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Deng L, Shi C, Li R, Zhang Y, Wang X, Cai G, Hong Q, Chen X. The mechanisms underlying Chinese medicines to treat inflammation in diabetic kidney disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118424. [PMID: 38844252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
ETHNIC PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the main cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which is a public health problem with a significant economic burden. Serious adverse effects, such as hypotension, hyperkalemia, and genitourinary infections, as well as increasing adverse cardiovascular events, limit the clinical application of available drugs. Plenty of randomized controlled trials(RCTs), meta-analysis(MAs) and systematic reviews(SRs) have demonstrated that many therapies that have been used for a long time in medical practice including Chinese patent medicines(CPMs), Chinese medicine prescriptions, and extracts are effective in alleviating DKD, but the mechanisms by which they work are still unknown. Currently, targeting inflammation is a central strategy in DKD drug development. In addition, many experimental studies have identified many Chinese medicine prescriptions, medicinal herbs and extracts that have the potential to alleviate DKD. And part of the mechanisms by which they work have been uncovered. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This review aims to summarize therapies that have been proven effective by RCTs, MAs and SRs, including CPMs, Chinese medicine prescriptions, and extracts. This review also focuses on the efficiency and potential targets of Chinese medicine prescriptions, medicinal herbs and extracts discovered in experimental studies in improving immune inflammation in DKD. METHODS We searched for relevant scientific articles in the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. We summarized effective CPMs, Chinese medicine prescriptions, and extracts from RCTs, MAs and SRs. We elaborated the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms by which Chinese medicine prescriptions, medicinal herbs and extracts alleviate inflammation in DKD according to different experimental studies. RESULTS After overviewing plenty of RCTs with the low hierarchy of evidence and MAs and SRs with strong heterogeneity, we still found that CPMs, Chinese medicine prescriptions, and extracts exerted promising protective effects against DKD. However, there is insufficient evidence to prove the safety of Chinese medicines. As for experimental studies, Experiments in vitro and in vivo jointly demonstrated the efficacy of Chinese medicines(Chinese medicine prescriptions, medicinal herbs and extracts) in DKD treatment. Chinese medicines were able to regulate signaling pathways to improve inflammation in DKD, such as toll-like receptors, NLRP3 inflammasome, Nrf2 signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, JAK-STAT, and AGE/RAGE. CONCLUSION Chinese medicines (Chinese medicine prescriptions, medicinal herbs and extracts) can improve inflammation in DKD. For drugs that are effective in RCTs, the underlying bioactive components or extracts should be identified and isolated. Attention should be given to their safety and pharmacokinetics. Acute, subacute, and subchronic toxicity studies should be designed to determine the magnitude and tolerability of side effects in humans or animals. For drugs that have been proven effective in experimental studies, RCTs should be designed to provide reliable evidence for clinical translation. In a word, Chinese medicines targeting immune inflammation in DKD are a promising direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchen Deng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, P.R. China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Chunru Shi
- The College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Run Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, P.R. China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Quan Hong
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, P.R. China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Liu Y, Wang W, Zhang J, Gao S, Xu T, Yin Y. JAK/STAT signaling in diabetic kidney disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1233259. [PMID: 37635867 PMCID: PMC10450957 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1233259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most important microvascular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of the transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway, which is out of balance in the context of DKD, acts through a range of metabolism-related cytokines and hormones. JAK/STAT is the primary signaling node in the progression of DKD. The latest research on JAK/STAT signaling helps determine the role of this pathway in the factors associated with DKD progression. These factors include the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), fibrosis, immunity, inflammation, aging, autophagy, and EMT. This review epitomizes the progress in understanding the complicated explanation of the etiologies of DKD and the role of the JAK/STAT pathway in the progression of DKD and discusses whether it can be a potential target for treating DKD. It further summarizes the JAK/STAT inhibitors, natural products, and other drugs that are promising for treating DKD and discusses how these inhibitors can alleviate DKD to explore possible potential drugs that will contribute to formulating effective treatment strategies for DKD in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Liu
- Clinical Medicine Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenkuan Wang
- Clinical Medicine Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- Clinical Medicine Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shuo Gao
- Clinical Medicine Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Clinical Medicine Department, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yonghui Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Su S, Ma Z, Wu H, Xu Z, Yi H. Oxidative stress as a culprit in diabetic kidney disease. Life Sci 2023; 322:121661. [PMID: 37028547 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has become the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and the prevalence of DKD has increased worldwide during recent years. DKD is associated with poor therapeutic outcomes in most patients, but there is limited understanding of its pathogenesis. This review suggests that oxidative stress interacts with many other factors in causing DKD. Highly active mitochondria and NAD(P)H oxidase are major sources of oxidants, and they significantly affect the risk for DKD. Oxidative stress and inflammation may be considered reciprocal causes of DKD, in that each is a cause and an effect of DKD. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can act as second messengers in various signaling pathways and as regulators of metabolism, activation, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of immune cells. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs can modulate oxidative stress. The development of new technologies and identification of new epigenetic mechanisms may provide novel opportunities for the diagnosis and treatment of DKD. Clinical trials demonstrated that novel therapies which reduce oxidative stress can slow the progression of DKD. These therapies include the NRF2 activator bardoxolone methyl, new blood glucose-lowering drugs such as sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. Future studies should focus on improving early diagnosis and the development of more effective combination treatments for this multifactorial disease.
