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Jardim Poli P, Fischer-Carvalho A, Tahira AC, Chan JD, Verjovski-Almeida S, Sena Amaral M. Long Non-Coding RNA Levels Are Modulated in Schistosoma mansoni following In Vivo Praziquantel Exposure. Noncoding RNA 2024; 10:27. [PMID: 38668385 PMCID: PMC11053911 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna10020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by trematodes of the genus Schistosoma that affects over 200 million people worldwide. For decades, praziquantel (PZQ) has been the only available drug to treat the disease. Despite recent discoveries that identified a transient receptor ion channel as the target of PZQ, schistosome response to this drug remains incompletely understood, since effectiveness relies on other factors that may trigger a complex regulation of parasite gene expression. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides with low or no protein-coding potential that play important roles in S. mansoni homeostasis, reproduction, and fertility. Here, we show that in vivo PZQ treatment modulates lncRNA levels in S. mansoni. We re-analyzed public RNA-Seq data from mature and immature S. mansoni worms treated in vivo with PZQ and detected hundreds of lncRNAs differentially expressed following drug exposure, many of which are shared among mature and immature worms. Through RT-qPCR, seven out of ten selected lncRNAs were validated as differentially expressed; interestingly, we show that these lncRNAs are not adult worm stage-specific and are co-expressed with PZQ-modulated protein-coding genes. By demonstrating that parasite lncRNA expression levels alter in response to PZQ, this study unravels an important step toward elucidating the complex mechanisms of S. mansoni response to PZQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Jardim Poli
- Laboratório de Ciclo Celular, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (P.J.P.); (A.F.-C.); (A.C.T.); (S.V.-A.)
| | - Agatha Fischer-Carvalho
- Laboratório de Ciclo Celular, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (P.J.P.); (A.F.-C.); (A.C.T.); (S.V.-A.)
| | - Ana Carolina Tahira
- Laboratório de Ciclo Celular, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (P.J.P.); (A.F.-C.); (A.C.T.); (S.V.-A.)
| | - John D. Chan
- Global Health Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA;
| | - Sergio Verjovski-Almeida
- Laboratório de Ciclo Celular, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (P.J.P.); (A.F.-C.); (A.C.T.); (S.V.-A.)
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Murilo Sena Amaral
- Laboratório de Ciclo Celular, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (P.J.P.); (A.F.-C.); (A.C.T.); (S.V.-A.)
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Feng M, Swevers L, Sun J. Hemocyte Clusters Defined by scRNA-Seq in Bombyx mori: In Silico Analysis of Predicted Marker Genes and Implications for Potential Functional Roles. Front Immunol 2022; 13:852702. [PMID: 35281044 PMCID: PMC8914287 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.852702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the hemolymph, insect hemocytes constitute a heterogeneous population of macrophage-like cells that play important roles in innate immunity, homeostasis and development. Classification of hemocytes in different subtypes by size, morphology and biochemical or immunological markers has been difficult and only in Drosophila extensive genetic analysis allowed the construction of a coherent picture of hemocyte differentiation from pro-hemocytes to granulocytes, crystal cells and plasmatocytes. However, the advent of high-throughput single cell technologies, such as single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), is bound to have a high impact on the study of hemocytes subtypes and their phenotypes in other insects for which a sophisticated genetic toolbox is not available. Instead of averaging gene expression across all cells as occurs in bulk-RNA-seq, scRNA-seq allows high-throughput and specific visualization of the differentiation status of individual cells. With scRNA-seq, interesting cell types can be identified in heterogeneous populations and direct analysis of rare cell types is possible. Next to its ability to profile the transcriptomes of individual cells in tissue samples, scRNA-seq can be used to propose marker genes that are characteristic of different hemocyte subtypes and predict their functions. In this perspective, the identities of the different marker genes that were identified by scRNA-seq analysis to define 13 distinct cell clusters of hemocytes in larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, are discussed in detail. The analysis confirms the broad division of hemocytes in granulocytes, plasmatocytes, oenocytoids and perhaps spherulocytes but also reveals considerable complexity at the molecular level and highly specialized functions. In addition, predicted hemocyte marker genes in Bombyx generally show only limited convergence with the genes that are considered characteristic for hemocyte subtypes in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luc Swevers
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences & Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Jingchen Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Liu Z, Jiang C, Lei Z, Dong S, Kuang L, Huang C, Gao Y, Liu M, Xiao H, Legembre P, Jung JU, Liang H, Liang X. Phospholipase A2 inhibitor and LY6/PLAUR domain-containing protein PINLYP regulates type I interferon innate immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2111115119. [PMID: 34969857 PMCID: PMC8740751 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111115119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) are the first frontline of the host innate immune response against invading pathogens. Herein, we characterized an unknown protein encoded by phospholipase A2 inhibitor and LY6/PLAUR domain-containing (PINLYP) gene that interacted with TBK1 and induced type I IFN in a TBK1- and IRF3-dependent manner. Loss of PINLYP impaired the activation of IRF3 and production of IFN-β induced by DNA virus, RNA virus, and various Toll-like receptor ligands in multiple cell types. Because PINLYP deficiency in mice engendered an early embryonic lethality in mice, we generated a conditional mouse in which PINLYP was depleted in dendritic cells. Mice lacking PINLYP in dendritic cells were defective in type I IFN induction and more susceptible to lethal virus infection. Thus, PINLYP is a positive regulator of type I IFN innate immunity and important for effective host defense against viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai China
