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Sampaio GCL, Ribeiro JR, de Almeida CN, Boa-Sorte N, Galvão-Castro B, Grassi MFR, Nunes Sá K, Dias CMCC. Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Global Prevalence Associated with the Human Development Index: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2023; 39:145-165. [PMID: 36571250 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2021.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2012, the number of people infected with human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was estimated to be 10 million worldwide. Prevalence varies according to geographic location, ethnic factors, sex, age, populations exposed to risk factors, income, and education, reaching countries with the worst socioeconomic scenarios. There is a need to determine the current global prevalence of HTLV-1 and examine its association with countries' human development index (HDI) to provide data for global health policy. Systematic review with meta-analysis is according to PRISMA 2020 recommendations. It was registered at PROSPERO, CRD42021223146. Prevalence or cross-sectional studies of HTLV-1 infection with at least 100 participants, screening, and confirmatory serologic testing were included. Studies with incomplete or unavailable results or with duplicate information were excluded. Data were selected by two independent investigators and analyzed using R software, a metapackage that generated the forest plots [95% confidence interval (CI)]. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic, and funnel plot asymmetry was assessed using Egger's test. Countries were compared using an HDI cutoff ≥0.8. Methodological quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) criteria. The overall prevalence of HTLV-1 infection was 0.91% (95% CI: 0.80-1.02, p < .0001) and was higher in low HDI countries [1.18% (95% CI: 1.03-1.34)] than in high HDI countries [0.41% (95% CI: 0.27-0.57)]. Prevalence varied according to the populations studied: it was higher in the general population [1.65% (95% CI: 1.08-2.34)] compared to pregnant women [0.34% (95% CI: 0.17-0.57)] and blood donors [0.04% (95% CI: 0.01-0.08)]. Consistently, prevalence for each population group was higher in low HDI countries than in high HDI countries. The worldwide prevalence of HTLV-1 infection is highly heterogeneous, with a global prevalence of 0.91%. In high HDI countries, the observed prevalence is approximately three times lower than in low HDI countries. In the general population, the observed prevalence is about 5 times higher than in pregnant women and 41 times higher than in blood donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleice Castor Lins Sampaio
- Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Department, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Ramos Ribeiro
- Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Department, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Ney Boa-Sorte
- Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Department, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Bahia, Brazil.,Health Technology Assessment Unit, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Bahia, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Galvão-Castro
- Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Department, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Bahia, Brazil.,Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Rios Grassi
- Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Department, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Bahia, Brazil.,Advanced Public Health Laboratory, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Katia Nunes Sá
- Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Department, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Bahia, Brazil
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Legrand N, McGregor S, Bull R, Bajis S, Valencia BM, Ronnachit A, Einsiedel L, Gessain A, Kaldor J, Martinello M. Clinical and Public Health Implications of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 2022; 35:e0007821. [PMID: 35195446 PMCID: PMC8941934 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00078-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is estimated to affect 5 to 10 million people globally and can cause severe and potentially fatal disease, including adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The burden of HTLV-1 infection appears to be geographically concentrated, with high prevalence in discrete regions and populations. While most high-income countries have introduced HTLV-1 screening of blood donations, few other public health measures have been implemented to prevent infection or its consequences. Recent advocacy from concerned researchers, clinicians, and community members has emphasized the potential for improved prevention and management of HTLV-1 infection. Despite all that has been learned in the 4 decades following the discovery of HTLV-1, gaps in knowledge across clinical and public health aspects persist, impeding optimal control and prevention, as well as the development of policies and guidelines. Awareness of HTLV-1 among health care providers, communities, and affected individuals remains limited, even in countries of endemicity. This review provides a comprehensive overview on HTLV-1 epidemiology and on clinical and public health and highlights key areas for further research and collaboration to advance the health of people with and at risk of HTLV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Legrand
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Skye McGregor
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rowena Bull
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sahar Bajis
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Amrita Ronnachit
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lloyd Einsiedel
- Central Australian Health Service, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Antoine Gessain
- Institut Pasteur, Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Oncogenic Viruses Unit, Paris, France
| | - John Kaldor
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Updates on the Epidemiology of the Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Infection in the Countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of the World Health Organization with Special Emphasis on the Situation in Iran. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040664. [PMID: 35458394 PMCID: PMC9029775 DOI: 10.3390/v14040664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The epidemiology and prevalence of the Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection represent a recommended priority by global health agencies. An in-depth revision to update the status of this infection in countries including those of the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO) of the World Health Organization is hence required. Methods: Ninety-seven studies evaluating the HTLV-1 infection in low- and high-risk populations in EMRO countries were retrieved from the international electronic databases and were used to assess the epidemiological status of the infection in these countries. Results: Most epidemiologic reports were published from Iran, with more than 50% of Iranian prisoners and around 4% of healthy individuals reported to have the infection. In Egypt, a considerable prevalence of the virus spans around 1.11% of blood donors. Foci of HTLV-1 infection are also present in some countries and require a careful epidemiological evaluation. In the other EMRO countries, a lower prevalence that does not exceed 1% was reported. Conclusion: The epidemiology and prevalence of HTLV-1 in the EMRO countries require a tight revision and update. Published studies reveal a scarce distribution of the virus in the African countries of EMRO, while a lower prevalence is denoted in the Asian countries of EMRO, except in Iran, where the prevalence is high.
