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Linn AR, Dubois MM, Steenhoff AP. Under-Reporting of Tuberculosis Disease among Children and Adolescents in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:300. [PMID: 37368718 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8060300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Under-reporting of tuberculosis (TB) disease in children and adolescents is a significant global concern, as many children are missing from TB notification data. A systematic literature review was conducted to understand the global reporting gap of child and adolescent TB as well as current interventions to close this gap in Low- and Middle- Income Countries (LMIC). Our study found large and variable gaps in child and adolescent TB reporting, due to various factors. Interventions to close this gap exist but are limited. Future studies are necessary to improve global surveillance systems to improve TB care delivery for children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R Linn
- Global Health Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia & Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Melanie M Dubois
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrew P Steenhoff
- Global Health Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia & Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Yu S, Sohn H, Kim HY, Kim H, Oh KH, Kim HJ, Chung H, Choi H. Evaluating the impact of the nationwide public-private mix (PPM) program for tuberculosis under National Health Insurance in South Korea: A difference in differences analysis. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003717. [PMID: 34260579 PMCID: PMC8318235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public-private mix (PPM) programs on tuberculosis (TB) have a critical role in engaging and integrating the private sector into the national TB control efforts in order to meet the End TB Strategy targets. South Korea's PPM program can provide important insights on the long-term impact and policy gaps in the development and expansion of PPM as a nationwide program. METHODS AND FINDINGS Healthcare is privatized in South Korea, and a majority (80.3% in 2009) of TB patients sought care in the private sector. Since 2009, South Korea has rapidly expanded its PPM program coverage under the National Health Insurance (NHI) scheme as a formal national program with dedicated PPM nurses managing TB patients in both the private and public sectors. Using the difference in differences (DID) analytic framework, we compared relative changes in TB treatment outcomes-treatment success (TS) and loss to follow-up (LTFU)-in the private and public sector between the 2009 and 2014 TB patient cohorts. Propensity score matching (PSM) using the kernel method was done to adjust for imbalances in the covariates between the 2 population cohorts. The 2009 cohort included 6,195 (63.0% male, 37.0% female; mean age: 42.1) and 27,396 (56.1% male, 43.9% female; mean age: 45.7) TB patients in the public and private sectors, respectively. The 2014 cohort included 2,803 (63.2% male, 36.8% female; mean age: 50.1) and 29,988 (56.5% male, 43.5% female; mean age: 54.7) patients. In both the private and public sectors, the proportion of patients with transfer history decreased (public: 23.8% to 21.7% and private: 20.8% to 17.6%), and bacteriological confirmed disease increased (public: 48.9% to 62.3% and private: 48.8% to 58.1%) in 2014 compared to 2009. After expanding nationwide PPM, absolute TS rates improved by 9.10% (87.5% to 93.4%) and by 13.6% (from 70.3% to 83.9%) in the public and private sectors. Relative to the public, the private saw 4.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.9% to 5.3%, p-value < 0.001) and -8.7% (95% CI -9.7% to -7.7%, p-value <0.001) higher rates of improvement in TS and reduction in LTFU. Treatment outcomes did not improve in patients who experienced at least 1 transfer during their TB treatment. Study limitations include non-longitudinal nature of our original dataset, inability to assess the regional disparities, and verify PPM program's impact on TB mortality. CONCLUSIONS We found that the nationwide scale-up of the PPM program was associated with improvements in TB treatment outcomes in the private sector in South Korea. Centralized financial governance and regulatory mechanisms were integral in facilitating the integration of highly diverse South Korean private sector into the national TB control program and scaling up of the PPM intervention nationwide. However, TB care gaps continued to exist for patients who transferred at least once during their treatment. These programmatic gaps may be improved through reducing administrative hurdles and making programmatic amendments that can help facilitate management TB patients between institutions and healthcare sectors, as well as across administrative regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Yu
- Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Korean National Tuberculosis Association, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- School of Health Policy & Management, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojoon Sohn