| | - Congwei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai China
| | - Zhangmengxue Lei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai China
| | - Sihan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai China
| | - Linlin Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai China
| | - Chenxu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai China
| | - Ying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai China
| | - Mu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai China
| | - Patrick Legembre
- UMR CNRS 7276, INSERM U1262, University of Limoges, 87032 Limoges, France
| | - Jae U Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology and Center for Global and Emerging Pathogen Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Huaping Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Wound Infection and Drug, Army Medical University, 400042 Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaozhen Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai China;
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Jergović M, Coplen CP, Uhrlaub JL, Besselsen DG, Cheng S, Smithey MJ, Nikolich-Žugich J. Infection-induced type I interferons critically modulate the homeostasis and function of CD8 + naïve T cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5303. [PMID: 34489451 PMCID: PMC8421345 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25645-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Naïve T (Tn) cells require two homeostatic signals for long-term survival: tonic T cell receptor:self-peptide-MHC contact and IL-7 stimulation. However, how microbial exposure impacts Tn homeostasis is still unclear. Here we show that infections can lead to the expansion of a subpopulation of long-lived, Ly6C+ CD8+ Tn cells with accelerated effector function. Mechanistically, mono-infection with West Nile virus transiently, and polymicrobial exposure persistently, enhances Ly6C expression selectively on CD5hiCD8+ cells, which in the case of polyinfection translates into a numerical CD8+ Tn cell increase in the lymph nodes. This conversion and expansion of Ly6C+ Tn cells depends on IFN-I, which upregulates MHC class I expression and enhances tonic TCR signaling in differentiating Tn cells. Moreover, for Ly6C+CD8+ Tn cells, IFN-I-mediated signals optimize their homing to secondary sites, extend their lifespan, and enhance their effector differentiation and antibacterial function, particularly for low-affinity clones. Our results thus uncover significant regulation of Tn homeostasis and function via infection-driven IFN-I, with potential implications for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Jergović
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Christopher P Coplen
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer L Uhrlaub
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Shu Cheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Megan J Smithey
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Vir, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Janko Nikolich-Žugich
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Ruggiero D, Nutile T, Nappo S, Tirozzi A, Bellenguez C, Leutenegger AL, Ciullo M. Genetics of PlGF plasma levels highlights a role of its receptors and supports the link between angiogenesis and immunity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16821. [PMID: 34413389 PMCID: PMC8376970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental growth factor (PlGF) is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor family and is involved in bone marrow-derived cell activation, endothelial stimulation and pathological angiogenesis. High levels of PlGF have been observed in several pathological conditions especially in cancer, cardiovascular, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Little is known about the genetics of circulating PlGF levels. Indeed, although the heritability of circulating PlGF levels is around 40%, no studies have assessed the relation between PlGF plasma levels and genetic variants at a genome-wide level. In the current study, PlGF plasma levels were measured in a population-based sample of 2085 adult individuals from three isolated populations of South Italy. A GWAS was performed in a discovery cohort (N = 1600), followed by a de novo replication (N = 468) from the same populations. The meta-analysis of the discovery and replication samples revealed one signal significantly associated with PlGF circulating levels. This signal was mapped to the PlGF co-receptor coding gene NRP1, indicating its important role in modulating the PlGF plasma levels. Two additional signals, at the PlGF receptor coding gene FLT1 and RAPGEF5 gene, were identified at a suggestive level. Pathway and TWAS analyses highlighted genes known to be involved in angiogenesis and immune response, supporting the link between these processes and PlGF regulation. Overall, these data improve our understanding of the genetic variation underlying circulating PlGF levels. This in turn could lead to new preventive and therapeutic strategies for a wide variety of PlGF-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ruggiero
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino, 111, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.
| | - Teresa Nutile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino, 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Celine Bellenguez
- CHU Lille, U1167 - Labex DISTALZ - RID-AGE - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Anne-Louise Leutenegger
- UMR 946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases, Inserm, 75010, Paris, France
- UMR946, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Marina Ciullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino, 111, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.
