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Williams H, Simmonds S, Bond A, Somos A, Li Z, Forbes T, Bianco R, Dugdale C, Brown Z, Rice H, Herman A, Johnson J, George S. CCN4 (WISP-1) reduces apoptosis and atherosclerotic plaque burden in an ApoE mouse model. Atherosclerosis 2024; 397:118570. [PMID: 39276419 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.118570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS CCN4/WISP-1 regulates various cell behaviours that contribute to atherosclerosis progression, including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation and survival. We therefore hypothesised that CCN4 regulates the development and progression of atherosclerotic plaques. METHODS We used a high fat fed ApoE-/- mouse model to study atherosclerotic plaque progression in the brachiocephalic artery and aortic root. In protocol 1, male ApoE-/- mice with established plaques were given a CCN4 helper-dependent adenovirus to see the effect of treatment with CCN4, while in protocol 2 male CCN4-/-ApoE-/- were compared to CCN4+/+ApoE-/- mice to assess the effect of CCN4 deletion on plaque progression. RESULTS CCN4 overexpression resulted in reduced occlusion of the brachiocephalic artery with less apoptosis, fewer macrophages, and attenuated lipid core size. The amount of plaque found on the aortic root was also reduced. CCN4 deficiency resulted in increased apoptosis and occlusion of the brachiocephalic artery as well as increased plaque in the aortic root. Additionally, in vitro cells from CCN4-/-ApoE-/- mice had higher apoptotic levels. CCN4 deficiency did not significantly affect blood cholesterol levels or circulating myeloid cell populations. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that in an atherosclerosis model the most important action of CCN4 is the effect on cell apoptosis. CCN4 provides pro-survival signals and leads to reduced cell death, lower macrophage number, smaller lipid core size and reduced atherosclerotic plaque burden. As such, the pro-survival effect of CCN4 is worthy of further investigation, in a bid to find a therapeutic for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Williams
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK.
| | | | - Andrew Bond
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Alexandros Somos
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Ze Li
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Tessa Forbes
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Rosaria Bianco
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Celyn Dugdale
- Flow Cytometry Facility, School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Zoe Brown
- Flow Cytometry Facility, School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Helen Rice
- Flow Cytometry Facility, School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew Herman
- Flow Cytometry Facility, School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Jason Johnson
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah George
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
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Gu J, Tong W, Wang X, Gu L, Wang W, Zang T, Lou M, Liu Y. Multi-omics Analysis Revealed that the CCN Family Regulates Cell Crosstalk, Extracellular Matrix, and Immune Escape, Leading to a Poor Prognosis of Glioma. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:2157-2170. [PMID: 38837011 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The CCN family is a group of matricellular proteins associated with the extracellular matrix. This study aims to explore the role of the CCN family in glioma development and its implications in the tumor microenvironment. Through analysis of bulk RNA-seq cohorts, correlations between CCN family expression and glioma subtypes, patient survival, and bioactive pathway enrichment were investigated. Additionally, single-cell datasets were employed to identify novel cell subgroups, followed by analyses of cell communication and transcription factors. Spatial transcriptomic analysis was utilized to validate the CCN family's involvement in glioma. Results indicate overexpression of CYR61,CTGF, and WISP1 in glioma, associated with unfavorable subtypes and reduced survival. Enrichment analyses revealed associations with oncogenic pathways, while CTGF and WISP1 expression correlated with increased infiltration of regulatory T cells and M2 macrophages. Single-cell analysis identified MES-like cells as the highest CCN expression. Moreover, intercellular signal transduction analysis demonstrated active pathways, including SPP1-CD44, in cell subgroups with elevated CYR61 and CTGF expression. Spatial transcriptomic analysis confirmed co-localization of CYR61,CTGF and SPP1-CD44 with high oncogenic pathway activity. These findings suggest that CCN family members may serve as potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Tong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianping Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Zang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiqing Lou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yaohua Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Gündel B, Liu X, Pfützenreuter A, Engelsberger V, Weiskirchen R, Löhr JM, Heuchel R. The Crosstalk Analysis between mPSCs and Panc1 Cells Identifies CCN1 as a Positive Regulator of Gemcitabine Sensitivity in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9369. [PMID: 39273316 PMCID: PMC11394772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly disease that is almost entirely resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy. A significant factor in this resistance appears to be the dense desmoplastic stroma, which contains various cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) populations. However, our understanding of the communication between tumor cells and CAFs that contributes to this aggressive malignancy is still developing. Recently, we used an advanced three-dimensional heterospecies, heterospheroid co-culture model to investigate the signaling between human pancreatic tumor Panc1 cells and mouse pancreatic stellate cells (mPSCs) through global expression profiling. Upon discovering that CCN1 was significantly upregulated in Panc1 cells during co-culture, we decided to explore the role of CCN1 using CRISPR-Cas9 knockout technology. Panc1 cells lacking CCN1 showed reduced differentiation and decreased sensitivity to gemcitabine, primarily due to lower expression of genes involved in gemcitabine transport and metabolism. Additionally, we observed that stimulation with TGF-β1 and lysophosphatidic acid increased CCN1 expression in Panc1 cells and induced a shift in mPSCs towards a more myofibroblastic CAF-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Gündel
- Pancreas Cancer Research Lab, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, SE 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- Pancreas Cancer Research Lab, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, SE 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anna Pfützenreuter
- Pancreas Cancer Research Lab, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, SE 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Veronika Engelsberger
- Pancreas Cancer Research Lab, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, SE 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - J-Matthias Löhr
- Pancreas Cancer Research Lab, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, SE 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rainer Heuchel
- Pancreas Cancer Research Lab, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, SE 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
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Habib S. Team players in the pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunctions-associated steatotic liver disease: The basis of development of pharmacotherapy. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2024; 15:93606. [PMID: 39220834 PMCID: PMC11362842 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v15.i4.93606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutrient metabolism is regulated by several factors. Social determinants of health with or without genetics are the primary regulator of metabolism, and an unhealthy lifestyle affects all modulators and mediators, leading to the adaptation and finally to the exhaustion of cellular functions. Hepatic steatosis is defined by presence of fat in more than 5% of hepatocytes. In hepatocytes, fat is stored as triglycerides in lipid droplet. Hepatic steatosis results from a combination of multiple intracellular processes. In a healthy individual nutrient metabolism is regulated at several steps. It ranges from the selection of nutrients in a grocery store to the last step of consumption of ATP as an energy or as a building block of a cell as structural component. Several hormones, peptides, and genes have been described that participate in nutrient metabolism. Several enzymes participate in each nutrient metabolism as described above from ingestion to generation of ATP. As of now several publications have revealed very intricate regulation of nutrient metabolism, where most of the regulatory factors are tied to each other bidirectionally, making it difficult to comprehend chronological sequence of events. Insulin hormone is the primary regulator of all nutrients' metabolism both in prandial and fasting states. Insulin exerts its effects directly and indirectly on enzymes involved in the three main cellular function processes; metabolic, inflammation and repair, and cell growth and regeneration. Final regulators that control the enzymatic functions through stimulation or suppression of a cell are nuclear receptors in especially farnesoid X receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor/RXR ligands, adiponectin, leptin, and adiponutrin. Insulin hormone has direct effect on these final modulators. Whereas blood glucose level, serum lipids, incretin hormones, bile acids in conjunction with microbiota are intermediary modulators which are controlled by lifestyle. The purpose of this review is to overview the key players in the pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) that help us understand the disease natural course, risk stratification, role of lifestyle and pharmacotherapy in each individual patient with MASLD to achieve personalized care and target the practice of precision medicine. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used to identify publication related to metabolism of carbohydrate and fat in states of health and disease states; MASLD, cardiovascular disease and cancer. More than 1000 publications including original research and review papers were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Habib
