion Evoked by Watching a Video of One's Own Moving Hand. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131970. [PMID: 26287488 PMCID: PMC4544853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that kinesthetic illusions can be induced by stimulation of several sensory systems (proprioception, touch, vision…). In this study we investigated the cerebral network underlying a kinesthetic illusion induced by visual stimulation by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans. Participants were instructed to keep their hand still while watching the video of their own moving hand (Self Hand) or that of someone else's moving hand (Other Hand). In the Self Hand condition they experienced an illusory sensation that their hand was moving whereas the Other Hand condition did not induce any kinesthetic illusion. The contrast between the Self Hand and Other Hand conditions showed significant activation in the left dorsal and ventral premotor cortices, in the left Superior and Inferior Parietal lobules, at the right Occipito-Temporal junction as well as in bilateral Insula and Putamen. Most strikingly, there was no activation in the primary motor and somatosensory cortices, whilst previous studies have reported significant activation in these regions for vibration-induced kinesthetic illusions. To our knowledge, this is the first study that indicates that humans can experience kinesthetic perception without activation in the primary motor and somatosensory areas. We conclude that under some conditions watching a video of one's own moving hand could lead to activation of a network that is usually involved in processing copies of efference, thus leading to the illusory perception that the real hand is indeed moving.
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McInnes K, Friesen C, Boe S. Specific Brain Lesions Impair Explicit Motor Imagery Ability: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2015; 97:478-489.e1. [PMID: 26254950 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine which neurologic disorders/lesions impair or restrict motor imagery (MI) ability. DATA SOURCES CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsychINFO, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, and Grey Literature were searched between May 8 and May 14, 2014. Keywords and Medical Subject Headings from 2 concepts (MI and lesion) were exploded to include related search terms (eg, mental practice/mental imagery, neurologic damage/lesion). STUDY SELECTION Two independent reviewers assessed the 3861 studies that resulted from the database search. The studies were assessed for relevancy using the following inclusion criteria: use of explicit kinesthetic MI; neurologic lesion location identified; and use of an MI ability assessment tool. DATA EXTRACTION Twenty-three studies encompassing 196 participants were included. The 23 studies used 8 different methods for assessing MI ability. MI assessment scores were then normalized to facilitate comparison across studies. DATA SYNTHESIS Lesion locations comprised many brain areas, including cortical (eg, parietal and frontal lobes), subcortical (eg, basal ganglia, thalamus), and cerebellum. Lesion etiology primarily was comprised of stroke and Parkinson disease. Several participants presented with lesions resulting from other pathologies. Subjects with parietal lobe damage were most impaired on their ability to perform MI. Subjects with frontal lobe and basal ganglia damage also consistently showed impairment in MI ability. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with damage to specific brain structures, including the parietal and frontal lobes, showed impaired MI ability. As such, MI-based neurorehabilitation may not be efficacious in all patient populations. Therefore, decisions related to the use of MI in neurorehabilitation should, in part, be based on the patient's underlying pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry McInnes
- Laboratory for Brain Recovery and Function, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; School of Physiotherapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Christopher Friesen
- Laboratory for Brain Recovery and Function, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Shaun Boe
- Laboratory for Brain Recovery and Function, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; School of Physiotherapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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Bajaj S, Butler AJ, Drake D, Dhamala M. Brain effective connectivity during motor-imagery and execution following stroke and rehabilitation. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2015; 8:572-82. [PMID: 26236627 PMCID: PMC4501560 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Brain areas within the motor system interact directly or indirectly during motor-imagery and motor-execution tasks. These interactions and their functionality can change following stroke and recovery. How brain network interactions reorganize and recover their functionality during recovery and treatment following stroke are not well understood. To contribute to answering these questions, we recorded blood oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals from 10 stroke survivors and evaluated dynamical causal modeling (DCM)-based effective connectivity among three motor areas: primary motor cortex (M1), pre-motor cortex (PMC) and supplementary motor area (SMA), during motor-imagery and motor-execution tasks. We compared the connectivity between affected and unaffected hemispheres before and after mental practice and combined mental practice and physical therapy as treatments. The treatment (intervention) period varied in length between 14 to 51 days but all patients received the same dose of 60 h of treatment. Using Bayesian model selection (BMS) approach in the DCM approach, we found that, after intervention, the same network dominated during motor-imagery and motor-execution tasks but modulatory parameters suggested a suppressive influence of SM A on M1 during the motor-imagery task whereas the influence of SM A on M1 was unrestricted during the motor-execution task. We found that the intervention caused a reorganization of the network during both tasks for unaffected as well as for the affected hemisphere. Using Bayesian model averaging (BMA) approach, we found that the intervention improved the regional connectivity among the motor areas during both the tasks. The connectivity between PMC and M1 