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Paraparesia espástica tropical en paciente autóctona. Med Clin (Barc) 2020; 154:522-523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2019.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mirhosseini A, Mohareri M, Arab R, Rezaee SA, Shirdel A, Koshyar MM, Allahyari A, Bari A, Rahimi H, Mozaheb Z, Bazarbachi A, Boostani R, Mashkani B, Rafatpanah H. Complete sequence of human T cell leukemia virus type 1 in ATLL patients from Northeast Iran, Mashhad revealed a prematurely terminated protease and an elongated pX open reading frame III. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 73:460-469. [PMID: 31102740 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To gain insight into the origin, evolution, dissemination and viral factors affecting HTLV-1-associated diseases, knowing the complete viral genome sequences is important. So far, no full-length HTLV-1 genome sequence has been reported from Iran. Here we report the complete nucleotide sequence of HTLV-1 viruses isolated from adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) patients from this region. The genome size of HTLV-1-MhD (Mashhad) was found to be 9036 bp and sequence analysis of the LTR region showed that it belongs to cosmopolitan subtype A. Comparing the sequences with isolates from another endemic area (HTLV-1ATK) revealed variations in the U3 region (~3.4%), while there was 99.1% and 97.0% similarity in R and U5 regions, respectively. The nucleotide sequences of HTLV-1 gag, pro and pol genes had a difference of 1.1% compared with HTLV-1 ATK with 16 nucleotides replaced in the gag and 27 in the pol regions. There was no variability in the amino acid sequences in the p24gag, however three residues were different in the p19gag and one in the p15gag. The nucleotide sequence of env showed a divergence of 1.5% compared to ATK with 22-nucleotide variation. The HTLV-1-MhD Tax, p13, p30, and p12 had 99.1, 100, 98.8, and 98%, respectively similarity with the prototype strain. Four amino acid changes were detected in ORF1 and ORF2 products p12 and p30, respectively, while the p13 region showed 100% conservation. The nucleotide identity between the isolates of Mashhad and those isolated from France, Germany, China, Canada and Brazil was 99.1%, 99.2%, 97.9%, 99% and 99.3%, respectively. Four amino acid changes compared with HTLV-1ATK from Japan were detected in ORF1 and ORF2 products p12 and p30, respectively, while the p13 region showed 100% conservation. This data could provide information regarding the evolutionary history, phylogeny, origin of the virus and vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mirhosseini
- Immunology Research Center, Division of Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Mohareri
- Immunology Research Center, Division of Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rohollah Arab
- Immunology Research Center, Division of Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Immunology Research Center, Division of Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Shirdel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Koshyar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Allahyari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Bari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Rahimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Mozaheb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Bazarbachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Reza Boostani
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Baratali Mashkani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Division of Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Fani M, Rezayi M, Meshkat Z, Rezaee SA, Makvandi M, Abouzari‐Lotf E, Ferns GA. Current approaches for detection of human T‐lymphotropic virus Type 1: A systematic review. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:12433-12441. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Fani
- Virology Department School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
| | - Majid Rezayi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Zahra Meshkat
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Department of Medical Bacteriology and Virology, Qaem University Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Inflammation and Inflammatory Disease Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Manoochehr Makvandi
- Virology Department School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
| | - Ebrahim Abouzari‐Lotf
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Center of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Department of Chemical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Gordon A. Ferns
- Division of Medical Education Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton Sussex UK
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Absence of FLT3 mutations in Iranian adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma patients. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2018; 32:47. [PMID: 30159298 PMCID: PMC6108286 DOI: 10.14196/mjiri.32.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adult T cell leukemia lymphoma (ATLL) is a rare disease, significantly linked to the infection by the human T-cell lymphotropic virus 1(HTLV-1). ATLL is typically preceded by decades of clinical latency during which infected cells accumulate selectable traits leading to a malignant transformation. Amongst all the HTLV-1 infected carriers only about 3-5% will develop ATLL. Despite the intensive attempt to improve the overall survival, ATLL remains one of worse prognosis among the hematologic malignancies. FMS like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) mutations are mutations which are frequent among leukemic patients. We aimed to investigate the frequency of FLT3 mutation status in patients with acute type of ATLL which has not been studied yet.
