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Hu Y, Nan Y, Lin H, Zhao Q, Chen T, Tao X, Ding B, Lu L, Chen S, Zhu J, Guo X, Lin Z. Celastrol ameliorates hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03246-9. [PMID: 38763946 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is caused by perinatal hypoxia and subsequent reductions in cerebral blood flow and is one of the leading causes of severe disability or death in newborns. Despite its prevalence, we currently lack an effective drug therapy to combat HIE. Celastrol (Cel) is a pentacyclic triterpene extracted from Tripterygium Wilfordi that can protect against oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer. However, whether Cel can alleviate neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain damage remains unclear. METHODS Here, we established both in vitro and in vivo models of HI brain damage using CoCl2-treated PC12 cells and neonatal rats, respectively, and explored the neuroprotective effects of Cel in these models. RESULTS Analyses revealed that Cel administration reduced brain infarction size, microglia activation, levels of inflammation factors, and levels of oxidative stress markers by upregulating levels of p-AMPKα, Nrf2, HO-1, and by downregulating levels of TXNIP and NLRP3. Conversely, these beneficial effects of Cel on HI brain damage were largely inhibited by AMPKα inhibitor Compound C and its siRNA. CONCLUSIONS We present compelling evidence that Cel decreases inflammation and oxidative stress through the AMPKα/Nrf2/TXNIP signaling pathway, thereby alleviating neonatal HI brain injury. Cel therefore represents a promising therapeutic agent for treating HIE. IMPACT We firstly report that celastrol can ameliorate neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury both in in vivo and in vitro, which represents a promising therapeutic agent for treating related brain injuries. Celastrol activates the AMPKα/Nrf2/TXNIP signaling pathway to relieve oxidative stress and inflammation and thereby alleviates neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Hu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Nan
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongzhou Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianlei Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyue Tao
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bingqing Ding
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liying Lu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shangqin Chen
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianghu Zhu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Basic Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Basic Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Children Genitourinary Diseases of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Basic Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Vilaboa N, Voellmy R. Withaferin A and Celastrol Overwhelm Proteostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:367. [PMID: 38203539 PMCID: PMC10779417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Withaferin A (WA) and celastrol (CEL) are major bioactive components of plants that have been widely employed in traditional medicine. The pleiotropic activities of plant preparations and the isolated compounds in vitro and in vivo have been documented in hundreds of studies. Both WA and CEL were shown to have anticancer activity. Although WA and CEL belong to different chemical classes, our synthesis of the available information suggests that the compounds share basic mechanisms of action. Both WA and CEL bind covalently to numerous proteins, causing the partial unfolding of some of these proteins and of many bystander proteins. The resulting proteotoxic stress, when excessive, leads to cell death. Both WA and CEL trigger the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) which, if the proteotoxic stress persists, results in apoptosis mediated by the PERK/eIF-2/ATF4/CHOP pathway or another UPR-dependent pathway. Other mechanisms of cell death may play contributory or even dominant roles depending on cell type. As shown in a proteomic study with WA, the compounds appear to function largely as electrophilic reactants, indiscriminately modifying reachable nucleophilic amino acid side chains of proteins. However, a remarkable degree of target specificity is imparted by the cellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Vilaboa
- Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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Sah DK, Arjunan A, Lee B, Jung YD. Reactive Oxygen Species and H. pylori Infection: A Comprehensive Review of Their Roles in Gastric Cancer Development. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1712. [PMID: 37760015 PMCID: PMC10525271 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and makes up a significant component of the global cancer burden. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most influential risk factor for GC, with the International Agency for Research on Cancer classifying it as a Class I carcinogen for GC. H. pylori has been shown to persist in stomach acid for decades, causing damage to the stomach's mucosal lining, altering gastric hormone release patterns, and potentially altering gastric function. Epidemiological studies have shown that eliminating H. pylori reduces metachronous cancer. Evidence shows that various molecular alterations are present in gastric cancer and precancerous lesions associated with an H. pylori infection. However, although H. pylori can cause oxidative stress-induced gastric cancer, with antioxidants potentially being a treatment for GC, the exact mechanism underlying GC etiology is not fully understood. This review provides an overview of recent research exploring the pathophysiology of H. pylori-induced oxidative stress that can cause cancer and the antioxidant supplements that can reduce or even eliminate GC occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bora Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyang Ro 264, Jeonnam, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (D.K.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Young Do Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyang Ro 264, Jeonnam, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (D.K.S.); (A.A.)
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Zhang C, Wang W, Du C, Li H, Zhou K, Luan Z, Chang Y, Liu S, Wei Y. Autophagy in the pharmacological activities of celastrol (Review). Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:268. [PMID: 37206564 PMCID: PMC10189746 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Celastrol, a natural compound extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, possesses broad-spectrum pharmacological properties. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process through which cytoplasmic cargo is delivered to the lysosomes for degradation. Autophagy dysregulation contributes to multiple pathological processes. Therefore, targeting autophagic activity is a promising therapy for various diseases, as well as a drug-development strategy. According to previous studies, autophagy is specifically targeted and may be altered in response to celastrol treatment, highlighting that autophagy modulation is an important mechanism underlying the therapeutic efficacy of celastrol for the treatment of various diseases. The present study summarizes the currently available information regarding the role of autophagy in the effect of celastrol to exert anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-pulmonary fibrosis and anti-macular degeneration activities. The diverse signaling pathways involved are also analyzed to provide insight into the mechanisms of action of celastrol and thereby pave the way for establishing celastrol as an efficacious autophagy modulator in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
| | - Weiyan Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
| | - Chenhui Du
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
| | - Huifang Li
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Shanxi Institute of Energy, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030600, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Luan
- Experimental Management Center, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
| | - Yinxia Chang
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
| | - Shan Liu
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
| | - Yanming Wei
- College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Yanming Wei, College of Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Street, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
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Ku JM, Kim MJ, Choi YJ, Lee SY, Im JY, Jo YK, Yoon S, Kim JH, Cha JW, Shin YC, Ko SG. JI017 Induces Cell Autophagy and Apoptosis via Elevated Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species in Human Lung Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087528. [PMID: 37108692 PMCID: PMC10145189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors and a leading cause of cancer-related death in the worldwide. Various anticancer drugs, such as cisplatin and pemetrexed, have been developed for lung cancer treatment but due their drug resistance and side effects, novel treatments need to be developed. In this study, the efficacy of the natural drug JI017, which is known to have few side effects, was tested in lung cancer cells. JI017 inhibited A549, H460, and H1299 cell proliferation. JI017 induced apoptosis, regulated apoptotic molecules, and inhibited colony formation. Additionally, JI017 increased intracellular ROS generation. JI017 downregulated PI3K, AKT, and mTOR expression. JI017 increased the cytosolic accumulation of LC3. We found that JI017 promoted apoptosis through ROS-induced autophagy. Additionally, the xenograft tumor size was smaller in JI017-treated mice. We found that JI017 treatment increased MDA concentrations, decreased Ki-67 protein levels, and increased cleaved caspase-3 and LC3 levels in vivo. JI017 decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis by inducing autophagy signaling in H460 and H1299 lung cancer cells. Targeting JI017 and autophagy signaling could be useful in lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Mo Ku
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jeong Choi
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeong Im
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Kyu Jo
- Department of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Yoon
- Department of Applied Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Kim
- Department of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jie Won Cha
- Department of Applied Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Cheol Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Vilaboa N, Lopez JA, de Mesa M, Escudero-Duch C, Winfield N, Bayford M, Voellmy R. Disruption of Proteostasis by Natural Products and Synthetic Compounds That Induce Pervasive Unfolding of Proteins: Therapeutic Implications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040616. [PMID: 37111374 PMCID: PMC10145903 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure of many cancer cells, including multiple myeloma cells, to cytotoxic concentrations of natural products celastrol and withaferin A or synthetic compounds of the IHSF series resulted in denaturation of a luciferase reporter protein. Proteomic analysis of detergent-insoluble extract fractions from HeLa-derived cells revealed that withaferin A, IHSF058 and IHSF115 caused denaturation of 915, 722 and 991 of 5132 detected cellular proteins, respectively, of which 440 were targeted by all three compounds. Western blots showed that important fractions of these proteins, in some cases approaching half of total protein amounts, unfolded. Relatively indiscriminate covalent modification of target proteins was observed; 1178 different proteins were modified by IHSF058. Further illustrating the depth of the induced proteostasis crisis, only 13% of these proteins detectably aggregated, and 79% of the proteins that aggregated were not targets of covalent modification. Numerous proteostasis network components were modified and/or found in aggregates. Proteostasis disruption caused by the study compounds may be more profound than that mediated by proteasome inhibitors. The compounds act by a different mechanism that may be less susceptible to resistance development. Multiple myeloma cells were particularly sensitive to the compounds. Development of an additional proteostasis-disrupting therapy of multiple myeloma is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Vilaboa
- Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Lopez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco de Mesa
- Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Escudero-Duch
- Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalie Winfield
- Domainex Ltd., Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Essex, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Melanie Bayford
- Domainex Ltd., Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Essex, Saffron Walden CB10 1XL, UK
