1
|
Widiatmaja DM, Lutvyani A, Sari DR, Kurniasari H, Meiliana ID, Fasitasari M, Yamaoka Y, Rejeki PS. The effect of long-term ketogenic diet on serum adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels in mice. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 33:611-618. [PMID: 34674405 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2021-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Noncommunicable disease (NCD) including obesity, cancer, and diabetes has become particular concern worldwide due to its morbidity and mortality which keep increasing annually. Adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are known to be substances that are involved in the development of NCD. Several diet regimens have been developed to treat NCD, one of which is the ketogenic diet (KD). This study aimed to analyze the long-term KD effect on serum adiponectin and IGF-1 levels in mice. METHODS This study was a real experimental with post-test only controls group design. The subjects were 14 male mice (2-3 months, 20-30 g) were randomly divided into two groups, K1 (n=7, standard diet) and K2 (n=7, KD with a composition of 60% fat, 30% protein, and 10% fiber). All subjects were given diet intervention for 8 weeks ad libitum. Serum adiponectin and IGF levels were measured in post-intervention using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Distribution of normality was analyzed by the Shapiro-Wilk Test, mean difference using Independent T-Test, and linear correlation using Pearson's Correlation Test. Data analysis was performed using Statistic Package for Social Science Version 16. RESULTS Serum adiponectin levels in K1 (0.080 ± 0.012) pg/mL and K2 (0.099 ± 0.005) pg/mL, with p=0.003. Serum IGF-1 levels in K1 (133.535 ± 25.702) ng/mL and K2 (109.987 ± 27.118) ng/mL, with p=0.121. Coefficient correlation between serum adiponectin and serum IGF-1 levels [r]=-0.401, with p=0.155. CONCLUSIONS Long-term KD increases serum adiponectin levels and has no effect on serum IGF-1 levels. There was no significant correlation between serum adiponectin and serum IGF-1 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deandra M Widiatmaja
- Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Alif Lutvyani
- Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Desi R Sari
- Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hamidah Kurniasari
- Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ismi D Meiliana
- Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Minidian Fasitasari
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung/Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Purwo S Rejeki
- Physiology Division, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Elsalem L, Alfaqih MA, Al Bashir S, Halalsheh O, Basheer HA, Mhedat K, Khader Y, Pors K. Genetic variation in the ADIPOQ gene and serum adiponectin increase the risk of bladder cancer. J Appl Biomed 2022; 20:106-113. [DOI: 10.32725/jab.2022.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
3
|
Morbid Obesity and Thyroid Cancer Rate. A Review of Literature. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10091894. [PMID: 33925549 PMCID: PMC8123763 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past three decades, several recent studies have analyzed the alarming increase of obesity worldwide, and it has been well established that the risk of many types of malignancies is increased in obese individuals; in the same period, thyroid cancer has become the fastest growing cancer of all malignancies. We investigated the current literature to underline the presence of a connection between excess body weight or Body Mass Index (BMI) and risk of thyroid cancer. Previous studies stated that the contraposition between adipocytes and adipose-resident immune cells enhances immune cell production of multiple pro-inflammatory factors with subsequent induction of hyperlipidemia and vascular injury; these factors are all associated with oxidative stress and cancer development and/or progression. Moreover, recent studies made clear the mitogenic and tumorigenic action of insulin, carried out through the stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide-3 kinase/AKT (PI3K/AKT) pathways, which is correlated to the hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia found in obese population. Our findings suggest that obesity and excess body weight are related to an increased risk of thyroid cancer and that the mechanisms that combine overweight with this cancer should be searched for in the adipokine pathways and chronic inflammation onset.
Collapse
|
4
|
De Breucker S, Luce S, Njemini R, Bautmans I, Decoster L, Mets T, Pepersack T. Analysis of inflammatory markers and hormones in old cancer patients: A descriptive study. Exp Gerontol 2019; 130:110787. [PMID: 31794851 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Advanced cancers are associated with a chronic inflammation, especially high interleukin-6 (IL-6) and with various levels of adipokines (leptin and adiponectin), while ghrelin counteracts the anorexigenic effect of leptin in cancer-induced anorexia-cachexia syndrome. We aimed to understand how IL-6, adipokines and ghrelin plasma levels could be influenced by cancer on the one hand, and by age, frailty, and nutritional status in old cancer patients on the other hand. Ninety-nine patients aged 79[76-83] years old were included. Sixty-six percent had advanced stages of cancer, and 34% had cachexia. Fifty percent were at risk of malnutrition, and 10% had overt malnutrition. None of the variables studied was significantly correlated with the advanced stage, or cachexia. In multiple regression, the only parameter significantly and positively associated with age was adiponectin (p = 0.008). Despite a high prevalence of frailty in our study, we did not find any independent association of frailty (assessed by G8) with IL-6, leptin, adiponectin, or ghrelin in multivariate analysis. We observed that a low albumin level was independently associated with a higher level of IL-6 (p < 0.0001), but not with the MNA score. However, leptin showed a positive correlation with BMI (p < 0.0001), confirming the persistence of a relationship between leptin and adiposity, even in older cancer patients. Finally, high IL-6 level was associated with a higher mortality rate (p = 0.027). In conclusion, IL-6, leptin, adiponectin, and ghrelin are not associated with advanced stages of cancer or cancer-induced cachexia in older subjects with cancer, but they are significantly correlated with anthropometric factors and body composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra De Breucker
- Department of Geriatrics, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sylvie Luce
- Department of Oncology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Rose Njemini
- Frailty in Ageing (FRIA) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ivan Bautmans
- Frailty in Ageing (FRIA) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Lore Decoster
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologisch Centrum, Universitair Ziekenhuis, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Tony Mets
- Frailty in Ageing (FRIA) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Geriatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Thierry Pepersack