was stronger in motor-imagery tasks whereas the connectivity from PMC to M1, SM A to M1 dominated in motor-execution tasks. There was significant behavioral improvement (p = 0.001) in sensation and motor movements because of the intervention as reflected by behavioral Fugl-Meyer (FMA) measures, which were significantly correlated (p = 0.05) with a subset of connectivity. These findings suggest that PMC and M1 play a crucial role during motor-imagery as well as during motor-execution task. In addition, M1 causes more exchange of causal information among motor areas during a motor-execution task than during a motor-imagery task due to its interaction with SM A. This study expands our understanding of motor network involved during two different tasks, which are commonly used during rehabilitation following stroke. A clear understanding of the effective connectivity networks leads to a better treatment in helping stroke survivors regain motor ability. Brain motor effective connectivity can change due to stroke and during recovery. Rehabilitative treatments caused significant changes in motor and sensation scores. Behavioral improvements were accompanied by specific changes in brain connectivity. SMA exerted a suppressive driving to M1 during motor imagery. SMA-to-M1connectivity was positively modulated during actual motor execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Bajaj
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew J Butler
- Byrdine F. Lewis School of Nursing & Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA ; Department of Veteran's Affairs, Atlanta Rehabilitation Research and Development Center of Excellence, Decatur, GA, USA ; Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel Drake
- Byrdine F. Lewis School of Nursing & Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mukesh Dhamala
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA ; Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA ; Center for Nano-Optics, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Bajaj S, Butler AJ, Drake D, Dhamala M. Functional organization and restoration of the brain motor-execution network after stroke and rehabilitation. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:173. [PMID: 25870557 PMCID: PMC4378298 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple cortical areas of the human brain motor system interact coherently in the low frequency range (<0.1 Hz), even in the absence of explicit tasks. Following stroke, cortical interactions are functionally disturbed. How these interactions are affected and how the functional organization is regained from rehabilitative treatments as people begin to recover motor behaviors has not been systematically studied. We recorded the intrinsic functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals from 30 participants: 17 young healthy controls and 13 aged stroke survivors. Stroke participants underwent mental practice (MP) or both mental practice and physical therapy (MP+PT) within 14-51 days following stroke. We investigated the network activity of five core areas in the motor-execution network, consisting of the left primary motor area (LM1), the right primary motor area (RM1), the left pre-motor cortex (LPMC), the right pre-motor cortex (RPMC) and the supplementary motor area (SMA). We discovered that (i) the network activity dominated in the frequency range 0.06-0.08 Hz for all the regions, and for both able-bodied and stroke participants (ii) the causal information flow between the regions: LM1 and SMA, RPMC and SMA, RPMC and LM1, SMA and RM1, SMA and LPMC, was reduced significantly for stroke survivors (iii) the flow did not increase significantly after MP alone and (iv) the flow among the regions during MP+PT increased significantly. We also found that sensation and motor scores were significantly higher and correlated with directed functional connectivity measures when the stroke-survivors underwent MP+PT but not MP alone. The findings provide evidence that a combination of mental practice and physical therapy can be an effective means of treatment for stroke survivors to recover or regain the strength of motor behaviors, and that the spectra of causal information flow can be used as a reliable biomarker for evaluating rehabilitation in stroke survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Bajaj
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew J Butler
- Department of Physical Therapy, Byrdine F. Lewis School of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University Atlanta, GA, USA ; Department of Veteran's Affairs, Atlanta Rehabilitation Research and Development Center of Excellence Decatur, GA, USA ; Neuroscience Institute, Joint Center for Advanced Brain Imaging, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel Drake
- Department of Physical Therapy, Byrdine F. Lewis School of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mukesh Dhamala
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University Atlanta, GA, USA ; Neuroscience Institute, Joint Center for Advanced Brain Imaging, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University Atlanta, GA, USA
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Manan HA, Franz EA, NazlimYusoff A, Mukari SZMS. Aging effects on working memory: Fronto-parietal network involvement on tasks involving speech stimuli. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.npbr.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Dodakian L, Campbell Stewart J, Cramer SC. Motor imagery during movement activates the brain more than movement alone after stroke: a pilot study. J Rehabil Med 2014; 46:843-8. [PMID: 25182189 DOI: 10.2340/16501977-1844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the neural correlates of motor imagery performed in conjunction with movement of the paretic arm after stroke. DESIGN Cross-sectional, cohort study. SUBJECTS Seven individuals in the chronic phase of stroke recovery (median (range): age: 58 years (37-73); time post-stroke: 9 months (4-42); upper extremity Fugl-Meyer motor score: 48 (36-64)). METHODS Participants actively moved the paretic/right arm under two conditions while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. In the motor condition, pronation/supination movements were made in response to a visual cue. In the motor + imagery condition, the same movements were performed in response to a visual cue but the participants were instructed to imagine opening and closing a doorknob during performance of the movement. RESULTS For the motor condition, the anticipated motor network was activated and included left sensorimotor cortex and right cerebellum. For performance of the same movements during the motor + imagery condition, additional brain regions were significantly engaged including the left inferior parietal lobule and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS The addition of motor imagery to movement may provide a practical, accessible way to modulate activity in both the planning and execution components of the motor network after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Dodakian