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Hu Q, Chen Y, Deng X, Li Y, Ma X, Zeng J, Zhao Y. Diabetic nephropathy: Focusing on pathological signals, clinical treatment, and dietary regulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114252. [PMID: 36641921 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most severe complications of diabetes. However, due to its complex pathological mechanisms, no effective therapeutic methods (other than ACEIs and ARBs) have been applied, which have been used for many years in clinical practice. Recent studies have shown that emerging therapeutics, including novel target-based pharmacotherapy, cell therapies, and dietary regulation, are leading to new hopes for DN management. This review aims to shed new light on the treatment of DN by describing the important pathological mechanisms of DN and by analysing recent advances in clinical treatment, including drug therapy, cell therapy, and dietary regulation. In pathological mechanisms, RAAS activation, AGE accumulation, and EMT are involved in inflammation, cellular stress, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy. In pharmacotherapy, several new therapeutics, including SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists, and MRAs, are receiving public attention. In addition, stem cell therapies and dietary regulation are also being emphasized. Herein, we highlight the importance of combining therapy and dietary regulation in the treatment of DN and anticipate more basic research or clinical trials to verify novel strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xinyu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yubing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
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Chen J, Liu Q, He J, Li Y. Immune responses in diabetic nephropathy: Pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic target. Front Immunol 2022; 13:958790. [PMID: 36045667 PMCID: PMC9420855 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.958790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic, inflammatory disease affecting millions of diabetic patients worldwide. DN is associated with proteinuria and progressive slowing of glomerular filtration, which often leads to end-stage kidney diseases. Due to the complexity of this metabolic disorder and lack of clarity about its pathogenesis, it is often more difficult to diagnose and treat than other kidney diseases. Recent studies have highlighted that the immune system can inadvertently contribute to DN pathogenesis. Cells involved in innate and adaptive immune responses can target the kidney due to increased expression of immune-related localization factors. Immune cells then activate a pro-inflammatory response involving the release of autocrine and paracrine factors, which further amplify inflammation and damage the kidney. Consequently, strategies to treat DN by targeting the immune responses are currently under study. In light of the steady rise in DN incidence, this timely review summarizes the latest findings about the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of DN and discusses promising preclinical and clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jinhan He
- *Correspondence: Jinhan He, ; Yanping Li,
| | - Yanping Li
- *Correspondence: Jinhan He, ; Yanping Li,
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Ren Y, Xie W, Yang S, Jiang Y, Wu D, Zhang H, Sheng S. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibits inflammation and apoptosis in high glucose-stimulated microvascular endothelial cell damage by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10802-10810. [PMID: 35475417 PMCID: PMC9208467 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2065760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence supports that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) may exert a vital function in multiple complications induced by diabetes. The aim of this research was to verify the function of ACE2 in diabetic angiopathy (DA). In our study, it was revealed that high glucose (HG) treatment impeded cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, ACE2 level was reduced in HG-stimulated HMEC-1 cells. Functional assays demonstrated that ACE2 addition promoted cell viability, suppressed apoptosis, oxidative stress, ROS generation, and inflammation in HG-stimulated HMEC-1 cells. Furthermore, the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway induced by HG was impeded by overexpression of ACE2. Besides, JAK2/STAT3 pathway inhibitor AG490 reversed the changes of cell viability, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation caused by ACE2 deletion in HG-treated HMEC-1 cells. In sum, our findings highlighted that ACE2 promoted the viability and restrained the oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in HG-induced microvascular endothelial cells (VECs) injury via regulating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, suggesting ACE2 might be a potential therapeutic target for DA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Danni Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiying Sheng
