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Farooqi SS, Naveed S, Qamar F, Sana A, Farooqi SH, Sabir N, Mansoor A, Sadia H. Phytochemical analysis, GC-MS characterization and antioxidant activity of Hordeum vulgare seed extracts. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27297. [PMID: 38509904 PMCID: PMC10950502 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Barley scientifically known as Hordeum vulgare (HV) is a major grain crop. Over the course of time, great interest has been developed in the usage of barley, because of its various pharmacological activities. Current study is designed to determine the chemical constituents of Hordeum vulgare (HV) seed extract by GC-MS technique, and Invitro antioxidant assays i.e. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical (DPPH) and 2-azino-bis(3-ethyl benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) methods. GC-MS identified 16 non-polar compounds in the hexane extract of HV plant, which includes carboxylic acid (6.25%), fatty acid (37.5%), carboxylic acid amide derivative of fatty acid (6.25%), triterpinoids (18.75%), fat soluble vitamin (6.25%), phytosterol (6.25%), stigmastanes (6.25%), beta diketones (6.25%), and cycloartenol (6.25%) respectively. The major compound includes Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (6.84%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (8.58%), 9,12-Octadecanoic acid (Z,Z)-, Methyl Ester (8.04%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) (57.01%), Lup-20(29)-en-3-one (3.57%), γ-Sitosterol (3.31%). Some constituents such as Lup-20(29)-en-3-one, campesterol and squalene were observed and were not previously reported. Total phenolic and total flavonoid content were determined using spectrophotometric technique and calculated as gallic acid equivalents GAE/g dry weight and rutin equivalent RE/g of dry weight respectively.The highest phenolic content exhibited by the acetone extract of HV seedsi.e. 0.0597 mg GAE/g while the highest flavonoid content exhibited by dichloromethane extract i.e. 0.09 mg RE/g and 0.25 mg QE/g of dry weight respectively. All the extracts showed significant antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS cation decolorization assays. Methanol and dichloromethane extract showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity i.e. 52.41% and 42.07% at the concentration of 100 mg/ml respectively. Moreover, the IC50 has been determined by the acetone and methanol extract of HV seeds. The high antioxidant activity of its seed extracts has made this plant pharmacologically important. Conclusively, there is a vast scope to further explore the active principals of barley so that more of its pharmacological properties can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Shahab Farooqi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Safila Naveed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Qamar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Sana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shahab H. Farooqi
- Department of Mathematics, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Neelam Sabir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Asra Mansoor
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Halima Sadia
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan
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Mohammed HS, Taha EFS, Mahrous FS, Sabour R, Abdel-Aziz MM, Ismail LD. Antimicrobial and antiviral evaluation of compounds from Holoptelea integrifolia: in silico supported in vitro study. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32473-32486. [PMID: 37928846 PMCID: PMC10624013 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05978b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Holoptelea integrifolia, also known as the Indian Elm Tree, has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for its medicinal properties. In this study, two biologically active metabolites, 5(6) dihydrostigmast 22en 3-O-β-glucoside (DHS) and 1-O-eicosanoyl glycerol-2'-O-β-galactouronic (EGG), were isolated for the first time from the n-butanol fraction of H. integrifolia using a chromatographic technique and identified by NMR, and HRESI-MS. The antiviral and multidrug-resistant activities of these metabolites were evaluated as well as the n-butanol fraction. The n-butanol fraction of H. integrifolia exhibited weak antiviral effects, but DHS and EGG demonstrated significant antiviral activity against herpes simplex type-1 (HSV-1) and Coxsackie (CoxB4) viruses. Both metabolites showed lower IC50 values than the standard antiviral drug acyclovir, indicating their potency in inhibiting viral replication. EGG showed potent antiviral activity with minimal cytotoxicity at the highest concentration tested, presenting a selectivity index (SI) of 18.18 and 15.58 against HSV-1 and CoxB4 viruses, respectively. A preliminary assessment of the antibacterial activity of the n-butanol fraction and metabolites revealed that DHS had the highest inhibitory potency against drug-resistant strains, including MRSA and Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumonia. It also exhibited significant inhibitions against Fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans and ESBL - Escherichia coli. DHS displayed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, indicating its superiority as an antibacterial agent compared to EGG and the n-butanol fraction. Molecular docking analysis confirmed the antiviral and antibacterial actions of DHS and EGG by demonstrating their strong binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Sh Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University Cairo (11311) Egypt
| | - Eman F S Taha
- Department of Health Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA) Cairo Egypt
| | - Fatma S Mahrous
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University Cairo (11311) Egypt
| | - Rehab Sabour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abdel-Aziz
- The Regional Centre for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| | - Lotfy D Ismail
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University Cairo Egypt
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Sonibare MA, Isola AO, Akinmurele OJ. Pharmacognostic standardisation of the leaves of Costus afer Ker Gawl. (Zingiberaceae) and Palisota hirsuta (Thunb.) K. Schum. (Commelinaceae). FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-023-00469-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Microbes’ resistance to orthodox drugs and continued emergence of new infections call for search of new drugs that can mitigate such resistance and cure newly emerging infections. Despite the therapeutic importance of Costus afer and Palisota hirsuta, the detailed pharmacognostic characters of the two plants are still missing in the literature. Thus, this study evaluated the pharmacognostic characters of these plants and the antimicrobial activity of the plants’ methanol extract. Macroscopic, microscopic, fluorescence analysis, phytochemical screening, heavy metal analysis, proximate, antimicrobial assay and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry analyses were carried out on both plants.