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Wang X, Chauhan G, Tacderas ARL, Muth A, Gupta V. Surface-Modified Inhaled Microparticle-Encapsulated Celastrol for Enhanced Efficacy in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5204. [PMID: 36982279 PMCID: PMC10049545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive cancer affecting the pleural lining of the lungs. Celastrol (Cela), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, has demonstrated promising therapeutic potential as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective agent, and anti-cancer agent. In this study, we developed inhaled surface-modified Cela-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) microparticles (Cela MPs) for the treatment of MPM using a double emulsion solvent evaporation method. The optimized Cela MPs exhibited high entrapment efficiency (72.8 ± 6.1%) and possessed a wrinkled surface with a mean geometric diameter of ~2 µm and an aerodynamic diameter of 4.5 ± 0.1 µm, suggesting them to be suitable for pulmonary delivery. A subsequent release study showed an initial burst release up to 59.9 ± 2.9%, followed by sustained release. The therapeutic efficacy of Cela MPs was evaluated against four mesothelioma cell lines, where Cela MP exhibited significant reduction in IC50 values, and blank MPs produced no toxicity to normal cells. Additionally, a 3D-spheroid study was performed where a single dose of Cela MP at 1.0 µM significantly inhibited spheroid growth. Cela MP was also able to retain the antioxidant activity of Cela only while mechanistic studies revealed triggered autophagy and an induction of apoptosis. Therefore, these studies highlight the anti-mesothelioma activity of Cela and demonstrate that Cela MPs are a promising inhalable medicine for MPM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Gautam Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Alison R. L. Tacderas
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, St. John’s University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Aaron Muth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
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Kim NH, Kwon M, Jung J, Chae HB, Lee J, Yoon YJ, Moon IS, Lee HK, Namkung W, Stankovic KM, Lee SA, Lee JD, Park SA. Celastrol suppresses the growth of vestibular schwannoma in mice by promoting the degradation of β-catenin. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2993-3001. [PMID: 35478244 PMCID: PMC9622805 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00908-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Vestibular schwannoma (VS), one of characteristic tumors of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), is an intracranial tumor that arises from Schwann cells of the vestibular nerve. VS results in hearing loss, tinnitus, dizziness, and even death, but there are currently no FDA-approved drugs for treatment. In this study, we established a high-throughput screening to discover effective compounds that could inhibit the viability of VS cells. Among 1019 natural products from the Korea Chemical Bank screened, we found that celastrol, a pentacyclic triterpene derived from a Tripterygium Wilfordi plant, exerted potent inhibitory effect on the viability of VS cells with an IC50 value of 0.5 µM. Celastrol (0.5, 1 µM) dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of primary VS cells derived from VS patients. Celastrol also inhibited the growth, and induced apoptosis of two other VS cell lines (HEI-193 and SC4). Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been found in VS isolated from clinically defined NF2 patients. In HEI-193 and SC4 cells, we demonstrated that celastrol (0.1, 0.5 μM) dose-dependently inhibited TOPFlash reporter activity and protein expression of β-catenin, but not mRNA level of β-catenin. Furthermore, celastrol accelerated the degradation of β-catenin by promoting the formation of the β-catenin destruction complex. In nude mice bearing VS cell line SC4 allografts, administration of celastrol (1.25 mg · kg-1 · d-1, i.p. once every 3 days for 2 weeks) significantly suppressed the tumor growth without showing toxicity. Collectively, this study demonstrates that celastrol can inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling by promoting the degradation of β-catenin, consequently inhibiting the growth of VS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Hui Kim
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kwon
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoo Jung
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Byeong Chae
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jun Yoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - In Seok Moon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho K Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Namkung
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Konstantina M Stankovic
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Se A Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, 14584, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Dae Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, 14584, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sin-Aye Park
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, 31538, Republic of Korea.
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Yang J, Liu J, Li J, Jing M, Zhang L, Sun M, Wang Q, Sun H, Hou G, Wang C, Xin W. Celastrol inhibits rheumatoid arthritis by inducing autophagy via inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109241. [PMID: 36116150 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the synovial joints. Celastrol (Cel) is a quinone-methylated triterpenoid extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) that has been proven to be effective in treating RA. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of celastrol in the treatment of RA remains unknown. This study explored the protective effect of celastrol against RA and the specific mechanisms of celastrol in vitro and in vivo. METHODS A chicken type II collagen (CII)-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model was used to explore the anti-arthritic effects of celastrol, and paw swelling degree, the poly-arthritis index score and serum cytokine levels were determined. Pathological morphology was observed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The influences of celastrol on the proliferation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) were tested by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays and5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining assays. The level of autophagy was detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and the status of autophagy in the CIA model and FLSs were also detected by western blot and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS The results showed that celastrol decreased arthritis severity and inhibited TNF-α-induced FLSs proliferation. Additionally, celastrol decreased the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, celastrol increased autophagosome levels and LC3B protein expression in TNF-α-treated FLSs. Furthermore, celastrol increased the protein expression of LC3-II and Beclin-1 and decreased the phosphorylation degree of mTOR and AKT. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our findings confirmed that celastrol ameliorates RA via the up-regulation of autophagy by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guangdong, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Ming Jing
- Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Leiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Mengmeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China
| | - Qiaoyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Hongliu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Guige Hou
- Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China.
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China.
| | - Wenyu Xin
- Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China.
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Chen G, Zhu X, Li J, Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhang R, Qin X, Chen X, Wang J, Liao W, Wu Z, Lu L, Wu W, Yu H, Ma L. Celastrol inhibits lung cancer growth by triggering histone acetylation and acting synergically with HDAC inhibitors. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106487. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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11
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Incorporation of Nanocatalysts for the Production of Bio-Oil from Staphylea holocarpa Wood. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204385. [PMID: 36297963 PMCID: PMC9609867 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomass has been recognized as the most common source of renewable energy. In recent years, researchers have paved the way for a search for suitable biomass resources to replace traditional fossil fuel energy and provide high energy output. Although there are plenty of studies of biomass as good biomaterials, there is little detailed information about Staphylea holocarpa wood (S. holocarpa) as a potential bio-oil material. The purpose of this study is to explore the potential of S. holocarpa wood as a bio-oil. Nanocatalyst cobalt (II) oxide (Co3O4) and Nickel (II) oxide (NiO) were used to improve the production of bio-oil from S. holocarpa wood. The preparation of biofuels and the extraction of bioactive drugs were performed by the rapid gasification of nanocatalysts. The result indicated that the abundant chemical components detected in the S. holocarpa wood extract could be used in biomedicine, cosmetics, and biofuels, and have a broad industrial application prospect. In addition, nanocatalyst cobalt tetraoxide (Co3O4) could improve the catalytic cracking of S. holocarpa wood and generate more bioactive molecules at high temperature, which is conducive to the utilization and development of S. holocarpa wood as biomass. This is the first time that S. holocarpa wood was used in combination with nanocatalysts. In the future, nanocatalysts can be used to solve the problem of sustainable development of biological resources.
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Fu X, Mao Q, Zhang B, Lv J, Ping K, Zhang P, Lin F, Zhao J, Feng Y, Yang J, Wang H, Zhang L, Mou Y, Wang S. Thiazolidinedione-Based Structure Modification of Celastrol Provides Thiazolidinedione-Conjugated Derivatives as Potent Agents against Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells through a Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptotic Pathway. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:1147-1156. [PMID: 35255689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the potential of celastrol against non-small-cell lung cancer cells, the privileged structure, thiazolidinedione, was introduced into its C-20 carboxylic group with acetylpiperazine as a linker, and the thiazolidinedione-conjugated compounds 10a-10t were prepared. The target compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against the A549 cell line, and the results showed that most of the compounds 10a-10t displayed improved potency over celastrol, and compound 10b exhibited significant activity against the A549 cell line, with an IC50 value of 0.08 μM, which was 13.8-fold more potent than celastrol (IC50 = 1.10 μM). The mechanistic studies suggested that 10b could induce A549 cell apoptosis, as evidenced by Hoechst 33342 staining and annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide dual staining assays. Western blot analysis suggested that compound 10b could upregulate Bax expression, downregulate Bcl-2 expression, and activate the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, compound 10b could effectively inhibit tumor growth when tested in an A549 cell xenograft mouse model. Collectively, compound 10b is worthy of further investigation to support the discovery of effective agents against non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qing Mao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jialun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kunqi Ping
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fengwei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
- Ningxia Kangya Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yinchuan 750000, China
| | - Jincheng Yang
- Ningxia Kangya Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yinchuan 750000, China
| | - Huiyu Wang
- Ningxia Kangya Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yinchuan 750000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yanhua Mou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Culture Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
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Ou G, Jiang X, Gao A, Li X, Lin Z, Pei S. Celastrol Inhibits Canine Mammary Tumor Cells by Inducing Apoptosis via the Caspase Pathway. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:801407. [PMID: 35187141 PMCID: PMC8854749 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.801407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine mammary tumor is a serious disease threatening the health of dogs and can be used as a research model for human breast cancer. The study of canine mammary tumor has a role in improving the welfare of dogs. Most common canine mammary tumor chemotherapy drugs have limited effects and drug resistance. Celastrol is an extract of Tripterygium wilfordii, which has a wide range of biological activities, including significant anti-tumor effects. At present, celastrol has not been used in the clinical treatment for canine mammary tumor. This study investigated the anti-tumor properties of celastrol through in vitro assay of cell proliferation inhibition, cell colony, cell migration, and invasion; flow cytometry, qPCR, and Western Blot methods were used to explore the anti-tumor mechanism of celastrol. The results showed that celastrol can inhibit the proliferation of canine mammary tumor cells in vitro, and decrease the migration and invasion ability of canine mammary tumor cells. We also found that celastrol can upregulate Cleaved Caspase-3 and Cleaved Caspase-9 protein expression levels to promote cell apoptosis, and can regulate cell cycle-related proteins to induce cell cycle arrest. In summary, celastrol may inhibit canine mammary tumor cells through the Caspase pathway, providing a new direction for anti-canine mammary tumor drugs, and is expected to become a new anti-cancer drug for canine mammary tumors.