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Dai Y, Guo M, Jiang L, Gao J. Network pharmacology-based identification of miRNA expression of Astragalus membranaceus in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28747. [PMID: 35119030 PMCID: PMC8812605 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common microvascular complication of diabetic patients, along with hypertension, hyperlipemia, proteinuria, edema, and other clinical manifestations. Astragalus membranaceus (AM) is a traditional Chinese medicine and has shown significant clinical efficacy against DN. However, the overall molecular mechanism of this therapeutic effect has not been entirely elucidated. Using network pharmacology, we aimed to identify the key active ingredients and potential pharmacological mechanisms of AM in treating DN and provide scientific evidence of its clinical efficacy.The active ingredients of AM were obtained from the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database, and the potential targets of AM were identified using the therapeutic target database. DN-related target genes were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus microarray dataset GSE1009 and 3 widely used databases-DisGeNET, GeneCards, and Comparative Toxicogenomics Database. The DN-AM common target protein interaction network was established by using the STRING database. Active ingredients candidate targets proteins networks were constructed using Cytoscape software for visualization. Additionally, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analyses were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery database. Target-regulating microRNAs (miRNAs) of these hub genes were obtained from the therapeutic target database, which could then be used for further identification of AM-regulated key miRNAs.A total of 17 active ingredients and 214 target proteins were screened from AM. 61 candidate co-expressed genes with therapeutic effects against DN were obtained and considered as potential therapeutic targets. GO and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis showed that these genes were mainly involved in inflammatory response, angiogenesis, oxidative stress reaction, HIF signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, and VEGF signaling pathway. In all, 636 differentially expressed genes were identified between the DN patients and control group by using microarray data, GSE1009. Lastly, VEGFA, epidermal growth factor receptor, STAT1, and GJA1 were screened as hub genes. The relationships between miRNAs and hub genes were constructed, which showed that miR-302-3p, miR-372-3p, miR-373-3p, and miR-520-3p were regulated by VEGFA and epidermal growth factor receptor. Meanwhile, VEGFA also influenced miR-15-5p, miR-16-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-20-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-106-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-424-5p, miR-497-5p, and miR-519-3p. In addition, miR-1-3p and miR-206 were regulated by VEGFA and GJA1, and miR-23-3p was regulated by STAT1 and GJA1.To our knowledge, this study revealed for the first time the characteristic multiple components, multiple targets, and multiple pathways of AM that seem to be the underlying mechanisms of action of AM in the treatment of DN with respect to miRNAs.Private information from individuals will not be published. This systematic review also does not involve endangering participant rights. Ethical approval will not be required. The results may be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated at relevant conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaji Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mingfei Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiarong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
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In vivo and in vitro studies of Danzhi Jiangtang capsules against diabetic cardiomyopathy via TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 29:1432-1440. [PMID: 35002381 PMCID: PMC8720806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Danzhi Jiangtang capsule (DJC) is widely used for preventing and treating diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the underlying mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic activities are unclear. Methods In the in vivo diabetic cardiomyopathy rat model, cardiac function was measured through echocardiography, histological changes in the myocardium were visualized using HE staining, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected using TUNEL. The serum levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines were detected using ELISA. Finally, TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB mRNA expressions were analyzed using RT-qPCR. In the in vitro experiments, the apoptosis rate of the H9c2 cells was detected using FCM; moreover, TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB mRNA expressions were measured using RT-qPCR and related protein levels were investigated using Western blotting. Results In vivo, DJC effectively improved cardiac function, alleviated the pathological changes, and reduced the apoptosis rate. Moreover, DJC reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 activities, with significant inhibition of the TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB p65 mRNA expression. Moreover, in vitro, DJC effectively inhibited high-glucose-induced H9c2 apoptosis-an effect similar to that for TAK242. Finally, both the DJC and TAK242 considerably reduced TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, Bax, and caspase-3 protein expression but increased that of BCL-2. Conclusions DJC prevented the overactivation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and regulate cardiomyocyte apoptosis against DCM.
