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Polemiti E, Hese S, Schepanski K, Yuan J, Schumann G. How does the macroenvironment influence brain and behaviour-a review of current status and future perspectives. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02557-x. [PMID: 38658771 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02557-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The environment influences brain and mental health, both detrimentally and beneficially. Existing research has emphasised the individual psychosocial 'microenvironment'. Less attention has been paid to 'macroenvironmental' challenges, including climate change, pollution, urbanicity, and socioeconomic disparity. Notably, the implications of climate and pollution on brain and mental health have only recently gained prominence. With the advent of large-scale big-data cohorts and an increasingly dense mapping of macroenvironmental parameters, we are now in a position to characterise the relation between macroenvironment, brain, and behaviour across different geographic and cultural locations globally. This review synthesises findings from recent epidemiological and neuroimaging studies, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing evidence between the macroenvironment and the structure and functions of the brain, with a particular emphasis on its implications for mental illness. We discuss putative underlying mechanisms and address the most common exposures of the macroenvironment. Finally, we identify critical areas for future research to enhance our understanding of the aetiology of mental illness and to inform effective interventions for healthier environments and mental health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli Polemiti
- Centre of Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sören Hese
- Institute of Geography, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Jiacan Yuan
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & Institute of Atmospheric Sciences & CMA-FDU Joint Laboratory of Marine Meteorology & IRDR-ICOE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre of Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Mieda T, Yoshino S, Oshio A. Association Between Individual Differences in Dichotomous Thinking and Current and Childhood High-Crime Environments. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 21:14747049231218726. [PMID: 38062631 PMCID: PMC10710117 DOI: 10.1177/14747049231218726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The way people perceive the things around them is closely related to living in a complex and challenging social environment. Dichotomous thinking (preference for dichotomy, dichotomous belief, and profit-and-loss thinking), which classifies things in a simple way, can be useful in dangerous and resource-limited environments. However, based on prior studies, people's manner of perceiving things may have developed as a response to the harshness of their childhood environment, and may not be related to their current environment. Therefore, we examined the relationship between individual differences in dichotomous thinking and high-crime environments as indicators of environmental harshness. We assessed dichotomous thinking in 41,284 Japanese residents using large-scale data from the Human Information Database FY19 compiled by NTT DATA Institute of Management Consulting, Inc. The fixed effects regression model showed that, after controlling for age, high-crime environment of the residents' childhood was associated with dichotomous thinking, with the exception of dichotomous belief. On the other hand, their current environment of crime was not associated. In sum, our research suggests that people's dichotomous thinking tendency may be a form of adaptation to the harshness of their childhood environment rather than their current one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Mieda
- School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shinya Yoshino
- Faculty of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Oshio
- Faculty of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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Mentxaka O, Recio-Barbero M, Arana-Arri E, Segarra R. Violence in first-episode psychosis: evidence from an early intervention in psychosis programme. BJPsych Open 2023; 9:e172. [PMID: 37724609 PMCID: PMC10594161 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2023.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic disorders are frequently associated with a public perception of dangerousness and belligerence. This situation has contributed to the social stigmatisation of people with severe mental illness and the resulting discrimination that this scenario entails. Despite efforts to demystify such disorders, the association between violent behaviour and psychosis remains unclear. AIMS To explore the incidence of the main types of violent offences in a cohort of patients presenting with first-episode psychosis (FEP). METHOD Participants were recruited from the First Episode Psychosis Intervention Program (CRUPEP) cohort between 2009 and 2016. The main clinical variables were collected, including medical-forensic records of participants registered at the Basque Institute of Forensic Medicine (BIFM), to identify any violent acts in which participants were involved, either as victims or as offenders. RESULTS Overall, 79.5% (n = 182) of the participants had no record of violent crime or offence recorded in the BIFM. Annual crime rates for the 2009-2016 period show a decreasing trend in both the general population (IRR = 0.981, 95% CI 0.978-0.983, P < 0.001) and in the FEP group (IRR = 0.019, 95% CI 0.012-0.028, P < 0.001); this pattern is more pronounced in the FEP group. Victimisation accounted for the vast majority of reported incidents; nevertheless, participants who had committed violent offences were mostly involved in intrafamily violence. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with FEP were not involved in a higher number of crimes than the general population. The types of violent acts committed by people with FEP were heterogeneous, with extreme violence being particularly uncommon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oihane Mentxaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain; Early Stages of Psychosis Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; and Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - María Recio-Barbero