- Department of Hepatology, Liver Institute PLLC, Tucson, AZ 85712, United States
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5
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Kim H, Son S, Ko Y, Lim H, Lee J, Lee KM, Shin I. CYR61 confers chemoresistance by upregulating survivin expression in triple-negative breast cancer. Carcinogenesis 2024; 45:510-519. [PMID: 38446998 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) is a protein from the CCN family of matricellular proteins that play diverse regulatory roles in the extracellular matrix. CYR61 is involved in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and senescence. Here, we show that CYR61 induces chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We observed that CYR61 is overexpressed in TNBC patients, and CYR61 expression correlates negatively with the survival of patients who receive chemotherapy. CYR61 knockdown reduced cell migration, sphere formation and the cancer stem cell (CSC) population and increased the chemosensitivity of TNBC cells. Mechanistically, CYR61 activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling and increased survivin expression, which are associated with chemoresistance, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and CSC-like phenotypes. Altogether, our study demonstrates a novel function of CYR61 in chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungjoo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Seogho Son
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Yunhyo Ko
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Hogeun Lim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Joohyung Lee
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Lee
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Natural Science Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Incheol Shin
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Natural Science Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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Choi KM, Kim B, Lee SM, Han J, Bae HS, Han SB, Lee D, Ham IH, Hur H, Kim E, Kim JY. Characterization of gastric cancer-stimulated signaling pathways and function of CTGF in cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:8. [PMID: 38167009 PMCID: PMC10763493 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) that play an important role in cancer progression. Although the mechanism by which CAFs promote tumorigenesis has been well investigated, the underlying mechanism of CAFs activation by neighboring cancer cells remains elusive. In this study, we aim to investigate the signaling pathways involved in CAFs activation by gastric cancer cells (GC) and to provide insights into the therapeutic targeting of CAFs for overcoming GC. METHODS Alteration of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activity in CAFs was analyzed using phospho-RTK array. The expression of CAFs effector genes was determined by RT-qPCR or ELISA. The migration and invasion of GC cells co-cultured with CAFs were examined by transwell migration/invasion assay. RESULTS We found that conditioned media (CM) from GC cells could activate multiple receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways, including ERK, AKT, and STAT3. Phospho-RTK array analysis showed that CM from GC cells activated PDGFR tyrosine phosphorylation, but only AKT activation was PDGFR-dependent. Furthermore, we found that connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a member of the CCN family, was the most pronouncedly induced CAFs effector gene by GC cells. Knockdown of CTGF impaired the ability of CAFs to promote GC cell migration and invasion. Although the PDGFR-AKT pathway was pronouncedly activated in CAFs stimulated by GC cells, its pharmacological inhibition affected neither CTGF induction nor CAFs-induced GC cell migration. Unexpectedly, the knockdown of SRC and SRC-family kinase inhibitors, dasatinib and saracatinib, significantly impaired CTGF induction in activated CAFs and the migration of GC cells co-cultured with CAFs. SRC inhibitors restored the reduced expression of epithelial markers, E-cadherin and Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1), in GC cells co-cultured with CAFs, as well as CAFs-induced aggregate formation in a 3D tumor spheroid model. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a characterization of the signaling pathways and effector genes involved in CAFs activation, and strategies that could effectively inhibit it in the context of GC. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Min Choi
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Boram Kim
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Su-Min Lee
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jisoo Han
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ha-Song Bae
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Su-Bhin Han
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dagyeong Lee
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
- Inflamm-Aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
- AI-Super Convergence KIURI Translational Research Center, Suwon, South Korea
| | - In-Hye Ham
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
- Inflamm-Aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hoon Hur
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
- Inflamm-Aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Eunjung Kim
- Natural Product Informatics Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
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7
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Velázquez-Enríquez JM, Reyes-Avendaño I, Santos-Álvarez JC, Reyes-Jiménez E, Vásquez-Garzón VR, Baltiérrez-Hoyos R. Identification of Hub Genes in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Their Association with Lung Cancer by Bioinformatics Analysis. Adv Respir Med 2023; 91:407-431. [PMID: 37887075 PMCID: PMC10604190 DOI: 10.3390/arm91050032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible disease with a high mortality rate worldwide. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of IPF have not yet been fully described. Moreover, lung cancer is a significant complication of IPF and is associated with increased mortality. Nevertheless, identifying common genes involved in developing IPF and its progression to lung cancer remains an unmet need. The present study aimed to identify hub genes related to the development of IPF by meta-analysis. In addition, we analyzed their expression and their relationship with patients' progression in lung cancer. METHOD Microarray datasets GSE24206, GSE21369, GSE110147, GSE72073, and GSE32539 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Next, we conducted a series of bioinformatics analysis to explore possible hub genes in IPF and evaluated the expression of hub genes in lung cancer and their relationship with the progression of different stages of cancer. RESULTS A total of 1888 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 1105 upregulated and 783 downregulated genes. The 10 hub genes that exhibited a high degree of connectivity from the PPI network were identified. Analysis of the KEGG pathways showed that hub genes correlate with pathways such as the ECM-receptor interaction. Finally, we found that these hub genes are expressed in lung cancer and are associated with the progression of different stages of lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS Based on the integration of GEO microarray datasets, the present study identified DEGs and hub genes that could play an essential role in the pathogenesis of IPF and its association with the development of lung cancer in these patients, which could be considered potential diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Velázquez-Enríquez
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Sur, San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (J.M.V.-E.); (I.R.-A.); (J.C.S.-Á.); (E.R.-J.); (V.R.V.-G.)
| | - Itayetzi Reyes-Avendaño
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Sur, San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (J.M.V.-E.); (I.R.-A.); (J.C.S.-Á.); (E.R.-J.); (V.R.V.-G.)
| | - Jovito Cesar Santos-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Sur, San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (J.M.V.-E.); (I.R.-A.); (J.C.S.-Á.); (E.R.-J.); (V.R.V.-G.)
| | - Edilburga Reyes-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Sur, San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (J.M.V.-E.); (I.R.-A.); (J.C.S.-Á.); (E.R.-J.); (V.R.V.-G.)
| | - Verónica Rocío Vásquez-Garzón
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Sur, San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (J.M.V.-E.); (I.R.-A.); (J.C.S.-Á.); (E.R.-J.); (V.R.V.-G.)
- CONAHCYT-Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Sur, San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico
| | - Rafael Baltiérrez-Hoyos
- Laboratorio de Fibrosis y Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Sur, San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico; (J.M.V.-E.); (I.R.-A.); (J.C.S.-Á.); (E.R.-J.); (V.R.V.-G.)