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Zhou XF, Zhou WE, Liu WJ, Luo MJ, Wu XQ, Wang Y, Liu P, Wen YM, Li JL, Zhao TT, Zhang HJ, Zhao HL, Li P. A Network Pharmacology Approach to Explore the Mechanism of HuangZhi YiShen Capsule for Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease. J Transl Int Med 2021; 9:98-113. [PMID: 34497749 PMCID: PMC8386324 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2021-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE HuangZhi YiShen Capsule (HZYS) is a Chinese patent herbal drug that protects kidney function in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) patients. However, the pharmacologic mechanisms of HZYS remain unclear. This study would use network pharmacology to explore the pharmacologic mechanisms of HZYS. METHODS Chemical constituents of HZYS were obtained through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database (TCMSP) and literature search. Potential targets of HZYS were identified by using the TCMSP and the SwissTarget Prediction databases. DKD-related target genes were collected by using the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, Therapeutic Target Database, GeneCards, DisGeNET, and Drugbank databases. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were carried out to further explore the mechanisms of HZYS in treating DKD. Molecular docking was conducted to verify the potential interactions between the prime compounds and the hub genes. RESULTS 179 active compounds and 620 target genes were obtained, and 571 common targets were considered potential therapeutic targets. The top 10 main active compounds of HZYS were heparin, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, methyl14-methylpentadecanoate, methyl (Z)-11-hexadecenoate, 17-hydroxycorticosterone, 4-pregnene-17α, 20β, 21-triol-3, 11-dione, wogonin, and hydroxyecdysone. Hub signaling pathways by which HZYS treating DKD were PI3K-Akt, MAPK, AGE-RAGE in diabetic complications, TNF, and apoptosis. The top 10 target genes associated with these pathways were IL6, MAPK1, AKT1, RELA, BCL2, JUN, MAPK3, MAP2K1, CASP3, and TNF. Quercetin and Luteolin were verified to have good binding capability with the hub potential targets IL6, MAPK1, AKT1 through molecular docking. CONCLUSION HZYS appeared to treat DKD by regulating the inflammatory, oxidative stress, apoptotic, and fibrosis signaling pathways. This study provided a novel perspective for further research of HZYS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Zhou
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing100029, China
| | - Wei-E Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing100029, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100730, China
| | - Wen-Jing Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing100029, China
| | - Min-Jing Luo
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing100029, China
| | - Xia-Qing Wu
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi710069, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing100029, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing100029, China
| | - Yu-Min Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing100029, China
| | - Jia-Lin Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing100029, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing100029, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing100029, China
| | - Hao-Jun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing100029, China
| | - Hai-Ling Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing100029, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing100029, China
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Zhang N, Zheng Q, Wang Y, Lin J, Wang H, Liu R, Yan M, Chen X, Yang J, Chen X. Renoprotective Effect of the Recombinant Anti-IL-6R Fusion Proteins by Inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Nephropathy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:681424. [PMID: 34054555 PMCID: PMC8155588 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.681424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy the main reason for end stage renal disease is a common microvascular complication in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The interleukin-6 (IL-6), acting as a pleiotropic cytokine, play key roles in main autoimmune disorders. The recombinant anti-IL-6R fusion proteins (VHH-0031) constructed and obtained in our lab is a dual target-directed single domain-based fusion protein against the interleukin-6 receptor. This study aims to explore the renoprotective effect of VHH-0031 in diabetic nephropathy. VHH-0031 treatment alleviated renal inflammation, morphologic injury and renal insufficiency in both Goto-Kakizaki rats and STZ-induced Sprague Dawley rats. These renoprotective effects of VHH-0031 are associated with alleviating inflammation and suppression of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. The mesangial cells treated with VHH-0031 exhibited anti-proliferation, anti-inflammation and inactivation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway under high glucose condition. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that VHH-0031 exhibited a potent protective effect in kidney of diabetic rats and its mechanism may be concerned with the inhibition of the IL-6R/JAK2/STAT3 pathway of glomerular mesangial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanwen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingmei Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yaduan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Juan Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - He Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mengru Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Juhua Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,School of Pharmacy, Department of Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaole Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,School of Pharmacy, Department of Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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11
