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Virgincar RS, Wong AK, Barck KH, Webster JD, Hung J, Caplazi P, Choy MK, Forrest WF, Bell LC, de Crespigny AJ, Dunlap D, Jones C, Kim DE, Weimer RM, Shaw AS, Brightbill HD, Xie L. Diffusion tensor MRI is sensitive to fibrotic injury in a mouse model of oxalate-induced chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 327:F235-F244. [PMID: 38867676 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00099.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis in the kidney. Renal biopsies and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) remain the standard of care, but these endpoints have limitations in detecting the stage, progression, and spatial distribution of fibrotic pathology in the kidney. MRI diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has emerged as a promising noninvasive technology to evaluate renal fibrosis in vivo both in clinical and preclinical studies. However, these imaging studies have not systematically identified fibrosis particularly deeper in the kidney where biopsy sampling is limited, or completed an extensive analysis of whole organ histology, blood biomarkers, and gene expression to evaluate the relative strengths and weaknesses of MRI for evaluating renal fibrosis. In this study, we performed DTI in the sodium oxalate mouse model of CKD. The DTI parameters fractional anisotropy, apparent diffusion coefficient, and axial diffusivity were compared between the control and oxalate groups with region of interest (ROI) analysis to determine changes in the cortex and medulla. In addition, voxel-based analysis (VBA) was implemented to systematically identify local regions of injury over the whole kidney. DTI parameters were found to be significantly different in the medulla by both ROI analysis and VBA, which also spatially matched with collagen III immunohistochemistry (IHC). The DTI parameters in this medullary region exhibited moderate to strong correlations with histology, blood biomarkers, hydroxyproline, and gene expression. Our results thus highlight the sensitivity of DTI to the heterogeneity of renal fibrosis and importance of whole kidney noninvasive imaging.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the kidney. Although standard of care methods have been limited in scope, safety, and spatial distribution, MRI diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has emerged as a promising noninvasive technology to evaluate renal fibrosis in vivo. In this study, we performed DTI in an oxalate mouse model of CKD to systematically identify local kidney injury. DTI parameters strongly correlated with histology, blood biomarkers, hydroxyproline, and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan S Virgincar
- Translational Imaging, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Aaron K Wong
- Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Kai H Barck
- Translational Imaging, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Joshua D Webster
- Research Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Jeffrey Hung
- Research Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Patrick Caplazi
- Research Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Man Kin Choy
- Translational Imaging, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - William F Forrest
- Bioinformatics, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Laura C Bell
- Clinical Imaging Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Alex J de Crespigny
- Clinical Imaging Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Debra Dunlap
- Research Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Charles Jones
- Research Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Dong Eun Kim
- Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Robby M Weimer
- Translational Imaging, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Andrey S Shaw
- Research Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Hans D Brightbill
- Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Luke Xie
- Translational Imaging, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States
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Ertas B, Dorucu D, Gulerturk O, Sen A, Cevik O, Cetinel S, Eker P, Akgun A, Tarik Sener E, Sener G. The effect of Myrtus communis L. extract on nephrolithiasis model in rats. North Clin Istanb 2024; 11:91-98. [PMID: 38757104 PMCID: PMC11095334 DOI: 10.14744/nci.2023.09068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nephrolithiasis is a common urological disease that can lead to renal failure. Oxidative stress has been shown to be a contributing factor for nephrolithiasis and many agents have been studied to prevent and treat oxidative stress-related nephrolithiasis and renal damage. Myrtus communis (MC) extract has been shown to be an important antioxidant in different animal models. In this study, MC extract was administered preventively or therapeutically to rats with kidney stones, and its effectiveness was investigated. METHODS Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups (n=8); control (C), ethylene glycol (EG), EG+preventive MC, and EG+curative MC groups. The nephrolithiasis model was created by adding 0.75% EG to drinking water for 8 weeks. Ultimately, 24-hour urine was collected to measure calcium, citrate, and creatinine levels. After decapitation, kidney tissues were harvested for histological analyses, measurement of osteopontin and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and caspase-3 activities. RESULTS In 24-hour urine samples, calcium, citrate and creatinine levels were decreased in the EG group, while oxalate levels were increased and in treatment groups these parameters returned to control levels. MPO, 8-OHdG, caspase-3 and NAG activity were significantly increased in tissue and these changes were reversed in both MC groups. Histological findings also supported the biochemical parameters. CONCLUSION MC can reduce oxidative stress and histopathological changes in kidney tissues in rat nephrolithiasis model when used as either a preventive or therapeutic agent. If supported with further clinical trials, MC might have clinical implications in preventing oxidative renal cell injury and ultimately kidney stone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Ertas