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Zhao J, Zhang F, Xiao X, Wu Z, Hu Q, Jiang Y, Zhang W, Wei S, Ma X, Zhang X. Tripterygium hypoglaucum (Lévl.) Hutch and Its Main Bioactive Components: Recent Advances in Pharmacological Activity, Pharmacokinetics and Potential Toxicity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:715359. [PMID: 34887747 PMCID: PMC8650721 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.715359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripterygium hypoglaucum (Lévl.) Hutch (THH) is believed to play an important role in health care and disease treatment according to traditional Chinese medicine. Moreover, it is also the representative of medicine with both significant efficacy and potential toxicity. This characteristic causes THH hard for embracing and fearing. In order to verify its prospect for clinic, a wide variety of studies were carried out in the most recent years. However, there has not been any review about THH yet. Therefore, this review summarized its characteristic of components, pharmacological effect, pharmacokinetics and toxicity to comprehensively shed light on the potential clinical application. More than 120 secondary metabolites including terpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, sugars, organic acids, oleanolic acid, polysaccharides and other components were found in THH based on phytochemical research. All these components might be the pharmacological bases for immunosuppression, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour effect. In addition, recent studies found that THH and its bioactive compounds also demonstrated remarkable effect on obesity, insulin resistance, fertility and infection of virus. The main mechanism seemed to be closely related to regulation the balance of immune, inflammation, apoptosis and so on in various disease. Furthermore, the study of pharmacokinetics revealed quick elimination of the main component triptolide. The feature of celastrol was also investigated by several models. Finally, the side effect of THH was thought to be the key for its limitation in clinical application. A series of reports indicated that multiple organs or systems including liver, kidney and genital system were involved in the toxicity. Its potential serious problem in liver was paid specific attention in recent years. In summary, considering the significant effect and potential toxicity of THH as well as its components, the combined medication to inhibit the toxicity, maintain effect might be a promising method for clinical conversion. Modern advanced technology such as structure optimization might be another way to reach the efficacy and safety. Thus, THH is still a crucial plant which remains for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Xiao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinxiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
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15
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Targeting Drug Chemo-Resistance in Cancer Using Natural Products. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101353. [PMID: 34680470 PMCID: PMC8533186 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally. The development of drug resistance is the main contributor to cancer-related mortality. Cancer cells exploit multiple mechanisms to reduce the therapeutic effects of anticancer drugs, thereby causing chemotherapy failure. Natural products are accessible, inexpensive, and less toxic sources of chemotherapeutic agents. Additionally, they have multiple mechanisms of action to inhibit various targets involved in the development of drug resistance. In this review, we have summarized the basic research and clinical applications of natural products as possible inhibitors for drug resistance in cancer. The molecular targets and the mechanisms of action of each natural product are also explained. Diverse drug resistance biomarkers were sensitive to natural products. P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein can be targeted by a large number of natural products. On the other hand, protein kinase C and topoisomerases were less sensitive to most of the studied natural products. The studies discussed in this review will provide a solid ground for scientists to explore the possible use of natural products in combination anticancer therapies to overcome drug resistance by targeting multiple drug resistance mechanisms.
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16
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Al-Bari MAA, Ito Y, Ahmed S, Radwan N, Ahmed HS, Eid N. Targeting Autophagy with Natural Products as a Potential Therapeutic Approach for Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9807. [PMID: 34575981 PMCID: PMC8467030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macro-autophagy (autophagy) is a highly conserved eukaryotic intracellular process of self-digestion caused by lysosomes on demand, which is upregulated as a survival strategy upon exposure to various stressors, such as metabolic insults, cytotoxic drugs, and alcohol abuse. Paradoxically, autophagy dysfunction also contributes to cancer and aging. It is well known that regulating autophagy by targeting specific regulatory molecules in its machinery can modulate multiple disease processes. Therefore, autophagy represents a significant pharmacological target for drug development and therapeutic interventions in various diseases, including cancers. According to the framework of autophagy, the suppression or induction of autophagy can exert therapeutic properties through the promotion of cell death or cell survival, which are the two main events targeted by cancer therapies. Remarkably, natural products have attracted attention in the anticancer drug discovery field, because they are biologically friendly and have potential therapeutic effects. In this review, we summarize the up-to-date knowledge regarding natural products that can modulate autophagy in various cancers. These findings will provide a new position to exploit more natural compounds as potential novel anticancer drugs and will lead to a better understanding of molecular pathways by targeting the various autophagy stages of upcoming cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuko Ito
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2–7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Samrein Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, College of Health and Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK;
| | - Nada Radwan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Hend S. Ahmed
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Omdurman Ahlia University, Khartoum 786, Sudan;
| | - Nabil Eid
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates;
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17
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Lim HY, Ong PS, Wang L, Goel A, Ding L, Li-Ann Wong A, Ho PCL, Sethi G, Xiang X, Goh BC. Celastrol in cancer therapy: Recent developments, challenges and prospects. Cancer Lett 2021; 521:252-267. [PMID: 34508794 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the world's biggest healthcare burdens and despite the current advancements made in treatment plans, the outcomes for oncology patients have yet to reach their full potential. Hence, there is a pressing need to develop novel anti-cancer drugs. A popular drug class for research are natural compounds, due to their multi-targeting potential and enhanced safety profile. One such promising natural bioactive compound derived from a vine, Tripterygium wilfordii is celastrol. Pre-clinical studies revolving around the use of celastrol have revealed positive pharmacological activities in various types of cancers, thus suggesting the chemical's potential anti-cancerous effects. However, despite the numerous preclinical studies carried out over the past few decades, celastrol has not reached human trials for cancer. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms and therapeutic potentials of celastrol in treatment for different types of cancer. Subsequently, we also explore the possible reasons hindering its development for human use as cancer therapy, like its narrow therapeutic window and poor pharmacokinetic properties. Additionally, after critically analysing both in vitro and in vivo evidence, we discuss about the key pathways effected by celastrol and the suitable types of cancer that can be targeted by the natural drug, thus giving insight into future directions that can be taken, such as in-depth analysis and research of the druggability of celastrol derivatives, to aid the clinical translation of this promising anti-cancer lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ying Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 117559, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Pei Shi Ong
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 117559, Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Arul Goel
- La Canada High School, La Canada Flintridge, CA, 91011, USA
| | - Lingwen Ding
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Li-Ann Wong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, 119228, Singapore
| | - Paul Chi-Lui Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 117559, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Xiaoqiang Xiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore; Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, 119228, Singapore.