- Early Stages of Psychosis Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; and Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Segarra
- Department of Psychiatry, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain; Early Stages of Psychosis Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Blonigen DM, Smith JS, Javier S, Cucciare MA, Timko C, Nevedal AL, Filice N, Rosenthal J, Smelson D. Implementation Potential of Moral Reconation Therapy for Criminal Recidivism in Mental Health Residential Programs. Psychiatr Serv 2022; 73:856-863. [PMID: 35080418 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.202100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Criminal recidivism is common among patients in mental health residential treatment programs. Moral reconation therapy (MRT) has empirical support for reducing criminal recidivism by modifying antisocial cognitions and behaviors; however, its implementation potential in noncorrectional settings has been rarely studied. This potential was examined in a three-site effectiveness-implementation trial of MRT for justice-involved veterans receiving residential mental health treatment in the U.S. Veterans Health Administration. METHODS Semistructured interviews were conducted with 36 veterans who received MRT and 13 residential program staff who were involved in its implementation during the trial. Interviews were guided by the RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) framework and a focus on patient engagement and context. Content analysis was used to identify facilitators of and barriers to MRT implementation in residential mental health treatment. RESULTS Participants viewed MRT as unique and complementary to usual residential care, with benefits beyond recidivism reduction. However, time intensity of the MRT curriculum, challenges in adapting its content and format, and long-term costs of maintaining MRT were viewed as barriers to implementation. To facilitate implementation, participants suggested streamlining the MRT curriculum, adding motivational components, and establishing partnerships in- and outside the health care system. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest strategies and modifications to MRT, which, if shown to be effective, may facilitate its wider implementation in mental health residential treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Blonigen
- Health Services Research and Development, Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (Blonigen, Smith, Javier, Timko, Nevedal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Blonigen, Timko) and Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research (Javier), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Center for Mental Healthcare and Outcomes Research, Central Arkansas Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, North Little Rock, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (Cucciare); Clinical Psychology Program, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, California (Filice); Veterans Justice Programs, Veterans Health Administration (VHA), Washington, D.C. (Rosenthal); Health Services Research and Development, Center for Health Care Organization and Implementation Research, Bedford VA Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts, and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester (Smelson)
| | - Jennifer S Smith
- Health Services Research and Development, Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (Blonigen, Smith, Javier, Timko, Nevedal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Blonigen, Timko) and Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research (Javier), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Center for Mental Healthcare and Outcomes Research, Central Arkansas Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, North Little Rock, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (Cucciare); Clinical Psychology Program, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, California (Filice); Veterans Justice Programs, Veterans Health Administration (VHA), Washington, D.C. (Rosenthal); Health Services Research and Development, Center for Health Care Organization and Implementation Research, Bedford VA Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts, and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester (Smelson)
| | - Sarah Javier
- Health Services Research and Development, Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (Blonigen, Smith, Javier, Timko, Nevedal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Blonigen, Timko) and Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research (Javier), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Center for Mental Healthcare and Outcomes Research, Central Arkansas Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, North Little Rock, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (Cucciare); Clinical Psychology Program, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, California (Filice); Veterans Justice Programs, Veterans Health Administration (VHA), Washington, D.C. (Rosenthal); Health Services Research and Development, Center for Health Care Organization and Implementation Research, Bedford VA Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts, and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester (Smelson)
| | - Michael A Cucciare
- Health Services Research and Development, Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (Blonigen, Smith, Javier, Timko, Nevedal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Blonigen, Timko) and Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research (Javier), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Center for Mental Healthcare and Outcomes Research, Central Arkansas Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, North Little Rock, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (Cucciare); Clinical Psychology Program, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, California (Filice); Veterans Justice Programs, Veterans Health Administration (VHA), Washington, D.C. (Rosenthal); Health Services Research and Development, Center for Health Care Organization and Implementation Research, Bedford VA Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts, and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester (Smelson)