- Departments of Neurology and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, USA
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Liu H, Song LP, Zhang T. Mental practice combined with physical practice to enhance hand recovery in stroke patients. Behav Neurol 2014; 2014:876416. [PMID: 25435713 PMCID: PMC4241695 DOI: 10.1155/2014/876416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether combining mental practice with physical practice training enhances hand function in patients with stroke. METHODS 10 for treatment and 10 for control were recruited for this pre/posttraining matched case control study. In the treatment group, subjects underwent combining mental practice with physical practice for four weeks. In the control group, subjects only participated in physical practice. Change of hand function and the number of activated voxels of the contralateral somatosensory motor cortex (SMC) acquired by functional magnetic resonance imaging were measured. RESULTS After training, the Action Research Arm Test score increased by 12.65 for treatment and by 5.20 for control. There was a significant difference in the Action Research Arm Test score between the two groups (P = 0.04). The activated voxels number of the contralateral SMC increased in both groups, but the activated voxels number in the contralateral SMC and the improvement of hand function for treatment were greater than for control. In the treatment group, the number of activated voxels of the contralateral SMC was positively correlated with better hand function scores. CONCLUSIONS Combining mental practice with physical practice may be a more effective treatment strategy than physical training alone for hand recovery in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liu
- Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, No. 10 Jiaomenbei Road, Beijing 100068, China
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, School of Kinesiology and Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lu-ping Song
- Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, No. 10 Jiaomenbei Road, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, No. 10 Jiaomenbei Road, Beijing 100068, China
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Young BM, Nigogosyan Z, Walton LM, Song J, Nair VA, Grogan SW, Tyler ME, Edwards DF, Caldera K, Sattin JA, Williams JC, Prabhakaran V. Changes in functional brain organization and behavioral correlations after rehabilitative therapy using a brain-computer interface. FRONTIERS IN NEUROENGINEERING 2014; 7:26. [PMID: 25076886 PMCID: PMC4097124 DOI: 10.3389/fneng.2014.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the changes in task-related brain activity induced by rehabilitative therapy using brain-computer interface (BCI) technologies and whether these changes are relevant to functional gains achieved through the use of these therapies. Stroke patients with persistent upper-extremity motor deficits received interventional rehabilitation therapy using a closed-loop neurofeedback BCI device (n = 8) or no therapy (n = 6). Behavioral assessments using the Stroke Impact Scale, the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), and the Nine-Hole Peg Test (9-HPT) as well as task-based fMRI scans were conducted before, during, after, and 1 month after therapy administration or at analogous intervals in the absence of therapy. Laterality Index (LI) values during finger tapping of each hand were calculated for each time point and assessed for correlation with behavioral outcomes. Brain activity during finger tapping of each hand shifted over the course of BCI therapy, but not in the absence of therapy, to greater involvement of the non-lesioned hemisphere (and lesser involvement of the stroke-lesioned hemisphere) as measured by LI. Moreover, changes from baseline LI values during finger tapping of the impaired hand were correlated with gains in both objective and subjective behavioral measures. These findings suggest that the administration of interventional BCI therapy can induce differential changes in brain activity patterns between the lesioned and non-lesioned hemispheres and that these brain changes are associated with changes in specific motor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M Young
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA ; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA ; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zack Nigogosyan
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
| | - Léo M Walton
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
| | - Veena A Nair
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
| | - Scott W Grogan
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mitchell E Tyler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dorothy F Edwards
- Departments of Kinesiology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kristin Caldera
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
| | - Justin A Sattin
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
| | - Justin C Williams
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
| | - Vivek Prabhakaran
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA ; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA ; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA ; Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI, USA