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Guo J, Zheng HJ, Zhang W, Lou W, Xia C, Han XT, Huang WJ, Zhang F, Wang Y, Liu WJ. Accelerated Kidney Aging in Diabetes Mellitus. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1234059. [PMID: 32774664 PMCID: PMC7407029 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1234059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With aging, the kidney undergoes inexorable and progressive changes in structural and functional performance. These aging-related alterations are more obvious and serious in diabetes mellitus (DM). Renal accelerated aging under DM conditions is associated with multiple stresses such as accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), hypertension, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The main hallmarks of cellular senescence in diabetic kidneys include cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, telomere shortening, and diabetic nephropathy-associated secretory phenotype. Lysosome-dependent autophagy and antiaging proteins Klotho and Sirt1 play a fundamental role in the accelerated aging of kidneys in DM, among which the autophagy-lysosome system is the convergent mechanism of the multiple antiaging pathways involved in renal aging under DM conditions. Metformin and the inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 are recommended due to their antiaging effects independent of antihyperglycemia, besides angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers. Additionally, diet intervention including low protein and low AGEs with antioxidants are suggested for patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, their long-term benefits still need further study. Exploring the interactive relationships among antiaging protein Klotho, Sirt1, and autophagy-lysosome system may provide insight into better satisfying the urgent medical needs of elderly patients with aging-related DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hui Juan Zheng
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wenjiao Lou
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chenhui Xia
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xue Ting Han
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wei Jun Huang
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yaoxian Wang
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wei Jing Liu
- Renal Research Institution; Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Nephrology, and Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Medical University, No. 57th South Renmin Road, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
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12
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Fang Z, Hu X, Chen Z, Xie J, Wu D, Yin Y, You L. Radix pseudostellariae of Danzhi Jiangtang capsule relieves oxidative stress of vascular endothelium in diabetic macroangiopathy. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:683-691. [PMID: 32550799 PMCID: PMC7292866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Medicinal plants act as an alternative source of anti-diabetic agents. Recently, Danzhi Jiangtang capsule (DJC) has been clinically used for treatment of diabetes, but the effect of DJC on diabetic macroangiopathy remained unclear. The present study investigates the therapeutic role of DJC in diabetic macroangiopathy and elucidates the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Diabetes patients were treated with DJC for 20 weeks. Blood glucose and serum parameters (insulin, FFA, SOD, GSH-Px, MDA, NO) were determined before and after treatment. Streptozotocin -induced diabetic rat model and human HUVECs cells were applied to assess the anti-oxidative capacity of DJC and its bioactive constituents. The expression levels of eNOS, JNK, GRP78, CHOP, Bcl2, and BAX were measured by qPCR and/or immunoblotting. RESULTS Diabetic macroangiopathy were ameliorated by DJC administration. Radix pseudostellariae (RP) mediated the anti-oxidative stress capacity of DJC, which improved insulin resistance (p < 0.01) and relieved oxidative stress (p < 0.01) of vascular endothelium through oxidative stress signaling and apoptosis pathway. The ability of DJC to ameliorate diabetic macroangiopathy and relieve oxidative stress was mainly mediated by its bioactive constituent RP. CONCLUSION This study would provide experimental evidence for DJC in the prevention and treatment of diabetes and diabetic macroangiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Fang
- Department of Endocrine, the First Hospital Affiliated to Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 117 Meishan Road, Hefei 230038, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Academy of Science of Chinese Medicine, No. 117 Meishan Road, Hefei 230038, Anhui, China
| | - Xiu Hu
- Graduate Institute, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 103 Meishan Road Hefei 230038, Anhui, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Endocrine, Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 86 Jichuandong Road, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Graduate Institute, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 103 Meishan Road Hefei 230038, Anhui, China
| | - Di Wu
- Graduate Institute, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 103 Meishan Road Hefei 230038, Anhui, China
| | - Yundong Yin
- Graduate Institute, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 103 Meishan Road Hefei 230038, Anhui, China
| | - Liangzhen You
- Graduate Institute, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 103 Meishan Road Hefei 230038, Anhui, China
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13
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Rupatadine, a dual antagonist of histamine and platelet-activating factor (PAF), attenuates experimentally induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1487-1500. [PMID: 32200462 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01856-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of histamine and platelet activating factor (PAF) as involved mediators in the pathophysiology of diabetic complications, in particular diabetic nephropathy (DN), has become a new focus of concern. Accordingly, the present study designed to explore the effect of rupatadine (RUP), a dual antagonist of histamine (H1) and PAF, on the progression of experimentally induced DN in rats. Rats were divided into five groups: control, RUP alone, streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic model, STZ/RUP (3 mg/kg/day), and STZ/RUP (6 mg/kg/day). Treatment has continued for 4 weeks after diabetes confirmation. At the end of the study, serum was collected for measurement of glucose, insulin, urea, creatinine, histamine, and PAF. Renal tissue homogenates were prepared for measuring oxidative stress indices, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), cystatin C, and p21. Moreover, immunohistochemical expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and p53 along with histological pictures was also conducted. Antagonizing H1 and PAF receptors by RUP ameliorated the experimentally induced DN as evident by decreasing all serum parameters augmented by STZ together with improvement of the histopathological picture. RUP administration also improved oxidative-antioxidative agents with reduction in the anti-inflammatory marker, TNF-α. Additionally, the immunohistochemical expression of the fibrosis marker; TGF-β1, was also decreased. STZ-induced DN showed a p21/p53-dependent induction of premature senescence and RUP administration decreased the expression of p21 and p53 levels in injured renal tissue. RUP represents a novel promising drug to prevent DN complicated diabetes probably via its inhibitory effect on H1 and PAF receptors. The renal protection was also related to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant roles and PAF-facilitated senescence effect via p21/p53 signaling.