| | - Christine Timko
- Health Services Research and Development, Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (Blonigen, Smith, Javier, Timko, Nevedal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Blonigen, Timko) and Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research (Javier), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Center for Mental Healthcare and Outcomes Research, Central Arkansas Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, North Little Rock, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (Cucciare); Clinical Psychology Program, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, California (Filice); Veterans Justice Programs, Veterans Health Administration (VHA), Washington, D.C. (Rosenthal); Health Services Research and Development, Center for Health Care Organization and Implementation Research, Bedford VA Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts, and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester (Smelson)
| | - Andrea L Nevedal
- Health Services Research and Development, Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (Blonigen, Smith, Javier, Timko, Nevedal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Blonigen, Timko) and Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research (Javier), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Center for Mental Healthcare and Outcomes Research, Central Arkansas Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, North Little Rock, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (Cucciare); Clinical Psychology Program, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, California (Filice); Veterans Justice Programs, Veterans Health Administration (VHA), Washington, D.C. (Rosenthal); Health Services Research and Development, Center for Health Care Organization and Implementation Research, Bedford VA Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts, and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester (Smelson)
| | - Nicholas Filice
- Health Services Research and Development, Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (Blonigen, Smith, Javier, Timko, Nevedal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Blonigen, Timko) and Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research (Javier), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Center for Mental Healthcare and Outcomes Research, Central Arkansas Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, North Little Rock, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (Cucciare); Clinical Psychology Program, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, California (Filice); Veterans Justice Programs, Veterans Health Administration (VHA), Washington, D.C. (Rosenthal); Health Services Research and Development, Center for Health Care Organization and Implementation Research, Bedford VA Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts, and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester (Smelson)
| | - Joel Rosenthal
- Health Services Research and Development, Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (Blonigen, Smith, Javier, Timko, Nevedal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Blonigen, Timko) and Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research (Javier), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Center for Mental Healthcare and Outcomes Research, Central Arkansas Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, North Little Rock, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (Cucciare); Clinical Psychology Program, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, California (Filice); Veterans Justice Programs, Veterans Health Administration (VHA), Washington, D.C. (Rosenthal); Health Services Research and Development, Center for Health Care Organization and Implementation Research, Bedford VA Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts, and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester (Smelson)
| | - David Smelson
- Health Services Research and Development, Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California (Blonigen, Smith, Javier, Timko, Nevedal); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Blonigen, Timko) and Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research (Javier), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Center for Mental Healthcare and Outcomes Research, Central Arkansas Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, North Little Rock, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock (Cucciare); Clinical Psychology Program, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, California (Filice); Veterans Justice Programs, Veterans Health Administration (VHA), Washington, D.C. (Rosenthal); Health Services Research and Development, Center for Health Care Organization and Implementation Research, Bedford VA Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts, and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester (Smelson)
