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Vidal-Cevallos P, Flores-García N, Chávez-Tapia NC, Chalasani NP. Occult liver disease: A multinational perspective. Ann Hepatol 2024; 29:101480. [PMID: 38354950 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2024.101480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Occult liver disease refers to the presence of unrecognized chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Liver disease is currently the eleventh cause of death globally, representing 4% of all deaths in the world. Alcohol consumption is the leading cause of cirrhosis globally, accounting for approximately 60% of cases. The estimated global prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is 32.4% and has been steadily increasing over the last years. Viral hepatitis B and C accounted for 1.3 million deaths in 2020. Several studies in populations at high risk of chronic liver disease (elevated liver enzymes, type 2 diabetes, excessive alcohol consumption) have found an elevated prevalence of occult liver disease. Attempts should be made to assess the prevalence of occult liver disease in Latin America, a region with one of the highest rates of metabolic diseases and excessive alcohol consumption. Screening for NAFLD in high-risk subjects and screening for excessive drinking and alcohol use disorders at every level of medical care is relevant. Efforts should also focus on the early treatment of occult liver disease to try to reduce liver disease burden and, in the case of occult viral hepatitis infection, prevent further spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Vidal-Cevallos
- Obesity and Digestive Disease Unit, Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation, Puente de Piedra 150, Toriello Guerra, 14050, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nayelli Flores-García
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Norberto C Chávez-Tapia
- Obesity and Digestive Disease Unit, Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation, Puente de Piedra 150, Toriello Guerra, 14050, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Naga P Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States.
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Naguib H, Abouelnaga SF, Elsayed MM. Occult hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis patients who achieved a sustained virological response to directly acting antiviral drugs: is it a concern? Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:217-222. [PMID: 37209238 PMCID: PMC10776497 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatitis C virus infection is a major health problem in hemodialysis patients. Occult HCV infection is defined as the presence of HCV-RNA in hepatocytes or peripheral blood mononuclear cells without the detection of HCV-RNA in the serum. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and predictors of occult HCV infection among hemodialysis patients after treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents. METHODS This research is a cross-sectional study that included 60 HCV patients maintained on regular HD patients who achieved 24 weeks of sustained virological response after treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents. Real-time PCR was performed to detect HCV-RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS HCV-RNA was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of three patients (5%). Occult HCV infection cases were treated by Interferon/ribavirin before direct-acting antiviral agents and two of them had raised pre-treatment alanine aminotransferase levels. Logistic regression analyses revealed that high pre-treatment viral load and raised pre-treatment alanine aminotransferase were associated with an increased risk of occult HCV infection with p value of 0.041 and 0.029, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Occult HCV infection in hemodialysis patients who achieved sustained virological response after treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents may occur, and this may necessitate dual testing for HCV in both serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells to ensure viral clearance. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04719338.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Naguib
- Hepatology and Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shady Fouad Abouelnaga
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Alexandria University Hospitals, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mamdouh Elsayed
- Nephrology and Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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3
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Silva E, Marques S, Leal B, Canhão B, Madaleno J, Simão A, Carvalho A. Occult hepatitis C infection identified in injection drug users with direct antiviral agents therapy and spontaneous resolution of hepatitis C virus infection. Virus Res 2023; 329:199104. [PMID: 37003528 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis C infection (OCI) is characterized by the detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in hepatocytes and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) without detection in serum. We aimed to evaluate OCI in drug and no drug users who achieved sustained virological response (SVR) after therapy with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and with HCV spontaneous resolution. METHODS Twenty-four patients in the AVP group (who achieved a SVR after DAAs therapy), 13 in the NAVP group (with HCV spontaneous resolution) and 7 HCV-RNA positive patients (CPP, control positive group) were