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Di Rienzo F, Collet C, Hoyek N, Guillot A. Impact of Neurologic Deficits on Motor Imagery: A Systematic Review of Clinical Evaluations. Neuropsychol Rev 2014; 24:116-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s11065-014-9257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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de Vries S, Tepper M, Feenstra W, Oosterveld H, Boonstra AM, Otten B. Motor imagery ability in stroke patients: the relationship between implicit and explicit motor imagery measures. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:790. [PMID: 24312044 PMCID: PMC3832786 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is little consensus on how motor imagery ability should be measured in stroke patients. In particular it is unclear how two methods tapping different aspects of the motor imagery process relate to each other. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between implicit and explicit motor imagery ability by comparing performance of stroke patients and controls on a motor imagery questionnaire and a hand laterality judgment task (HLJT). Sixteen ischemic stroke patients (36 ± 13 weeks post-stroke) and 16 controls, matched by age (51 ± 10 years), gender (7 females) and handedness (3 left-handed), performed a HLJT and completed a motor imagery questionnaire. Our study shows that neither in the healthy controls nor in patients, a correlation is found between the HLJT and the motor imagery questionnaire. Although the patient group scored significantly lower than the control group on the visual motor imagery component (U = 60; p = 0.010) and the kinesthetic motor imagery component (U = 63.5; p = 0.015) of the questionnaire, there were no significant differences between patients and controls on accuracy scores of the HLJT. Analyses of the reaction time profiles of patients and controls showed that patient were still able to use an implicit motor imagery strategy in the HLJT task. Our results show that after stroke performance on tests that measure two different aspects of motor imagery ability, e.g., implicit and explicit motor imagery, can be differently affected. These results articulate the complex relation phenomenological experience and the different components of motor imagery have and caution the use of one tool as an instrument for use in screening, selecting and monitoring stroke patients in rehabilitation settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd de Vries
- Centre for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands ; Research Centre for Health, Social Work & Technology, School of Applied Psychology, Saxion University of Applied Sciences Deventer, Netherlands
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MacIntyre TE, Moran AP, Collet C, Guillot A. An emerging paradigm: a strength-based approach to exploring mental imagery. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:104. [PMID: 23554591 PMCID: PMC3612690 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental imagery, or the ability to simulate in the mind information that is not currently perceived by the senses, has attracted considerable research interest in psychology since the early 1970's. Within the past two decades, research in this field-as in cognitive psychology more generally-has been dominated by neuroscientific methods that typically involve comparisons between imagery performance of participants from clinical populations with those who exhibit apparently normal cognitive functioning. Although this approach has been valuable in identifying key neural substrates of visual imagery, it has been less successful in understanding the possible mechanisms underlying another simulation process, namely, motor imagery or the mental rehearsal of actions without engaging in the actual movements involved. In order to address this oversight, a "strength-based" approach has been postulated which is concerned with understanding those on the high ability end of the imagery performance spectrum. Guided by the expert performance approach and principles of ecological validity, converging methods have the potential to enable imagery researchers to investigate the neural "signature" of elite performers, for example. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explain the origin, nature, and implications of the strength-based approach to mental imagery. Following a brief explanation of the background to this latter approach, we highlight some important theoretical advances yielded by recent research on mental practice, mental travel, and meta-imagery processes in expert athletes and dancers. Next, we consider the methodological implications of using a strength-based approach to investigate imagery processes. The implications for the field of motor cognition are outlined and specific research questions, in dynamic imagery, imagery perspective, measurement, multi-sensory imagery, and metacognition that may benefit from this approach in the future are sketched briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadhg E. MacIntyre
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of LimerickLimerick, Ireland
| | | | - Christian Collet
- Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1France
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1France
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Early and Late Shift of Brain Laterality in STG, HG, and Cerebellum with Normal Aging during a Short-Term Memory Task. ISRN NEUROLOGY 2013; 2013:892072. [PMID: 23533806 PMCID: PMC3600174 DOI: 10.1155/2013/892072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that cognitive performance deteriorates in noisy backgrounds and the problems are more pronounced in older people due to brain deficits and changes. The present study used functional MRI (fMRI) to investigate the neural correlates of this phenomenon during short-term memory using a forward repeat task performed in quiet (STMQ) and in noise: 5-dB SNR (STMN) on four groups of participants of different ages. The performance of short-term memory tasks was measured behaviourally. No significant difference was found across age groups in STMQ. However, older adults (50–65 year olds) performed relatively poorly on the STMN. fMRI results on the laterality index indicate changes in hemispheric laterality in the superior temporal gyrus (STG), Heschl's gyrus (HG), and cerebellum, and a leftward asymmetry in younger participants which changes to a more rightward asymmetry in older participants. The results also indicate that the onset of the laterality shift varies from one brain region to another. STG and HG show a late shift while the cerebellum shows an earlier shift. The results also reveal that noise influences this shifting. Finally, the results support the hypothesis that functional networks that underlie STG, HG, and cerebellum undergo reorganization to compensate for the neural deficit/cognitive decline.
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