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Candice Costa Silva J, Medeiros Santos N, de Sousa Silva N, Cristina Silveira Martins A, Maria Gomes Dutra L, Eduardo Alves Dantas C, Dos Santos Lima M, Fechine Tavares J, Sobral da Silva M, Mangueira do Nascimento Y, Ferreira da Silva E, Eduardo Vasconcelos de Oliveira C, Elieidy Gomes de Oliveira M, Elias Pereira D, Carolina Dos Santos Costa A, Carlo Rufino Freitas J, Késsia Barbosa Soares J, Bordin Viera V. Characterization of flours from the aroeira leaf (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi), obtained by different drying methods. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1239:124126. [PMID: 38688175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The present work aimed at the development and characterization of aroeira leaf flour (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi), obtained by lyophilization and drying in an air circulation oven. The technological, physical, physico-chemical, morphological, functional, and microbiological aspects were analyzed. Physico-chemical analysis identified the following properties with values provided respectively for fresh leaves (FOin) and flours (FES and FLIO): low water activity (0.984, 0.370, 0.387 g/100 g), moisture (64.52, 5.37, 7.97 g /100 g), ash (2.69, 6.51, and 6.89 g/100 g), pH (0.89, 4.45, 4.48 g/100 g), lipids (0.84, 1.67, 5.23 g/100 g), protein (3.29, 8.23, 14.12 g/100 g), carbohydrates (17.02, 53.12, 33.02 g/100 g), ascorbic acid (19.70, 34.20, 36.90 mg/100 g). Sources of fiber from plant leaves and flours (11.64, 25.1, 32.89 g/100 g) showed increased levels of luminosity. For NMR, the presence of aliphatic and aromatic compounds with olefinic hydrogens and a derivative of gallic acid were detected. The most abundant minerals detected were potassium and calcium. Micrographs identified the presence of irregular, non-uniform, and sponge-like particles. The main sugars detected were: fructose, glucose, and maltose. Malic, succinic, citric, lactic, and formic acids were found. Fifteen phenolic compounds were identified in the samples, highlighting: kaempferol, catechin, and caffeic acid. The values found for phenolics were (447, 716.66, 493.31 mg EAG/100 g), flavonoids (267.60, 267.60, 286.26 EC/100 g). Antioxidant activity was higher using the ABTS method rather than FRAP for analysis of FOin, FES, and FLIO. Since the flours of the aroeira leaf have an abundant matrix of nutrients with bioactive properties and antioxidant activity, they have a potential for technological and functional use when added to food.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nayane Medeiros Santos
- Program of Natural Sciences Biotechnology, Federal University of Campina Grande -UFCG, Cuité, PB, Brazil
| | - Nayara de Sousa Silva
- Program of Natural Sciences Biotechnology, Federal University of Campina Grande -UFCG, Cuité, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Maria Gomes Dutra
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraiba, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Eduardo Alves Dantas
- Laboratory of Bromatology, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Marcos Dos Santos Lima
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Sertão Pernambucano, Petrolina 56302-100, Brazil
| | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Post-Graduate Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Sobral da Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Yuri Mangueira do Nascimento
- Post-Graduate Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Evandro Ferreira da Silva
- Institute for Research in Drugs and Medicines - IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Diego Elias Pereira
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliana Késsia Barbosa Soares
- Program of Natural Sciences Biotechnology, Federal University of Campina Grande -UFCG, Cuité, PB, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Bordin Viera
- Program of Natural Sciences Biotechnology, Federal University of Campina Grande -UFCG, Cuité, PB, Brazil; Laboratory of Bromatology, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraiba, Brazil
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Teng H, Zheng Y, Cao H, Huang Q, Xiao J, Chen L. Enhancement of bioavailability and bioactivity of diet-derived flavonoids by application of nanotechnology: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:378-393. [PMID: 34278842 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1947772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids, which are a class of polyphenols widely existing in food and medicine, have enormous pharmacological effects. The functional properties of flavonoids are mainly distributed to their anti-oxidative, anticancer, and anti-inflammatoryeffects, etc. However, flavonoids' low bioavailability limits their clinical application, which is closely related to their intestinal absorption and metabolism. In addition, because of the short residence time of oral bioactive molecules in the stomach, low permeability and low solubility in the gastrointestinal tract, flavonoids are easy to be decomposed by the external environment and gastrointestinal tract after digestion. To tackle these obstacles, technological approaches like microencapsulation have been developed and applied for the formulation of flavonoid-enriched food products. In the light of these scientific advances, the objective of this review is to establish the structural requirements of flavonoids for appreciable anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, and elucidate a comprehensive mechanism that can explain their activity. Furthermore, the novelty in application of nanotechnology for the safe delivery of flavonoids in food matrices is discussed. After a literature on the flavonoids and their health attributes, the encapsulation methods and the coating materials are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Teng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yimei Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hui Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qun Huang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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Trujillo-Mayol I, Guerra-Valle M, Casas-Forero N, Sobral MMC, Viegas O, Alarcón-Enos J, Ferreira IM, Pinho O. Western Dietary Pattern Antioxidant Intakes and Oxidative Stress: Importance During the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Pandemic. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:670-681. [PMID: 33439972 PMCID: PMC7929475 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of balanced dietary habits, which include appropriate amounts of antioxidants to maintain the immune system, has become increasingly relevant during the current SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic, because viral infections are characterized by high oxidative stress. Furthermore, the measures taken by governments to control the pandemic have led to increased anxiety, stress, and depression, which affect physical and mental health, all of which are influenced by nutritional status, diet, and lifestyle. The Mediterranean diet (MD), Atlantic diet (AD), and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans all provide the essential vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds needed to activate enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant responses. However, viral pandemics such as the current COVID-19 crisis entail high oxidative damage caused by both the infection and the resultant social stresses within populations, which increases the probability and severity of infection. Balanced dietary patterns such as the MD and the AD are characterized by the consumption of fruit, vegetables, legumes, olive oil, and whole grains with low intakes of processed foods and red meat. For a healthy lifestyle in young adults, the MD in particular provides the required amount of antioxidants per day for vitamins D (0.3-3.8 μg), E (17.0 mg), C (137.2-269.8 mg), A (1273.3 μg), B-12 (1.5-2.0 μg), and folate (455.1-561.3 μg), the minerals Se (120.0 μg), Zn (11.0 mg), Fe (15.0-18.8 mg), and Mn (5.2-12.5 mg), and polyphenols (1171.00 mg) needed to maintain an active immune response. However, all of these diets are deficient in the recommended amount of vitamin D (20 μg/d). Therefore, vulnerable populations such as elders and obese individuals could benefit from antioxidant supplementation to improve their antioxidant response. Although evidence remains scarce, there is some indication that a healthy diet, along with supplemental antioxidant intake, is beneficial to COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Trujillo-Mayol
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Alimentos, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - María Guerra-Valle
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Alimentos, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Nidia Casas-Forero
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Alimentos, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - M Madalena C Sobral
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Olga Viegas
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Julio Alarcón-Enos
- Laboratorio de Síntesis y Biotransformación de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Isabel Mplvo Ferreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Olívia Pinho
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Vijakumaran U, Yazid MD, Hj Idrus RB, Abdul Rahman MR, Sulaiman N. Molecular Action of Hydroxytyrosol in Attenuation of Intimal Hyperplasia: A Scoping Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:663266. [PMID: 34093194 PMCID: PMC8176091 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.663266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a polyphenol of olive plant is well known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties. The aim of this systematic search is to highlight the scientific evidence evaluating molecular efficiency of HT in halting the progression of intimal hyperplasia (IH), which is a clinical condition arises from endothelial inflammation. Methods: A systematic search was performed through PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, based on pre-set keywords which are Hydroxytyrosol OR 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol, AND Intimal hyperplasia OR Neointimal hyperplasia OR Endothelial OR Smooth muscles. Eighteen in vitro and three in vitro and in vivo studies were selected based on a pre-set inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Based on evidence gathered, HT was found to upregulate PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways and supresses inflammatory factors and mediators such as IL-1β, IL-6, E-selectin, P-selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 in endothelial vascularization and functioning. Two studies revealed HT disrupted vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) cell cycle by dephosphorylating ERK1/2 and AKT pathways. Therefore, HT was proven to promote endothelization and inhibit vascular SMCs migration thus hampering IH development. However, none of these studies described the effect of HT collectively in both vascular endothelial cells (EC) and SMCs in IH ex vivo model. Conclusions: Evidence from this concise review provides an insight on HT regulation of molecular pathways in reendothelization and inhibition of VSMCs migration. Henceforth, we propose effect of HT on IH prevention could be further elucidated through in vivo and ex vivo model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubashini Vijakumaran
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ruszymah Bt Hj Idrus
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ramzisham Abdul Rahman
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Sulaiman
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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