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hae-Young Kim
- School of Health Policy & Management, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Korean National Tuberculosis Association, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyung-Hyun Oh
- Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Korean National Tuberculosis Association, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- End TB and Leprosy Unit, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Korean National Tuberculosis Association, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Haejoo Chung
- School of Health Policy & Management, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongjo Choi
- Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Korean National Tuberculosis Association, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Assessing the Quality of Reporting to China's National TB Surveillance Systems. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052264. [PMID: 33668804 PMCID: PMC7956775 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The reliability of disease surveillance may be restricted by sensitivity or ability to capture all disease. Objective: To quantify under-reporting and concordance of recording persons with tuberculosis (TB) in national TB surveillance systems: the Infectious Disease Reporting System (IDRS) and Tuberculosis Information Management System (TBIMS). (2) Methods: This retrospective review includes 4698 patients identified in 2016 in China. County staff linked TB patients identified from facility-specific health and laboratory information systems with records in IDRS and TBIMS. Under-reporting was calculated, and timeliness, concordance, accuracy, and completeness were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with under-reporting. (3) Results: We found that 505 (10.7%) patients were missing within IDRS and 1451 (30.9%) patients were missing within TBIMS. Of 171 patient records reviewed in IDRS and 170 patient records in TBIMS, 12.3% and 6.5% were found to be untimely, and 10.7% and 7.1% were found to have an inconsistent home address. The risk of under-reporting to both IDRS and TBIMS was greatest at tertiary health facilities and among non-residents; the risk of under-reporting to TBIMS was greatest with patients aged 65 or older and with extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). (4) Conclusions: It is important to improve the reporting and recording of TB patients. Local TB programs that focus on training, and mentoring high-burden hospitals, facilities that cater to EPTB, and migrant patients may improve reporting and recording.
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Fatima R, Yaqoob A, Qadeer E, Hinderaker SG, Ikram A, Sismanidis C. Measuring and addressing the childhood tuberculosis reporting gaps in Pakistan: The first ever national inventory study among children. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0227186. [PMID: 31887208 PMCID: PMC6936771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis in children may be difficult to diagnose and is often not reported to routine surveillance systems. Understanding and addressing the tuberculosis (TB) case detection and reporting gaps strengthens national routine TB surveillance systems. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to measure the percentage of childhood TB cases that are diagnosed but not reported to the national surveillance system in Pakistan. DESIGN The study design was cross sectional. The study was nationwide in 12 selected districts across Pakistan, each representing a cluster. Health facilities that diagnose and treat childhood TB from all sectors were mapped and invited to participate. Lists of child TB cases were created for the study period (April-June 2016) from all study facilities and compared against the list of child TB cases notified to the national TB surveillance system for the same districts and the same period. RESULTS All public and private health facilities were mapped across 12 sampled districts in Pakistan and those providing health services to child TB cases were included in the study. From all private health facilities, 7,125 children were found with presumptive TB during the study period. Of them, 5,258 were diagnosed with tuberculosis: 11% were bacteriologically-confirmed and 89% clinically-diagnosed; only 4% were notified to National TB Control Program. An additional 1,267 children with TB were also registered in the National TB Control Program. Underreporting was measured to be 78%. CONCLUSION This is the first nationwide childhood TB inventory study globally and confirmed that childhood TB underreporting is very high in Pakistan. TB surveillance in the country must be strengthened to address this, with particular attention to guiding and supporting general practitioners and pediatricians to notify their TB cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razia Fatima
- Common Management Unit (HIV/AIDS, TB & Malaria), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aashifa Yaqoob
- Common Management Unit (HIV/AIDS, TB & Malaria), Islamabad, Pakistan
- University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Ejaz Qadeer
- Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Aamer Ikram
- Common Management Unit (HIV/AIDS, TB & Malaria), Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Uplekar M, Atre S, Wells WA, Weil D, Lopez R, Migliori GB, Raviglione M. Mandatory tuberculosis case notification in high tuberculosis-incidence countries: policy and practice. Eur Respir J 2016; 48:1571-1581. [PMID: 27824601 PMCID: PMC5898941 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00956-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mandatory tuberculosis (TB) notification is an important policy under the End TB Strategy, but little is known about its enforcement especially in high TB incidence countries. We undertook a literature search for selected high-incidence countries, followed by a questionnaire-based survey among key informants in countries with high-, intermediate- and low-TB incidence. Published literature on TB notification in high-incidence countries was limited, but it did illustrate some of the current barriers to notification and the importance of electronic systems to facilitate reporting by private providers. Required survey data were successfully gathered from 40 out of 54 countries contacted. TB is notifiable in 11 out of 15 high-incidence countries, all 16 intermediate-incidence countries, and all nine low-incidence countries contacted. TB case notification by public sector facilities is generally systematised, but few high-incidence countries had systems and tools to facilitate notification from private care providers. In the context of the new End TB Strategy aimed at eventual TB elimination, all countries should have TB on their national list of notifiable diseases. Enhancing the ease of notification by private providers is essential for effective implementation. To that effect, investing in strengthening disease surveillance systems and introducing digital tools to simplify notification are logical ways forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukund Uplekar
- Global TB Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sachin Atre
- Johns Hopkins Clinical Trials Unit, BJ Medical College, Pune, India
| | - William A Wells
- US Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Diana Weil
- Global TB Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Lopez
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Americas, Washington DC, USA
| | | | - Mario Raviglione
- Global TB Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Analysis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Spain: 2007-2012 National Study. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2016; 35:82-87. [PMID: 27474212 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study sought to study the epidemiological characteristics of the extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in relation to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) from 2007 to 2012 in Spain, and plot its trend across the same period. METHODS We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study in which the following variables were analysed: age; sex; disease site; history of antituberculosis treatment; country of birth; presence of HIV infection; and culture results. Age-related differences were ascertained using the test of comparison of proportions, and crude and adjusted ORs were calculated using linear regression models. RESULTS Of the total of 44,050 cases of tuberculosis reported in the period 2007-2012 and included in the study, 31,508 (71.53%) were pulmonary tuberculosis and 12,542 (28.47%) were EPTB. EPTB rates decreased across all age groups. The main EPTB risk factor was presence of HIV infection (OR 1.39). Persons aged under 65 years had a lower risk of EPTB. CONCLUSIONS Although persons aged over 65 years displayed the highest incidence, there was nevertheless a downward trend across all age groups. Whereas children showed a significant decrease in tuberculous meningitis, this was not so for all extrapulmonary forms. EPTB rates among persons born outside Spain were much higher than those among the Spanish population.
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Abstract
Despite astounding economic growth and TB control efforts, incidence remains the highest among high-income countries. After the Korean War (1950–1953), nearly 6.5% of South Korea’s population had active tuberculosis (TB). In response, South Korea implemented the National Tuberculosis Program in 1962. From 1965 to 1995, the prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB in South Korea decreased from 940 to 219 cases per 100,000 population. Astounding economic growth might have contributed to this result; however, TB incidence in South Korea remains the highest among high-income countries. The rate of decrease in TB incidence seems to have slowed over the past 15 years. A demographic shift toward an older population, many of whom have latent TB and various concurrent conditions, is challenging TB control efforts in South Korea. The increasing number of immigrants also plays a part in the prolonged battle against TB. A historical review of TB in South Korea provides an opportunity to understand national TB control efforts that are applicable to other parts of the world.