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DePianto DJ, Heiden JAV, Morshead KB, Sun KH, Modrusan Z, Teng G, Wolters PJ, Arron JR. Molecular mapping of interstitial lung disease reveals a phenotypically distinct senescent basal epithelial cell population. JCI Insight 2021; 6:143626. [PMID: 33705361 PMCID: PMC8119199 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.143626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Compromised regenerative capacity of lung epithelial cells can lead to cellular senescence, which may precipitate fibrosis. While increased markers of senescence have been reported in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the origin and identity of these senescent cells remain unclear, and tools to characterize context-specific cellular senescence in human lung are lacking. We observed that the senescent marker p16 is predominantly localized to bronchiolized epithelial structures in scarred regions of IPF and systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) lung tissue, overlapping with the basal epithelial markers Keratin 5 and Keratin 17. Using in vitro models, we derived transcriptional signatures of senescence programming specific to different types of lung epithelial cells and interrogated these signatures in a single-cell RNA-Seq data set derived from control, IPF, and SSc-ILD lung tissue. We identified a population of basal epithelial cells defined by, and enriched for, markers of cellular senescence and identified candidate markers specific to senescent basal epithelial cells in ILD that can enable future functional studies. Notably, gene expression of these cells significantly overlaps with terminally differentiating cells in stratified epithelia, where it is driven by p53 activation as part of the senescence program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kai-Hui Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zora Modrusan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Paul J. Wolters
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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One Brain-All Cells: A Comprehensive Protocol to Isolate All Principal CNS-Resident Cell Types from Brain and Spinal Cord of Adult Healthy and EAE Mice. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030651. [PMID: 33804060 PMCID: PMC7999839 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis, the role of each central nervous system (CNS)-resident cell type during inflammation, neurodegeneration, and remission has been frequently addressed. Although protocols for the isolation of different individual CNS-resident cell types exist, none can harvest all of them within a single experiment. In addition, isolation of individual cells is more demanding in adult mice and even more so from the inflamed CNS. Here, we present a protocol for the simultaneous purification of viable single-cell suspensions of all principal CNS-resident cell types (microglia, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and neurons) from adult mice-applicable in healthy mice as well as in EAE. After dissociation of the brain and spinal cord from adult mice, microglia, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and, neurons were isolated via magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS). Validations comprised flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, as well as functional analyses (immunoassay and Sholl analysis). The purity of each cell isolation averaged 90%. All cells displayed cell-type-specific morphologies and expressed specific surface markers. In conclusion, this new protocol for the simultaneous isolation of all major CNS-resident cell types from one CNS offers a sophisticated and comprehensive way to investigate complex cellular networks ex vivo and simultaneously reduce mice numbers to be sacrificed.
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Ille AM, Kishel E, Bodea R, Ille A, Lamont H, Amico-Ruvio S. Protein LY6E as a candidate for mediating transport of adeno-associated virus across the human blood-brain barrier. J Neurovirol 2020; 26:769-778. [PMID: 32839948 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-020-00890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major obstacle for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Significant progress has been made in developing adeno-associated virus (AAV) variants with increased ability to cross the BBB in mice. However, these variants are not efficacious in non-human primates. Herein, we employed various bioinformatic techniques to identify lymphocyte antigen-6E (LY6E) as a candidate for mediating transport of AAV across the human BBB based on the previously determined mechanism of transport in mice. Our results provide insight into future discovery and optimization of AAV variants for CNS gene delivery in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Ille
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.,STEM Biomedical, Kitchener, ON, N2M 3B9, Canada
| | - Eric Kishel
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Raoul Bodea
- STEM Biomedical, Kitchener, ON, N2M 3B9, Canada
| | - Anetta Ille
- STEM Biomedical, Kitchener, ON, N2M 3B9, Canada
| | - Hannah Lamont
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
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Tokhanbigli S, Asadirad A, Baghaei K, Piccin A, Yarian F, Parsamanesh G, Hashemi SM, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Zali MR. Dendritic Cell-Based Therapy Using LY6E Peptide with a Putative Role Against Colorectal Cancer. Immunotargets Ther 2020; 9:95-104. [PMID: 32548075 PMCID: PMC7250699 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s245913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Albeit early stage gastrointestinal (GI) carcinomas have a good prognosis if treated with surgery, diagnosis is often confirmed at a late stage and efficacious drugs are lacking. Recent progress in immune-based therapies has focused on dendritic cells (DCs), aiming to elicit tumor-specific responses by inducing immunological memory. Our previous microarray study indicated that a biomarker, termed lymphocyte antigen-6E (LY6E), is commonly overexpressed in two potentially lethal GI cancers: those of colon and stomach. In this study, we examined the antigenic potency of LY6E in stimulating DCs. Methods Following isolation, differentiation, and maturation of mononuclear cells, DCs were pulsed with LY6E peptide, a protein related to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I/II. Subsequently, DCs were co-cultured with mouse splenocytes to assess antigen-specific T-cell proliferation. Elucidated cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses were assessed using subcutaneous colorectal murine tumor models. Results Our in vitro results suggest that DCs loaded with LY6E peptide antigen are capable of stimulating and inducing proliferation of murine T-cells. Furthermore, our in vivo results demonstrate that LY6E peptide has a substantial impact on provoking immune responses against induced colon cancer in mice. Discussion In conclusion, based on the overexpression of LY6E in colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancers, the role of this peptide should be further investigated with a goal of developing new therapies for these challenging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Tokhanbigli