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Resource scarcity compromises explore-exploit decision-making. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Barch DM, Donohue MR, Elsayed NM, Gilbert K, Harms MP, Hennefield L, Herzberg M, Kandala S, Karcher NR, Jackson JJ, Luking KR, Rappaport BI, Sanders A, Taylor R, Tillman R, Vogel AC, Whalen D, Luby JL. Early Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Cognitive and Adaptive Outcomes at the Transition to Adulthood: The Mediating Role of Gray Matter Development Across Five Scan Waves. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:34-44. [PMID: 34273554 PMCID: PMC8917509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with poor outcomes in childhood, many of which endure into adulthood. It is critical to determine how early low SES relates to trajectories of brain development and whether these mediate relationships to poor outcomes. We use data from a unique 17-year longitudinal study with five waves of structural brain imaging to prospectively examine relationships between preschool SES and cognitive, social, academic, and psychiatric outcomes in early adulthood. METHODS Children (n = 216, 50% female, 47.2% non-White) were recruited from a study of early onset depression and followed approximately annually. Family income-to-needs ratios (SES) were assessed when children were ages 3 to 5 years. Volumes of cortical gray and white matter and subcortical gray matter collected across five scan waves were processed using the FreeSurfer Longitudinal pipeline. When youth were ages 16+ years, cognitive function was assessed using the NIH Toolbox, and psychiatric diagnoses, high-risk behaviors, educational function, and social function were assessed using clinician administered and parent/youth report measures. RESULTS Lower preschool SES related to worse cognitive, high-risk, educational, and social outcomes (|standardized B| = 0.20-0.31, p values < .003). Lower SES was associated with overall lower cortical (standardized B = 0.12, p < .0001) and subcortical gray matter (standardized B = 0.17, p < .0001) volumes, as well as a shallower slope of subcortical gray matter growth over time (standardized B = 0.04, p = .012). Subcortical gray matter mediated the relationship of preschool SES to cognition and high-risk behaviors. CONCLUSIONS These novel longitudinal data underscore the key role of brain development in understanding the long-lasting relations of early low SES to outcomes in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M Barch
- Departments of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Meghan Rose Donohue
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nourhan M Elsayed
- Departments of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kirsten Gilbert
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael P Harms
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Laura Hennefield
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Max Herzberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sridhar Kandala
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nicole R Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joshua J Jackson
- Departments of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Katherine R Luking
- Departments of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Brent I Rappaport
- Departments of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ashley Sanders
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Rita Taylor
- Departments of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Rebecca Tillman
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Alecia C Vogel
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Diana Whalen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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Goodman AC, Ouellette RR, D'Agostino EM, Hansen E, Lee T, Frazier SL. Promoting healthy trajectories for urban middle school youth through county-funded, parks-based after-school programming. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 49:2795-2817. [PMID: 33914915 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing pressure for public schools to prioritize academics has increased attention on after-school settings as a critical space for social-emotional learning (SEL). After-school programs are uniquely positioned to build protective and promotive factors that contribute to positive future orientation, especially within communities where systemic inequities create barriers to high school graduation, higher education, employment, and earnings. This study examines Fit2Lead Youth Enrichment and Sports (YES), a county-funded, parks-based after-school collaboration for middle schoolers that merges mental health and recreation to promote healthy trajectories. Eight Miami neighborhood parks were selected based on county data indicating high rates of violence. An open trial design (N = 9 parks, 198 youth; ages 9-15; 40.5% female; 66.5% Black/African American, 24.9% Hispanic/Latinx, and 76.3% low-income) tested hypotheses that participation for adolescents exposed to community violence would disrupt a commonly reported decline in self-regulation and self-efficacy, and mitigate risk for anxiety and depression. Youth completed questionnaires at the beginning and end of one school year. Paired t-tests revealed no changes from pre to post, and no differences by baseline levels of youth and parent mental health. Findings highlight the promise of prevention programs to disrupt downward trajectories for youth during the risky time of early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison C Goodman
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Rachel R Ouellette
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Emily M D'Agostino
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, and Department of Population Health Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Miami-Dade County Department of Parks, Recreation and Open Spaces, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Eric Hansen
- Miami-Dade County Department of Parks, Recreation and Open Spaces, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Theodore Lee
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Stacy L Frazier