- Department of Medical Oncolgy, Oncogeriatric Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard de Waterloo 121, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tumminia A, Vinciguerra F, Parisi M, Graziano M, Sciacca L, Baratta R, Frittitta L. Adipose Tissue, Obesity and Adiponectin: Role in Endocrine Cancer Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122863. [PMID: 31212761 PMCID: PMC6628240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue has been recognized as a complex organ with endocrine and metabolic roles. The excess of fat mass, as occurs during overweight and obesity states, alters the regulation of adipose tissue, contributing to the development of obesity-related disorders. In this regard, many epidemiological studies shown an association between obesity and numerous types of malignancies, comprising those linked to the endocrine system (e.g., breast, endometrial, ovarian, thyroid and prostate cancers). Multiple factors may contribute to this phenomenon, such as hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, abnormal adipokines secretion and metabolism. Among adipokines, growing interest has been placed in recent years on adiponectin (APN) and on its role in carcinogenesis. APN is secreted by adipose tissue and exerts both anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative actions. It has been demonstrated that APN is drastically decreased in obese individuals and that it can play a crucial role in tumor growth. Although literature data on the impact of APN on carcinogenesis are sometimes conflicting, the most accredited hypothesis is that it has a protective action, preventing cancer development and progression. The aim of the present review is to summarize the currently available evidence on the involvement of APN and its signaling in the etiology of cancer, focusing on endocrine malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tumminia
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Federica Vinciguerra
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Miriam Parisi
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Marco Graziano
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Laura Sciacca
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Roberto Baratta
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Lucia Frittitta
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Petruzzellis G, Valentini D, Del Bufalo F, Ceglie G, Carai A, Colafati GS, Agolini E, Diomedi-Camassei F, Corsetti T, Alessi I, Mastronuzzi A, Locatelli F, Cacchione A. Vemurafenib Treatment of Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma in a Child With Down Syndrome. Front Oncol 2019; 9:277. [PMID: 31032231 PMCID: PMC6474392 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are the most common solid neoplasms of childhood, but they are very rarely reported in children with Down Syndrome (DS), who develop more commonly different types of malignancies. In particular, we hereby report the case of an 8-years-old child with DS that presented to our attention for neurological and endocrinological issues. Brain imaging revealed the presence of a mass that was partially resected revealing a histological diagnosis of Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma (PXA), a rare WHO grade II tumor extending from the diencephalic region into the surrounding brain tissue. These tumors can harbor the BRAF mutation p.V600E, targetable by the specific inhibitor Vemurafenib. After confirming the presence of the mutation in the tumor, the patient was treated with Vemurafenib. The treatment proved to be effective, leading to a partial response and a stabilization of the disease. Usually, in patients with DS a reduction of the dose of chemotherapeutic drugs is necessary. Vemurafenib was instead well-tolerated as the only observed adverse effect was grade I skin toxicity. This is, to our knowledge, the first case of a PXA reported in a child with DS and the first DS patient treated with Vemurafenib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Petruzzellis
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Diletta Valentini
- Pediatric and Infectious Disease Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Del Bufalo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Ceglie
- University Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Carai
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Emanuele Agolini
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Paediatric Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Tiziana Corsetti
- Hospital Pharmacy Unit, Children's Hospital and Research Institute 'Bambino Gesù' (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Iside Alessi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Neuro-oncology Unit, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.,Department of Gynecology/Obstetrics and Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Cacchione
- Neuro-oncology Unit, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Izadi V, Larijani B, Azadbakht L. Is Coffee and Green Tea Consumption Related to Serum Levels of Adiponectin and Leptin? Int J Prev Med 2018; 9:106. [PMID: 30622689 PMCID: PMC6298130 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_37_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee and green tea are two of most usual consumed beverages in the world which have several benefit components. Coffee and green tea have significantly inverse correlation with obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Adiponectin and leptin are the adipokines mostly secreted from adipose tissue and play the important roles on the status of chronic diseases. In the present study, we aimed to review the evidence about relationship between these beverages and adiponectin and leptin levels. We searched in PubMed to January 2013 using several key words such as coffee, green tea, caffeine, leptin, adiponectin, and adipokines. Finally, most related articles were recruited in this regard. Several findings suggested the positive association between coffee and adiponectin level. Different studies showed contradictory results regarding green tea and adiponectin level. However, most of them reported the positive role of green tea in adiponectin concentration. Fewer studies are conducted about the association between these beverages and leptin, and their results are controversial. More longitudinal investigations should be conducted in this regard to declare these associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vajihe Izadi