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Asadirad
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrea Piccin
- Haematology Department, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fatemeh Yarian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gilda Parsamanesh
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Misawa K, Imai A, Matsui H, Kanai A, Misawa Y, Mochizuki D, Mima M, Yamada S, Kurokawa T, Nakagawa T, Mineta H. Identification of novel methylation markers in HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer: genome-wide discovery, tissue verification and validation testing in ctDNA. Oncogene 2020; 39:4741-4755. [PMID: 32415241 PMCID: PMC7286817 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is an independent tumour type with regard to cellular, biological, and clinical features. The use of non-invasive biomarkers such as circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) may be relevant in early diagnosis and eventually improve the outcomes of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Genome-wide discovery using RNA sequencing and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing yielded 21 candidates for methylation-targeted genes. A verification study (252 HNSCC patients) using quantitative methylation-specific PCR (Q-MSP) identified 10 genes (ATP2A1, CALML5, DNAJC5G, GNMT, GPT, LY6D, LYNX1, MAL, MGC16275, and MRGPRF) that showed a significant increase recurrence in methylation groups with OPC. Further study on ctDNA using Q-MSP in HPV-associated OPC showed that three genes (CALML5, DNAJC5G, and LY6D) had a high predictive ability as emerging biomarkers for a validation set, each capable of discriminating between the plasma of the patients from healthy individuals. Among the 42 ctDNA samples, methylated CALML5, DNAJC5G, and LY6D were observed in 31 (73.8%), 19 (45.2%), and 19 (45.2%) samples, respectively. Among pre-treatment ctDNA samples, methylated CALML5, DNAJC5G, and LY6D were observed in 8/8 (100%), 7/8 (87.5%), and 7/8 (87.5%) samples, respectively. Methylated CALML5, DNAJC5G, and LY6D were found in 2/8 (25.0%), 0/8 (0%), and 1/8 (12.5%) of the final samples in the series, respectively. Here, we present the relationship between the methylation status of three specific genes and cancer recurrence for risk classification of HPV-associated OPC cases. In conclusion, ctDNA analysis has the potential to aid in determining patient prognosis and real-time surveillance for disease recurrences and serves as an alternative method of screening for HPV-associated OPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Misawa
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Imai
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Matsui
- Department of Molecular Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akinori Kanai
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuki Misawa
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Daiki Mochizuki
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masato Mima
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamada
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kurokawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakagawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mineta
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
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11
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Vega-López A, Pagadala NS, López-Tapia BP, Madera-Sandoval RL, Rosales-Cruz E, Nájera-Martínez M, Reyes-Maldonado E. Is related the hematopoietic stem cells differentiation in the Nile tilapia with GABA exposure? FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:801-814. [PMID: 31419534 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The signaling mediated by small non-proteinogenic molecules, which probably have the capacity to serve as a bridge amongst complex systems is one of the most exiting challenges for the study. In the current report, stem cells differentiation of the immune system in Nile tilapia treated with sub-basal doses of GABA evaluated as c-kit+ and Sca-1+ cells disappearance on pronephros, thymus, spleen and peripheral blood mononuclear cells by flow cytometry was assessed. Explanation of biological response was performed by molecular docking approach and multiparametric analysis. Stem cell differentiation depends on a delicate balance of negative and positive interactions of this neurotransmitter with receptors and transcription factors involved in this process. This in turn depends on the type of interaction with hematopoietic niche to differentiate into primordial, early or late hematopoiesis as well as from the dose delivery. In fish treated with the low doses of GABA (0.1% over basal value) primordial hematopoiesis is regulated by interaction of glutamate (Glu) with the Ly-6 antigen. Early hematopoiesis was influenced by the bond of GABA near or adjacent to turns of FLTR3-Ig-IV domain. During late hematopoiesis, negative regulation by structural modifications on PU.1/IRF-4 complex, IL-7Rα and GM-CSFR mainly prevails. Results of molecular docking were in agreement with the percentages of the main blood cells lineages estimated in pronephros by flow cytometry. Current study provides the first evidences about the role of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters such as GABA and Glu, respectively with the most transcriptional factors and receptors involved on hematopoiesis in adult Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Vega-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Av. Wilfrido Massieu S/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, México, CP 07738, Mexico.