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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Barch DM, Shirtcliff EA, Elsayed NM, Whalen D, Gilbert K, Vogel AC, Tillman R, Luby JL. Testosterone and hippocampal trajectories mediate relationship of poverty to emotion dysregulation and depression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:22015-22023. [PMID: 32839328 PMCID: PMC7486761 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004363117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is robust evidence that early poverty is associated with poor developmental outcomes, including impaired emotion regulation and depression. However, the specific mechanisms that mediate this risk are less clear. Here we test the hypothesis that one pathway involves hormone mechanisms (testosterone and DHEA) that contribute to disruption of hippocampal brain development, which in turn contributes to perturbed emotion regulation and subsequent risk for depression. To do so, we used data from 167 children participating in the Preschool Depression Study, a longitudinal study that followed children from preschool (ages 3 to 5 y) to late adolescence, and which includes prospective assessments of poverty in preschool, measures of testosterone, DHEA, and hippocampal volume across school age and adolescence, and measures of emotion regulation and depression in adolescence. Using multilevel modeling and linear regression, we found that early poverty predicted shallower increases of testosterone, but not DHEA, across development, which in turn predicted shallower trajectories of hippocampal development. Further, we found that early poverty predicted both impaired emotion regulation and depression. The relationship between early poverty and self-reported depression in adolescence was explained by serial mediation through testosterone to hippocampus to emotion dysregulation. There were no significant interactions with sex. These results provide evidence about a hormonal pathway by which early poverty may contribute to disrupted brain development and risk for mental health problems later in life. Identification of such pathways provide evidence for potential points of intervention that might help mitigate the impact of early adversity on brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130;
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | | | - Nourhan M Elsayed
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Diana Whalen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Kirsten Gilbert
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Alecia C Vogel
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Rebecca Tillman
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
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Chang SAA, Baskin-Sommers A. Living in a Disadvantaged Neighborhood Affects Neural Processing of Facial Trustworthiness. Front Psychol 2020; 11:409. [PMID: 32273859 PMCID: PMC7115212 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neighborhood disorder (i.e., physical or social decay) is associated with decreased trust, which reinforces criminal behavior among some individuals in these communities. However, past research largely is descriptive and has not measured processes underlying trust. Using behavioral and neural indices [the late positive potential (LPP), a marker of salience elaboration] in a sample of adults (N = 55), we examined the association between perceived neighborhood disorder and facial trustworthiness perception as well as the potential moderating role of trustworthiness perception on the association between PND and criminal behavior. Individuals with higher perceived neighborhood disorder displayed less LPP differentiation between untrustworthy and trustworthy faces. Moreover, individuals with higher perceived neighborhood disorder and less LPP differentiation were less likely to commit a variety of crimes, whereas those with higher perceptions of neighborhood disorder and high LPP differentiation were more likely to commit a variety of crimes. Combined, these findings suggest that similarly processing trustworthy and untrustworthy faces, as indexed by less LPP differentiation, may reflect an adaptation among those with higher perceived neighborhood disorder that mitigates against deviant behavior and contacts with the law. Understanding the intersection between neighborhood characteristics and individual-level cognitive-affective processing may provide insight into what shapes beliefs and behaviors about important social information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-An A Chang
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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Barch DM, Belden AC, Tillman R, Whalen D, Luby JL. Early Childhood Adverse Experiences, Inferior Frontal Gyrus Connectivity, and the Trajectory of Externalizing Psychopathology. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 57:183-190. [PMID: 29496127 PMCID: PMC5836492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked to the development of both internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. In our prior work, we found that ACEs predicted reductions in the volume of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), a brain region important for impulse control and emotion regulation. Here we tested the hypothesis that ACEs might influence child behavioral outcomes through an impact on IFG functional connectivity, which may influence impulsive or risk-taking behavior. METHOD We examined the effects of prospectively assessed ACEs on IFG connectivity in childhood, and their relationship to the trajectory of subsequent psychopathology from late school age and early adolescence, using data from an 11-year longitudinal study of children starting in preschool that included 3 waves of resting state functional connectivity across childhood and early adolescence. RESULTS ACEs predicted functional connectivity of both left and right IFG. Multi-level modeling of symptoms across 3 waves of assessments indicated that more ACEs predicted both internalizing and externalizing symptoms. However, altered IFG connectivity specifically predicted greater externalizing symptoms over time in middle childhood and early adolescence, as compared to internalizing symptoms. Longitudinal modeling indicating that the relationships between externalizing and functional connectivity were maintained across 3 waves of functional connectivity assessment. CONCLUSION These findings underscore the relationship of ACEs to later psychopathology, and suggest that connectivity of the IFG, a region known to play an important role in impulse control and emotion regulation, may play a key role in the risk trajectory of ACEs to externalizing problems. However, further work is needed to understand whether these relationships reflect a direct effect of ACEs or whether ACEs are a marker for other environmental or genetic factors that may also influence brain development and behavior.