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lu W, Huang Z, Li N, Liu H. Low circulating total adiponectin, especially its non-high-molecular weight fraction, represents a promising risk factor for colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2519-2531. [PMID: 29765231 PMCID: PMC5942166 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s157255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The principal goal of this meta-analysis is to test the hypothesis that circulating total adiponectin or certain fractions may represent a promising biological candidate in modulating the risk of colorectal cancer. Methods The processes of paper identification, paper selection and data extraction were accomplished independently by two authors. Effect-size estimates were expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). A total of 31 papers including 48 qualified studies (7,554 patients with colorectal cancer and 9,798 controls) were meta-analyzed. Results Pooling all studies found that circulating total adiponectin was significantly lower in patients with colorectal cancer than in controls (WMD: −0.76 µg/mL, 95% CI: −1.20 to −0.32, p=0.001), with significant heterogeneity (I2: 94.2%) and low publication bias (Egger’s p=0.336). By adiponectin fractions, the difference in high-molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin was comparable between the two groups (WMD: −0.22 µg/mL, 95% CI: −0.70 to 0.25, p=0.350), while non-HMW adiponectin was significantly lower in patients with colorectal cancer than in controls (WMD: −0.27 µg/mL, 95% CI: −0.35 to −0.19, p<0.001), with marginal heterogeneity (I2: 52.3%). Subgroup analysis revealed that effect-size estimates were heterogeneous when grouping studies by cancer subtype, region, study design, matching status, gender and obesity. Further meta-regression analysis indicated that age and gender were significant potential sources of heterogeneity. The results showed the studied subgroups were not subject to publication bias (Egger’s p<0.1). Conclusion Our data collectively indicate that low circulating total adiponectin, especially its non-HMW fraction, represents a promising risk factor for colorectal cancer. Further studies are needed to explore underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqun Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiliang Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Down Syndrome, Obesity, Alzheimer's Disease, and Cancer: A Brief Review and Hypothesis. Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8040053. [PMID: 29587359 PMCID: PMC5924389 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (trisomy 21), a complex mix of physical, mental, and biochemical issues, includes an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease and childhood leukemia, a decreased risk of other tumors, and a high frequency of overweight/obesity. Certain features related to the third copy of chromosome 21 (which carries the APP gene and several anti-angiogenesis genes) create an environment favorable for Alzheimer’s disease and unfavorable for cancer. This environment may be enhanced by two bioactive compounds from fat cells, leptin, and adiponectin. This paper outlines these fat-related disease mechanisms and suggests new avenues of research to reduce disease risk in Down syndrome.
Collapse
|
10
|
Harris KL, Pulliam SR, Okoro E, Guo Z, Washington MK, Adunyah SE, Amos-Landgraf JM, Ramesh A. Western diet enhances benzo(a)pyrene-induced colon tumorigenesis in a polyposis in rat coli (PIRC) rat model of colon cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:28947-60. [PMID: 26959117 PMCID: PMC5045369 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of Western diet (WD), contaminated with environmental toxicants, has been implicated as one of the risk factors for sporadic colon cancer. Our earlier studies using a mouse model revealed that compared to unsaturated dietary fat, the saturated dietary fat exacerbated the development of colon tumors caused by B(a)P. The objective of this study was to study how WD potentiates B(a)P-induced colon carcinogenesis in the adult male rats that carry a mutation in the Apc locus - the polyposis in the rat colon (PIRC) rats. Groups of PIRC rats were fed with AIN-76A standard diet (RD) or Western diet (WD) and received 25, 50, or 100 μg B(a)P/kg body weight (wt) via oral gavage for 60 days. Subsequent to exposure, rats were euthanized; colons were retrieved and preserved in 10% formalin for counting the polyp numbers, measuring the polyp size, and histological analyses. Blood samples were collected and concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin and leptin were measured. Rats that received WD + B(a)P showed increased levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and leptin in comparison to RD + B(a)P groups or controls. The colon tumor numbers showed a B(a)P dose-response relationship. Adenomas with high grade dysplasia were prominent in B(a)P + WD rats compared to B(a)P + RD rats and controls (p < 0.05). The larger rat model system used in this study allows for studying more advanced tumor phenotypes over a longer duration and delineating the role of diet - toxicant interactions in sporadic colon tumor development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Stephanie R Pulliam
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Emmanuel Okoro
- Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Zhongmao Guo
- Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Mary K Washington
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Samuel E Adunyah
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - James M Amos-Landgraf
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Aramandla Ramesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
D'Hooghe T, Kyriakidi K, Karassa FB, Politis D, Skamnelos A, Christodoulou DK, Katsanos KH. Biomarker Development in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. BIOMARKERS FOR ENDOMETRIOSIS 2017. [PMCID: PMC7122305 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-59856-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease—namely, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis—psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and many others affect millions of people worldwide, causing a high burden of disease, socioeconomic impact, and healthcare cost. These diseases have common features including autoimmune pathogenesis and frequent co morbidity. The treatment of these chronic inflammatory diseases usually requires long-term immunosuppressive therapies with undesirable side effects. The future of chronic inflammatory disease prevention, detection, and treatment will be greatly influenced by the use of more effective biomarkers with enhanced performance. Given the practical issues of collecting tissue samples in inflammatory diseases, biomarkers derived from body fluids have great potential for optimized patient management through the circumvention of the abovementioned limitations. In this chapter, peripheral blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers used in chronic inflammatory conditions are reviewed. In detail, this chapter reviews biomarkers to fore used or emerging to be used in patients with chronic inflammatory conditions. Those include inflammatory bowel diseases, chronic inflammatory conditions of the liver, biliary tract, pancreas, psoriasis, atopic disease, inflammatory skin diseases, rheumatic diseases, demyelination, and also the chronic inflammatory component of various other diseases in general medicine—including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Development of personalized medicine is closely linked to biomarkers, which may serve as the basis for diagnosis, drug discovery, and monitoring of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D'Hooghe