| | | | - Brenda P López-Tapia
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Av. Wilfrido Massieu S/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, México, CP 07738, Mexico
| | - Ruth L Madera-Sandoval
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Av. Wilfrido Massieu S/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, México, CP 07738, Mexico
| | - Erika Rosales-Cruz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Citología, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, México, CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Minerva Nájera-Martínez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Av. Wilfrido Massieu S/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, México, CP 07738, Mexico
| | - Elba Reyes-Maldonado
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Citología, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, México, CP 11340, Mexico
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12
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Mayama A, Takagi K, Suzuki H, Sato A, Onodera Y, Miki Y, Sakurai M, Watanabe T, Sakamoto K, Yoshida R, Ishida T, Sasano H, Suzuki T. OLFM4, LY6D and S100A7 as potent markers for distant metastasis in estrogen receptor-positive breast carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3350-3359. [PMID: 30137688 PMCID: PMC6172070 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is a highly lethal disease, and it is very important to evaluate the biomarkers associated with distant metastasis. However, molecular features of distant metastasis remain largely unknown in breast cancer. Estrogens play an important role in the progression of breast cancer and the majority of stage IV breast carcinomas express estrogen receptor (ER). Therefore, in this study, we examined molecular markers associated with distant metastasis in ER-positive breast carcinoma by microarray and immunohistochemistry. When we examined the gene expression profile of ER-positive stage IV breast carcinoma tissues (n = 7) comparing ER-positive stage I-III cases (n = 11) by microarray analysis, we newly identified OLFM4, LY6D and S100A7, which were closely associated with the distant metastasis. Subsequently, we performed immunohistochemistry for OLFM4, LY6D and S100A7 in 168 ER-positive breast carcinomas. OLFM4, LY6D and S100A7 immunoreactivities were significantly associated with stage, pathological T factor, distant metastasis and Ki67 status in the ER-positive breast carcinomas. Moreover, these immunoreactivities were significantly associated with a worse prognostic factor for distant metastasis-free and breast cancer-specific survival in ER-positive stage I-III breast cancer patients. However, when we performed immunohistochemistry for OLFM4, LY6D and S100A7 in 40 ER-negative breast carcinomas, these immunoreactivities were not generally associated with the clinicopathological factors examined, including distant metastasis and prognosis of patients, in this study. These results suggest that OLFM4, LY6D and S100A7 immunoreactivity are associated with an aggressive phenotype of ER-positive breast carcinoma, and these are potent markers for distant metastasis of ER-positive breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Mayama
- Departments of Pathology and HistotechnologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineNational Hospital Organization Sendai Medical CenterSendaiJapan
| | - Kiyoshi Takagi
- Departments of Pathology and HistotechnologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Hiroyoshi Suzuki
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineNational Hospital Organization Sendai Medical CenterSendaiJapan
| | - Ai Sato
- Departments of Pathology and HistotechnologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Yoshiaki Onodera
- Departments of Anatomic PathologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- Departments of Anatomic PathologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Minako Sakurai
- Departments of Anatomic PathologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Takanori Watanabe
- Departments of Breast SurgeryNational Hospital Organization Sendai Medical CenterSendaiJapan
| | | | - Ryuichi Yoshida
- Departments of Breast SurgeryOsaki Citizen HospitalOsakiJapan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Departments of Breast and Endocrine Surgical OncologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Departments of Anatomic PathologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
- Departments of PathologyTohoku University HospitalSendaiJapan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Departments of Pathology and HistotechnologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
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13
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Sandow JJ, Rainczuk A, Infusini G, Makanji M, Bilandzic M, Wilson AL, Fairweather N, Stanton PG, Garama D, Gough D, Jobling TW, Webb AI, Stephens AN. Discovery and Validation of Novel Protein Biomarkers in Ovarian Cancer Patient Urine. Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 12:e1700135. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201700135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod J. Sandow
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Department of Medical Biology; University of Melbourne; Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Adam Rainczuk
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences; Monash University; VIC Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; VIC Australia
| | - Giuseppe Infusini
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Department of Medical Biology; University of Melbourne; Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Ming Makanji
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences; Monash University; VIC Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; VIC Australia
| | - Maree Bilandzic
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences; Monash University; VIC Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; VIC Australia
| | - Amy L. Wilson
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences; Monash University; VIC Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; VIC Australia
| | | | - Peter G. Stanton
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences; Monash University; VIC Australia
| | - Daniel Garama
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences; Monash University; VIC Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; VIC Australia
| | - Daniel Gough
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences; Monash University; VIC Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; VIC Australia
| | - Thomas W. Jobling
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Monash Medical Centre; Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Andrew I. Webb
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Department of Medical Biology; University of Melbourne; Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Andrew N. Stephens
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences; Monash University; VIC Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; VIC Australia