- CONAHCYT-Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda de Aguilera S/N, Sur, San Felipe del Agua, Oaxaca 68020, Mexico
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Iyer SR, Nusser K, Jones K, Shinde P, Keddy C, Beach CZ, Aguero E, Force J, Shinde U, Davare MA. Discovery of oncogenic ROS1 missense mutations with sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e17367. [PMID: 37587872 PMCID: PMC10565643 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202217367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
ROS1 is the largest receptor tyrosine kinase in the human genome. Rearrangements of the ROS1 gene result in oncogenic ROS1 kinase fusion proteins that are currently the only validated biomarkers for targeted therapy with ROS1 TKIs in patients. While numerous somatic missense mutations in ROS1 exist in the cancer genome, their impact on catalytic activity and pathogenic potential is unknown. We interrogated the AACR Genie database and identified 34 missense mutations in the ROS1 tyrosine kinase domain for further analysis. Our experiments revealed that these mutations have varying effects on ROS1 kinase function, ranging from complete loss to significantly increased catalytic activity. Notably, Asn and Gly substitutions at Asp2113 in the ROS1 kinase domain were found to be TKI-sensitive oncogenic variants in cell-based model systems. In vivo experiments showed that ROS1 D2113N induced tumor formation that was sensitive to crizotinib and lorlatinib, FDA-approved ROS1-TKIs. Collectively, these findings highlight the tumorigenic potential of specific point mutations within the ROS1 kinase domain and their potential as therapeutic targets with FDA-approved ROS1-TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan R Iyer
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Papé Family Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health and Sciences UniversityORPortlandUSA
| | - Kevin Nusser
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Papé Family Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health and Sciences UniversityORPortlandUSA
| | - Kristen Jones
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Papé Family Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health and Sciences UniversityORPortlandUSA
| | - Pushkar Shinde
- Department of Chemical PhysiologyOregon Health and Sciences UniversityORPortlandUSA
| | - Clare Keddy
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Papé Family Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health and Sciences UniversityORPortlandUSA
| | - Catherine Z Beach
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Papé Family Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health and Sciences UniversityORPortlandUSA
| | - Erin Aguero
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Papé Family Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health and Sciences UniversityORPortlandUSA
| | - Jeremy Force
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer InstituteDuke UniversityNCDurhamUSA
| | - Ujwal Shinde
- Department of Chemical PhysiologyOregon Health and Sciences UniversityORPortlandUSA
| | - Monika A Davare
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Papé Family Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health and Sciences UniversityORPortlandUSA
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Balijepalli P, Meier KE. From outside to inside and back again: the lysophosphatidic acid-CCN axis in signal transduction. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:845-849. [PMID: 36795277 PMCID: PMC10409932 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CCN1 and CCN2 are matricellular proteins that are transcriptionally induced by various stimuli, including growth factors. CCN proteins act to facilitate signaling events involving extracellular matrix proteins. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lipid that activates G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), enhancing proliferation, adhesion, and migration in many types of cancer cells. Our group previously reported that LPA induces production of CCN1 protein in human prostate cancer cell lines within 2-4 h. In these cells, the mitogenic activity of LPA is mediated by LPA Receptor 1 (LPAR1), a GPCR. There are multiple examples of the induction of CCN proteins by LPA, and by the related lipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), in various cellular models. The signaling pathways responsible for LPA/S1P-induced CCN1/2 typically involve activation of the small GTP-binding protein Rho and the transcription factor YAP. Inducible CCNs can potentially play roles in downstream signal transduction events required for LPA and S1P-induced responses. Specifically, CCNs secreted into the extracellular space can facilitate the activation of additional receptors and signal transduction pathways, contributing to the biphasic delayed responses typically seen in response to growth factors acting via GPCRs. In some model systems, CCN1 and CCN2 play key roles in LPA/S1P-induced cell migration and proliferation. In this way, an extracellular signal (LPA or S1P) can activate GPCR-mediated intracellular signaling to induce the production of extracellular modulators (CCN1 and CCN2) that in turn initiate another round of intracellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravita Balijepalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA USA
| | - Kathryn E. Meier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA USA
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Hassan MDS, Razali N, Abu Bakar AS, Abu Hanipah NF, Agarwal R. Connective tissue growth factor: Role in trabecular meshwork remodeling and intraocular pressure lowering. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1425-1436. [PMID: 37873757 PMCID: PMC10657592 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231199466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a distinct signaling molecule modulating many physiological and pathophysiological processes. This protein is upregulated in numerous fibrotic diseases that involve extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. It mediates the downstream effects of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and is regulated via TGF-β SMAD-dependent and SMAD-independent signaling routes. Targeting CTGF instead of its upstream regulator TGF-β avoids the consequences of interfering with the pleotropic effects of TGF-β. Both CTGF and its upstream mediator, TGF-β, have been linked with the pathophysiology of glaucomatous optic neuropathy due to their involvement in the regulation of ECM homeostasis. The excessive expression of these growth factors is associated with glaucoma pathogenesis via elevation of the intraocular pressure (IOP), the most important risk factor for glaucoma. The raised in the IOP is due to dysregulation of ECM turnover resulting in excessive ECM deposition at the site of aqueous humor outflow. It is therefore believed that CTGF could be a potential therapeutic target in glaucoma therapy. This review highlights the CTGF biology and structure, its regulation and signaling, its association with the pathophysiology of glaucoma, and its potential role as a therapeutic target in glaucoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norhafiza Razali
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
- Center for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Amy Suzana Abu Bakar
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
- Center for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Noor Fahitah Abu Hanipah
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Renu Agarwal
- School of Medicine, International Medical University (IMU), 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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11
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Yin H, Liu N, Zhou X, Chen J, Duan L. The advance of CCN3 in fibrosis. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00778-3. [PMID: 37378812 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00778-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is comprised of various extracellular macromolecules, including collagen, enzymes, and glycoproteins, which offer structural and biochemical support to neighboring cells. After tissue injury, extracellular matrix proteins deposit in the damaged tissue to promote tissue healing. However, an imbalance between ECM production and degradation can result in excessive deposition, leading to fibrosis and subsequent organ dysfunction. Acting as a regulatory protein within the extracellular matrix, CCN3 plays a crucial role in numerous biological processes, such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and wound healing. Many studies have demonstrated that CCN3 can reduce the production of ECM in tissues through diverse mechanisms thereby exerting an inhibitory effect on fibrosis. Consequently, CCN3 emerges as a promising therapeutic target for ameliorating fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yin
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanchang, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Xianming Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Lihua Duan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China.
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China.
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanchang, China.
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12
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Birkeness LB, Banerjee S, Quadir M, Banerjee SK. The role of CCNs in controlling cellular communication in the tumor microenvironment. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:35-45. [PMID: 35674933 PMCID: PMC10030743 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-022-00682-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cellular communication network (CCN) family of growth regulatory factors comprises six secreted matricellular proteins that promote signal transduction through cell-cell or cell-matrix interaction. The diversity of functionality between each protein is specific to the many aspects of healthy and cancer biology. For example, CCN family proteins modulate cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, invasiveness, apoptosis, and survival. In addition, the expression of each protein regulates many biological and pathobiological processes within its microenvironment to regulate angiogenesis, inflammatory response, chondrogenesis, fibrosis, and mitochondrial integrity. The collective range of CCN operation remains fully comprehended; however, understanding each protein's microenvironment may draw more conclusions about the abundance of interactions and signaling cascades occurring within such issues. This review observes and distinguishes the various roles a CCN protein may execute within distinct tumor microenvironments and the biological associations among them. Finally. We also review how CCN-family proteins can be used in nano-based therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B Birkeness
- Cancer Research Unit, Research Division, VA Medical Center, 4801 Linwood Blvd, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
| | - Snigdha Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, Research Division, VA Medical Center, 4801 Linwood Blvd, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66106, USA
| | - Mohiuddin Quadir
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Sushanta K Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, Research Division, VA Medical Center, 4801 Linwood Blvd, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66106, USA.
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13
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Cárdenas-León CG, Mäemets-Allas K, Klaas M, Lagus H, Kankuri E, Jaks V. Matricellular proteins in cutaneous wound healing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1073320. [PMID: 36506087 PMCID: PMC9730256 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1073320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing is a complex process that encompasses alterations in all aspects of the skin including the extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM consist of large structural proteins such as collagens and elastin as well as smaller proteins with mainly regulative properties called matricellular proteins. Matricellular proteins bind to structural proteins and their functions include but are not limited to interaction with cell surface receptors, cytokines, or protease and evoking a cellular response. The signaling initiated by matricellular proteins modulates differentiation and proliferation of cells having an impact on the tissue regeneration. In this review we give an overview of the matricellular proteins that have been found to be involved in cutaneous wound healing and summarize the information known to date about their functions in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Mäemets-Allas
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mariliis Klaas
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Heli Lagus
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Wound Healing Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esko Kankuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Viljar Jaks
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia,Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Clinics, Tartu, Estonia,*Correspondence: Viljar Jaks,
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14
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Dekker Y, Le Dévédec SE, Danen EHJ, Liu Q. Crosstalk between Hypoxia and Extracellular Matrix in the Tumor Microenvironment in Breast Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091585. [PMID: 36140753 PMCID: PMC9498429 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer among women, treatments are not always successful in preventing its progression. Recent studies suggest that hypoxia and the extracellular matrix (ECM) are important in altering cell metabolism and tumor metastasis. Therefore, the aim of this review is to study the crosstalk between hypoxia and the ECM and to assess their impact on breast cancer progression. The findings indicate that hypoxic signaling engages multiple mechanisms that directly contribute to ECM remodeling, ultimately increasing breast cancer aggressiveness. Second, hypoxia and the ECM cooperate to alter different aspects of cell metabolism. They mutually enhance aerobic glycolysis through upregulation of glucose transport, glycolytic enzymes, and by regulating intracellular pH. Both alter lipid and amino acid metabolism by stimulating lipid and amino acid uptake and synthesis, thereby providing the tumor with additional energy for growth and metastasis. Third, YAP/TAZ signaling is not merely regulated by the tumor microenvironment and cell metabolism, but it also regulates it primarily through its target c-Myc. Taken together, this review provides a better understanding of the crosstalk between hypoxia and the ECM in breast cancer. Additionally, it points to a role for the YAP/TAZ mechanotransduction pathway as an important link between hypoxia and the ECM in the tumor microenvironment, driving breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Dekker
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia E. Le Dévédec
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H. J. Danen
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (E.H.J.D.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qiuyu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
- Correspondence: (E.H.J.D.); (Q.L.)