included in the study. HCV/OCI-RNA was screened in serum and PBMCs samples of the patients by ddPCR for OCI patients' identification. Plasma and red blood cells (RBCs) samples of the patients were also evaluated for HCV/OCI-RNA detection by ddPCR. RESULTS OCI was presented in injection drug users (IDUs) in the AVP (20.8%) and NAVP (23.1%) groups by ddPCR with a higher statistically significant percentage detected in RBCs samples of the patients in the AVP group comparatively to NAVP (p<0.01) and CPP (p < 0.05) groups. CONCLUSION OCI was identified in IDUs patients of the AVP and NAVP groups by ddPCR. These results suggest that OCI patients in the AVP group might not be entirely cured, and that OCI patients in the NAVP group were not identified at clinical evaluation time when just serum samples were analysed. A higher percentage of HCV/OCI-RNA was detected in RBCs samples. Overall results recommends that HCV/OCI identification in patients with DAAs therapy and spontaneous resolution of HCV infection should be studied more accurately in future and in larger patient groups if possible. Additionally, suggest also PBMCs and RBCs samples as predictors for HCV/OCI diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Silva
- Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (CIBIO/InBIO), University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal; School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sara Marques
- Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources (CIBIO/InBIO), University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Leal
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB) at 2School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Canhão
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Hospital and University Center (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Madaleno
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Hospital and University Center (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Adélia Simão
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Hospital and University Center (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Armando Carvalho
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Hospital and University Center (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
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Shamsdin SA, Fatahi MR, Ansari AR, Safarpour AR. Prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV Infections among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis in Fasa, Iran: A Six-Year Follow-up Study. Middle East J Dig Dis 2022; 14:317-322. [PMID: 36619273 PMCID: PMC9489426 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2022.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hemodialysis (HD) patients are at risk of viral infections such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV). Current study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV among HD patients who attended the dialysis center in Fasa, Iran. Methods: Collectively, 2082 HD patients (1291 men, 791 women) took part in our 6-year follow-up study. Results: 2082 HD patients with a mean age of 56.2±17.8 were included in our study. One (0.09%) patient was HBsAg positive, two (0.18%) patients were anti-HCV positive, and one (0.09%) was anti-HIV positive. There was no significant correlation between the paraclinical parameters of men and women. Conclusion: The present study showed a reduction in the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV infections during 6 years of follow-up in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Azra Shamsdin
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Fatahi
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Ansari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Safarpour
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Corresponding Author: Ali Reza Safarpour, MD Assistant Professor, Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Tel:+98 716281442 Fax:+98 716281442
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Prevalence of Hepatitis C Infection and its Genotypes in Suspected Hemodialysis Patients, Southwest of Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.118591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hemodialysis patients are more prone to Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection due to the need for long-term hemodialysis and blood transfusions. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the HCV infection burden, viral load, and genotype pattern in hemodialysis patients referred to a research center from 2011 to 2018. Methods: Among 131 hemodialysis patients with suspected HCV infection, referred to Prof. Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz, Iran, from 2011 to 2018, the HCV rate was assessed with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the HCV RNA load and genotypes by one-step TaqMan real-time PCR. Results: The prevalence of HCV-Ab positivity was 29% among hemodialysis patients, of whom 21 (57%) were HCV RNA-positive. In the rest of the hemodialysis patients who were HCV-Ab-negative, the HCV RNA was detected in five (12%) patients. Genotype 3 (Gt-3) was the most prevalent one detected in 50% of the patients whose genotypes were determined. Also, the HCV viral load in HCV-seropositive patients was generally higher than that in HCV-seronegative ones. Conclusions: This study showed that high HCV infection and different genotype patterns among hemodialysis patients compared to the general population are the main predictors of HCV infection, which indicates healthcare facility transmission because of inappropriate infection management practices.