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Seo HS, Kim H, Hwang SM, Hong SH, Lee IY. Predictors of job satisfaction and burnout among tuberculosis management nurses and physicians. Epidemiol Health 2016; 38:e2016008. [PMID: 26971698 PMCID: PMC4846742 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2016008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined job satisfaction, empowerment, job stress, and burnout among tuberculosis management nurses and physicians in public healthcare institutions. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study analyzing survey data collected from 249 nurses and 57 physicians in 105 public health centers, three public tuberculosis hospitals, and one tertiary hospital. The survey questionnaire comprised general characteristics, work-related characteristics, and four index scales (job satisfaction, empowerment, job stress, and burnout). The two-sample t-test was used to estimate the mean differences in the four index scales. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine whether general and work-related characteristics affected the four index scales. RESULTS The job satisfaction and empowerment scores of the nurses were lower than those of the physicians. Except for the tuberculosis-specialized hospitals alone, the average job satisfaction scores of nurses were higher than those of physicians. Moreover, the nurses reported more job stress and burnout than did the physicians in tuberculosis departments in public healthcare institutions in Korea; in particular, the burnout reported by nurses was significantly higher than that reported by physicians at the National Medical Center. Marital status, nursing position, number of coworkers, the average number of days of overtime work per month, self-rated health, and hospital type were associated with the four index scales. CONCLUSIONS Overall, nurses were more vulnerable to job stress and burnout than physicians. Reducing the workload of nurses by ensuring the presence of sufficient nursing staff and equipment, as well as by equipping facilities to prevent tuberculosis infections, should be considered priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Suk Seo
- Department of Tuberculosis, Seobuk Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjoong Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Public Health Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.,Gangdong Health Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Min Hwang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Korea Human Resource Development Institute for Health and Welfare, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Hong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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Park YS, Kim JH, Jang HJ, Tae YH, Lim DH. The effect of Asian dust on asthma by socioeconomic status using national health insurance claims data in Korea. Inhal Toxicol 2016; 28:1-6. [PMID: 26785149 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2015.1123331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Asian dust events are associated with increased asthma incidence, asthma exacerbation, decreased lung function and increased risk for hospitalization. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Asian dust events on asthma exacerbation by socioeconomic status using national health insurance claims data. MATERIALS AND METHODS A case-crossover design was used to analyze asthma-related national health insurance claims, air pollutant and climate data from 2007 to 2013 in Seoul and Incheon, Korea. We stratified our analysis by socioeconomic status (health insurance versus medical aid subscribers) and calculated the maximum air pollutant levels and average climate values per day. The number of asthma-related visits to medical institutions per day was compared between "event" and "control" days. RESULTS Compared with "control days", the average number of asthma-related visits to medical institutions decreased on "event" days and increased 1-5 d thereafter. The number of visits by health insurance subscribers also decreased on "event" days and increased 1-5 d thereafter, while the number of visits by medical aid subscribers did not change on "event" days but increased 1-4 d thereafter. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our study confirms that Asian dust events result in an increased number of asthma-related visits to medical institutions. This effect differed by socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Sung Park
- a Environmental Health Center for Allergic Disease, INHA University Hospital , Incheon , Korea .,b Department of Biostatistics , Korea University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jeong-Hee Kim
- a Environmental Health Center for Allergic Disease, INHA University Hospital , Incheon , Korea .,c Department of Pediatrics , College of Medicine, INHA University , Incheon , Korea , and
| | - Hae-Ji Jang
- a Environmental Health Center for Allergic Disease, INHA University Hospital , Incheon , Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Tae
- d National Health Insurance Service , Seoul , Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Lim
- a Environmental Health Center for Allergic Disease, INHA University Hospital , Incheon , Korea .,c Department of Pediatrics , College of Medicine, INHA University , Incheon , Korea , and
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Yoo IK, Choung RS, Hyun JJ, Kim SY, Jung SW, Koo JS, Lee SW, Choi JH, Kim H, Lee HS, Keum B, Kim ES, Jeen YT. Incidences of serious infections and tuberculosis among patients receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor-α therapy. Yonsei Med J 2014; 55:442-8. [PMID: 24532516 PMCID: PMC3936648 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2014.55.2.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) medications represent a major advancement in the management of chronic inflammatory diseases. However, these agents are associated with increased risks of tuberculosis (TB) and other serious infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidences of such disease among tertiary hospitals in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively studied patients who received anti-TNF-α therapy; we reviewed serious infections including TB that developed within 6 months after initiation of anti-TNF-α therapy. Data concerning patient demographics, types of anti-TNF-α agents, concomitant immunosuppressive drugs use, and infection details were collected. RESULTS A total 175 patients treated with infliximab (n=72) or adalimumab (n=103) with the following conditions were enrolled: Crohn's disease, 34 (19.4%); ulcerative colitis, 20 (11.4%); ankylosing spondylitis, 82 (46.9%); and rheumatoid arthritis, 39 (22.2%). There were 18 cases (6.0%) of serious infections. The most common site of serious infection was the intra-abdomen (n=6), followed by TB (n=3), skin and soft tissue (n=3), bone and joints (n=2), ocular neurons (n=2), lower respiratory tract (n=1), and urinary tract (n=1). Of the 175 patients, only 3 cases showed development of TB. Furthermore, of all those who developed TB, none had taken anti-TB chemoprophylaxis prior to treatment with an anti-TNF agent due to negative screening results. CONCLUSION Serious infections with anti-TNF-α therapy were uncommon among tertiary hospitals in Korea; TB was the second most frequent infection. Nevertheless, there were no TB reactivations after anti-TB chemoprophylaxis. Accordingly, physicians should be aware of TB in subjects undergoing anti-TNF-α therapy, especially in countries with a high prevalence of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Kyung Yoo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 123 Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan 425-707, Korea.