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14
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Lv N, Li C, Liu X, Qi C, Wang Z. miR-34b Alleviates High Glucose-Induced Inflammation and Apoptosis in Human HK-2 Cells via IL-6R/JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:8142-8151. [PMID: 31665127 PMCID: PMC6842269 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is well established that inflammation and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells caused by hyperglycemia contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Although microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to have roles in inflammation-related disorders, the exact role of miR-34b in DN has not been defined, and the regulatory mechanism has been unclear. This study aimed to clarify the role of miR-34b in DN pathogenesis. Material/Methods Expression of miR-34b, IL-6R, and other key factors of inflammation, apoptosis (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, caspase-3) in high glucose (HG)-induced HK-2 cells were measured by real-time PCR, Western blot, and flow cytometric cell apoptosis assays. We used luciferase reporter assay to detect the target of miR-34b. Moreover, the targeting gene of miR-34b and its downstream JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway were explored. Results It was demonstrated that miR-34b overexpression inhibited apoptosis and expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and caspase-3 in HG-treated HK-2 cells. We also found that IL-6R is a direct target of miR-34b, which could rescue inflammation and apoptosis in HG-treated HK-2 cells transfected with miR-34b mimic. Furthermore, we showed that overexpression of miR-34b inhibited the IL-6R/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in HG-treated HK-2 cells. Conclusions Our data suggest that overexpression of miR-34b improves inflammation and ameliorates apoptosis in HG-induced HK-2 cells via the IL-6R/JAK2/STAT3 pathway, indicating that miR-34b could be a promising therapeutic target in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Chunqing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Caihui Qi
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhenqing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shangdong, China (mainland)
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Mutavdzin S, Gopcevic K, Stankovic S, Jakovljevic Uzelac J, Labudovic Borovic M, Djuric D. The effect of folic acid administration on cardiac tissue matrix metalloproteinase activity and hepatorenal biomarkers in diabetic rats 1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:893-901. [PMID: 31295411 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that causes severe complications. Thus, the aims of this study were to investigate the influence of DM and folic acid treatment on liver and renal biomarkers, and heart remodeling through evaluation of cardiac matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. There were 4 groups: control (physiological saline 1 mL/kg, i.p., 28 days), DM (streptozotocin [STZ] 100 mg/kg in physiological saline, i.p., 1 day), folic acid (FA; 5 mg/kg, i.p., 28 days), and DM+FA (STZ 100 mg/kg, i.p., 1 day and folic acid 5 mg/kg, i.p., 28 days). Our results demonstrated increased aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activity, urea and creatinine concentration, and decreased albumin and fibrinogen concentration in the DM group. MMP-2 relative activity was elevated in the DM and FA groups; MMP-9 was decreased in the DM and increased in the FA group. The folic acid treatment of diabetic rats did not change aminotransferase activity; it alleviated the increase in alkaline phosphatase and the decrease in albumin and fibrinogen concentration, and reduced MMP-2 activity; however, it increased urea and creatinine concentration. In conclusion, folic acid treatment of diabetic rats has cardio- and hepato-protective effects. However, its dosing should be carefully considered because of possible renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavica Mutavdzin
- Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kristina Gopcevic
- Institute of Chemistry in Medicine "Prof. Dr. Petar Matavulj", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Stankovic
- Centre of Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Jakovljevic Uzelac
- Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Labudovic Borovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology "Aleksandar Dj. Kostic", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Djuric
- Institute of Medical Physiology "Richard Burian", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway protects mice from the DDP-induced acute kidney injury in lung cancer. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:751-760. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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