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15
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Sang Q, Dai W, Yu J, Chen Y, Fan Z, Liu J, Li F, Li J, Wu X, Hou J, Yu B, Feng H, Zhu ZG, Su L, Li YY, Liu B. Identification of prognostic gene expression signatures based on the tumor microenvironment characterization of gastric cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:983632. [PMID: 36032070 PMCID: PMC9411533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.983632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has elucidated that the tumor microenvironment (TME) shows a strong association with tumor progression and therapeutic outcome. We comprehensively estimated the TME infiltration patterns of 111 gastric cancer (GC) and 21 normal stomach mucosa samples based on bulk transcriptomic profiles based on which GC could be clustered as three subtypes, TME-Stromal, TME-Mix, and TME-Immune. The expression data of TME-relevant genes were utilized to build a GC prognostic model—GC_Score. Among the three GC TME subtypes, TME-Stomal displayed the worst prognosis and the highest GC_Score, while TME-Immune had the best prognosis and the lowest GC_Score. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), the highest weighted gene in the GC_Score, was found to be overexpressed in GC. In addition, CTGF exhibited a significant correlation with the abundance of fibroblasts. CTGF has the potential to induce transdifferentiation of peritumoral fibroblasts (PTFs) to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Beyond characterizing TME subtypes associated with clinical outcomes, we correlated TME infiltration to molecular features and explored their functional relevance, which helps to get a better understanding of carcinogenesis and therapeutic response and provide novel strategies for tumor treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Sang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Dai
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Translation, Shanghai, China
| | - Junxian Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunqin Chen
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jixiang Liu
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiongyan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyi Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Beiqin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoran Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Gang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Su
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Translation, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Bingya Liu, ; Yuan-Yuan Li,
| | - Bingya Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Bingya Liu, ; Yuan-Yuan Li,
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16
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Fu M, Peng D, Lan T, Wei Y, Wei X. Multifunctional regulatory protein connective tissue growth factor (CTGF): A potential therapeutic target for diverse diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1740-1760. [PMID: 35847511 PMCID: PMC9279711 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a multifunctional protein of the CCN family, regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and a variety of other biological processes. It is involved in the disease-related pathways such as the Hippo pathway, p53 and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathways and thus contributes to the developments of inflammation, fibrosis, cancer and other diseases as a downstream effector. Therefore, CTGF might be a potential therapeutic target for treating various diseases. In recent years, the research on the potential of CTGF in the treatment of diseases has also been paid more attention. Several drugs targeting CTGF (monoclonal antibodies FG3149 and FG3019) are being assessed by clinical or preclinical trials and have shown promising outcomes. In this review, the cellular events regulated by CTGF, and the relationships between CTGF and pathogenesis of diseases are systematically summarized. In addition, we highlight the current researches, focusing on the preclinical and clinical trials concerned with CTGF as the therapeutic target.
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17
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Ahmed KA, Hasib TA, Paul SK, Saddam M, Mimi A, Saikat ASM, Faruque HA, Rahman MA, Uddin MJ, Kim B. Potential Role of CCN Proteins in Breast Cancer: Therapeutic Advances and Perspectives. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:4972-4985. [PMID: 34940056 PMCID: PMC8700172 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28060417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CCNs are a specific type of matricellular protein, which are essential signaling molecules, and play multiple roles in multicellular eukaryotes. This family of proteins consists of six separate members, which exist only in vertebrates. The architecture of CCN proteins is multi-modular comprising four distinct modules. CCN Proteins achieve their primary functional activities by binding with several integrin7 receptors. The CCN family has been linked to cell adhesion, chemotaxis and migration, mitogenesis, cell survival, angiogenesis, differentiation, tumorigenesis, chondrogenesis, and wound healing, among other biological interactions. Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and CCN regulated breast cancer stands at the top. A favorable or unfavorable association between various CCNs has been reported in patients with breast carcinomas. The pro-tumorigenic CCN1, CCN2, CCN3, and CCN4 may lead to human breast cancer, although the anti-tumorigenic actions of CCN5 and CCN6 are also present. Several studies have been conducted on CCN proteins and cancer in recent years. CCN1 and CCN3 have been shown to exhibit a dual nature of tumor inhibition and tumor suppression to some extent in quiet recent time. Pharmacological advances in treating breast cancer by targeting CCN proteins are also reported. In our study, we intend to provide an overview of these research works while keeping breast cancer in focus. This information may facilitate early diagnosis, early prognosis and the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Ahsan Ahmed
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.A.A.); (T.A.H.); (S.K.P.); (H.A.F.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.); (A.M.); (A.S.M.S.)
- Bio-Science Research Initiative, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Tasnin Al Hasib
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.A.A.); (T.A.H.); (S.K.P.); (H.A.F.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.); (A.M.); (A.S.M.S.)
- Bio-Science Research Initiative, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Shamrat Kumar Paul
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.A.A.); (T.A.H.); (S.K.P.); (H.A.F.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.); (A.M.); (A.S.M.S.)
- Bio-Science Research Initiative, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Saddam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.); (A.M.); (A.S.M.S.)
- Bio-Science Research Initiative, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Afsana Mimi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.); (A.M.); (A.S.M.S.)
| | - Abu Saim Mohammad Saikat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.); (A.M.); (A.S.M.S.)
| | - Hasan Al Faruque
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.A.A.); (T.A.H.); (S.K.P.); (H.A.F.)
- Companion Diagnostics and Medical Technology Research Group, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Md. Ataur Rahman
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.A.A.); (T.A.H.); (S.K.P.); (H.A.F.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.A.R.); (M.J.U.); (B.K.)
| | - Md. Jamal Uddin
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.A.A.); (T.A.H.); (S.K.P.); (H.A.F.)
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Women’s University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.A.R.); (M.J.U.); (B.K.)
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.A.R.); (M.J.U.); (B.K.)