- Department of Pharmacology, Marmara University Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Dogancan Dorucu
- Department of Urology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Oznur Gulerturk
- Department of Pharmacology, Marmara University Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Ali Sen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Marmara University Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Ozge Cevik
- Department of Biochemistry, Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Aydin, Turkiye
| | - Sule Cetinel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Pinar Eker
- Department of Biochemistry, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Asuman Akgun
- Department of Pharmacology, Marmara University Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Emre Tarik Sener
- Department of Urology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Goksel Sener
- Department of Pharmacology, Fenerbahce University Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Turkiye
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Walker D, Gardner MT, Dennis H, Voutchkov M. A simple assessment of the effect of strontium on the urinary excretion of calcium in Sprague Dawley rats. Urolithiasis 2023; 51:53. [PMID: 36930293 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-023-01427-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the impact of varying concentrations of strontium (Sr) on calcium (Ca) excretion via the urine and determine its impact on kidney stone formation. Twenty adult male Sprague Dawley rats weighing between 200 and 300 g were selected. The rats were randomly divided into four groups of five. One group was used as a control group while the other three groups were experimental. The diet of the rats was modulated over a 12 week period to investigate the impact of Sr on the urinary excretion of Ca. Urinary samples were collected every 2 weeks from the rats. The rats were fed water ad libitum. After the study the rats were euthanised and their kidneys harvested. Urine and kidney samples from the rats were analysed using Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence (TXRF). In the urine excretion of Ca increased with increased intake of Sr in the diet. Sr excretion via the urine also increased with increased dietary intake. There was a correlation of 0.835 at the significance level of 0.01 between Ca and Sr in the urine. However, for the kidneys, the varying concentration of Sr did not impact the retention of Ca in the kidneys. There was increased retention of Sr in the kidneys with increased dietary intake. In this study an increase of Sr in the diet resulted in an increase in urinary excretion of Ca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrion Walker
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the West Indies Mona, Kingston, Jamaica.
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies Mona, Kingston, Jamaica.
| | - Michael T Gardner
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Haile Dennis
- International Centre for Environmental and Nuclear Sciences, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Mitko Voutchkov
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the West Indies Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
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Al‐Marhoon MS, Al‐Harrasi A, Siddiqui K, Ashique M, Ali H, Ali BH. Effects of frankincense on experimentally induced renal stones in rats. BJUI COMPASS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/bco2.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Al‐Marhoon
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Sultan Qaboos University Seeb Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Al‐Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center University of Nizwa Nizwa Sultanate of Oman
| | - Khurram Siddiqui
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Sultan Qaboos University Seeb Sultanate of Oman
| | - Mohammed Ashique
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Sultan Qaboos University Seeb Sultanate of Oman
| | - Haytham Ali
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences Sultan Qaboos University Seeb Sultanate of Oman
| | - Badreldin H. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences Sultan Qaboos University Seeb Sultanate of Oman
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CLINICOPATHOLOGIC EVALUATION OF AN EX SITU POPULATION OF ADULT AFRICAN WHITE-BELLIED PANGOLIN (PHATAGINUS TRICUSPIS). J Zoo Wildl Med 2022; 53:551-560. [DOI: 10.1638/2021-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Riddle HAL, Zhang S, Qian F, Williams JC, Stubbs JR, Rowe PSN, Parnell SC. Kidney stone formation in a novel murine model of polycystic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 323:F59-F68. [PMID: 35343849 PMCID: PMC9236864 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00165.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease have a higher incidence of stone formation than the general population. However, there are no cystic animal models known to develop stones. Cystic mice compound heterozygous for hypomorphic Pkd1V and Pkd1RC alleles develop cystic kidneys within a few weeks of birth but live beyond 20 wk of age, allowing for the study of cystic comorbidities including stone formation. Cystic Pkd1V/RC mice were euthanized at 3, 13, or 26 wk of age, and their kidneys were analyzed by microcomputed tomography (µCT) for stone formation. Mice had occasional mineral aggregates that could be detected by µCT analysis at 3 wk of age. At 13 or 26 wk of age, numerous white masses were visible beneath the kidney surface. µCT analysis confirmed the masses to be large mineral stone deposits throughout the renal cortex, with mineral content increasing with age. Staining of histological sections with alizarin red and von Kossa suggested that the stone deposits were composed primarily of calcium and phosphate. Microdissection confirmed stones localized within cyst lumens. Analysis of individual stones by µCT and infrared spectroscopy confirmed apatite mineral composition. Urinalysis revealed elevated levels of phosphate and citrate at 3 wk of age and lower pH and elevated levels of calcium and citrate at 13 wk of age, suggesting altered phosphate and calcium homeostasis as a potential cause of mineralization and renal stone formation. This is the first animal model exhibiting overt kidney stone formation in the context of cystic kidney disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Compound heterozygous Pkd1V/RC mice were found to form calcium phosphate-containing stones within cysts of the renal cortex by 13 wk of age. This is the first polycystic kidney disease animal model exhibiting spontaneous stone formation. A growing body of evidence suggests a link between renal stone formation and cystic kidney disease. This mouse model may be useful for studying the interplay between stone and cyst formation and the functional role of polycystins in mineral homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A L Riddle