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18
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Allemailem KS, Almatroudi A, Alrumaihi F, Almatroodi SA, Alkurbi MO, Basfar GT, Rahmani AH, Khan AA. Novel Approaches of Dysregulating Lysosome Functions in Cancer Cells by Specific Drugs and Its Nanoformulations: A Smart Approach of Modern Therapeutics. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5065-5098. [PMID: 34345172 PMCID: PMC8324981 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s321343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The smart strategy of cancer cells to bypass the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway has led to the discovery of novel anti-cancer approaches including the targeting of lysosomes. Recent discoveries observed that lysosomes perform far beyond just recycling of cellular waste, as these organelles are metabolically very active and mediate several signalling pathways to sense the cellular metabolic status. These organelles also play a significant role in mediating the immune system functions. Thus, direct or indirect lysosome-targeting with different drugs can be considered a novel therapeutic approach in different disease including cancer. Recently, some anticancer lysosomotropic drugs (eg, nortriptyline, siramesine, desipramine) and their nanoformulations have been engineered to specifically accumulate within these organelles. These drugs can enhance lysosome membrane permeabilization (LMP) or disrupt the activity of resident enzymes and protein complexes, like v-ATPase and mTORC1. Other anticancer drugs like doxorubicin, quinacrine, chloroquine and DQ661 have also been used which act through multi-target points. In addition, autophagy inhibitors, ferroptosis inducers and fluorescent probes have also been used as novel theranostic agents. Several lysosome-specific drug nanoformulations like mixed charge and peptide conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), Au-ZnO hybrid NPs, TPP-PEG-biotin NPs, octadecyl-rhodamine-B and cationic liposomes, etc. have been synthesized by diverse methods. These nanoformulations can target cathepsins, glucose-regulated protein 78, or other lysosome specific proteins in different cancers. The specific targeting of cancer cell lysosomes with drug nanoformulations is quite recent and faces tremendous challenges like toxicity concerns to normal tissues, which may be resolved in future research. The anticancer applications of these nanoformulations have led them up to various stages of clinical trials. Here in this review article, we present the recent updates about the lysosome ultrastructure, its cross-talk with other organelles, and the novel strategies of targeting this organelle in tumor cells as a recent innovative approach of cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad O Alkurbi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaiyda Talal Basfar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Dai CH, Zhu LR, Wang Y, Tang XP, Du YJ, Chen YC, Li J. Celastrol acts synergistically with afatinib to suppress non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation by inducing paraptosis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:4538-4554. [PMID: 33230821 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is intrinsic resistance to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as afatinib. Celastrol, a natural compound with antitumor activity, was reported to induce paraptosis in cancer cells. In this study, intrinsic EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC cell lines H23 (EGFR wild-type and KRAS mutation) and H292 (EGFR wild-type and overexpression) were used to test whether celastrol could overcome primary afatinib resistance through paraptosis induction. The synergistic effect of celastrol and afatinib on survival inhibition of the NSCLC cells was evaluated by CCK-8 assay and isobologram analysis. The paraptosis and its modulation were assessed by light and electron microscopy, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence. Xenografts models were established to investigate the inhibitory effect of celastrol plus afatinib on the growth of the NSCLC tumors in vivo. Results showed that celastrol acted synergistically with afatinib to suppress the survival of H23 and H292 cells by inducing paraptosis characterized by extensive cytoplasmic vacuolation. This process was independent of apoptosis and not associated with autophagy induction. Afatinib plus celastrol-induced cytoplasmic vacuolation was preceded by endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response. Accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial Ca2+ overload may be initiating factors of celastrol/afatinib-induced paraptosis and subsequent cell death. Furthermore, Celastrol and afatinib synergistically suppressed the growth of H23 cell xenograft tumors in vivo. The data indicate that a combination of afatinib and celastrol may be a promising therapeutic strategy to surmount intrinsic afatinib resistance in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hau Dai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li-Rong Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Center of Medical Experiment, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xing-Ping Tang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yong-Jie Du
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yong-Chang Chen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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20
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TAK1 signaling is a potential therapeutic target for pathological angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:453-470. [PMID: 33973075 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a critical role in both physiological responses and disease pathogenesis. Excessive angiogenesis can promote neoplastic diseases and retinopathies, while inadequate angiogenesis can lead to aberrant perfusion and impaired wound healing. Transforming growth factor β activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase family, is a key modulator involved in a range of cellular functions including the immune responses, cell survival and death. TAK1 is activated in response to various stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines, hypoxia, and oxidative stress. Emerging evidence has recently suggested that TAK1 is intimately involved in angiogenesis and mediates pathogenic processes related to angiogenesis. Several detailed mechanisms by which TAK1 regulates pathological angiogenesis have been clarified, and potential therapeutics targeting TAK1 have emerged. In this review, we summarize recent studies of TAK1 in angiogenesis and discuss the crosstalk between TAK1 and signaling pathways involved in pathological angiogenesis. We also discuss the approaches for selectively targeting TAK1 and highlight the rationales of therapeutic strategies based on TAK1 inhibition for the treatment of pathological angiogenesis.
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21
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Shao G, Zhu S, Yang B. Applications of Herbal Medicine to Treat Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:629848. [PMID: 33986666 PMCID: PMC8111540 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.629848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common hereditary kidney disease, which is featured by progressively enlarged bilateral fluid-filled cysts. Enlarging cysts destroy the structure of nephrons, ultimately resulting in the loss of renal function. Eventually, ADPKD develops into end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Currently, there is no effective drug therapy that can be safely used clinically. Patients progressed into ESRD usually require hemodialysis and kidney transplant, which is a heavy burden on both patients and society. Therefore, looking for effective therapeutic drugs is important for treating ADPKD. In previous studies, herbal medicines showed their great effects in multiple diseases, such as cancer, diabetes and mental disorders, which also might play a role in ADPKD treatment. Currently, several studies have reported that the compounds from herbal medicines, such as triptolide, curcumin, ginkolide B, steviol, G. lucidum triterpenoids, Celastrol, saikosaponin-d, Sparganum stoloniferum Buch.-Ham and Cordyceps sinensis, contribute to the inhibition of the development of renal cysts and the progression of ADPKD, which function by similar or different mechanisms. These studies suggest that herbal medicines could be a promising type of drugs and can provide new inspiration for clinical therapeutic strategy for ADPKD. This review summarizes the pharmacological effects of the herbal medicines on ADPKD progression and their underlying mechanisms in both in vivo and in vitro ADPKD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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22
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You D, Jeong Y, Yoon SY, A Kim S, Kim SW, Nam SJ, Lee JE, Kim S. Celastrol attenuates the inflammatory response by inhibiting IL‑1β expression in triple‑negative breast cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:89. [PMID: 33846813 PMCID: PMC8042664 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-1 promotes cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness in various malignancies, such as breast and colorectal cancer. In the present study, the functional roles of IL-1β (IL1B) and the inhibitory effect of celastrol on IL1B expression were investigated in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. The data revealed that celastrol markedly decreased IL1B expression and suppressed TNBC cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The levels of IL1B and IL8 mRNA were significantly increased in TNBC cells compared with non-TNBC cells. In addition, IL1B augmented the expression levels of IL8 as well as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP-1 and MMP-9, in TNBC cells. Furthermore, IL1B expression was decreased by a specific MEK1/2 inhibitor, MEK162. Celastrol also promoted IL1B downregulation through the suppression of the MEK/ERK-dependent pathway. Furthermore, the results also revealed a decrease in IL1B-induced IL8, MMP-1, and MMP-9 expression in response to celastrol treatment. The induction of cellular invasion by IL1B was also markedly decreased by celastrol. Collectively, the present study results suggested celastrol as an effective drug for the treatment of TNBC, involving a reduction in IL1B expression, activity or signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeun You
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, The Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Yisun Jeong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, The Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Yoon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, The Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung A Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, The Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Won Kim
- Department of Breast Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jin Nam
- Department of Breast Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eon Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, The Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Kim
- Department of Breast Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
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23
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Qiu N, Liu Y, Liu Q, Chen Y, Shen L, Hu M, Zhou X, Shen Y, Gao J, Huang L. Celastrol nanoemulsion induces immunogenicity and downregulates PD-L1 to boost abscopal effect in melanoma therapy. Biomaterials 2021; 269:120604. [PMID: 33383300 PMCID: PMC8601126 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-based immune checkpoint blockade therapy using the anti-PD-L1 antibody is effective for a subset of patients with advanced metastatic melanoma but about half of the patients do not respond to the therapy because of the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) induced by cytotoxins such as doxorubicin (DOX) allows damaged dying tumor cells to release immunostimulatory danger signals to activate dendritic cells (DCs) and T-cells; however, DOX also makes tumor cells upregulate PD-L1 expression and thus deactivate T-cells via the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Herein, we show that celastrol (CEL) induced not only strong ICD but also downregulation of PD-L1 expression of tumor cells. Thus, CEL was able to simultaneously activate DCs and T-cells and interrupt the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway between T-cells and tumor cells. In a bilateral tumor model, intratumorally (i.t.) injected celastrol nanoemulsion retaining a high tumor CEL concentration activated the immune system efficiently, which inhibited both the treated tumor and the distant untreated tumor in the mice (i.e., abscopal effect). Thus, this work demonstrates a new and much cost-effective immunotherapy strategy - chemotherapy-induced immunotherapy against melanoma without the need for expensive immune-checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasha Qiu
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Key Materials for Precision Medicine and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
| | - Qi Liu
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
| | - Yanzuo Chen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
| | - Limei Shen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
| | - Mengying Hu
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
| | - Youqing Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Key Materials for Precision Medicine and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Leaf Huang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States.
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24
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Participation of MicroRNAs in the Treatment of Cancer with Phytochemicals. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204701. [PMID: 33066509 PMCID: PMC7587345 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a global health concern and one of the main causes of disease-related death. Even with considerable progress in investigations on cancer therapy, effective anti-cancer agents and regimens have thus far been insufficient. There has been compelling evidence that natural phytochemicals and their derivatives have potent anti-cancer activities. Plant-based anti-cancer agents, such as etoposide, irinotecan, paclitaxel, and vincristine, are currently being applied in medical treatments for patients with cancer. Further, the efficacy of plenty of phytochemicals has been evaluated to discover a promising candidate for cancer therapy. For developing more effective cancer therapy, it is required to apprehend the molecular mechanism deployed by natural compounds. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been realized to play a pivotal role in regulating cellular signaling pathways, affecting the efficacy of therapeutic agents in cancer. This review presents a feature of phytochemicals with anti-cancer activity, focusing mainly on the relationship between phytochemicals and miRNAs, with insights into the role of miRNAs as the mediators and the regulators of anti-cancer effects of phytochemicals.