- 0000 0001 0668 7884grid.5596.fDepartment of Development and Regeneration Organ Systems, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang HP, Zou J, Xu ZQ, Ruan J, Yang SD, Yin Y, Mu HJ. Association of leptin, visfatin, apelin, resistin and adiponectin with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:463-468. [PMID: 28123583 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although an association between obesity and the occurrence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been identified, the mechanism by which obesity functions to increase this risk of cancer remains unclear. Leptin, visfatin, apelin, resistin and adiponectin are peptide hormones secreted by adipocytes; it is considered that these may affect RCC development by exerting effects on proliferation, cell growth and inflammation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the aforementioned adipokine genes and clear cell RCC (CC-RCC). The GSE6344 dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and the relative expression levels of the adipokine genes were analyzed. To verify the results of the mRNA microarray, 77 paired samples of CC-RCC and corresponding adjacent normal tissue were allocated into two groups. The extraction of total RNA was conducted, and the mRNA expression of adipokine genes was analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The data from the GSE6344 dataset indicated that the expression of visfatin and apelin was upregulated (P<0.0001 and P<0.01, respectively), and adiponectin was downregulated (P<0.001) in the CC-RCC tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues. The data from RT-qPCR demonstrated that visfatin and resistin gene expression was increased (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively) in the CC-RCC tissues. Furthermore, the mRNA expression level of leptin and adiponectin in the adjacent normal tissue was higher than those in the cancer tissue (P<0.01). The current study verifies that visfatin and adiponectin are associated with an increased risk of CC-RCC, which presents further insights into the molecular mechanisms of CC-RCC tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ping Zhang
- Department of Derma Science Laboratory, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo-Qun Xu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ruan
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Dong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Jun Mu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang Z, Li Z, Ye Y, Xie L, Li W. Oxidative Stress and Liver Cancer: Etiology and Therapeutic Targets. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:7891574. [PMID: 27957239 PMCID: PMC5121466 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7891574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has indicated that oxidative stress (OS) is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanisms remain largely unknown. Normally, OS occurs when the body receives any danger signal-from either an internal or external source-and further induces DNA oxidative damage and abnormal protein expression, placing the body into a state of vulnerability to the development of various diseases such as cancer. There are many factors involved in liver carcinogenesis, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, alcohol abuse, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The relationship between OS and HCC has recently been attracting increasing attention. Therefore, elucidation of the impact of OS on the development of liver carcinogenesis is very important for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer. This review focuses mainly on the relationship between OS and the development of HCC from the perspective of cellular and molecular mechanisms and the etiology and therapeutic targets of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanpeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Zhuonan Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yanshuo Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Lijuan Xie
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Morris EV, Edwards CM. Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue: A New Player in Cancer Metastasis to Bone. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:90. [PMID: 27471491 PMCID: PMC4943927 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow is a favored site for a number of cancers, including the hematological malignancy multiple myeloma, and metastasis of breast and prostate cancer. This specialized microenvironment is highly supportive, not only for tumor growth and survival but also for the development of an associated destructive cancer-induced bone disease. The interactions between tumor cells, osteoclasts and osteoblasts are well documented. By contrast, despite occupying a significant proportion of the bone marrow, the importance of bone marrow adipose tissue is only just emerging. The ability of bone marrow adipocytes to regulate skeletal biology and hematopoiesis, combined with their metabolic activity, endocrine functions, and proximity to tumor cells means that they are ideally placed to impact both tumor growth and bone disease. This review discusses the recent advances in our understanding of how marrow adipose tissue contributes to bone metastasis and cancer-induced bone disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma V. Morris
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire M. Edwards
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- *Correspondence: Claire M. Edwards,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Parikesit D, Mochtar CA, Umbas R, Hamid ARAH. The impact of obesity towards prostate diseases. Prostate Int 2015; 4:1-6. [PMID: 27014656 PMCID: PMC4789344 DOI: 10.1016/j.prnil.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence has supported obesity as a risk factor for both benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). Obesity causes several mechanisms including increased intra-abdominal pressure, altered endocrine status, increased sympathetic nervous activity, increased inflammation process, and oxidative stress, all of which are favorable in the development of BPH. In PCa, there are several different mechanisms, such as decreased serum testosterone, peripheral aromatization of androgens, insulin resistance, and altered adipokine secretion caused by inflammation, which may precipitate the development of and even cause high-grade PCa. The role of obesity in prostatitis still remains unclear. A greater understanding of the pathogenesis of prostate disease and adiposity could allow the development of new therapeutic markers, prognostic indicators, and drug targets. This review was made to help better understanding of the association between central obesity and prostate diseases, such as prostatitis, BPH, and PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dyandra Parikesit
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Chaidir Arief Mochtar
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rainy Umbas
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Guo X, Liu J, You L, Li G, Huang Y, Li Y. Association between adiponectin polymorphisms and the risk of colorectal cancer. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2015; 19:9-13. [PMID: 25489716 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2014.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To discuss the association between adiponectin (ADIPOQ) gene rs2241766 and rs1501299 polymorphisms and the risk of colorectal cancer, and to analyze the role of the interaction between these two loci and environmental factors in colorectal cancer pathogenesis. METHODS The case-control study was performed with a 1:1 match. A self-designed questionnaire was used to perform a face-to-face survey with 600 new primary colorectal cancer cases confirmed by histopathology as well as 600 cases of people receiving a physical examination at the same time. The general information, lifestyle, and diet habits, etc. were collected from two groups of study subjects. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to identify ADIPOQ rs2241766 and rs1501299 genotypes. RESULTS After adjusting for factors such as colorectal cancer family history, body-mass index (BMI), daily sedentary time, weekly red meat intake frequency, as well regular tea drinking, conditional logistic regression analysis indicated that rs2241766 TG+GG carriers had a higher risk of colorectal cancer than TT carriers (OR=1.433, 95% CI: 1.014-1.985); rs1501299 GT+TT carriers had a lower risk of colorectal cancer than GG carriers (OR=0.723, 95% CI: 0.531-0.902). Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis showed that ADIPOQ rs2241766 and rs1501299 could have interaction with red meat intake (p=0.001). CONCLUSION ADIPOQ rs2241766 and rs1501299 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could be associated with colorectal pathogenesis and could have interactions with red meat intake. Both factors impact colorectal cancer occurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- 1 Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ikeda A, Nakagawa T, Kawai K, Onozawa M, Hayashi T, Matsushita Y, Tsutsumi M, Kojima T, Miyazaki J, Nishiyama H. Serum adiponectin concentration in 2,939 Japanese men undergoing screening for prostate cancer. Prostate Int 2015; 3:87-92. [PMID: 26473150 PMCID: PMC4588391 DOI: 10.1016/j.prnil.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent investigations suggest that serum adiponectin levels are negatively associated with the development of aggressive prostate cancer, however, not all epigenetic studies support the inverse association. Methods We analyzed serum adiponectin levels, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, and outcomes of prostate cancer screening of 2,939 participants of a PSA-based screening program conducted by a single institute in Japan. Results The median body mass index (BMI) of the participants was 23.9 kg/m2, and 31% had a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. The adiponectin levels were significantly and negatively correlated with BMI (r = −0.260, P < 0.0001). However, a significant and positive correlation was observed between adiponectin levels and PSA levels (r = 0.054, P = 0.0061). After screening, 24 (0.82%) patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer. Interestingly, the adiponectin levels of the 24 prostate cancer patients (average 9.86 μg/mL) were significantly higher than those of the 2,817 participants with PSA levels < 4 ng/mL (average 7.63 μg/mL) (P = 0.0049). However, when restricted to the eight high-risk prostate cancer patients, the adiponectin levels did not differ from those of the participants with PSA levels < 4 ng/mL. The age-adjusted cancer detection rate of the participants was calculated by stratifying the BMI (cut-off level 25 kg/m2) and adiponectin levels (cut-off level 6.7 μg/mL). The cancer detection rate in the high-BMI and high-adiponectin group was 1.67%, which was the highest among all groups. Conclusions There was a significant positive correlation between adiponectin levels and PSA levels. The present findings also suggest that the incidence of low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer might be increased in overweight men with high serum adiponectin levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Ikeda
- Department of Urology, Hitachi General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Corresponding author. Department of Urology, Hitachi General Hospital, 2-1-1, Jonan-cho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture, 317-0077, Japan.
| | - Toru Nakagawa
- Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koji Kawai
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mizuki Onozawa
- Department of Urology, Tokyo-kita Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yumi Matsushita
- Department of Clinical Research, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Tsutsumi
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kojima
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jun Miyazaki
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishiyama
- Department of Urology, Hitachi General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
- Corresponding author. Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba, 2-1-1, Amakubo, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture, 305-0005, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Takaki A, Yamamoto K. Control of oxidative stress in hepatocellular carcinoma: Helpful or harmful? World J Hepatol 2015; 7:968-979. [PMID: 25954479 PMCID: PMC4419100 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i7.968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is becoming recognized as a key factor in the progression of chronic liver disease (CLD) and hepatocarcinogenesis. The metabolically important liver is a major reservoir of mitochondria that serve as sources of reactive oxygen species, which are apparently responsible for the initiation of necroinflammation. As a result, CLD could be a major inducer of oxidative stress. Chronic hepatitis C is a powerful generator of oxidative stress, causing a high rate of hepatocarcinogenesis among patients with cirrhosis. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is also associated with oxidative stress although its hepatocarcinogenic potential is lower than that of chronic hepatitis C. Analyses of serum markers and histological findings have shown that hepatocellular carcinoma correlates with oxidative stress and experimental data indicate that oxidative stress increases the likelihood of developing hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the results of antioxidant therapy have not been favorable. Physiological oxidative stress is a necessary biological response, and thus adequate control of oxidative stress and a balance between oxidative and anti-oxidative responses is important. Several agents including metformin and L-carnitine can reportedly control mechanistic oxidative stress. This study reviews the importance of oxidative stress in hepatocarcinogenesis and of control strategies for the optimal survival of patients with CLD and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Collapse
|
19
|
Izadi V, Azadbakht L. Specific dietary patterns and concentrations of adiponectin. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 20:178-84. [PMID: 25983773 PMCID: PMC4400715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the adipokines mostly secreted from adipose tissue is adiponectin. Adiponectin is well known as the anti-diabetic, anti-obesity and cardio-protective factor. Present study focused on the review the previous studies about relationship between adherence to healthy dietary pattern, independent of one or two special dietary components, and concentration of adiponectin. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched in PubMed search engine from 2003 to July 2014 using the following key words: Healthy dietary pattern, mediterranean dietary pattern, dietary pattern, diet intervention and adiponectin and adipokines. Then, we recruited 10 articles to review in the present study. RESULTS Cohort studies that are examined this relationship among women showed the strong positive association in this regard. According to cross-sectional studies adherence to healthy dietary pattern like Mediterranian intervention with moderate weight loss had a positive association with concentration of adiponectin. CONCLUSION It seems that adherents to the healthy dietary patterns have great levels of circulating adiponectin. However, it is not clear that whether the separate components of healthy dietary patterns like good sources of fats or protein or fibers mostly have important roles in these beneficial effects of such dietary patterns or not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vajihe Izadi