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Shiqin Zhang
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Feng Qian
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James C Williams
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jason R Stubbs
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Peter Stanley N Rowe
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Stephen C Parnell
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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Wang S, Ju Y, Gao L, Miao Y, Qiao H, Wang Y. The fruit fly kidney stone models and their application in drug development. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09232. [PMID: 35399385 PMCID: PMC8987614 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney stone disease is a global problem affecting about 12% of the world population. Novel treatments to control this disease have a huge demand. Here we argue that the fruit fly, as an emerging kidney stone model, can provide a platform for the discovery of new drugs. The renal system of fruit fly (Malpighian tubules) is similar to the mammalian renal tubules in both function and structure. Different fruit fly models for different types of kidney stones including calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones, xanthine stones, uric acid stone, and calcium phosphate (CaP) stones have been successfully established through dietary or genetic approaches in the last ten years, notably improved our understanding of the formation mechanisms of kidney stone diseases. The fruit fly CaOx stones model, which is mediated by treatment with dietary lithogenic agents, is also one of the most potential models for drug development. Various potential antilithogenic agents have been identified using this model, including new chemical compounds and medicinal plants. The fruit fly kidney stone models also afford opportunities to study the therapeutic mechanism of these drugs in deeper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Wang
- Academy of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjie Ju
- Academy of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Lujuan Gao
- Academy of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaodong Miao
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300250, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanhuan Qiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Academy of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, Tianjin, China
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8
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Liu Y, Zhao Y, Shukha Y, Lu H, Wang L, Liu Z, Liu C, Zhao Y, Wang H, Zhao G, Liang W, Fan Y, Chang L, Yurdagul A, Pattillo CB, Orr AW, Aviram M, Wen B, Garcia-Barrio MT, Zhang J, Liu W, Sun D, Hayek T, Chen YE, Rom O. Dysregulated oxalate metabolism is a driver and therapeutic target in atherosclerosis. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109420. [PMID: 34320345 PMCID: PMC8363062 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated glycine metabolism is emerging as a common denominator in cardiometabolic diseases, but its contribution to atherosclerosis remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate impaired glycine-oxalate metabolism through alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGXT) in atherosclerosis. As found in patients with atherosclerosis, the glycine/oxalate ratio is decreased in atherosclerotic mice concomitant with suppression of AGXT. Agxt deletion in apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice decreases the glycine/oxalate ratio and increases atherosclerosis with induction of hepatic pro-atherogenic pathways, predominantly cytokine/chemokine signaling and dysregulated redox homeostasis. Consistently, circulating and aortic C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) and superoxide in lesional macrophages are increased. Similar findings are observed following dietary oxalate overload in Apoe-/- mice. In macrophages, oxalate induces mitochondrial dysfunction and superoxide accumulation, leading to increased CCL5. Conversely, AGXT overexpression in Apoe-/- mice increases the glycine/oxalate ratio and decreases aortic superoxide, CCL5, and atherosclerosis. Our findings uncover dysregulated oxalate metabolism via suppressed AGXT as a driver and therapeutic target in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yousef Shukha
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel; The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | - Haocheng Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Cai Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Huilun Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Guizhen Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wenying Liang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yanbo Fan
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Lin Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Christopher B Pattillo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - A Wayne Orr
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | - Bo Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Duxin Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tony Hayek
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel; The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA.