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25
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Li K, Hao K, Zhang Y, Xu A, Wang Q, Du Y, Wu L, Chen B, Zhang W, Wang Z. C21 Fraction Refined from Marsdenia tenacissima-Induced Apoptosis is Enhanced by Suppression of Autophagy in Human Gastric Cell Lines. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25156-25163. [PMID: 33043194 PMCID: PMC7542599 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
C21 steroidal glycosides have been extensively reported for treating several types of cancer and are widely found in Marsdenia tenacissima. In this study, a C21 fraction was synthesized from M. tenacissima, and its anti-cancer potency was assessed against in vitro gastric cell lines BGC-823, SGC-7901, and AGS. Significant growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest were observed in C21 fraction-treated gastric cancer cells. The results of apoptotic staining techniques in C21 fraction-treated gastric cells were confirmed with excess reactive oxygen species generation. Moreover, SOD and H2O2 levels were increased by C21 fraction, especially when combined with chloroquine (CQ). The apoptotic inducing potential of C21 fraction was also evidenced by upregulation of proapoptotic proteins cleaved-PARP and BAX and downregulation of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and p-AKT by western blot, especially in the presence of the autophagy inhibitor CQ. The results showed that the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells caused by C21 fraction was enhanced by inhibiting autophagy. The current findings reveal a new mechanism for the antitumor activity of C21 fraction on gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiang Li
- Research
Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s
Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou
Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Ke Hao
- Research
Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s
Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou
Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Research
Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s
Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou
Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Aibo Xu
- Research
Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s
Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou
Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qianni Wang
- School
of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yaoqiang Du
- Research
Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s
Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou
Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- School
of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Bingyu Chen
- Research
Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s
Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou
Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research
Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s
Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou
Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School
of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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26
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Zhao Q, Peng C, Zheng C, He XH, Huang W, Han B. Recent Advances in Characterizing Natural Products that Regulate Autophagy. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:2177-2196. [PMID: 31749434 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191015104458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, an intricate response to nutrient deprivation, pathogen infection, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)-stress and drugs, is crucial for the homeostatic maintenance in living cells. This highly regulated, multistep process has been involved in several diseases including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, especially in cancer. It can function as either a promoter or a suppressor in cancer, which underlines the potential utility as a therapeutic target. In recent years, increasing evidence has suggested that many natural products could modulate autophagy through diverse signaling pathways, either inducing or inhibiting. In this review, we briefly introduce autophagy and systematically describe several classes of natural products that implicated autophagy modulation. These compounds are of great interest for their potential activity against many types of cancer, such as ovarian, breast, cervical, pancreatic, and so on, hoping to provide valuable information for the development of cancer treatments based on autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiang-Hong He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China.,The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, United States
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27
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Kim DH, Lee HW, Park HW, Lee HW, Chun KH. Bee venom inhibits the proliferation and migration of cervical-cancer cells in an HPV E6/E7-dependent manner. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 32317085 PMCID: PMC7473477 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.8.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Lee
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Han-Woong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Chun
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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28
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Hou W, Liu B, Xu H. Celastrol: Progresses in structure-modifications, structure-activity relationships, pharmacology and toxicology. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 189:112081. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Lin S, Wang H, Yang W, Wang A, Geng C. Silencing of Long Non-Coding RNA Colon Cancer-Associated Transcript 2 Inhibits the Growth and Metastasis of Gastric Cancer Through Blocking mTOR Signaling. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:337-349. [PMID: 32021279 PMCID: PMC6968811 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s220302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the specific role of colon cancer-associated transcript 2 (CCAT2) on gastric cancer (GC), and reveal the potential regulatory mechanism relating to mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Methods The expression of CCAT2 was detected in GC tissues and cells by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and its relation with the pathologic characteristics of GC patients was analyzed. HGC-27 and SGC-7901 cells were transfected with siRNA-CCAT2 to silence CCAT2, and HGC-27 cells were then treated with an mTOR agonist Leucine (Leu) to activate mTOR signaling. The cell proliferation was evaluated by cell viability and colony formation. The cell cycle and apoptosis, and the migration and invasion abilities were detected by Flow cytometry, and Transwell assay, respectively. The expression of PCNA (proliferation marker), Snail, N-cadherin, E-cadherin (invasion markers), P53, Caspase-8, Bcl-2 (apoptosis markers), LC3-II/LC3-I, ATG3, p62 (autophagy makers), phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR), p-AKT, and p-p70S6K (mTOR signaling markers) were detected by Western blot. Results CCAT2 was upregulated in GC tissues and cells, and positively associated with the maximum tumor diameter, lymphatic metastasis, TNM staging, and low overall survival rate (P < 0.05). siRNA-CCAT2 transfection significantly inhibited the viability, colony formation, and migration and invasion abilities, blocked the cell cycle in G0/G1 phase, and promoted the apoptosis and autophagy of SGC-7901 and HGC-27 cells (P < 0.05). In addition, siRNA-CCAT2 transfection significantly upregulated P53, Caspase-8, LC3-II/LC3-I and ATG3, and downregulated PCNA, Bcl-2, p62, p-mTOR, p-AKT and p-p70S6K in SGC-7901 and HGC-27 cells (P < 0.05). siRNA-CCAT2 reversed the tumor-promoting effect of mTOR signaling activation on HGC-27 cells (P < 0.05). Conclusion Silencing of CCAT2 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted the apoptosis and autophagy of GC cells through blocking mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan City, Shangdong 250033, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan City, Shangdong 250033, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Department of Nursing, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan City, Shangdong 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiguang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan City, Shangdong 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Geng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shouguang People's Hospital, Shouguang City, Shangdong 262799, People's Republic of China
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30
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Celastrol Induces Necroptosis and Ameliorates Inflammation via Targeting Biglycan in Human Gastric Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225716. [PMID: 31739592 PMCID: PMC6888087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Celastrol, a triterpene isolated from the root of traditional Chinese medicine Thunder of God Vine, possesses anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity to treat rheumatoid disease or as health product. Necroptosis is considered as a new approach to overcome chemotherapeutics resistance. However, whether celastrol exerts necroptosis leading to gastric cancer cell death is still unclear. Here, for the first time we showed that celastrol induced necroptosis in HGC27 and AGS gastric cancer cell lines. More importantly, celastrol down-regulated biglycan (BGN) protein, which is critical for gastric cancer migration and invasion. Furthermore, celastrol activated receptor-interacting protein 1 and 3 (RIP1 and RIP3) and subsequently promoted the translation of mixed-lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) from cytoplasm to plasma membrane, leading to necroptosis of gastric cancer cell, which was blocked by over-expression BGN. In addition, celastrol suppressed the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-8 in HGC27 and AGS cells, which was reversed by over-expression BGN. Taken together, we identified celastrol as a necroptosis inducer, activated RIP1/RIP3/MLKL pathway and suppressed the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines by down-regulating BGN in HGC-27 and AGS cells, which supported the feasibility of celastrol in gastric cancer therapy.