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Leila Azadbakht, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Izadi V, Azadbakht L. Is there any association between rice consumption and some of the cardiovascular diseases risk factors? A systematic review. ARYA ATHEROSCLEROSIS 2015; 11:109-15. [PMID: 26261458 PMCID: PMC4530655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White rice is considered as a staple food in most population in the world, and there may be an association between rice intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks. The present article was reviewed the correlation between rice intake and CVD and some of its risk factors. METHODS We searched in PubMed, Google scholar, and SCOPUS to February 2015 by using several keywords such as low and high density lipoprotein, triglyceride, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, CVD or risks, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity, lipid profile, and refined grains or rice and white rice. Finally, 14 studies were included in our systematic review. RESULTS There was found a positive association between white rice intake and risk factors of CVD including metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, it seems that there is no any significant correlation between white rice consumption and incidence of CVD and its mortality. CONCLUSION Finding from available data suggested the important roles of higher white rice consumption on CVD risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vajihe Izadi
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Food Security Research Center AND Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Correspondence to: Leila Azadbakht,
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Azadbakht L, Izadi V, Esmaillzadeh A. The Importance of the First Mealtime in Prevalence of Overweightness and Obesity Among Female Adolescents in Isfahan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2014. [DOI: 10.17795/intjsh-24547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
22
|
Aleksandrova K, Boeing H, Nöthlings U, Jenab M, Fedirko V, Kaaks R, Lukanova A, Trichopoulou A, Trichopoulos D, Boffetta P, Trepo E, Westhpal S, Duarte-Salles T, Stepien M, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Halkjær J, Boutron-Ruault MC, Dossus L, Racine A, Lagiou P, Bamia C, Benetou V, Agnoli C, Palli D, Panico S, Tumino R, Vineis P, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Peeters PH, Gram IT, Lund E, Weiderpass E, Quirós JR, Agudo A, Sánchez MJ, Gavrila D, Barricarte A, Dorronsoro M, Ohlsson B, Lindkvist B, Johansson A, Sund M, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Travis RC, Riboli E, Pischon T. Inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers and risk of liver and biliary tract cancer. Hepatology 2014; 60:858-71. [PMID: 24443059 PMCID: PMC4231978 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Obesity and associated metabolic disorders have been implicated in liver carcinogenesis; however, there are little data on the role of obesity-related biomarkers on liver cancer risk. We studied prospectively the association of inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers with risks of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic bile duct (IBD), and gallbladder and biliary tract cancers outside of the liver (GBTC) in a nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Over an average of 7.7 years, 296 participants developed HCC (n=125), GBTC (n=137), or IBD (n=34). Using risk-set sampling, controls were selected in a 2:1 ratio and matched for recruitment center, age, sex, fasting status, and time of blood collection. Baseline serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-peptide, total high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, leptin, fetuin-a, and glutamatdehydrogenase (GLDH) were measured, and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. After adjustment for lifestyle factors, diabetes, hepatitis infection, and adiposity measures, higher concentrations of CRP, IL-6, C-peptide, and non-HMW adiponectin were associated with higher risk of HCC (IRR per doubling of concentrations=1.22; 95% CI=1.02-1.46; P=0.03; 1.90; 95% CI=1.30-2.77; P=0.001; 2.25; 95% CI=1.43-3.54; P=0.0005; and 2.09; 95% CI=1.19-3.67; P=0.01, respectively). CRP was associated also with risk of GBTC (IRR=1.22; 95% CI=1.05-1.42; P=0.01). GLDH was associated with risks of HCC (IRR=1.62; 95% CI=1.25-2.11; P=0.0003) and IBD (IRR=10.5; 95% CI=2.20-50.90; P=0.003). The continuous net reclassification index was 0.63 for CRP, IL-6, C-peptide, and non-HMW adiponectin and 0.46 for GLDH, indicating good predictive ability of these biomarkers. CONCLUSION Elevated levels of biomarkers of inflammation and hyperinsulinemia are associated with a higher risk of HCC, independent of obesity and established liver cancer risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-RehbrückeNuthetal, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-RehbrückeNuthetal, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University of KielKiel, Germany
- Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Nutritional and Food Science, Institut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität BonnBonn, Germany
| | - Mazda Jenab
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/World Health Organization [WHO])Lyon, France
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/World Health Organization [WHO])Lyon, France
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research CenterHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Annekatrin Lukanova
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research CenterHeidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medical Biosciences/Pathology, University of UmeåUmeå, Sweden
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical SchoolAthens, Greece
- Hellenic Health FoundationAthens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Trichopoulos
- Hellenic Health FoundationAthens, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public HealthBoston, MA
- Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of AthensAthens, Greece
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NY
| | | | - Sabine Westhpal
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Otto-von-Guericke-University MagdeburgMagdeburg, Germany
| | - Talita Duarte-Salles
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/World Health Organization [WHO])Lyon, France
| | - Magdalena Stepien
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/World Health Organization [WHO])Lyon, France
| | - Kim Overvad
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus UniversityAarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jytte Halkjær
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health TeamVillejuif, France
- Université Paris SudUMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave RoussyVillejuif, France
| | - Laure Dossus
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health TeamVillejuif, France
- Université Paris SudUMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave RoussyVillejuif, France
| | - Antoine Racine
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health TeamVillejuif, France