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El-Ashmawy NE, El-Bahrawy HA, Ashmawy HH, Khedr EG. Amelioration of lithiatic injury to renal tissue by candesartan and sodium thiosulfate in a rat model of nephrolithiasis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251408. [PMID: 33984042 PMCID: PMC8118324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Nephrolithiasis is a chronic metabolic condition affecting 10% of population worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate the possible protective role of candesartan (CAND) and sodium thiosulfate (STS) in ameliorating ethylene glycol (EG) induced nephrolithiasis. METHODS One hundred male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Normal control group, nephrolithiasis (EG) group (1% EG in drinking water), Cystone (CYS) group (EG + 750 mg/kg CYS, orally, once daily), STS group (EG + 0.4 gm/kg STS, intraperitoneally, 3 times/week) and CAND group (EG + 70 μg/mL CAND in drinking water). Treatments and EG administration commenced on the same day and continued for 28 days. CYS was used as reference drug. Urine, blood, and renal tissues were collected at the end of the experiment for assessment of kidney function tests (serum creatinine and urea), urinary (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), calcium and oxalate), inflammatory and oxdative stress biomarkers (transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), osteopontin (OPN) and ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG)) in renal tissue. RESULTS Serum (creatinine and urea), urinary (8-OHdG and oxalate) and renal (OPN and TGF-β) were significantly reduced in CAND and STS groups compared to EG group. Furthermore, renal GSH/GSSG and urinary calcium were significantly increased in CAND and STS groups compared to EG group. Histopathological results support the biochemical findings; CAND and STS groups showed less retention of crystals and necrotic damage in kidney. Also, microscopic examination of urine revealed less crystal for CAND and STS groups. CONCLUSION Candesartan and sodium thiosulfate exhibited protective effect against nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla E. El-Ashmawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hoda A. El-Bahrawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Heba H. Ashmawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Eman G. Khedr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Zhu W, Liu Y, Lan Y, Li X, Luo L, Duan X, Lei M, Liu G, Yang Z, Mai X, Sun Y, Wang L, Lu S, Ou L, Wu W, Mai Z, Zhong D, Cai C, Zhao Z, Zhong W, Liu Y, Sun Y, Zeng G. Dietary vinegar prevents kidney stone recurrence via epigenetic regulations. EBioMedicine 2019; 45:231-250. [PMID: 31202812 PMCID: PMC6642359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence of over 9000 people suggests that daily intake of vinegar whose principal bioactive component is acetic acid is associated with a reduced risk of nephrolithiasis. The underlying mechanism, however, remains largely unknown. METHODS We examined the in vitro and in vivo anti-nephrolithiasis effects of vinegar and acetate. A randomized study was performed to confirm the effects of vinegar in humans. FINDINGS We found individuals with daily consumption of vinegar compared to those without have a higher citrate and a lower calcium excretion in urine, two critical molecules for calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stone in humans. We observed that oral administration of vinegar or 5% acetate increased citrate and reduced calcium in urinary excretion, and finally suppressed renal CaOx crystal formation in a rat model. Mechanism dissection suggested that acetate enhanced acetylation of Histone H3 in renal tubular cells and promoted expression of microRNAs-130a-3p, -148b-3p and -374b-5p by increasing H3K9, H3K27 acetylation at their promoter regions. These miRNAs can suppress the expression of Nadc1 and Cldn14, thus enhancing urinary citrate excretion and reducing urinary calcium excretion. Significantly these mechanistic findings were confirmed in human kidney tissues, suggesting similar mechanistic relationships exist in humans. Results from a pilot clinical study indicated that daily intake of vinegar reduced stone recurrence, increased citrate and reduced calcium in urinary excretion in CaOx stone formers without adverse side effects. INTERPRETATION Vinegar prevents renal CaOx crystal formation through influencing urinary citrate and calcium excretion via epigenetic regulations. Vinegar consumption is a promising strategy to prevent CaOx nephrolithiasis occurrence and recurrence. FUND: National Natural Science Foundations of China and National Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohang Li
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Lianmin Luo
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolu Duan
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanzhao Liu
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Mai
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China
| | - Suilin Lu
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Lili Ou
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Zanlin Mai
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongliang Zhong
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijian Zhao
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongda Liu
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China
| | - Yin Sun
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester 14646, NY, USA.
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510230, Guangdong, China.