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Valuri GM, Morgan F, Jablensky A, Morgan VA. Impact of social disadvantage and parental offending on rates of criminal offending among offspring of women with severe mental illness. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2017; 51:1032-1040. [PMID: 28093927 DOI: 10.1177/0004867416688099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children of parents with severe mental illness have an increased risk of offending. Studies suggest that risk factors such as parental offending and social disadvantage may be associated with the increased risk. This paper assesses the impact of these risk factors on offending rates in the offspring of women with severe mental illness compared to offspring of unaffected women. METHODS This is part of a longitudinal record-linked whole-population study of 467,945 children born in Western Australia from 1980 to 2001 to mothers with severe mental illness and mothers with no recorded psychiatric illness. These data were linked to Western Australia corrective services data producing a dataset of 12,999 people with at least one offence (3.7% of birth cohort). Cox proportional hazard was used to calculate incidence rate ratios of offspring offending. RESULTS The offending rate for offspring of mothers with severe mental illness (cases) was almost three times the rate for offspring of unaffected mothers (comparison) with an unadjusted incidence rate ratio of 2.75 (95% confidence interval: [2.58, 2.93]). Adjusting for sex, indigenous status, socio-economic status and geographical remoteness reduced the rate ratio by 24% to incidence rate ratio 2.10, 95% confidence interval: [1.97, 2.23]. Adjusting for parental offending further reduced the rate ratio by 23% to incidence rate ratio 1.62, 95% confidence interval: [1.52, 1.72]. The mean age at first recorded offence was significantly lower for cases compared to comparison offspring. CONCLUSION Children of mothers with a severe mental illness have a higher rate of offending than children of unaffected mothers, and social disadvantage and parental offending have a major impact on this rate. Services supporting these vulnerable children need to focus on improving the social environment in which they and their families live in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulietta Maria Valuri
- 1 Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Frank Morgan
- 2 School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Assen Jablensky
- 3 Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,4 Cooperative Research Centres for Mental Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Vera Anne Morgan
- 1 Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,3 Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Barch D, Pagliaccio D, Belden A, Harms MP, Gaffrey M, Sylvester C, Tillman R, Luby J. Effect of Hippocampal and Amygdala Connectivity on the Relationship Between Preschool Poverty and School-Age Depression. Am J Psychiatry 2016; 173:625-34. [PMID: 26771739 PMCID: PMC4932860 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15081014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, the authors tested the hypothesis that poverty experienced in early childhood, as measured by income-to-needs ratio, has an impact on functional brain connectivity at school age, which in turn mediates influences on child negative mood/depression. METHOD Participants were from a prospective longitudinal study of emotion development. Preschoolers 3-5 years of age were originally ascertained from primary care and day care sites in the St. Louis area and then underwent annual behavioral assessments for up to 12 years. Healthy preschoolers and those with a history of depression symptoms underwent neuroimaging at school age. Using functional MRI, the authors examined whole brain resting-state functional connectivity with the left and right hippocampus and amygdala. RESULTS Lower income-to-needs ratio at preschool age was associated with reduced connectivity between hippocampus and amygdala and a number of regions at school age, including the superior frontal cortex, lingual gyrus, posterior cingulate, and putamen. Lower income-to-needs ratio predicted greater negative mood/depression severity at school age, as did connectivity between the left hippocampus and the right superior frontal cortex and between the right amygdala and the right lingual gyrus. Connectivity mediated the relationship between income-to-needs ratio and negative mood/depression at the time of scanning. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that poverty in early childhood, as assessed by at least one measure, may influence the development of hippocampal and amygdala connectivity in a manner leading to negative mood symptoms during later childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110,Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110,Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130,The Program in Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130,Deanna M. Barch, Ph.D., Washington University, Department of Psychology, Box 1125, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Mo. 63130, Phone: 314-935-8729, Fax: 314-935-8790,