- Université Paris SudUMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave RoussyVillejuif, France
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical SchoolAthens, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public HealthBoston, MA
- Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of AthensAthens, Greece
| | - Christina Bamia
- WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical SchoolAthens, Greece
- Hellenic Health FoundationAthens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Benetou
- WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical SchoolAthens, Greece
- Hellenic Health FoundationAthens, Greece
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale TumoriMilano, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO)Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II UniversityNaples, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “M.P. Arezzo” HospitalRagusa, Italy
| | - Paolo Vineis
- HuGeF FoundationTurin, Italy
- Division of Epidemiology, Public Health and Primary Care, Imperial CollegeLondon, UK
| | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical CenterUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Petra H Peeters
- Division of Epidemiology, Public Health and Primary Care, Imperial CollegeLondon, UK
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical CenterUtrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Inger Torhild Gram
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of TromsøTromsø, Norway
| | - Eiliv Lund
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of TromsøTromsø, Norway
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of TromsøTromsø, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of NorwayOslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm, Sweden
- Samfundet FolkhälsanHelsinki, Finland
| | | | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of OncologyBarcelona, Spain
| | - María-José Sánchez
- Andalusian School of Public HealthGranada, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP)Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Gavrila
- Servicio de Epidemiología, Department of Epidemiology, Consejería de Sanidad y Politica SocialMurcia, Spain
- Navarre Public Health InstitutePamplona, Spain
| | - Aurelio Barricarte
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP)Madrid, Spain
- Navarre Public Health InstitutePamplona, Spain
| | - Miren Dorronsoro
- Public Health Direction, Basque Regional Health Department and BioDonostia Research Institute-CIBERESPSan Sebastian, Spain
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund UniversityMalmö, Sweden
| | - Björn Lindkvist
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Johansson
- Department of Odontology/Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå UniversityUmeå, Sweden
| | - Malin Sund
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery and Public Health, Nutrition Research, Umea UniversityUmea, Sweden
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's HospitalCambridge, UK
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of OxfordOxford, UK
| | - Elio Riboli
- Division of Epidemiology, Public Health and Primary Care, Imperial CollegeLondon, UK
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin-BuchBerlin-Buch, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Discacciati A, Orsini N, Wolk A. Coffee consumption and risk of nonaggressive, aggressive and fatal prostate cancer--a dose-response meta-analysis. Ann Oncol 2014; 25:584-591. [PMID: 24276028 PMCID: PMC4433502 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing epidemiological evidence is controversial regarding the possible associations between coffee consumption and risk of prostate cancer (PCa) by aggressiveness of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a random-effects dose-response meta-analysis to assess the relationships between coffee consumption and nonaggressive, aggressive and fatal PCa risk. Studies were identified by a search of Medline and Embase databases to 15 July 2013. We carried out separate analyses by grade (Gleason score: low-grade, high-grade) and stage (TNM staging system: localized, advanced) of the tumors. Nonaggressive tumors were defined as low-grade or localized, while aggressive tumors were defined as high-grade or advanced. RESULTS Eight studies (three case-control and five cohort) were included in this meta-analysis. Gleason 7 tumors were classified as high-grade in one study, while in another study, Gleason 7(4 + 3) tumors were classified as high-grade and Gleason 7(3 + 4) as low-grade. In the remaining four studies, Gleason 7 tumors were excluded from the analyses or analyzed separately. The pooled relative risk (RR) for a consumption increment of 3 cups/day was 0.97 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.92-1.03] for low-grade PCa (n = 6), 0.97 (95% CI 0.94-0.99) for localized PCa (n = 6), 0.89 (95% CI 0.78-1.00) for high-grade PCa (n = 6), 0.95 (95% CI 0.85-1.06) for advanced PCa (n = 6) and 0.89 (95% CI 0.82-0.97) for fatal PCa (n = 4). No evidence of publication bias was observed. Heterogeneity was absent or marginal (I(2) range = 0-26%), with the only exception of the analysis on advanced PCa, where moderate heterogeneity was observed (I(2) = 60%). When restricting the analyses only to those studies that defined high-grade tumors as Gleason 8-10, the inverse association became slightly stronger [RR: 0.84 (95% CI 0.72-0.98); n = 4]. CONCLUSIONS Results from this dose-response meta-analysis suggest that coffee consumption may be inversely associated with the risk of fatal PCa. No clear evidence of an association with PCa incidence was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Discacciati
- Units of Nutritional Epidemiology; Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - N Orsini
- Units of Nutritional Epidemiology; Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Wolk
- Units of Nutritional Epidemiology
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lack of prognostic significance of adiponectin immunohistochemical expression in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2014; 18:34-8. [PMID: 24876819 PMCID: PMC4037995 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2014.40454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) - which lack the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) - have no established markers that can be used for prognostic stratification. As adiponectin has been previously implicated in a more aggressive phenotype of primary breast cancer, we explored the relation between adiponectin immunohistochemical expression and prognosis in TNBCs. MATERIAL AND METHODS Immunohistochemical staining for adiponectin was performed in 38 TNBC patients. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) served as the main outcome measures. RESULTS Of the 38 TNBC patients, 18 (47%) had negative and 20 (53%) positive adiponectin immunohistochemical expression. We did not find any significant association between adiponectin immunohistochemical expression and the baseline characteristics. In addition, there were no associations between adiponectin immunohistochemical expression and prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Although our results suggest that adiponectin immunohistochemical expression is not of prognostic significance in TNBCs, further studies are warranted to determine the role of this adipokine in breast cancer biology.