Methods: In this case control study 38 patients with acute type of ATLL were retrospectively analyzed between February 2015 and February 2017. Forty HTLV-1 positive patients were also used as control cases. Genomic DNA was extracted according to phenolchloroform protocol and two restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) PCR reactions were set up to detect FLT3/ ITD and FLT3/TKD mutations. Differences between variables were evaluated by the chi-square test and t test for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. SPSS software v. 15 was used for statistical analysis. All P values were two sided and values less than 0.05 were considered to be significant.
Results: No FLT3 mutations were detected in acute type of ATLL patients. So far, not many studies have shown the frequency of FLT3 mutation in ATLL patients
Conclusion: Therefore, we conclude that although FLT3 mutations are rather unusual in the acute type of ATLL patients, but other alternative mechanisms associated with ATLL remain to be further investigated. This study was a novel project regarding the analysis of FLT3 mutation in the field of ATLL research.
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Azami M, Badfar G, Esmaeli E, Moslemirad M, Rahmati S. Epidemiology of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 among blood donors and general population in Iran: a meta-analysis. Future Virol 2018. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2018-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Aim: The present meta-analysis aims to assess the epidemiology of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) among blood donors and general population in Iran. Methods: The present study was designed according to PRISMA guidelines. Results: The prevalence of HTLV-1 in 34 studies with a sample size of 3,626,364 blood donors was 0.20% (95% CI: 0.15–0.26) and the prevalence of this virus among men and women blood donors was 0.20% (95% CI: 0.15–0.27) and 0.64% (95% CI: 0.13–3.01), respectively and the female-male odds ratio was 3.13 (1.35–7.25, p = 0.008). In five studies consisting of 4763 individuals, the prevalence of HTLV-1 among the general population who lived in the main HTLV-1 endemic regions (Khorasan provinces, in northeastern Iran) was 2.5% (95% CI: 1.3–4.7) and the prevalence of this virus among men and women was 2.4% (95% CI: 0.8–7.1) and 3.4% (95% CI: 2.0–5.7), respectively. According to the systematic review, the prevalence of HTLV-1 in general population living in non-endemic regions of HTLV-1 was reported to be 0.07% to 1.8%. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of HTLV-1 in the main HTLV-1 endemic regions of Iran, persistent prevention programs are required in blood transfusion centers in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Azami
- Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Badfar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Elham Esmaeli
- Department of Microbiology & Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Moslem Moslemirad
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, Yasuj University of Medical Science, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Shoboo Rahmati
- Msc Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Prevalence of Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Antibodies among Young Females Attending a Large Medical Diagnostic Laboratory in Neyshabour, Northeast of Iran, During 2011 to 2015. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.62305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pirayeshfard L, Sharifi Z, Amini-Kafiabad S, Haghnazari Sadaghiani N. Phylogenetic analysis of HTLV-1 in Iranian blood donors, HIV-1 positive patients and patients with beta thalassemia. J Med Virol 2018; 90:1398-1405. [PMID: 29663494 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphoma virus (HTLV) has been associated with various disease types. Since the discovery of the virus in 1980, seven subtypes of the virus have been identified. HTLV is widespread and endemic in some regions, such as Japan, Africa, South America, and northeast Iran. This study aimed to identify HTLV-1 genotype and also to analyze the nucleotide sequence of the LTR region in three groups, including blood donors, HIV-1+ patients, and β-thalassemia patients. In this cross-sectional study, 2200 samples were collected from blood donors in Tehran (2000 samples), HIV-1+ patients (100 samples) and β-thalassemia patients (100 samples). All samples were screened for anti-HTLV-I&II antibodies by ELISA. Then, genomic DNA was extracted from repeatedly positive samples, and nested PCR was performed for both the TAX and LTR regions. Purified PCR products were sequenced and analyzed, and finally, a phylogenetic tree was constructed using Mega7 software. The prevalence of the anti-HTLV-I&II antibody among blood donors and HIV-1+ patients was 1.7% (34/2000) and 12% (12/100), respectively. The PCR results confirmed that 0.05% (1/2000) of blood donors, 5% (5/100) of HIV-1+ patients, and 8% (8/100) of β-thalassemia patients were HTLV-I positive. All sequences were matched to HTLV-1 subtype a, subgroup A. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that all sequenced samples belong to the endemic clusters of Iran. HTLV-1 genotypes in all samples were similar in three groups and were derived from the strains, which had been previously reported from Iran (AF00300/Mashhad and KT190712.1/Sabzevar).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Pirayeshfard
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Sharifi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Amini-Kafiabad
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Haghnazari Sadaghiani