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Ergul AB, Kara M, Karakukcu C, Tasdemir A, Aslaner H, Ergul MA, Muhtaroglu S, Zararsiz GE, Torun YA. High Doses of Boron Have No Protective Effect Against Nephrolithiasis or Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018. [PMID: 29520723 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1294-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Boron plays roles in the metabolism of calcium, vitamin D, steroid hormones, healthy bone development, and maintenance of cell membranes. The biological effects of boron are dose-dependent but follow a U-shaped pattern, rendering it important to define the active range. The studies of Bahadoran et al. on rats and Naghii et al. on humans showed that low doses of boron (3 and 10 mg/day) prevented kidney stone formation. The aim of this study was to determine whether high doses of boron have an anti-urolithiatic or antioxidant effect on nephrolithiasis in an experimental rat model. The study was conducted on 50 adult male Wistar rats randomized to five groups. Nephrolithiasis was induced with water containing 0.75% ethylene glycol (EG) and 2% ammonium chloride (AC). This treatment was given to animals in all groups for 10 days, except the positive and negative controls. Simultaneously, groups 2, 3, and 4 were given boric acid via gavage at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day (equivalent to 4/8/16 mg boron respectively) as the source of boron. Animals in the negative and positive control groups were given 6 μL/g distilled water without boric acid. At day 10, intra-cardiac blood samples were drawn from all animals. The right and left kidneys were removed for biochemical and histopathological examinations, respectively. The groups were compared with respect to serum urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphorous, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), serum paraoxonase (PON1) activity, tissue calcium and oxalate levels, and stone burden as determined by histopathological examination. Serum urea and creatinine levels were significantly higher (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively), while serum calcium and phosphorous levels were significantly lower (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively), in animals given EG/AC compared to negative controls. No significant differences were detected in serum calcium, phosphorous, urea, or creatinine levels between animals treated with boron and positive controls (p > 0.05). Serum PON1 activity was significantly lower in animals given EG/AC than in negative controls (p < 0.001), while no significant difference in serum PON1 level was detected between rats treated with boron and positive controls. No significant differences were detected in vitamin D, TAS, TOS, tissue calcium, or tissue oxalate levels among groups. No stone formation was detected on histopathological examination in negative controls. No significant differences were found in stone formation between rats treated with boron and positive controls. Based on this study, high doses of boron had no protective effect against nephrolithiasis and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Betul Ergul
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Kara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Karakukcu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Arzu Tasdemir
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Humeyra Aslaner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Ergul
- Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sebahattin Muhtaroglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gozde Erturk Zararsiz
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Altuner Torun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
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12
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Sayer JA. Progress in Understanding the Genetics of Calcium-Containing Nephrolithiasis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 28:748-759. [PMID: 27932479 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016050576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal stone disease is a frequent condition, causing a huge burden on health care systems globally. Calcium-based calculi account for around 75% of renal stone disease and the incidence of these calculi is increasing, suggesting environmental and dietary factors are acting upon a preexisting genetic background. The familial nature and significant heritability of stone disease is known, and recent genetic studies have successfully identified genes that may be involved in renal stone formation. The detection of monogenic causes of renal stone disease has been made more feasible by the use of high-throughput sequencing technologies and has also facilitated the discovery of novel monogenic causes of stone disease. However, the majority of calcium stone formers remain of undetermined genotype. Genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies implicate a series of genes involved in renal tubular handling of lithogenic substrates, such as calcium, oxalate, and phosphate, and of inhibitors of crystallization, such as citrate and magnesium. Additionally, expression profiling of renal tissues from stone formers provides a novel way to explore disease pathways. New animal models to explore these recently-identified mechanisms and therapeutic interventions are being tested, which hopefully will provide translational insights to stop the growing incidence of nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Sayer
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
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13
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Ward CS, Huang TW, Herrera JA, Samaco RC, Pitcher MR, Herron A, Skinner SA, Kaufmann WE, Glaze DG, Percy AK, Neul JL. Loss of MeCP2 Causes Urological Dysfunction and Contributes to Death by Kidney Failure in Mouse Models of Rett Syndrome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165550. [PMID: 27828991 PMCID: PMC5102405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rett Syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by loss of acquired skills during development, autonomic dysfunction, and an increased risk for premature lethality. Clinical experience identified a subset of individuals with RTT that present with urological dysfunction including individuals with frequent urinary tract infections, kidney stones, and urine retention requiring frequent catheterization for bladder voiding. To determine if urologic dysfunction is a feature of RTT, we queried the Rett Syndrome Natural History Study, a repository of clinical data from over 1000 individuals with RTT and found multiple instances of urological dysfunction. We then evaluated urological function in a mouse model of RTT and found an abnormal pattern of micturition. Both male and female mice possessing Mecp2 mutations show a decrease in urine output per micturition event. Furthermore, we identified signs of kidney failure secondary to urethral obstruction. Although genetic strain background significantly affects both survival and penetrance of the urethral obstruction phenotype, survival and penetrance of urethral obstruction do not directly correlate. We have identified an additional phenotype caused by loss of MeCP2, urological dysfunction. Furthermore, we urge caution in the interpretation of survival data as an endpoint in preclinical studies, especially where causes of mortality are poorly characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S. Ward
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Teng-Wei Huang
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - José A. Herrera
- Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Rodney C. Samaco
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
- Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Meagan R. Pitcher
- Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Alan Herron
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Skinner
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, United States of America
| | - Walter E. Kaufmann
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, United States of America
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Daniel G. Glaze
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Alan K. Percy
- University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey L. Neul
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
- Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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