Results
The microscopic evaluation showed that the epidermal layer of Costus afer is hypostomatic with polygonal shaped epidermal cells and cyclotic stomata on abaxial layer while the epidermal layer of Palisota hirsuta leaf is amphistomatic, having polygonal shape epidermal cell, trichomes and paracytic stomata. The proximate analysis showed that both plants have a high carbohydrate content (C. afer: 59.13% and P. hirsuta: 68.28%) but a low crude fat content (C. afer: 1.867% and P. hirsuta: 0.233%). The heavy metal analysis revealed a high content of Manganese (266.80 mg/100 g) in Palisota hirsua, and a high content of iron (43.94 mg/100 g) in Costus afer. Both plants are free of lead. The phytochemical screening showed that both plants have saponins, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and cardiac glycosides. Alkaloids are the highest constituents in Costus afer (9.1%) and Palisota hirsuta (7.1%). The antimicrobial assay showed both plant extracts had the highest inhibitory effect on both bacteria and fungi at 100 mg/kg. Six compounds and 23 compounds were identified by GC–MS in C. afer and P. hirsuta, respectively. Methyl stearate (40.43%) and hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (25.62%) were the prevailing constituents identified in C. afer and P. hirsuta, respectively.
Conclusion
The pharmacognostic features of Costus afer and Palisota hirsuta shown in this study can be used to design a suitable monograph which would be useful in compilation of another edition of Nigeria Herbal Pharmacopoeial. The dominant compounds in both plants can serve as chemotaxonomic markers for correct identification of the two plants.
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Gheraibia S, Belattar N, Diab KA, Hassan ME, El-Nekeety AA, Abdel-Aziem SH, Hassan NS, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Costus speciosus extract protects against the oxidative damage of zearalenone via modulation of inflammatory cytokines, Nrf2 and iNOS gene expression in rats. Toxicon 2022; 214:62-73. [PMID: 35597521 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin that induces severe health disturbances in humans and animals. This study aimed to determine the bioactive compounds in Costus speciosus extract (CSE) using GC-MS and evaluate its protective capability against ZEN-induced oxidative damage, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity in rats. Six groups of male Sprague Dawley rats were treated orally for 15 days including the control group, CSE-treated groups at low (200 mg/kg b. w) or high (400 mg/kg b. w) dose, ZEN-treated group (40 μg/kg b. w), and the groups treated with ZEN plus the low or the high dose of CSE. Blood and tissue samples were collected for different assays and pathological analyses. The results of GC-MS indicated the identification of 6 compounds and Azulene was the major. Animals that received ZEN showed severe disturbances in serum biochemical, cytokines, oxidative stress indicators, mRNA expression of iNOS, Nrf2, and inflammatory-related genes. ZEN also increased micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) and comet tail formation in bone marrow cells along with the disturbances in the histological architecture of the liver and kidney. Co-administration of CSE plus ZEN could normalize the majority of the tested parameters and the histological picture at a dose as low as 200 mg/kg b. w. Therefore, CSE protects against ZEN toxicity via its antioxidant activity, modulation of iNOS, inflammatory-related genes, and the Nrf2 pathway and it could be used in the endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gheraibia
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life, Ferhat Abbes University, Setif, 1, Algeria
| | - Noureddine Belattar
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life, Ferhat Abbes University, Setif, 1, Algeria
| | - Kawthar A Diab
- Genetics and Cytology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa E Hassan
- Toxicology Dept., Research Institute of Medical Entomology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aziza A El-Nekeety
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Nabila S Hassan
- Pathology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Rahman H, Rahman N, Haris M, Pradhoshini KP, Shareef THMA, Musthafa MS, Rajagopal R, Alfarhan A, Thirupathi A, Chang SW, Ravindran B. Solanum pubescens wild fruits essential oil - A golden casket for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory mediated wound healing efficacy in vertebrate model Mus musculus. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:868-878. [PMID: 35473546 DOI: 10.2174/0929866529666220426121132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solanum pubescens Willd, growing wild in the hills of Rayadurg jurisdiction of Southwestern Andhra Pradesh, has gained significant attention among researchers for its diverse folkloric applications, existence of novel phytochemicals and leaf extracts which hold great medicinal promises. To date, the S. pubescens fruit's essential oil (SPO) has never been investigated. METHODS The current research has been focused to evaluate the chemical composition of S. pubescens fruit essential oil through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), followed by the investigation of antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and wound healing activities in appropriate models to uncover its biological potentials. Extraction of (Solanopuboil/SPO) from the fresh unripe fruits of Solanum pubescens was carried out in Buchner funnel and Whatman no.10 filter paper and concentrated at 40oC using a rotary evaporator. The metabolic profiling of SPO was analysed by GC-MS technique. The MIC, MBC, activity index, and total antimicrobial activity of SPO were evaluated using standard procedures. Anti-inflammatory activity of SPO was screened using Carrageenan induced paw oedema and Cotton pellet-induced granuloma. Tail immersion test, Acetic acid writhing response and Formalin paw lick test was performed in rats in order to examine the analgesic activity of SPO. Wound healing activity of SPO was investigated by performing the incision wound model, Excision wound model and Dead space wound model in rats. RESULTS The SPO displayed a constant degree of antimicrobial activity against B. cereus, B. subtilis, E. coli, A. niger, A. fumigatus and C. albicans with significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Also, a prominent wound healing potential of it was observed in excision, incision and dead space wound models with considerable elevation in granulation tissue hydroxyproline, hexuronic acid and hexosamine content in association with remarkable regulation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant markers i.e., Lipid peroxidase (LPO), Nitric Oxide (NO), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx). CONCLUSION These findings strongly validate the therapeutic potential of S. pubescens fruit essential oil in antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory mediated wound healing and suggests its promising application as valuable and novel indigenous leads in the food and pharmaceutical industries. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first-ever investigatory report on the systematic phytochemical and therapeutic examination of S. pubescens fruit essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseebur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Kuvempu University, Jnanasahyadri, Shankaraghatta - 577 451, Shimoga Dist. Karnataka. INDIA
| | - Nazneen Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Kuvempu University, Jnanasahyadri, Shankaraghatta - 577 451, Shimoga Dist. Karnataka. INDIA
| | - Mir Haris
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Kuvempu University, Jnanasahyadri, Shankaraghatta - 577 451, Shimoga Dist. Karnataka. INDIA
| | - Kumara Perumal Pradhoshini
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai- 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - T H Mohamed Ahadu Shareef
- P.G. and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to the University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 014, India
| | - Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai- 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rajakrishnan Rajagopal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alfarhan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anand Thirupathi
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy & Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do,16227, Korea
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy & Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do,16227, Korea
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Anyasor GN, Aramide OO, Shokunbi OS. Protective effects of hexane fraction of Costus afer leaves against sodium arsenite-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in male albino wistar rats. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj92.06.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Boison D, Adinortey CA, Babanyinah GK, Quasie O, Agbeko R, Wiabo-Asabil GK, Adinortey MB. Costus afer: A Systematic Review of Evidence-Based Data in support of Its Medicinal Relevance. SCIENTIFICA 2019; 2019:3732687. [PMID: 32082693 PMCID: PMC7011497 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3732687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Costus afer (C. afer) is a plant commonly known as ginger lily, spiral ginger, or bush cane. It is reportedly used in traditional medicine practice (TMP) to treat and manage many ailments including diabetes mellitus, stomach ache, arthritis, inflammation, and gout. These purported ethnomedicinal uses have triggered many research studies on the plant to amass scientific evidence. However, these research reports are scattered, and thus, this systematic review seeks to provide a comprehensive update on it covering its traditional uses, phytochemical and nutritional constituents, pharmacological activities, and toxicological effects. An online search was done using search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect from the period 1970 to 2019. The online search included the use of keywords, "Costus afer Ker-Gawl" or "Costus afer." The search revealed that the stem and leaves of the plant contain substantial amounts of micronutrients and macronutrients. The leaves, stem, rhizomes, and roots of C. afer contain several steroidal sapogenins, aferosides, dioscin, and paryphyllin C and flavonoid glycoside kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside. Experimental studies on various parts of the plant showed bioactivities such as antihyperglycemic, hepatocellular protection, cardioprotection, nephroprotection, testicular protection, CNS depressant, analgesic, antiarthritis, antibacterial, and antioxidant. Based on these evident data, it is concluded that the plant could be used as an alternative and complementary therapy for many oxidative stress-related diseases, provided further scientific studies on the toxicological and pharmacological aspects are carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Boison