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Obesity is linked to increased cancer risk. Pathological expansion of adipose tissue impacts adipocyte function and secretion of hormonal factors regulating tissue homeostasis and metabolism. Adiponectin is an adipocyte-secreted, circulating hormone with pleiotropic functions in lipid and glucose metabolism, and beneficial roles in cardiovascular functions and inflammation. In obesity, decreased Adiponectin plasma levels correlate with tumor development and progression. The association of Adiponectin with potential tumor-limiting functions has raised significant interest in exploring this adipokine as a target for cancer-diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Recent studies, however, also implicate Adiponectin in supporting malignancy. This review highlights the evidence that links Adiponectin signaling to either cancer-protective or cancer-supporting functions. In this context, we discuss Adiponectin interactions with its receptors and associated signaling pathways. Despite significant advances in understanding Adiponectin functions and signaling mechanisms, its role in cancer remains multifaceted and subject to controversy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Hebbard
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute and The University of Sydney, PO Box 412, Darcy Road, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
| | - Barbara Ranscht
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, NIH-designated Cancer Center, Tumor Microenvironment Program, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rissanen T, Lehto SM, Hintikka J, Honkalampi K, Saharinen T, Viinamäki H, Koivumaa-Honkanen H. Biological and other health related correlates of long-term life dissatisfaction burden. BMC Psychiatry 2013; 13:202. [PMID: 23902899 PMCID: PMC3734227 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-13-202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health is interconnected with somatic health and can manifest itself in biological processes. Life dissatisfaction is an indicator of subjective well-being, but information on its biological correlates is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological correlates along with other health-related factors of long-term life dissatisfaction in a population-based sample. METHODS As part of the Kuopio Depression Study, health questionnaires were sent to a randomly selected population-based sample in 1998, 1999, and 2001. In 2005, among a clinically studied sub-sample (n = 305), the 7-year long-term life dissatisfaction burden was assessed by summing life satisfaction scores from previous health questionnaires. Several sociodemographic, health, health behavior, and biological factors were investigated in respect to their associations to categorized (low and high) and continuous (linear regression) life satisfaction burden score (higher values indicating dissatisfaction). RESULTS In the final linear regression model long-term life dissatisfaction burden was significantly associated with poor social support (B = 0.138; p < 0.001), marital status (i.e. living alone) (B = 0.049; p = 0.019), current smoking (B = 0.087; p < 0.001), poor sleep (B = 0.052; p = 0.001), use of statins (B = -0.052; p = 0.002) and lower serum adiponectin level (B = -0.001; p = 0.039) whereas association of metabolic syndrome was marginally nonsignificant (B = 0.029; p = 0.055). CONCLUSION Long-term life dissatisfaction is associated with adverse health, health behavioral, and social factors, as well as with a decreased anti-inflammatory buffer capacity, all indicating close relationships between subjective well-being and somatic morbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teemu Rissanen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Soili M Lehto
- School of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Hintikka
- Department of Psychiatry, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kirsi Honkalampi
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Tarja Saharinen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O.B. 1777,FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heimo Viinamäki
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O.B. 1777,FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland,School of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heli Koivumaa-Honkanen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O.B. 1777,FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland,School of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, South-Savonia Hospital District, Mikkeli, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, North Karelia Central Hospital, Joensuu, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, SOSTERI, Savonlinna, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, SOTE, Iisalmi, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, Lapland Hospital District, Rovaniemi, Finland,Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ramos-Nino ME. The role of chronic inflammation in obesity-associated cancers. ISRN ONCOLOGY 2013; 2013:697521. [PMID: 23819063 PMCID: PMC3683483 DOI: 10.1155/2013/697521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a strong relationship between metabolism and immunity, which can become deleterious under conditions of metabolic stress. Obesity, considered a chronic inflammatory disease, is one example of this link. Chronic inflammation is increasingly being recognized as an etiology in several cancers, particularly those of epithelial origin, and therefore a potential link between obesity and cancer. In this review, the connection between the different factors that can lead to the chronic inflammatory state in the obese individual, as well as their effect in tumorigenesis, is addressed. Furthermore, the association between obesity, inflammation, and esophageal, liver, colon, postmenopausal breast, and endometrial cancers is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Ramos-Nino
- Department of Pathology and Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| |
Collapse
|