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18
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Huang Q, He Y, Zhang X, Guo L. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0103552 Promotes Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells through Upregulating Cysteine-Rich Angiogenic Inducer 61 (CYR61) Expression via Sponging MicroRNA-515-5p. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2021; 255:171-181. [PMID: 34707022 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.255.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) exert a significant regulatory function on tumor progression. This work intends to probe into the biological function and regulatory mechanism of circRNA_0103552 (circ_0103552) in breast cancer carcinogenesis. In this study, circ_0103552, microRNA-515-5p (miR-515-5p), and cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) mRNA expressions in breast cancer cells and tissues were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, followed by cell counting kit 8 and Transwell experiments to examine the multiplication, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells. Circular RNA Interactome database and StarBase database were searched, and dual-luciferase reporter gene experiments were applied to verify the targeting relationship between circ_0103552 and miR-515-5p, and between miR-515-5p and CYR61, and Western blot was adopted to the regulatory function of circ_0103552 and miR-515-5p on CYR61 protein expression. Circ_0103552 expression was found to be remarkably up-modulated in breast cancer tissues and cells, and circ_0103552 overexpression facilitated the multiplication, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells, while knocking down circ_0103552 induced the opposite effects. Mechanistically, circ_0103552 could sponge miR-515-5p and restrained its expression in breast cancer cells. MiR-515-5p could counteract the functions of circ_0103552 in breast cancer cells. Additionally, CYR61 was revealed to be a downstream target of miR-515-5p in breast cancer cells. In summary, this study shows that circ_0103552 up-modulates CYR61 expression by targeting miR-515-5p and thus facilitates the multiplication, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University
| | - Yujun He
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University
| | - Lingji Guo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University
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19
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NOV/CCN3 Promotes Cell Migration and Invasion in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma via miR-92a-3p. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111659. [PMID: 34828265 PMCID: PMC8621878 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a common type of human cancer with a poor prognosis, and investigating the potential molecular mechanisms that can contribute to gene diagnosis and therapy. Herein, based on the recently concerned vertebrate-specific Cyr61/CTGF/NOV (CCN) gene family because of its important roles in diverse diseases, we obtained NOV/CCN3 to query for its potential roles in tumorigenesis via bioinformatics analysis. Experimental validations confirmed that both NOV mRNA and protein are up-regulated in two ICC cell lines, suggesting that it may promote cell migration and invasion by promoting EMT. To elucidate the detailed regulatory mechanism, miR-92a-3p is screened and identified as a negative regulatory small RNA targeting NOV, and further experimental validation demonstrates that miR-92a-3p contributes to NOV-mediated migration and invasion of ICC via the Notch signaling pathway. Our study reveals that NOV may be a potential target for diagnosing and treating ICC, which will provide experimental data and molecular theoretical foundation for cancer treatment, particularly for future precision medicine.
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20
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WISP-3 Stimulates VEGF-C-Dependent Lymphangiogenesis in Human Chondrosarcoma Cells by Inhibiting miR-196a-3p Synthesis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101330. [PMID: 34680447 PMCID: PMC8533311 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor with high metastatic potential. Lymphangiogenesis is a critical biological step in cancer metastasis. WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 3 (WISP-3) regulates angiogenesis and facilitates chondrosarcoma metastasis, but the role of WISP-3 in chondrosarcoma lymphangiogenesis is unclear. In this study, incubation of chondrosarcoma cells with WISP-3 increased the production of VEGF-C, an important lymphangiogenic factor. Conditioned medium from WISP-3-treated chondrosarcoma cells significantly enhanced lymphatic endothelial cell tube formation. WISP-3-induced stimulation of VEGF-C-dependent lymphangiogenesis inhibited miR-196a-3p synthesis in the ERK, JNK, and p38 signaling pathways. This evidence suggests that the WISP-3/VEGF-C axis is worth targeting in the treatment of lymphangiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma.
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21
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Lavergne M, Guillon-Munos A, Lenga Ma Bonda W, Attucci S, Kryza T, Barascu A, Moreau T, Petit-Courty A, Sizaret D, Courty Y, Iochmann S, Reverdiau P. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 is a potent kallikrein-related protease 12 inhibitor. Biol Chem 2021; 402:1257-1268. [PMID: 33977679 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The protease activities are tightly regulated by inhibitors and dysregulation contribute to pathological processes such as cancer and inflammatory disorders. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI-2) is a serine proteases inhibitor, that mainly inhibits plasmin. This protease activated matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and degraded extracellular matrix. Other serine proteases are implicated in these mechanisms like kallikreins (KLKs). In this study, we identified for the first time that TFPI-2 is a potent inhibitor of KLK5 and 12. Computer modeling showed that the first Kunitz domain of TFPI-2 could interact with residues of KLK12 near the catalytic triad. Furthermore, like plasmin, KLK12 was able to activate proMMP-1 and -3, with no effect on proMMP-9. Thus, the inhibition of KLK12 by TFPI-2 greatly reduced the cascade activation of these MMPs and the cleavage of cysteine-rich 61, a matrix signaling protein. Moreover, when TFPI-2 bound to extracellular matrix, its classical localisation, the KLK12 inhibition was retained. Finally, TFPI-2 was downregulated in human non-small-cell lung tumour tissue as compared with non-affected lung tissue. These data suggest that TFPI-2 is a potent inhibitor of KLK12 and could regulate matrix remodeling and cancer progression mediated by KLK12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Lavergne
- Université de Tours, F-37032 Tours, France
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Audrey Guillon-Munos
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France
- Groupe IMT, Bio3 Institute, 15 rue du Plat D'Etain, F-37020 Tours Cedex 1, France
| | - Woodys Lenga Ma Bonda
- Université de Tours, F-37032 Tours, France
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Sylvie Attucci
- Université de Tours, F-37032 Tours, France
- INSERM, Imagerie et Cerveau (iBrain), UMR 1253, F-37000 Tours, France
| | - Thomas Kryza
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woollongabba Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Aurélia Barascu
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France
- UMR 8226-CNRS/UPMC, Institut de Biologie Physico-chimique, Sorbonne Université, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Thierry Moreau
- Université de Tours, F-37032 Tours, France
- INRA, UMR INRA 0083 - Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Agnès Petit-Courty
- Université de Tours, F-37032 Tours, France
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Damien Sizaret
- Département d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Hôpital Trousseau, CHRU de Tours, F-37044 Tours, France
| | - Yves Courty
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Sophie Iochmann
- Université de Tours, F-37032 Tours, France
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France
- Institut Universitaire de Technologie, F-37082 Tours, France
| | - Pascale Reverdiau
- Université de Tours, F-37032 Tours, France
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, 10 boulevard Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France
- Institut Universitaire de Technologie, F-37082 Tours, France
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22
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Williams H, Wadey KS, Frankow A, Blythe HC, Forbes T, Johnson JL, George SJ. Aneurysm severity is suppressed by deletion of CCN4. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:421-432. [PMID: 34080128 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-12021-00623-12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms are frequently treated with high-risk surgery. A pharmaceutical treatment to reverse aneurysm progression could prevent the need for surgery and save both lives and healthcare resources. Since CCN4 regulates cell migration, proliferation and apoptosis, processes involved in aneurysm progression, it is a potential regulator of aneurysm progression. We investigated the role of CCN4 in a mouse aneurysm model, using apolipoprotein-E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice fed high fat diet and infused with Angiotensin II (AngII). Blood pressure was similarly elevated in CCN4-/-ApoE-/- mice and CCN4+/+ApoE-/- mice (controls) in response to AngII infusion. Deletion of CCN4 significantly reduced the number of ruptured aortae, both thoracic and abdominal aortic area, and aneurysm grade score, compared to controls. Additionally, the frequency of vessel wall remodelling and the number of elastic lamina breaks was significantly suppressed in CCN4-/-ApoE-/- mice compared to controls. Immunohistochemistry revealed a significantly lower proportion of macrophages, while the proportion of smooth muscle cells was not affected by the deletion of CCN4. There was also a reduction in both proliferation and apoptosis in CCN4-/-ApoE-/- mice compared to controls. In vitro studies showed that CCN4 significantly increased monocyte adhesion beyond that seen with TNFα and stimulated macrophage migration by more than threefold. In summary, absence of CCN4 reduced aneurysm severity and improved aortic integrity, which may be the result of reduced macrophage infiltration and cell apoptosis. Inhibition of CCN4 could offer a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Williams
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Kerry S Wadey
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Aleksandra Frankow
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Hazel C Blythe
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Tessa Forbes
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Jason L Johnson
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Sarah J George
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
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23