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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Abedi F, Mozhgani SH, Rahimzadegan M, Gudarzi H, Valizadeh N, Rezaee SA. Prevalence and phylogenic study of human T-lymphotropic virus 1 in patients with thalassemia in the northeast of Iran. Future Virol 2017. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2016-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the frequency and phylogenetic distribution of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) in thalassemia cases. Methods: Between 2006 and 2013, a total of 100 thalassemic individuals were investigated for HTLV-1 infections. Results: Four people (4%) were reactive for HTLV antibodies. No considerable correlation was seen between factors such as age, blood transfusion history, surgery, marital status, gender and blood types. All HTLV-1 sequences belonged to the transcontinental (A) subgroup in the cosmopolitan (a) subtype. Conclusion: In addition to phylogenetic distribution, our results demonstrate that the prevalence of HTLV-1 infection among thalassemia patients in Mashhad is higher than that of previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Abedi
- Department of Infectious Disease, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Department of Infectious Disease, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Rahimzadegan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hoda Gudarzi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Valizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation & Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation & Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Salehi M, Shokouhi Mostafavi SK, Ghasemian A, Gholami M, Kazemi-Vardanjani A, Rahimi MK. Seroepidemiology of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 Infection in Neyshabur City, North-Eastern Iran, during 2010-2014. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 21:57-60. [PMID: 26899860 PMCID: PMC5141255 DOI: 10.6091/.21.1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retroviruses of human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) have been demonstrated to be endemic in the north-eastern region of Iran. This study was aimed to determine the HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 prevalence among healthy individuals in Neyshabur City during 2010-2014. METHODS A total of 8054 blood samples were collected from healthy participants in Neyshabur, North-Eastern Iran. The blood samples were screened for the presence of specific antibodies against HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 by using ELISA according to the manufacturer's instructions. RESULTS The overall seropositivity rate for HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 was found to be 6.55% (528 out of 8054) among participants. CONCLUSION Both HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 were demonstrated to be at a high rate in healthy individuals. However, a smaller number of asymptomatic carriers were found in this study, as compared to those identified in previous investigations in the city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Salehi
- Medical Diagnostic Laboratory of Neyshabour, Center of Medical, Pathological and Genetic Diagnostic Services, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Abdolmajid Ghasemian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Gholami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Karim Rahimi
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Science Branch, Tehran, Iran
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Maghsudlu M, Safabakhsh H, Jamili P. Seroepidemiology of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-I in blood donors of Northeastern Iran, Sabzevar. Asian J Transfus Sci 2015; 9:203-6. [PMID: 26420946 PMCID: PMC4562147 DOI: 10.4103/0973-6247.154255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I) infection is considered as a public health challenge in endemic areas. The virus is associated with severe diseases, such as adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, and HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. One of the major routes of the HTLV-I transmission includes blood transfusion. Sabzevar is located in the endemic region of HTLV-I infection. The aim of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of HTLV-I infection in the blood donors in Sabzevar. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 35,067 blood donors in Sabzevar from March 2009 to April 2012 who were screened with HTLV-I on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay screening test were included in this survey. Reactive samples that confirmed by western blot were considered to be seropositive cases. The required data were obtained from blood donors' database of blood transfusion service. RESULTS The overall prevalence of HTLV-1 based on the positive result of western blot test was 0.14%. The seropositive donors aged 17-59 years with a mean age of 38.10 ± 11.82. The prevalence rates of HTLV-I infection in 3 years of study were 0.19%, 0.14%, and 0.09%, respectively. A significant relation between age, sex, educational level, and history of blood donation was observed with seropositivity of HTLV-I. CONCLUSION The improvement of donor selection and laboratory screening caused a decline in the prevalence of infection in blood donors. Given the lower prevalence of infection in regular donors with lower age and higher educational level, more efforts should be done to attract blood donors from these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Maghsudlu
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Safabakhsh
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran ; Mashhad Regional Educational Blood Transfusion Center, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parastoo Jamili
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran ; Sabzevar Blood Transfusion Center, Sabzevar, Iran
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