| | - David Pagliaccio
- The Program in Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Andy Belden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Michael P. Harms
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Michael Gaffrey
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Chad Sylvester
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Rebecca Tillman
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Joan Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110,Deanna M. Barch, Ph.D., Washington University, Department of Psychology, Box 1125, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Mo. 63130, Phone: 314-935-8729, Fax: 314-935-8790,
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Wilson C, Smith ME, Thompson E, Demro C, Kline E, Bussell K, Pitts SC, DeVylder J, Reeves G, Schiffman J. Context matters: The impact of neighborhood crime and paranoid symptoms on psychosis risk assessment. Schizophr Res 2016; 171:56-61. [PMID: 26777883 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Psychosis risk assessment measures probe for paranoid thinking, persecutory ideas of reference, and suspiciousness as part of a psychosis risk construct. However, in some cases, these symptoms may reflect a normative, realistic, and even adaptive response to environmental stressors rather than psychopathology. Neighborhood characteristics, dangerousness for instance, are linked to levels of fear and suspiciousness that can be theoretically unrelated to psychosis. Despite this potential confound, psychosis-risk assessments do not explicitly evaluate neighborhood factors that might (adaptively) increase suspiciousness. In such cases, interviewers run the risk of misinterpreting adaptive suspiciousness as a psychosis-risk symptom. Ultimately, the degree to which neighborhood factors contribute to psychosis-risk assessment remains unclear. The current study examined the relation between neighborhood crime and suspiciousness as measured by the SIPS among predominantly African American help-seeking adolescents (N=57) living in various neighborhoods in Baltimore City. Uniform Crime Reports, including violent and property crime for Baltimore City, were used to calculate a proxy of neighborhood crime. This crime index correlated with SIPS suspiciousness (r(55)=.32, p=.02). Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that increased neighborhood crime significantly predicted suspiciousness over and above the influence of the other SIPS positive symptoms in predicting suspiciousness. Findings suggest that neighborhood crime may in some cases account for suspiciousness ascertained as part of a psychosis risk assessment, and therefore sensitivity to contextual factors is important when evaluating risk for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Wilson
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Department of Human Services Psychology, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, United States
| | - Melissa Edmondson Smith
- University of Maryland, School of Social Work, 525 W. Redwood St., Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Elizabeth Thompson
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Department of Human Services Psychology, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, United States
| | - Caroline Demro
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Department of Human Services Psychology, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, United States
| | - Emily Kline
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Public Psychiatry, 75 Fenwood Road, 5th Floor, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Kristin Bussell
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 2120, United States
| | - Steven C Pitts
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Department of Human Services Psychology, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, United States
| | - Jordan DeVylder
- University of Maryland, School of Social Work, 525 W. Redwood St., Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Gloria Reeves
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Public Psychiatry, 75 Fenwood Road, 5th Floor, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Jason Schiffman
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Department of Human Services Psychology, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, United States.
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