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Williams H, Wadey KS, Frankow A, Blythe HC, Forbes T, Johnson JL, George SJ. Aneurysm severity is suppressed by deletion of CCN4. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:421-432. [PMID: 34080128 PMCID: PMC8222476 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms are frequently treated with high-risk surgery. A pharmaceutical treatment to reverse aneurysm progression could prevent the need for surgery and save both lives and healthcare resources. Since CCN4 regulates cell migration, proliferation and apoptosis, processes involved in aneurysm progression, it is a potential regulator of aneurysm progression. We investigated the role of CCN4 in a mouse aneurysm model, using apolipoprotein-E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice fed high fat diet and infused with Angiotensin II (AngII). Blood pressure was similarly elevated in CCN4-/-ApoE-/- mice and CCN4+/+ApoE-/- mice (controls) in response to AngII infusion. Deletion of CCN4 significantly reduced the number of ruptured aortae, both thoracic and abdominal aortic area, and aneurysm grade score, compared to controls. Additionally, the frequency of vessel wall remodelling and the number of elastic lamina breaks was significantly suppressed in CCN4-/-ApoE-/- mice compared to controls. Immunohistochemistry revealed a significantly lower proportion of macrophages, while the proportion of smooth muscle cells was not affected by the deletion of CCN4. There was also a reduction in both proliferation and apoptosis in CCN4-/-ApoE-/- mice compared to controls. In vitro studies showed that CCN4 significantly increased monocyte adhesion beyond that seen with TNFα and stimulated macrophage migration by more than threefold. In summary, absence of CCN4 reduced aneurysm severity and improved aortic integrity, which may be the result of reduced macrophage infiltration and cell apoptosis. Inhibition of CCN4 could offer a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Williams
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW UK
| | - Kerry S. Wadey
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW UK
| | - Aleksandra Frankow
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW UK
| | - Hazel C. Blythe
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW UK
| | - Tessa Forbes
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW UK
| | - Jason L. Johnson
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW UK
| | - Sarah J. George
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW UK
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24
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Chen R, Masuo K, Yogo A, Yokoyama S, Sugiyama A, Seno H, Yoshizawa A, Takaishi S. SNAIL regulates gastric carcinogenesis through CCN3 and NEFL. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:190-201. [PMID: 33313663 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among cancer cells, there are specific cell populations of whose activities are comparable to those of stem cells in normal tissues, and for whom the levels of cell dedifferentiation are reported to correlate with poor prognosis. Information concerning the mechanisms that modulate the stemness like traits of cancer cells is limited. Therefore, we examined five gastric cancer cell lines and isolated gastric oncospheres from three gastric cancer cell lines. The gastric cancer cells that expanded in the spheres expressed relatively elevated proportion of CD44, which is a marker of gastric cancer stem cells (CSCs), and displayed many properties of CSCs, for example: chemoresistance, tumorigenicity and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) acquisition. SNAIL, which is a key factor in EMT, was highly expressed in the gastric spheres. Microarray analysis in gastric cancer cell line HGC27 showed that CCN3 and NEFL displayed the greatest differential expression by knocking down of SNAIL; the former was upregulated and the latter downregulated, respectively. Downregulation of CCN3 and upregulation of NEFL gene expression impaired the SNAIL-dependent EMT activity: high tumorigenicity, and chemoresistance in gastric cancer cells. Thus, approach that disrupts SNAIL/CCN3/NEFL axis may be credible in inhibiting gastric cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Chen
- DSK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Masuo
- DSK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akitada Yogo
- DSK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shoko Yokoyama
- DSK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aiko Sugiyama
- DSK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Seno
- DSK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshizawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeo Takaishi
- DSK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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25
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Rebolledo DL, Acuña MJ, Brandan E. Role of Matricellular CCN Proteins in Skeletal Muscle: Focus on CCN2/CTGF and Its Regulation by Vasoactive Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5234. [PMID: 34063397 PMCID: PMC8156781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cellular Communication Network (CCN) family of matricellular proteins comprises six proteins that share conserved structural features and play numerous biological roles. These proteins can interact with several receptors or soluble proteins, regulating cell signaling pathways in various tissues under physiological and pathological conditions. In the skeletal muscle of mammals, most of the six CCN family members are expressed during embryonic development or in adulthood. Their roles during the adult stage are related to the regulation of muscle mass and regeneration, maintaining vascularization, and the modulation of skeletal muscle fibrosis. This work reviews the CCNs proteins' role in skeletal muscle physiology and disease, focusing on skeletal muscle fibrosis and its regulation by Connective Tissue Growth factor (CCN2/CTGF). Furthermore, we review evidence on the modulation of fibrosis and CCN2/CTGF by the renin-angiotensin system and the kallikrein-kinin system of vasoactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela L. Rebolledo
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, CARE Chile UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6213515, Chile
| | - María José Acuña
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, CARE Chile UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O Higgins, Santiago 8370854, Chile
| | - Enrique Brandan
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, CARE Chile UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 7810000, Chile
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26
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Kim H, Son S, Ko Y, Shin I. CTGF regulates cell proliferation, migration, and glucose metabolism through activation of FAK signaling in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:2667-2681. [PMID: 33692467 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), also known as CCN2, is a member of the CCN protein family of secreted proteins with roles in diverse biological processes. CTGF regulates biological functions such as cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, wound healing, and angiogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate a mechanistic link between CTGF and enhanced aerobic glycolysis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We found that CTGF is overexpressed in TNBC and high CTGF expression is correlated with a poor prognosis. Also, CTGF was required for in vivo tumorigenesis and in vitro proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion of TNBC cells. Our results indicate that extracellular CTGF binds directly to integrin αvβ3, activating the FAK/Src/NF-κB p65 signaling axis, which results in transcriptional upregulation of Glut3. Neutralization of CTGF decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through downregulation of Glut3-mediated glycolytic phenotypes. Overall, our work suggests a novel function for CTGF as a modulator of cancer metabolism, indicating that CTGF is a potential therapeutic target in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungjoo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seogho Son
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunhyo Ko
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Incheol Shin
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea. .,Natural Science Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Yes-Associated Protein 1 Is a Novel Calcium Sensing Receptor Target in Human Parathyroid Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042016. [PMID: 33670622 PMCID: PMC7922006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is involved in human tumorigenesis and tissue repair. Here, we investigated the Hippo coactivator Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and the kinase large tumor suppressor 1/2 (LATS1/2) in tumors of the parathyroid glands, which are almost invariably associated with primary hyperparathyroidism. Compared with normal parathyroid glands, parathyroid adenomas (PAds) and carcinomas show variably but reduced nuclear YAP1 expression. The kinase LATS1/2, which phosphorylates YAP1 thus promoting its degradation, was also variably reduced in PAds. Further, YAP1 silencing reduces the expression of the key parathyroid oncosuppressor multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1(MEN1), while MEN1 silencing increases YAP1 expression. Treatment of patient-derived PAds-primary cell cultures and Human embryonic kidney 293A (HEK293A) cells expressing the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) with the CASR agonist R568 induces YAP1 nuclear accumulation. This effect was prevented by the incubation of the cells with RhoA/Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitors Y27632 and H1152. Lastly, CASR activation increased the expression of the YAP1 gene targets CYR61, CTGF, and WNT5A, and this effect was blunted by YAP1 silencing. Concluding, here we provide preliminary evidence of the involvement of the Hippo pathway in human tumor parathyroid cells and of the existence of a CASR-ROCK-YAP1 axis. We propose a tumor suppressor role for YAP1 and LATS1/2 in parathyroid tumors.
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28
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Mazurkiewicz J, Simiczyjew A, Dratkiewicz E, Ziętek M, Matkowski R, Nowak D. Stromal Cells Present in the Melanoma Niche Affect Tumor Invasiveness and Its Resistance to Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E529. [PMID: 33430277 PMCID: PMC7825728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a highly metastatic type of cancer, which arises frequently from transformed pigment cells and melanocytes as a result of long-term UV radiation exposure. In recent years, the incidence of newly diagnosed melanoma patients reached 5% of all cancer cases. Despite the development of novel targeted therapies directed against melanoma-specific markers, patients' response to treatment is often weak or short-term due to a rapid acquisition of drug resistance. Among the factors affecting therapy effectiveness, elements of the tumor microenvironment play a major role. Melanoma niche encompasses adjacent cells, such as keratinocytes, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), adipocytes, and immune cells, as well as components of the extracellular matrix and tumor-specific physicochemical properties. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge concerning the influence of cancer-associated cells (keratinocytes, CAFs, adipocytes) on the process of melanomagenesis, tumor progression, invasiveness, and the emergence of drug resistance in melanoma. We also address how melanoma can alter the differentiation and activation status of cells present in the tumor microenvironment. Understanding these complex interactions between malignant and cancer-associated cells could improve the development of effective antitumor therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Mazurkiewicz
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (E.D.); (D.N.)
| | - Aleksandra Simiczyjew
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (E.D.); (D.N.)
| | - Ewelina Dratkiewicz
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (E.D.); (D.N.)
| | - Marcin Ziętek
- Department of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (R.M.)