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31
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Lee HE, Lee JY, Yang G, Kang HC, Cho YY, Lee HS, Lee JY. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome in tumor microenvironment leads to suppression of metastatic potential of cancer cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12277. [PMID: 31439870 PMCID: PMC6706417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48794-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment favors tumor cells to promote their growth and metastasis such as migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. IL-1β, one of the inflammatory cytokines released from myeloid cells in tumor microenvironment, plays an important role in development and progress of tumor. The activation of inflammasome is a critical step to secrete mature IL-1β through stepwise reactions to activate capspase-1. Therefore, we investigated whether the inhibition of NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in macrophages regulated the metastatic potential of tumor cells. NLRP3 inflammasome was activated by ATP in bone marrow-derived primary mouse macrophages. The metastatic potential of mouse melanoma cell line (B16F10) was determined by migration and invasion assays with transwell system. ATP-treated wild-type macrophages increased the migration and invasion of melanoma cells. However, NLRP3- or caspase-1-knockout macrophages exhibited greatly diminished ability to promote the migration and invasion of melanoma cells. In addition, treatment with celastrol, an inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome, reduced the potency of macrophages to stimulate migration and invasion of melanoma cells. The results demonstrate that inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages by genetic deficiency or a pharmacological inhibitor is linked to suppression of the metastatic potential of tumor cells. The results would provide a novel anti-cancer strategy to modulate tumor microenvironment by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome and consequently reducing IL-1β production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Eun Lee
- BK21 PLUS Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Lee
- BK21 PLUS Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Gabsik Yang
- BK21 PLUS Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Chang Kang
- BK21 PLUS Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Yeon Cho
- BK21 PLUS Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Suk Lee
- BK21 PLUS Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- BK21 PLUS Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Choi J, Yoon S, Kim D, Moon YW, Lee CH, Seo S, Cheon J, Gho YS, Kim C, Lee ER, Kim SY, Lee K, Ha JY, Park SR, Kim SW, Park KS, Lee DH. Transglutaminase 2 induces intrinsic EGFR-TKI resistance in NSCLC harboring EGFR sensitive mutations. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:1708-1721. [PMID: 31497352 PMCID: PMC6726998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR-sensitive mutations can be therapeutically treated by EGFR-TKI such as erlotinib and gefitinib. However, about 40% of individuals harboring EGFR-TKI sensitive mutations are still resistant to EGFR-TKI. And, it has been reported that both PTEN loss and NF-κB activation contribute to intrinsic EGFR-TKI resistance in EGFR-mutant lung cancer. Transglutaminse 2 (TG2) is post-translational modification enzyme and known to induce degradation of tumor suppressors including PTEN and IκBα with peptide cross-linking activity. Because TG2 was known as a regulator of PTEN and IκBα (NF-κB inhibitor) level in cytosol, we have explored if TG2 can be another key regulator to the intrinsic resistance of EGFR-TKI in the intrinsic EGFR-TKI resistant NSCLC cell. We first found that higher TG2 expression level and lower PTEN and IκBα expression levels in the intrinsic EGFR-TKI resistant NSCLC compare with EGFR-TKI sensitive NSCLC. TG2 stably expressing EGFR-TKI sensitive NSCLC cells harboring EGFR mutations showed reduction of both PTEN and IκBα and exhibited EGFR-TKI resistance. In reverse, When TG2 is downregulated by TG2 inhibitor in H1650, intrinsic EGFR-TKI resistant NSCLC cell harboring EGFR sensitive mutation, reversed EGFR-TKI resistance via IκBα restoration. Moreover, combination treatment of TG2 inhibitor and EGFR-TKI decreased the tumor growth in mouse xenograft models of EGFR mutant NSCLCs. Therefore, we have demonstrated that TG2 elicits the intrinsic EGFR-TKI resistance via PTEN loss and activation of NF-κB pathway. These results suggest that TG2 may be a useful predictive marker and also be a target for overcoming the resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyoung Choi
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of UlsanSeoul 05505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of UlsanSeoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinkyo Yoon
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of UlsanSeoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Deokhoon Kim
- Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical CenterSeoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Wha Moon
- Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA UniversitySeongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyoung Seo
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of UlsanSeoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyung Cheon
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine877 Bangeojinsunhwan-doro, Dong-gu, Ulsan 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Song Gho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Kim
- Bioinformatics Institute, Macrogen Inc.Seoul 08511, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung Ryoung Lee
- Bioinformatics Institute, Macrogen Inc.Seoul 08511, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Youl Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer CenterGoyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungmin Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of UlsanSeoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Ha
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of UlsanSeoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook Ryun Park
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of UlsanSeoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-We Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of UlsanSeoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Seo Park
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of UlsanSeoul 05505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of UlsanSeoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Ho Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of UlsanSeoul 05505, Republic of Korea
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Celastrol improves the therapeutic efficacy of EGFR-TKIs for non-small-cell lung cancer by overcoming EGFR T790M drug resistance. Anticancer Drugs 2019; 29:748-755. [PMID: 29927769 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of resistance to therapy continues to be a serious clinical problem in lung cancer management. Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) is one of the most common chemotherapy drugs to treat non-small-cell lung cancer. However, almost all treatments fail after ∼1 year of treatment because of drug tolerance, probably occurring from the threonine 790 mutation (T790M) of the EGFR, resulting in overactivation of the EGFR. Celastrol is a natural compound that exhibits antiproliferative activity. In this study, we showed that celastrol combined with EGFR-TKIs significantly suppressed cell invasion of lung cancer cells with a T790M mutation by suppressing the EGFR pathway. Combined therapy with celastrol and EGFR-TKIs inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Together, these results suggested that combined therapy with EGFR-TKIs and celastrol may be a more effective treatment of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer with T790M mutations of the EGFR.
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Li HH, Song XX, Liu B, Yang WP. UNBS5162 as a novel naphthalimide holds efficacy in human gastric carcinoma cell behaviors mediated by AKT/ERK signaling pathway. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:1306-1312. [PMID: 30995142 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1607870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Studies have determined that UNBS5162, recognized as a new naphthalimide, holds inhibitory effects in prostate and breast tumors; however, its functional implication on gastric carcinoma is currently undetermined. Based on this, this study designed to assess the functional role of it on human gastric carcinoma and underlying mechanism of action. Methods: Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry were used to assess capabilities of SGC-7901 cell proliferation, invasion/migration, and apoptosis, respectively. Moreover, western blot was performed to determine the relative expression of protein related to autophagy and protein kinase B (AKT)/extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signaling pathway. Results: We found SGC-7901 cells proliferation, invasion, and migration were significantly inhibited after treatment of UNBS5162. Moreover, the expression levels of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 decreased while the expression of pro-apoptotic protein active caspase 3 and Bax increased concurrently after UNBS5162 stimulation. Further, upregulated LC3 II/I and Beclin-1 and downregulated P62 were induced by UNBS5162 addition. Mechanically, the ratios of phosphorylated-(p-)AKT/AKT, p-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/mTOR, and p-ERK/ERK were hampered by UNBS5162 application. Conclusion: UNBS5162 could restrain gastric carcinoma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, which maybe induced by enhancement of apoptosis, autophagy manipulated through AKT/ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hai Li
- a Department of General Surgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University , Mudanjiang , China
| | - Xian-Xu Song
- a Department of General Surgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University , Mudanjiang , China
| | - Bo Liu
- a Department of General Surgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University , Mudanjiang , China
| | - Wen-Ping Yang
- b Department of Medical Records Management , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University , Mudanjiang , China
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Allen SD, Liu YG, Kim T, Bobbala S, Yi S, Zhang X, Choi J, Scott EA. Celastrol-loaded PEG-b-PPS nanocarriers as an anti-inflammatory treatment for atherosclerosis. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:657-668. [PMID: 30601470 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01224e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the hydrophobic small molecule NF-κB inhibitor celastrol was loaded into poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(propylene sulfide) (PEG-b-PPS) micelles. PEG-b-PPS micelles demonstrated high loading efficiency, low polydispersity, and no morphological changes upon loading with celastrol. Encapsulation of celastrol within these nanocarriers significantly reduced cytotoxicity compared to free celastrol, while simultaneously expanding the lower concentration range for effective inhibition of NF-κB signaling by nearly 50 000-fold. Furthermore, celastrol-loaded micelles successfully reduced TNF-α secretion after LPS stimulation of RAW 264.7 cells and reduced the number of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes within atherosclerotic plaques of ldlr-/- mice. This reduction in inflammatory cells was matched by a reduction in plaque area, suggesting that celastrol-loaded nanocarriers may serve as an anti-inflammatory treatment for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D Allen
- Interdepartmental Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60628, USA
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Hsieh MJ, Wang CW, Lin JT, Chuang YC, Hsi YT, Lo YS, Lin CC, Chen MK. Celastrol, a plant-derived triterpene, induces cisplatin-resistance nasopharyngeal carcinoma cancer cell apoptosis though ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 58:152805. [PMID: 31022663 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs has become a major problem in the management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). To overcome this issue, use of natural plant products as chemosensitizers is gaining importance at a fast pace. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The present study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect and mode of action of a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, celastrol, on cisplatin-resistant NPC cells. RESULTS Study results revealed that celastrol treatment significantly reduced the viability of NPC cells in dose and time dependent manners, as compared to untreated control cells. The cytotoxic effect of celastrol was mediated by cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and induction of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. With further analysis, we observed that celastrol-induced activation of caspases was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of MAPK pathway proteins, p38, ERK1/2. CONCLUSION Taken together, our observation provides a novel insight on use of a natural plant product, celastrol, in the management of chemoresistant NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Holistic Wellness, Mingdao University, Changhua 52345, Taiwan.