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Cynthia Ayefoumi Adinortey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Godwin Kweku Babanyinah
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Olga Quasie
- Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akuapem, Ghana
| | - Rosemary Agbeko
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Gilbert Kofi Wiabo-Asabil
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Michael Buenor Adinortey
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Abdelmageed Marzook E, El-Bayoumy AS, Marzook FA. Preclinical evaluation of carnosine and Costus as hematological protective agents against gamma radiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/16878507.2019.1649931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Adinortey MB, Agbeko R, Boison D, Ekloh W, Kuatsienu LE, Biney EE, Affum OO, Kwarteng J, Nyarko AK. Phytomedicines Used for Diabetes Mellitus in Ghana: A Systematic Search and Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:6021209. [PMID: 31118963 PMCID: PMC6500637 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6021209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Available data indicate that diabetes mellitus leads to elevated cost of healthcare. This imposes a huge economic burden on households, societies, and nations. As a result many Ghanaians, especially rural folks, resort to the use of phytomedicine, which is relatively less expensive. This paper aims at obtaining information on plants used in Ghana to treat diabetes mellitus, gather and present evidence-based data available to support their uses and their mechanisms of action, and identify areas for future research. METHOD A catalogue of published textbooks, monographs, theses, and peer-reviewed articles of plants used in Ghanaian traditional medicine between 1987 and July 2018 for managing diabetes mellitus was obtained and used. RESULTS The review identified 76 plant species belonging to 45 families that are used to manage diabetes mellitus. Leaves were the part of the plants frequently used for most preparation (63.8%) and were mostly used as decoctions. Majority of the plants belonged to the Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, and Apocynaceae families. Pharmacological data were available on 23 species that have undergone in vitro studies. Forty species have been studied using in vivo animal models. Only twelve plants and their bioactive compounds were found with data on both preclinical and clinical studies. The records further indicate that medicinal plants showing antidiabetic effects did so via biochemical mechanisms such as restitution of pancreatic β-cell function, improvement in insulin sensitivity by receptors, stimulating rate of insulin secretion, inhibition of liver gluconeogenesis, enhanced glucose absorption, and inhibition of G-6-Pase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase activities. CONCLUSION This review contains information on medicinal plants used to manage diabetes mellitus, including their pharmacological properties and mechanisms of action as well as models used to investigate them. It also provides gaps that can form the basis for further investigations and development into useful medications for effective treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Buenor Adinortey
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Rosemary Agbeko
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Daniel Boison
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - William Ekloh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- West Africa Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Disease and Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | | | - Emmanuel Ekow Biney
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Obed O. Affum
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Jeffery Kwarteng
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Alexander Kwadwo Nyarko
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