- Epworth Research Institute; Epworth HealthCare; Richmond VIC Australia
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14
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DeLong JH, Hall AO, Konradt C, Coppock GM, Park J, Harms Pritchard G, Hunter CA. Cytokine- and TCR-Mediated Regulation of T Cell Expression of Ly6C and Sca-1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:1761-1770. [PMID: 29358280 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ly6C and Sca-1 (Ly6A/E) are Ly6 family GPI-anchored surface molecules that are differentially expressed by multiple immune populations. Ly6C expression has been used to distinguish short-lived effector CD4+ T cells from memory precursor effector cells, whereas Sca-1 has been used in the identification of CD8+ memory stem cells. This study examines the expression patterns of these molecules and establishes that, in vitro, IL-27, type I IFN, and IFN-γ are potent inducers of Ly6C and Sca-1 in naive mouse CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, whereas TGF-β limits their expression. The induction of Ly6C and Sca-1 by IL-27 and IFN-γ is dependent on STAT1, but not STAT3 or T-bet. In mouse splenocytes, at homeostasis, Ly6C and Sca-1 expression was not restricted to effector cells, but was also found at various levels on naive and memory populations. However, in response to infection with Toxoplasma gondii, pathogen-specific T cells expressed high levels of these molecules and in this context, endogenous IL-27 and IFN-γ were required for the expression of Ly6C but not Sca-1. Together, these findings highlight the TCR-dependent and cytokine-mediated signals that modulate T cell expression of Ly6C and Sca-1 in vitro and in vivo during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H DeLong
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Aisling O'Hara Hall
- Immunology Discovery Research, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19002
| | - Christoph Konradt
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Gaia M Coppock
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.,Department of Nephrology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Jeongho Park
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
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15
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Luo L, McGarvey P, Madhavan S, Kumar R, Gusev Y, Upadhyay G. Distinct lymphocyte antigens 6 (Ly6) family members Ly6D, Ly6E, Ly6K and Ly6H drive tumorigenesis and clinical outcome. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11165-93. [PMID: 26862846 PMCID: PMC4905465 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1) is used to isolate and characterize tumor initiating cell populations from tumors of various murine models [1]. Sca-1 induced disruption of TGF-β signaling is required in vivo tumorigenesis in breast cancer models [2, 3-5]. The role of human Ly6 gene family is only beginning to be appreciated in recent literature [6-9]. To study the significance of Ly6 gene family members, we have visualized one hundred thirty gene expression omnibus (GEO) dataset using Oncomine (Invitrogen) and Georgetown Database of Cancer (G-DOC). This analysis showed that four different members Ly6D, Ly6E, Ly6H or Ly6K have increased gene expressed in bladder, brain and CNS, breast, colorectal, cervical, ovarian, lung, head and neck, pancreatic and prostate cancer than their normal counter part tissues. Increased expression of Ly6D, Ly6E, Ly6H or Ly6K was observed in sub-set of cancer type. The increased expression of Ly6D, Ly6E, Ly6H and Ly6K was found to be associated with poor outcome in ovarian, colorectal, gastric, breast, lung, bladder or brain and CNS as observed by KM plotter and PROGgeneV2 platform. The remarkable findings of increased expression of Ly6 family members and its positive correlation with poor outcome on patient survival in multiple cancer type indicate that Ly6 family members Ly6D, Ly6E, Ly6K and Ly6H will be an important targets in clinical practice as marker of poor prognosis and for developing novel therapeutics in multiple cancer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Luo
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics (ICBI), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20007, United States of America.,Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20007, United States of America
| | - Peter McGarvey
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics (ICBI), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20007, United States of America.,Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20007, United States of America
| | - Subha Madhavan
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics (ICBI), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20007, United States of America.,Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20007, United States of America
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20037, United States of America
| | - Yuriy Gusev
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics (ICBI), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20007, United States of America.,Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20007, United States of America
| | - Geeta Upadhyay
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics (ICBI), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20007, United States of America.,Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20007, United States of America
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16
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Identification of Ly2 members as antimicrobial peptides from zebrafish Danio rerio. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160265. [PMID: 27980020 PMCID: PMC5240587 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) microbes caused by overuse of antibiotics leads to urgent demands for novel antibiotics exploration. Our recent data showed that Ly2.1–3 (a novel lymphocyte antigen 6 (Ly6) gene cluster) were proteins with cationic nature and rich in cysteine content, that are characteristic of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their expression were all significantly up-regulated after challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These strongly suggested that Ly2.1–3 are potential AMPs, but firm evidence are lacking. Here, we clearly showed that the recombinant proteins of Ly2.1–3 were capable of killing Gram-negative bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila and Escherichia coli, while they had little bactericidal activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. We also showed that recombinant proteins Ly2.1–3 (rLy2.1–3) were able to bind to the Gram-negative bacteria A. hydrophila, E. coli and the microbial signature molecule LPS, but not to the Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus and B. subtilis as well as the microbial signature molecule LTA. Moreover, the Scatchard analysis revealed that rLy2.1–3 could specifically bind to LPS. Finally, we found that Ly2.1–3 were not cytotoxic to mammalian cells. All these together indicate that Ly2.1–3 can function as AMPs.