| | - Che-Wei Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Tsun Lin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Chuang
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Hsi
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Lo
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chieh Lin
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
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Yao S, Han L, Tian Z, Yu Y, Zhang Q, Li X, Mao T, Yang L. Celastrol inhibits growth and metastasis of human gastric cancer cell MKN45 by down‐regulating microRNA‐21. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1706-1716. [PMID: 30989726 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan‐Shan Yao
- Clinical Skill Training CenterThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of NutritionThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Zi‐Bin Tian
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Ya‐Nan Yu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Xiao‐Yu Li
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Tao Mao
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
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Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Wang D, Xu J, Li Y, Wang H, Li J, Mo S, Zhang Y, Lin Y, Fan X, Li E, Huang J, Fan H, Yi Y. Multidimensional Integration Analysis of Autophagy-related Modules in Colorectal Cancer. LETT ORG CHEM 2019; 16:340-346. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178615666180914113224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract occurring in the colon, which mainly divided into adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma. However, autophagy is related to the occurrence and development of various kinds of human diseases such as cancer. There is little research on the relationship between CRC and autophagy. Hence, we performed multidimensional integration analysis to systematically explore potential relationship between autophagy and CRC. Based on gene expression datasets of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) and protein-protein interactions (PPIs), we first identified 12 autophagy-related modules in COAD using WGCNA. Then, 9 module pairs which with significantly crosstalk were deciphered, a total of 6 functional modules. Autophagy-related genes in these modules were closely related with CRC, emphasizing that the important role of autophagy-related genes in CRC, including PPP2CA and EIF4E, etc. In addition to, by integrating transcription factor (TF)-target and RNA-associated interactions, a regulation network was constructed, in which 42 TFs (including SMAD3 and TP53, etc.) and 20 miRNAs (including miR-20 and miR-30a, etc.) were identified as pivot regulators. Pivot TFs were mainly involved in cell cycle, cell proliferation and pathways in cancer. And pivot miRNAs were demonstrated associated with CRC. It suggests that these pivot regulators might be have an effect on the development of CRC by regulating autophagy. In a word, our results suggested that multidimensional integration strategy provides a novel approach to discover potential relationships between autophagy and CRC, and further improves our understanding of autophagy and tumor in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Nanjing Audit University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Jianzhen Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jin Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shaowen Mo
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuncong Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunqing Lin
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuzhao Fan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Enmin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Huihui Fan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Yi
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Ni H, Han Y, Jin X. Celastrol inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation by downregulating miR-21 and PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:808-816. [PMID: 31933888 PMCID: PMC6945181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Celastrol is a traditional Chinese medicine, that is derived from Tripterygium wilfordii. It has been proposed to offer anti-tumor potential. MicroRNAs also play important roles in tumorigenesis. However, the anti-tumor mechanism of Celastrol and whether miRNAs are involved in the process are still unknown. In the present study, MTT assay was used to test the IC50 of Celastrol and cell viability. PCNA, PI3K, Akt, GSK3β, phosphorylated Akt and GSK3β were measured by western blotting. Flow cytometry was introduced to detect the apoptosis. We found Celastrol inhibited colon cancer cell viability in a dose-dependent manner companied with PCNA downregulation. Apoptosis was induced by Celastrol. After Celastrol treatment, BCL-2 expression decreased while BAX increased and the Caspase-3 activity was induced. Simultaneously, miR-21 expression was reduced in Celastrol-treated colon cancer cells. miR-21 mimic overexpression could enhance the cell viability, inhibit the apoptosis, decrease BCL-2 expression, increase BAX and induce Caspase-3 activity to some extent which were reversed by Celastrol. In addition, the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway was activated by miR-21 mimic but partially arrested by extra-adding Celastrol. Thus, Celastrol may inhibit colon cancer cell proliferation by negatively regulating miR-21 and the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoliang Ni
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University (Jinhua Central Hospital) 351 Mingyue Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Yuejun Han
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University (Jinhua Central Hospital) 351 Mingyue Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Xihan Jin
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University (Jinhua Central Hospital) 351 Mingyue Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua 321000, China
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40
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Lin FZ, Wang SC, Hsi YT, Lo YS, Lin CC, Chuang YC, Lin SH, Hsieh MJ, Chen MK. Celastrol induces vincristine multidrug resistance oral cancer cell apoptosis by targeting JNK1/2 signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 54:1-8. [PMID: 30668359 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancers are one of the most aggressive malignancies, with high mortality rates globally. Patients with these cancers are treated using combination therapies including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE Traditional Chinese medicines and other herbal medicines have been used to treat various diseases in Asia. Celastrol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Trypterygium wilfordii, which has therapeutic potential in multiple diseases. The present study was to determine the effect of celastrol on vincristine-resistant cancer cell line and to illuminate the mechanism of celastrol-induced cell apoptosis. STUDY DESIGN Celastrol was added to vincristine-resistant cancer cell and immunoreactive proteins were detected. METHODS AND RESULTS Our study demonstrated that celastrol leads to apoptosis of head and neck cancer cells through mitochondria- and Fas-mediated pathways. However, whether this herbal medicine exhibits beneficial effects on vincristine-resistant oral cancer patients remains uncertain. Therefore, our study examined the apoptotic effect exerted by celastrol and the mechanism by this drug acts on a vincristine-resistant cancer cell line. The present study demonstrated that celastrol triggered apoptotic cell death by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase via the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways (increased cleaved caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and PARP). Increased expression of tBid also indicated the presence of crosstalk between the two pathways. Celastrol mediated cell apoptosis through the downregulation of the expression of Bcl-2, not Bcl-xL. Moreover, JNK1/2 signaling was the main pathway of celastrol-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION Celastrol could become a useful agent for treating oral cancers with MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Zhen Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chung Wang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Changhua Christian Children's Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Hsi
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Lo
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chieh Lin
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Chuang
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Lin
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center for General Education, Mingdao University, Changhua 52345, Taiwan.
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
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Lee YJ, Kim SY, Lee C. Axl is a novel target of celastrol that inhibits cell proliferation and migration, and increases the cytotoxicity of gefitinib in EGFR mutant non‑small cell lung cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3230-3236. [PMID: 30816529 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR‑TKI) is an excellent therapeutic agent to treat EGFR mutation‑positive non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the initial response decreases as chemoresistance develops. In the present study, gefitinib‑resistant EGFR mutant NSCLC PC‑9/GR cells were established to examine the characteristics and mechanisms associated with chemoresistance. Axl expression in PC‑9/GR cells was transcriptionally upregulated, since Axl protein and mRNA expression levels were identified to be increased according to western blot analysis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results. The inhibitory effect of celastrol on Axl protein expression level, cell viability and clonogenicity were identified in parental and gefitinib‑resistant PC‑9 cells. In addition, treatment of PC‑9/GR cells with celastrol and gefitinib in combination was demonstrated to synergistically suppress Axl protein expression level, cell proliferation and migration. Taken together, upregulation of Axl expression seems to be associated with chemoresistance of PC‑9/GR cells. Furthermore, celastrol targets Axl to exert its anticancer effects in order to increase the susceptibility of PC‑9/GR cells to gefitinib and overcome chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Ju Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Chuhee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
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Deng S, Shanmugam MK, Kumar AP, Yap CT, Sethi G, Bishayee A. Targeting autophagy using natural compounds for cancer prevention and therapy. Cancer 2019; 125:1228-1246. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Deng
- Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Muthu K. Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore
- Cancer Program, Medical Science Cluster Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute National University Health System Singapore
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences Curtin University Perth West Australia Australia
| | - Celestial T. Yap
- Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute National University Health System Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
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Wang Q, Yu X, Li F, Lv X, Fu X, Gu H, Liu H, Liu J, Dai M, Zhang B. Efficacy of celastrol combined with cisplatin in enhancing the apoptosis of U-2OS osteosarcoma cells via the mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum pathways of apoptosis. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:3305-3313. [PMID: 30867764 PMCID: PMC6396172 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a common primary malignant tumor of bone, and the poor prognosis and low 5-year survival rate have not improved for three decades. The present study aimed to study the effect a combination of celastrol and cisplatin on the human osteosarcoma cell line U-2OS, and to investigate the mechanism by which celastrol/cisplatin induces the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. MTT and Annexin V-FITC/PI assays were used to evaluate the effects of combined celastrol/cisplatin on growth and apoptosis, respectively, in U-2OS cells. Morphological changes accompanying cell growth inhibition were observed using a fluorescence microscope. Combination index (CI) analysis was used to evaluate the combinatorial effects of celastrol/cisplatin treatment. Western blotting was used to quantify the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins. It was identified that celastrol/cisplatin inhibited the growth of U-2OS cells in a dose-dependent manner. CI analysis revealed that combined celastrol/cisplatin demonstrated a synergistic effect in U-2OS cells, with CIs ranging from 0.80 to 0.97 at effect levels from IC10 to IC70. In addition, it was observed that celastrol/cisplatin upregulated the expression of Bcl-associated X protein, cytochrome c, caspase-3 and C/EBP homologous protein, and downregulated the expression of Bcl-2, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein and caspase-9, whereas the expression of caspase-8 remained unchanged. To conclude, celastrol/cisplatin induced apoptosis in U-2OS cells via the mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum pathways, particularly in the former. Celastrol/cisplatin therefore exhibits potential as a novel therapeutic combination for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Longyan First Hospital, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian 364000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxing Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Houyun Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Hucheng Liu