- Wroclaw Comprehensive Cancer Center, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Matkowski
- Department of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (R.M.)
- Wroclaw Comprehensive Cancer Center, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Nowak
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (E.D.); (D.N.)
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29
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Blokland K, Pouwels S, Schuliga M, Knight D, Burgess J. Regulation of cellular senescence by extracellular matrix during chronic fibrotic diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:2681-2706. [PMID: 33084883 PMCID: PMC7578566 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network of macromolecules surrounding cells providing structural support and stability to tissues. The understanding of the ECM and the diverse roles it plays in development, homoeostasis and injury have greatly advanced in the last three decades. The ECM is crucial for maintaining tissue homoeostasis but also many pathological conditions arise from aberrant matrix remodelling during ageing. Ageing is characterised as functional decline of tissue over time ultimately leading to tissue dysfunction, and is a risk factor in many diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, dementia, glaucoma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and fibrosis. ECM changes are recognised as a major driver of aberrant cell responses. Mesenchymal cells in aged tissue show signs of growth arrest and resistance to apoptosis, which are indicative of cellular senescence. It was recently postulated that cellular senescence contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic fibrotic diseases in the heart, kidney, liver and lung. Senescent cells negatively impact tissue regeneration while creating a pro-inflammatory environment as part of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) favouring disease progression. In this review, we explore and summarise the current knowledge around how aberrant ECM potentially influences the senescent phenotype in chronic fibrotic diseases. Lastly, we will explore the possibility for interventions in the ECM-senescence regulatory pathways for therapeutic potential in chronic fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaj E.C. Blokland
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Newcastle, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Pulmonary Fibrosis, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon D. Pouwels
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Lung Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Schuliga
- University of Newcastle, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Darryl A. Knight
- University of Newcastle, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Pulmonary Fibrosis, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Janette K. Burgess
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
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30
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Zhu Y, Almuntashiri S, Han Y, Wang X, R. Somanath P, Zhang D. The Roles of CCN1/CYR61 in Pulmonary Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217810. [PMID: 33105556 PMCID: PMC7659478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CCN1 (cysteine-rich 61, connective tissue growth factor, and nephroblastoma-1), previously named CYR61 (cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61) belongs to the CCN family of matricellular proteins. CCN1 plays critical roles in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and fibrosis. Recent studies have extensively characterized the important physiological and pathological roles of CCN1 in various tissues and organs. In this review, we summarize both basic and clinical aspects of CCN1 in pulmonary diseases, including acute lung injury (ALI), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), lung infection, and lung cancer. We also emphasize the important challenges for future investigations to better understand the CCN1 and its role in physiology and pathology, as well as the questions that need to be addressed for the therapeutic development of CCN1 antagonists in various lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhu
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (Y.Z.); (S.A.); (Y.H.); (P.R.S.)
| | - Sultan Almuntashiri
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (Y.Z.); (S.A.); (Y.H.); (P.R.S.)
| | - Yohan Han
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (Y.Z.); (S.A.); (Y.H.); (P.R.S.)
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Payaningal R. Somanath
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (Y.Z.); (S.A.); (Y.H.); (P.R.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Duo Zhang
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (Y.Z.); (S.A.); (Y.H.); (P.R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-721-6491; Fax: +1-706-721-3994
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Silva JM, Wippel HH, Santos MDM, Verissimo DCA, Santos RM, Nogueira FCS, Passos GAR, Sprengel SL, Borba LAB, Carvalho PC, Fischer JDSDG. Proteomics pinpoints alterations in grade I meningiomas of male versus female patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10335. [PMID: 32587372 PMCID: PMC7316823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are among the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) and originate from the arachnoid or meningothelial cells of the meninges. Surgery is the first option of treatment, but depending on the location and invasion patterns, complete removal of the tumor is not always feasible. Reports indicate many differences in meningiomas from male versus female patients; for example, incidence is higher in females, whereas males usually develop the malignant and more aggressive type. With this as motivation, we used shotgun proteomics to compare the proteomic profile of grade I meningioma biopsies of male and female patients. Our results listed several differentially abundant proteins between the two groups; some examples are S100-A4 and proteins involved in RNA splicing events. For males, we identified enriched pathways for cell-matrix organization and for females, pathways related to RNA transporting and processing. We believe our findings contribute to the understanding of the molecular differences between grade I meningiomas of female and male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína M Silva
- Laboratory for Structural and Computational Proteomics, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz, Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Helisa H Wippel
- Laboratory for Structural and Computational Proteomics, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz, Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marlon D M Santos
- Laboratory for Structural and Computational Proteomics, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz, Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Denildo C A Verissimo
- Laboratory for Structural and Computational Proteomics, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz, Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Renata M Santos
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomic Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio C S Nogueira
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomic Unit, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Sergio L Sprengel
- Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luis A B Borba
- Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
- Hospital Universitário Evangélico Mackenzie, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paulo C Carvalho
- Laboratory for Structural and Computational Proteomics, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz, Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Juliana de S da G Fischer
- Laboratory for Structural and Computational Proteomics, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fiocruz, Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
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Liao X, Bu Y, Xu Z, Jia F, Chang F, Liang J, Jia Q, Lv Y. WISP1 Predicts Clinical Prognosis and Is Associated With Tumor Purity, Immunocyte Infiltration, and Macrophage M2 Polarization in Pan-Cancer. Front Genet 2020; 11:502. [PMID: 32523603 PMCID: PMC7261883 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is becoming the leading cause of death and a major public health problem. Although many advanced treatment strategies are currently in use, the general prognosis of cancer patients remains dismal due to the high frequency of recurrence, metastasis. The identification of effective biomarkers is important for predicting survival of cancer patients and improving treatment efficacy. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed WNT1-inducible-signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) expression and explored its correlation with prognosis in pan-cancer using tumor IMmune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA2). We also examined correlations between WISP1 and immunocyte infiltration using TIMER. We identified genes co-expressed with WISP1 using the LinkedOmics database and analyzed associated gene ontology using Metascape. Finally, we constructed protein-protein interaction networks and examined correlations between genes co-expressed with WISP1 and immunocyte infiltration in pan-cancer. WISP1 level differed between human pan-cancer tissues and normal tissues, indicating its potential as a prognostic biomarker. WISP1 expression was correlated with tumor purity and immunocyte infiltration, especially monocyte-macrophage trafficking and M2 polarization. Genes co-expressed with WISP1 were mainly associated with extracellular matrix organization, with collagen members COL6A3, COL5A1, and COL8A1 being key genes correlated with macrophage infiltration and M2 polarization in pan-cancer. Conversely, in certain types of cancer with better prognoses, WISP1 was associated with low M2 macrophage infiltration. These results suggest that WISP1 affect clinical prognosis through associations with tumor purity, immune cell infiltration, and macrophage M2 polarization in pan-cancer, with collagen member proteins may serving as effector molecules of WISP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liao