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Kang BJ, Jo KW, Park TS, Yoo JW, Lee SW, Choi CM, Oh YM, Lee SD, Kim WS, Kim DS, Shim TS. Causes and predictive factors associated with "diagnosis changed" outcomes in patients notified as tuberculosis cases in a private tertiary hospital. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2013; 75:238-43. [PMID: 24416054 PMCID: PMC3884111 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2013.75.6.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of our study was to evaluate the "diagnosis changed" rate in patients notified as tuberculosis (TB) on the Korean TB surveillance system (KTBS). Methods A total of 1,273 patients notified as TB cases on the KTBS in one private tertiary hospital in 2011 were enrolled in the present study. Patients were classified into three groups: "diagnosis maintained", "diagnosis changed" (initially notified as TB, but ultimately diagnosed as non-TB), and "administrative error" (notified as TB due to administrative errors). Results Excluding 17 patients in the "administrative error" group, the "diagnosis maintained" and "diagnosis changed" groups included 1,097 (87.3%) and 159 patients (12.7%), respectively. Common causes of "diagnosis changed" were nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease (51.7%, 61/118), and pneumonia (17.8%) in cases notified as pulmonary TB, and meningitis (19.5%, 8/41) and Crohn's disease (12.2%) in cases notified as extrapulmonary TB. Being older than 35 years of age (odds ratio [OR], 2.18) and a positive acid-fast bacilli stain (OR, 1.58) were positive predictors and a TB-related radiological finding (OR, 0.42) was a negative predictor for a "diagnosis changed" result via multivariate logistic regression analysis in pulmonary TB cases. Conclusion Because of a high "diagnosis changed" rate in TB notifications to the KTBS, the TB incidence rate measured by the KTBS may be overestimated. Considering the worldwide trend toward increased NTM disease, the "diagnosis changed" rate may increase over time. Thus, when reporting the annual TB notification rate in Korea, the exclusion of "diagnosis changed" cases is desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Ju Kang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Wook Jo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tai Sun Park
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Wan Yoo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sei Won Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Min Choi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Mok Oh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Do Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Sung Kim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Soon Kim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Sun Shim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Park YK, Park YS, Na KI, Cho EH, Shin SS, Kim HJ. Increased tuberculosis burden due to demographic transition in Korea from 2001 to 2010. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2013; 74:104-10. [PMID: 23579317 PMCID: PMC3617129 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2013.74.3.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Notified tuberculosis (TB) cases in Korea have not decreased over the last decade (2001-2010). Methods To clarify the reasons, we analyzed an annual report on notified tuberculosis patients and age-specific population drift in Korea. Results Compared to the age-specific notified TB cases between 2001 and 2010, distinctive features in notified TB cases and new cases increased markedly in people aged 45-54 years and in patients over 65 years old, whereas those between 15-34 years in 2010 decreased drastically. In particular, notified TB individuals over 65 years old occupied 29.6% of the cases in 2010, which was 1.5 times higher than that in 2001. The main reason not to decrease in notified TB patients for the last decade (2001-2010) was due to the increasing elderly population as well as the aging of baby boomers, which have a higher risk of TB development. Conclusion Korea needs to pay attention to the older population in order to successfully decrease the burden of TB in the future.
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