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Deepika S, Harishkumar R, Dinesh M, Abarna R, Anbalagan M, Roopan SM, Selvaraj CI. Photocatalytic degradation of synthetic food dye, sunset yellow FCF (FD&C yellow no. 6) by Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. possessing antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 177:44-55. [PMID: 29049940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of our work is to identify the bioactive compounds of bark and leaves extract from Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. and to explore its effectiveness against synthetic food dye. The presence of primary and secondary metabolites was confirmed by carrying out phytochemicals analysis. With the prior knowledge accessible on the indispensable secondary metabolites holding antioxidant and cytotoxicity activity, the quantitative screening of total phenolic and flavonoid content in methanolic and aqueous extract of bark and leaves from Ailanthus excelsa were done. Comparatively, a higher value of flavonoid (161±0.3μg/mg) and phenolic acid content (152.4±0.14μg/mg) was found in bark extract. By FTIR analysis, the characteristic peak was obtained at 1581.63 and 1598.99cm-1 confirmed the presence of functional groups associated to flavonoids and other phenolic groups respectively. In bark extract, 81% of DPPH inhibition was observed when compared to ascorbic acid (standard) 92% of free radical scavenging activity. Bark extract from Ailanthus excelsa exhibited 71% cytotoxicity against HeLa cell line (cervical cancer). In examining the toxicity level of crude extracts with red blood cells (RBC), the bark extract was showed a very less (2.8%) haemolytic activity. They also showed maximum zone of inhibition in antibacterial activity i.e. 13±0.5mm against Escherichia coli culture. At a concentration of 10mg/mL of crude extract from A. excelsa, 55% degradation of sunset yellow dye was observed. It concludes that, the compounds present in the A. excelsa, especially the bark extract showed better photocatalytic, haemolytic, antioxidant, cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity when compared to leaves extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanyam Deepika
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendran Harishkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugesan Dinesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajadurai Abarna
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Moorthy Anbalagan
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Mohana Roopan
- Chemistry of Heterocycles & Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Chinnadurai Immanuel Selvaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Alonso-Castro AJ, Zapata-Morales JR, González-Chávez MM, Carranza-Álvarez C, Hernández-Benavides DM, Hernández-Morales A. Pharmacological effects and toxicity of Costus pulverulentus C. Presl (Costaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 180:124-130. [PMID: 26778604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Costus pulverulentus C. Presl (Costaceae), a species endemic to Mexico, is used for the empirical treatment of cancer, pain, and inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity, as well as the cytotoxic, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and sedative effects of an ethanol extract from Costus pulverulentus stem (CPE). MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical characterization of CPE was performed by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The toxicity of CPE was evaluated using the comet assay (10-1000 µg/ml during 5h) and the acute toxicity test (500-5000 mg/kg p.o. and i.p. during 14 days). The cytotoxic effect of CPE (1-250 µg/ml) on human cancer cells was evaluated using the MTT assay. The antinociceptive effects of CPE (50-200mg/kg p.o.) were evaluated using thermal-induced nociception tests (hot plate and tail flick) and the chemical-induced nociceptive tests (acetic acid and formalin). The sedative activity of CPE (50-200mg/kg p.o.) was evaluated using the ketamine-induced sleeping time test. RESULTS CPE showed the presence of compounds such as campesterol, stigmasterol β-sitosterol, vanillic acid, among others. In the comet assay, CPE at 200 µg/ml or higher concentrations induced DNA damage. In the acute toxicity test, the LD50 estimated for CPE was>5000 mg/kg p.o. or i.p. CEP showed moderate cytotoxic effects on prostate carcinoma cells PC-3 cells (IC50=179 ± 23.2 µg/ml). In the chemical-induced nociception models, CPE (100 and 200mg/kg p.o.) showed antinociceptive effects with similar activity to 100mg/kg naproxen. In the thermal-induced nociception tests, CPE tested at 200mg/kg showed moderate antinociceptive effects by 28% (hot plate test) and by 25% (tail flick test). In the ketamine-induced sleeping time test, CPE showed no sedative effects. CONCLUSIONS C. pulverulents exerts moderate cytotoxic effects in human cancer cells, moderate anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects. C. pulverulentus induces antinociceptive effects without inducing sedation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Josabad Alonso-Castro
- Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México.
| | - Juan Ramón Zapata-Morales
- Departamento de Farmacia, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México
| | | | - Candy Carranza-Álvarez
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria de la Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí, México.
| | - Diego Manuel Hernández-Benavides
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria de la Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí, México; El colegio de la Frontera Sur unidad San Cristóbal, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, México
| | - Alejandro Hernández-Morales
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria de la Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí, México
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