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17
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Lypd8 promotes the segregation of flagellated microbiota and colonic epithelia. Nature 2016; 532:117-21. [PMID: 27027293 DOI: 10.1038/nature17406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Colonic epithelial cells are covered by thick inner and outer mucus layers. The inner mucus layer is free of commensal microbiota, which contributes to the maintenance of gut homeostasis. In the small intestine, molecules critical for prevention of bacterial invasion into epithelia such as Paneth-cell-derived anti-microbial peptides and regenerating islet-derived 3 (RegIII) family proteins have been identified. Although there are mucus layers providing physical barriers against the large number of microbiota present in the large intestine, the mechanisms that separate bacteria and colonic epithelia are not fully elucidated. Here we show that Ly6/PLAUR domain containing 8 (Lypd8) protein prevents flagellated microbiota invading the colonic epithelia in mice. Lypd8, selectively expressed in epithelial cells at the uppermost layer of the large intestinal gland, was secreted into the lumen and bound flagellated bacteria including Proteus mirabilis. In the absence of Lypd8, bacteria were present in the inner mucus layer and many flagellated bacteria invaded epithelia. Lypd8(-/-) mice were highly sensitive to intestinal inflammation induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Antibiotic elimination of Gram-negative flagellated bacteria restored the bacterial-free state of the inner mucus layer and ameliorated DSS-induced intestinal inflammation in Lypd8(-/-) mice. Lypd8 bound to flagella and suppressed motility of flagellated bacteria. Thus, Lypd8 mediates segregation of intestinal bacteria and epithelial cells in the colon to preserve intestinal homeostasis.
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18
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Masuishi Y, Kimura Y, Arakawa N, Hirano H. Identification of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins and ω-sites using TiO2-based affinity purification followed by hydrogen fluoride treatment. J Proteomics 2016; 139:77-83. [PMID: 26972028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored proteins (GPI-APs) in the outer leaflet of the membrane microdomains, commonly referred to as lipid rafts, play important roles in many biological processes such as signal transduction, cell adhesion, protein trafficking, and antigen presentation. From a topological viewpoint, elucidating the presence and localization of GPI-anchor modification sites (ω-sites) is important for the study of the biophysical properties and anchoring mechanisms of these proteins. However, very few reports have actually identified ω-sites of GPI-APs. To enable large-scale site-specific analysis of GPI anchoring, we developed a method for identification of ω-sites by mass spectrometry by combining titanium dioxide-based affinity purification and hydrogen fluoride treatment. This method was able to identify ~3-fold more GPI-APs than our previous method: the new technique identified a total of 73 ω-sites derived from 49 GPI-APs. In 13 of the 49 GPI-APs identified, the GPI-anchor attached to multiple amino acids in the C-terminal site, yielding a variety of different protein species. This method allows us to simultaneously identify many GPI-AP protein species with different ω-sites. We also demonstrated the C-terminal GPI anchor attachment signal peptide, based on information about the GPI anchor binding sites of 49 GPI-APs. Thus, our results provide evidence for new insight into the GPI-anchored proteome and the role of GPI anchoring. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are localized to the outer leaflet of the plasma membranes. Because the GPI anchor is a complex structure, the identification of GPI-anchored peptides by mass spectrometry has always been considered difficult. To improve the feasibility of large-scale site-specific analysis of GPI anchoring, we developed a method for identification of GPI-anchored peptides by combining titanium dioxide-based affinity purification with hydrogen fluoride treatment. Using this novel technique, we identified a total of 73 ω-sites derived from 49 GPI-APs. These data may help us to develop a comprehensive understanding of the GPI-anchored proteome and the role of GPI anchoring. Moreover, this method could be used to discover GPI-APs as candidate biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Masuishi
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, 8 Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, 8 Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kimura
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, 8 Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, 8 Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Noriaki Arakawa
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, 8 Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, 8 Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hirano
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, 8 Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, 8 Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
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19
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Galat A. Multidimensional Drift of Sequence Attributes and Functional Profiles in the Superfamily of the Three-Finger Proteins and Their Structural Homologues. J Chem Inf Model 2015; 55:2026-41. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Galat