- Multidisciplinary Therapy Center of Musculoskeletal Tumors, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Artificial Joint Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Nazim UM, Yin H, Park SY. Autophagy flux inhibition mediated by celastrol sensitized lung cancer cells to TRAIL‑induced apoptosis via regulation of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and reactive oxygen species. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:984-993. [PMID: 30569150 PMCID: PMC6323218 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is well known as a transmembrane cytokine and has been proposed as one of the most effective anti-cancer therapeutic agents, owing to its efficiency to selectively induce cell death in a variety of tumor cells. Suppression of autophagy flux has been increasingly acknowledged as an effective and novel therapeutic intervention for cancer. The present study demonstrated that the anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory drug celastrol, through its anti-metastatic properties, may initiate TRAIL-mediated apoptotic cell death in lung cancer cells. This sensitization was negatively affected by N-acetyl-l-cysteine, which restored the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Notably, treatment with celastrol caused an increase in microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B-II and p62 levels, whereas co-treatment of celastrol and TRAIL increased active caspase 3 and 8 levels compared with the control, confirming inhibited autophagy flux. The combined use of TRAIL with celastrol may serve as a safe and adequate therapeutic technique for the treatment of TRAIL-resistant lung cancer, suggesting that celastrol-mediated autophagy flux inhibition sensitized TRAIL-initiated apoptosis via regulation of ROS and ΔΨm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddin Md Nazim
- Department of Biochemistry, Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Honghua Yin
- Department of Biochemistry, Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Youel Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
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45
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Zhang F, Hu X, Gu Y, Bian H, Xu Z, Wang Q, Chen J, Lu Y, Sun L, Zheng Q, Gu J. URI knockdown induces autophagic flux in gastric cancer cells. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:2140-2149. [PMID: 30416863 PMCID: PMC6220146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
URI, a member of the prefoldin family of molecular chaperones, functions in the regulation of nutrient-sensitive, mTOR-dependent transcription signaling pathways. Previous studies of several tumor types demonstrated that URI exhibits characteristics similar to those of an oncoprotein. URI has been shown as a mitochondrial substrate of S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), which acts to integrate nutrient and growth factor signals to promote cell growth and survival. Notably, the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway constitutes major negative regulatory mechanism of autophagy. However, the role of URI in autophagy has not been explored. Here, we investigated the involvement of URI in autophagy by manipulating its expression in MGC-803 and HGC-27 cells using siRNA and transfection approaches. GFP-LC3 punctum aggregation was assessed by confocal microscopy, whereas formation of autophagic vesicles was assessed using transmission electron microscopy. NH4Cl was used to inhibit autophagosome-lysosome fusion and to monitor autophagic flux. Expression of LC3-I, LC3-II, beclin1, total and phosphorylated mTOR, and p70S6k was assessed by Western blotting. The results showed that knockdown of URI induced significant autophagic flux in gastric cancer cells. URI regulates the expression of beclin1, which is essential for initiation of conventional autophagy. Levels of p-mTOR (Ser2448) and p-p70S6K (Thr389) increased in URI-overexpressing cells treated with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin but decreased in URI-silenced cells. The inhibitory effect of URI silencing on mTOR and p70S6K phosphorylation was antagonized by the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. These results suggest that URI knockdown-induced autophagy is associated with the mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway, indicating the potential existence of a novel autophagy regulatory mechanism mediated by URI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxia Hu
- Department of Hematology and Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong Gongli HospitalShanghai 200135, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Department of Hematology and Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiqin Bian
- Department of Hematology and Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhonghai Xu
- Department of Hematology and Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Hematology and Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinnan Chen
- Department of Hematology and Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaojuan Lu
- Department of Hematology and Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
- Shenzhen Academy of Peptide Targeting Technology at PingshanShenzhen 518118, China
| | - Lichuan Sun
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane Health Sciences CenterNew Orleans, LA 70112-2699, USA
- Shenzhen Academy of Peptide Targeting Technology at PingshanShenzhen 518118, China
| | - Qiping Zheng
- Department of Hematology and Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
- Shenzhen Academy of Peptide Targeting Technology at PingshanShenzhen 518118, China
| | - Junxia Gu
- Department of Hematology and Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
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Chang MY, Hsieh CY, Lin CY, Chen TD, Yang HY, Chen KH, Hsu HH, Tian YC, Chen YC, Hung CC, Yang CW. Effect of celastrol on the progression of polycystic kidney disease in a Pkd1-deficient mouse model. Life Sci 2018; 212:70-79. [PMID: 30268856 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Celastrol, a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpene, has attracted considerable interest because it exhibits potent anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. However, the effects of celastrol in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) remain uninvestigated. MAIN METHODS We determined the effects of celastrol on ADPKD progression in a novel Pkd1-hypomorphic mouse model by intraperitoneal injection (postnatal day 35-63). KEY FINDINGS Pkd1 miRNA transgenic (Pkd1 miR TG) mice treated with 1 mg/kg/day of celastrol exhibited a lower renal cystic index (by 21.5%) than the vehicle-treated controls, but the fractional kidney weights and blood urea nitrogen levels were not significantly affected with celastrol treatment. At a high dose (2 mg/kg/day), celastrol caused marginal weight loss in the treated mice and had no significant effect on renal cystogenesis, thus indicating a potential toxic effect. We further identified that celastrol increased the phosphorylation level of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the cystic kidneys. Moreover, celastrol reduced the renal mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, P2RX7, F4/80, CD68, transforming growth factor-β, collagen-1, and fibronectin, which were high in the Pkd1 miR TG mice. Immunohistological analysis revealed that celastrol suppressed macrophage infiltration in the cystic kidneys; however, the renal fibrosis scores and proliferation indices remained high. SIGNIFICANCE These results indicate that celastrol could be a potent anti-inflammatory agent and a natural AMPK enhancer. However, celastrol has only modest effects on renal cystogenesis and has a narrow therapeutic window. Further studies are needed to clarify whether celastrol has the potential for the treatment of ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Chang
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Yih Hsieh
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Yu Lin
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Di Chen
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Yu Yang
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hsing Chen
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Hao Hsu
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chung Tian
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chang Chen
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Hung
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Yang
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Kashyap D, Sharma A, Tuli HS, Sak K, Mukherjee T, Bishayee A. Molecular targets of celastrol in cancer: Recent trends and advancements. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 128:70-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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48
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Zhao HG, Zhou SL, Lin YY, Wang H, Dai HF, Huang FY. Autophagy plays a protective role against apoptosis induced by toxicarioside N via the Akt/mTOR pathway in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. Arch Pharm Res 2018; 41:986-994. [PMID: 29992400 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-018-1049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toxicarioside N (Tox N), a natural product extract from Antiaris toxicaria, has been reported to induce apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells. However, the mechanism and actual role of autophagy in Tox N-induced apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells remains poorly understood. In the current study, we demonstrated that Tox N could induce autophagy by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in SGC-7901 cells. Moreover, we found that the inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine, an autophagy inhibitor, enhanced Tox N-induced apoptotic cell death. However, the stimulation of autophagy by rapamycin, an autophagy activator, remarkably suppressed Tox N-induced apoptosis, suggesting that autophagy plays a protective role in Tox N-induced apoptosis. Thus, the results from this study suggested that Tox N combination with an autophagy inhibitor might be a promising strategy to enhance the anticancer activity of Tox N for the treatment of human gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Ge Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, China.,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Song-Lin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, China.,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Ying-Ying Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, China.,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, China.,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Hao-Fu Dai
- Institutes of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571199, China.
| | - Feng-Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, China. .,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, China.
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Abstract
Celastrol is a highly investigated anticancer moiety. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid, isolated several decades ago with promising role in chemoprevention. Celastrol has been found to target multiple proinflammatory, angiogenic and metastatic proteins. Inhibition of these targets results in significant reduction of cancer growth, survival and metastasis. This review summarizes the varied molecular targets of celastrol along with insight into the various recently published clinical, preclinical and industrial patents (2011-2017).
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50
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Li H, Fan Y, Yang F, Zhao L, Cao B. The coordinated effects of Apatinib and Tripterine on the proliferation, invasiveness and apoptosis of human hepatoma Hep3B cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:353-361. [PMID: 29928421 PMCID: PMC6006384 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a novel vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Apatinib has exhibited antitumor effects in a variety of solid tumors. Extracts of Chinese herbal medicines have emerged as a promising alternative option to increase the sensitivity of patients to chemotherapeutics while alleviating side effects. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Apatinib and the traditional Chinese herb Tripterine on the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of human hepatoma Hep3B cells. The expression of VEGFR-2 in Hep3B cells was detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. Hep3B cells were then divided into four different groups: Control group, Apatinib group, Tripterine group and Apatinib plus Tripterine group. The proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of these four groups of Hep3B cells were assessed by MTS, wound healing and Transwell assays, and flow cytometry, respectively. Finally, the levels of the proliferation-associated proteins phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) and the apoptosis-associated proteins cleaved Caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma-associated X protein (Bax) were detected by western blotting. The proliferation, migration and invasion of Hep3B cells were significantly inhibited by Apatinib and Tripterine, compared with the control group (P<0.01). The inhibitory effect of the combination group was markedly stronger than that of the Apatinib and Tripterine groups. The downregulation of p-Akt and p-ERK induced by Apatinib and Tripterine was further inhibited in the combination group (P<0.05), and the expression levels of Caspase-3 and Bax were also significantly increased in the combination group (P<0.05). The combination of Apatinib and Tripterine significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion ability and promoted the apoptosis of Hep3B cells by downregulating the expression of p-Akt and p-ERK, and upregulating the expression of Caspase-3 and Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Li
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Yichang Fan
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Bangwei Cao
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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