- Department of Nutrition, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Bu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zihan Xu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Fengan Jia
- Metabolite Research Center, Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi'an, China
| | - Fan Chang
- Metabolite Research Center, Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi'an, China
| | - Junrong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingan Jia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Treeck O, Skrzypczak M, Schüler-Toprak S, Weber F, Ortmann O. Long non-coding RNA CCAT1 is overexpressed in endometrial cancer and regulates growth and transcriptome of endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 122:105740. [PMID: 32173521 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in regulation of gene expression and are involved in pathogenesis of different diseases including cancer. Recent studies suggested the lncRNA Colon cancer associated transcript-1 (CCAT1) to act as putative oncogene. In this study, to elucidate the role of this lncRNA in endometrial cancer, we examined its expression in normal endometrium and type 1 endometrial cancer and knocked down its expression in endometrial cancer cell lines followed by transcriptome and pathway analyses. METHODS CCAT1 expression was examined in 100 tissue samples of normal endometrium and type 1 endometrial cancer tissues by means of RT-qPCR. Knockdown of CCAT1 expression in HEC-1B and RL95/2 endometrial cancer cells was performed by siRNA transfection. Affymetrix GeneChip arrays were used to elucidate the effect of both lncRNAs on the transcriptome of these cell lines. RESULTS Median CCAT1 expression was found to be 9.3-fold higher in endometrial cancer when compared to normal endometrium (p < 0.05). In contrast to premenopausal endometrium and G1, G2 and G3 graded endometrial cancer, CCAT1 expression was nearly absent in postmenopausal tissue. Knockdown of CCAT1 by transient siRNA transfection significantly reduced proliferation of HEC-1B cancer cells in vitro by 35.5 % 6 days after transfection and notably reduced their colony formation ability. Affymetrix microarray and Ingenuity pathway analyses revealed a set of up- or down-regulated genes in transfected ERα-negative HEC-1B cells forming a network controlled by the key regulators TNF and TP53, including genes known to be involved in growth control, providing putative molecular mechanisms underlying the observed growth inhibition of HEC-1B cells. In contrast, CCAT1 knockdown in ERα-positive RL95/2 cells did not significantly affect proliferation, but resulted in down-regulation of a network of ERα target genes. CONCLUSIONS Given that the lncRNA CCAT1 was found to be overexpressed in endometrial cancer, affected the growth of HEC-1B cells and the expression of growth regulatory genes, our data suggest CCAT1 to exert oncogenic functions in endometrial cancer and encourage further studies to examine to what extent this lncRNA might be a potential therapy target in this cancer entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Treeck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Maciej Skrzypczak
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, PL 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Susanne Schüler-Toprak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Florian Weber
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef Strauß Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Olaf Ortmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Xu ER, Lafita A, Bateman A, Hyvönen M. The thrombospondin module 1 domain of the matricellular protein CCN3 shows an atypical disulfide pattern and incomplete CWR layers. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020; 76:124-134. [PMID: 32038043 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798319016747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The members of the CCN (Cyr61/CTGF/Nov) family are a group of matricellular regulatory proteins that are essential to a wide range of functional pathways in cell signalling. Through interacting with extracellular matrix components and growth factors via one of their four domains, the CCN proteins are involved in critical biological processes such as angiogenesis, cell proliferation, bone development, fibrogenesis and tumorigenesis. Here, the crystal structure of the thrombospondin module 1 (TSP1) domain of CCN3 (previously known as Nov) is presented, which shares a similar three-stranded fold with the thrombospondin type 1 repeats of thrombospondin-1 and spondin-1, but with variations in the disulfide connectivity. Moreover, the CCN3 TSP1 domain lacks the typical π-stacked ladder of charged and aromatic residues on one side of the domain that is seen in other TSP1 domains. Using conservation analysis among orthologous domains, it is shown that a charged cluster in the centre of the domain is the most conserved site and this cluster is predicted to be a potential functional epitope for heparan sulfate binding. This variant TSP1 domain has also been used to revise the sequence determinants of TSP1 domains and to derive improved Pfam sequence profiles for the identification of novel TSP1 domains in more than 10 000 proteins across diverse phyla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ruoqi Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, England
| | - Aleix Lafita
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, England
| | - Alex Bateman
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, England
| | - Marko Hyvönen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, England
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Wang Y, Tu K, Liu D, Guo L, Chen Y, Li Q, Maiers JL, Liu Z, Shah VH, Dou C, Tschumperlin D, Voneschen L, Yang R, Kang N. p300 Acetyltransferase Is a Cytoplasm-to-Nucleus Shuttle for SMAD2/3 and TAZ Nuclear Transport in Transforming Growth Factor β-Stimulated Hepatic Stellate Cells. Hepatology 2019; 70:1409-1423. [PMID: 31004519 PMCID: PMC6783326 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear translocation of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2/3 (SMAD2/3), core transcription factors of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling, is critical for hepatic stellate cell (HSC) differentiation into metastasis-promoting myofibroblasts. SMAD2/3 have multiple coactivators, including WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1 (WWTR1 or TAZ) and p300 acetyltransferase. In the nucleus, TAZ binds to SMAD2/3 to prevent SMAD2/3 nuclear export. However, how TAZ and SMAD2/3 enter the nucleus remains poorly understood because neither contains a nuclear localization signal (NLS), an amino acid sequence tagging proteins for nuclear transport. p300 is an NLS-containing large scaffold protein, so we hypothesized that SMAD2/3 and TAZ may undergo nuclear import through complexing with p300. Coimmunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and nuclear fractionation assays revealed that TGF-β1 promoted binding of SMAD2/3 and TAZ to p300 and that p300 inactivation disrupted TGF-β1-mediated SMAD2/3 and TAZ nuclear accumulation. Deleting the p300 NLS blocked TGF-β1-induced SMAD2/3 and TAZ nuclear transport. Consistently, p300 inactivation suppressed TGF-β1-mediated HSC activation and transcription of genes encoding tumor-promoting factors, such as connective tissue growth factor, Tenascin C, Periostin, platelet-derived growth factor C, and fibroblast growth factor 2, as revealed by microarray analysis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-real-time quantitative PCR showed that canonical p300-mediated acetylation of histones also facilitated transcription in response to TGF-β1 stimulation. Interestingly, although both TGF-β1-mediated and stiffness-mediated HSC activation require p300, comparison of gene expression data sets revealed that transcriptional targets of TGF-β1 were distinct from those of stiffness-p300 mechanosignaling. Lastly, in tumor/HSC coinjection and intrasplenic tumor injection models, targeting p300 of activated-HSC/myofibroblasts by C646, short hairpin RNA, or cre-mediated gene disruption reduced tumor and liver metastatic growth in mice. Conclusion: p300 facilitates TGF-β1-stimulated HSC activation by both noncanonical (cytoplasm-to-nucleus shuttle for SMAD2/3 and TAZ) and canonical (histone acetylation) mechanisms. p300 is an attractive target for inhibiting HSC activation and the prometastatic liver microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanguo Wang
- Tumor Microenvironment and MetastasisHormel Institute, University of MinnesotaAustinMN
| | - Kangsheng Tu
- Tumor Microenvironment and MetastasisHormel Institute, University of MinnesotaAustinMN
- 1st Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShanxiP. R. China
| | - Donglian Liu
- Tumor Microenvironment and MetastasisHormel Institute, University of MinnesotaAustinMN
- 6th Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityQingyuanGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Luyang Guo
- Tumor Microenvironment and MetastasisHormel Institute, University of MinnesotaAustinMN
| | - Yunru Chen
- Tumor Microenvironment and MetastasisHormel Institute, University of MinnesotaAustinMN
- 1st Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShanxiP. R. China
| | - Qing Li
- Tumor Microenvironment and MetastasisHormel Institute, University of MinnesotaAustinMN
- 1st Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShanxiP. R. China
| | - Jessica L. Maiers
- GI Research Unit and Cancer Cell Biology ProgramMayo ClinicRochesterMN
| | - Zhikui Liu
- 1st Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShanxiP. R. China
- GI Research Unit and Cancer Cell Biology ProgramMayo ClinicRochesterMN
| | - Vijay H. Shah
- GI Research Unit and Cancer Cell Biology ProgramMayo ClinicRochesterMN
| | - Changwei Dou
- GI Research Unit and Cancer Cell Biology ProgramMayo ClinicRochesterMN
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s HospitalHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
| | | | - Luke Voneschen
- Computational Cancer GenomicsHormel Institute, University of MinnesotaAustinMN
| | - Rendong Yang
- Computational Cancer GenomicsHormel Institute, University of MinnesotaAustinMN
| | - Ningling Kang
- Tumor Microenvironment and MetastasisHormel Institute, University of MinnesotaAustinMN
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