- Commissariat à
l’Energie
Atomique, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie et
de Technologies de Saclay, Service d’Ingénierie Moléculaire
des Protéines, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
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20
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Lim W, Song G. Pivotal roles for hormonally regulated expression of the HEP21 gene in the reproductive tract of chickens for oviduct development and in ovarian carcinogenesis. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2014; 48:136-44. [PMID: 24906939 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hen egg protein (HEP21) is a 21-kDa secreted protein and has a single copy of the Ly6/uPAR domain. Although HEP21 is expressed primarily in the chicken oviduct, its biological function(s) in the reproductive system of chickens is not known. Thus, in the present study, we investigated expression patterns of HEP21 with respect to hormonal regulation, oviduct development, changes in expression in laying hens undergoing induced molting, and in the development of ovarian carcinogenesis in laying hens. Results of present study indicated that HEP21 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression increased (P < 0.001) in the chicken oviduct in response to estrogen. In situ hybridization analyses revealed expression of HEP21 mRNA predominantly in glandular (GE) and luminal epithelia of the magnum of the chicken oviduct in response to estrogen. The expression of HEP21 mRNA decreased (P < 0.001) as the oviduct regressed during induced molting and increased (P < 0.001) with recrudescence of the oviduct following molting. HEP21 mRNA was most abundant in GE of the oviduct during recrudescence, but not during oviduct regression following induced molting. Moreover, we found abundant expression of HEP21 in GE of cancerous ovaries, but not in normal ovaries of hens. Collectively, results of present study suggest that HEP21 is an estrogen-responsive gene in the oviduct of hens that likely regulates development of the chicken oviduct, and egg production and formation. Furthermore, there is increased expression of HEP21 in epithelial-derived ovarian cancer suggesting that HEP21 could be used for diagnosis and monitoring carcinogenesis in laying hens and in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - G Song
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Özhan G, Sezgin E, Wehner D, Pfister AS, Kühl SJ, Kagermeier-Schenk B, Kühl M, Schwille P, Weidinger G. Lypd6 enhances Wnt/β-catenin signaling by promoting Lrp6 phosphorylation in raft plasma membrane domains. Dev Cell 2013; 26:331-45. [PMID: 23987510 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays critical roles during embryogenesis, tissue homeostasis, and regeneration. How Wnt-receptor complex activity is regulated is not yet fully understood. Here, we identify the Ly6 family protein LY6/PLAUR domain-containing 6 (Lypd6) as a positive feedback regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. lypd6 enhances Wnt signaling in zebrafish and Xenopus embryos and in mammalian cells, and it is required for wnt8-mediated patterning of the mesoderm and neuroectoderm during zebrafish gastrulation. Lypd6 is GPI anchored to the plasma membrane and physically interacts with the Wnt receptor Frizzled8 and the coreceptor Lrp6. Biophysical and biochemical evidence indicates that Lypd6 preferentially localizes to raft membrane domains, where Lrp6 is phosphorylated upon Wnt stimulation. lypd6 knockdown or mislocalization of the Lypd6 protein to nonraft membrane domains shifts Lrp6 phosphorylation to these domains and inhibits Wnt signaling. Thus, Lypd6 appears to control Lrp6 activation specifically in membrane rafts, which is essential for downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günes Özhan
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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22
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Willaert B, Bossuyt F, Janssenswillen S, Adriaens D, Baggerman G, Matthijs S, Pauwels E, Proost P, Raepsaet A, Schoofs L, Stegen G, Treer D, Van Hoorebeke L, Vandebergh W, Van Bocxlaer I. Frog nuptial pads secrete mating season-specific proteins related to salamander pheromones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 216:4139-43. [PMID: 23948475 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.086363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Males of many frog species develop spiny nuptial pads with underlying glands on their thumbs during the mating period. We used 3D visualization on the European common frog Rana temporaria to show that the morphology of these glands allows the channelling of secreted molecules to the pad's surface during amplexus. Combined transcriptome and proteome analyses show that proteins of the Ly-6/uPAR family, here termed amplexins, are highly expressed in the nuptial glands during the mating season, but are totally absent outside that period. The function of amplexins remains unknown, but it is interesting to note that they share structural similarities with plethodontid modulating factors, proteins that influence courtship duration in salamanders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Willaert
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Biology Department, Amphibian Evolution Lab, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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