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Serwah MA, Omar SA, Khedr MS, Abdel-Hamid AES. Occurrence and clinical characteristics of occult hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis units at Ismailia, Egypt. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 33:1009-1014. [PMID: 33731578 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Occult hepatitis C infection is defined as the presence of hepatitis C virus RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) ± hepatocytes in the absence of HCV-RNA in serum. It has been a lot of debate and controversy in recent years and not discussed well. This issue has not been discussed or investigated in Egypt, especially in patients on hemodialysis in Ismailia. This study is the first one to investigate the prevalence of occult HCV infection in large populations of chronic hemodialysis (CHD) patients in Ismailia, Egypt. METHODS Our study is cross-sectional analytic and included 204 CHD patients; who are negative for HCV infection. Sensitive commercial real-time assay was used to detect HCV-RNA in PBMC. In our study, the presence of genomic HCV-RNA in PBMCs of all these patients was detected by real-time PCR. On the other hand, 22 patients on hemodialysis with an established diagnosis of chronic hepatitis C virus infection were included as a control group and examined by real-time PCR was used to evaluate HCV infection. RESULTS Occult HCV infection is defined as the presence of HCV-RNA in PBMNCs in patients on chronic hemodialysis, and it was found in 14/204 (7%) of the patients. Patients who were on CHD for a longer time are susceptible to occult HCV infection, and their mean alanine aminotransferase levels are significantly higher during the last 3 months before study entry. In comparison, chronic HCV patients have elevated bilirubin, aspartate transferase and alanine transferase than occult HCV infection. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of occult HCV infection was 7% in our CHD patients. No available data are showing the virulence of this form of virus. However, further studies in other geographic populations with high HCV endemicity are needed to clarify the significance of occult HCV infection in these patient groups, in addition to test for the presence of negative antigenomic strand to confirm or disconfirm the reliability of occult HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seham A Omar
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Clinical Pathology Department
| | - Mohamed S Khedr
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Clinical Pathology Department
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Miyashita K, Hongo Y, Nakashima A, Kato S, Kusano H, Morizono S, Higashi N. Fatal Hepatitis C after Chemotherapy in a Patient with Malignant Lymphoma: Possible Reactivation of Seronegative Occult Hepatitis C Virus Infection Due to Chemotherapy. Intern Med 2021; 60:1533-1539. [PMID: 33191319 PMCID: PMC8188017 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.4768-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A 79-year-old man with lymphoma who tested negative for anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody received rituximab-containing chemotherapy. Liver dysfunction of unknown cause had persisted since the second cycle of chemotherapy. Ten months after treatment, he rapidly developed massive ascites and atrophy of the liver, and we detected HCV RNA in his serum using real time polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, medical interviews showed that the patient had no episodes for acute HCV infection, but he did have a history of unspecified liver dysfunction. These findings support the possibility of the reactivation of seronegative occult HCV infection due to chemotherapy in a cancer patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaname Miyashita
- Department of Haematology, Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, Japan
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Japan
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Yui Hongo
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Seiya Kato
- Division of Pathology, Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, Japan
| | - Hironori Kusano
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shusuke Morizono
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
- Department of Hepatology, Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Higashi
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
- Department of Hepatology, Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, Japan
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Hedayati-Moghaddam MR, Soltanian H, Ahmadi-Ghezeldasht S. Occult hepatitis C virus infection in the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:242-260. [PMID: 33708353 PMCID: PMC7934012 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i2.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in liver tissue or peripheral blood mononuclear cells with no identified virus genome in the serum has been reported worldwide among patients with either normal or elevated serum liver enzymes. The characterization of occult HCV infection (OCI) epidemiology in the Middle East and Eastern Mediterranean (M and E) countries, a region with the highest incidence and prevalence rates of HCV infection in the world, would be effective for more appropriate control of the infection.
AIM To estimate the pooled prevalence of OCI in M and E countries using a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using international, regional and local electronic databases. Some conference proceedings and references from bibliographies were also reviewed manually. The search was carried out during May and June 2020. Original observational surveys were considered if they assessed the prevalence of OCI among the population of M and E countries by examination of HCV nucleic acid in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in at least 30 cases selected by random or non-random sampling methods. The meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-analysis software based on heterogeneity assessed by Cochran’s Q test and I-square statistics. Data were considered statistically significant at a P value < 0.05.
RESULTS A total of 116 non-duplicated citations were found in electronic sources and grey literature. A total of 51 non-overlapping original surveys were appraised, of which 37 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Data were available from 5 of 26 countries including Egypt, Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey. The overall prevalence rate of OCI was estimated at 10.04% (95%CI: 7.66%-13.05%). The lowest OCI rate was observed among healthy subjects (4.79%, 95%CI: 2.86%-7.93%). The higher rates were estimated for patients suffering from chronic liver diseases (12.04%, 95%CI: 5.87%-23.10%), and multi-transfused patients (8.71%, 95%CI: 6.05%-12.39%). Subgroup analysis indicated that the OCI rates were probably not associated with the studied subpopulations, country, year of study, the detection method of HCV RNA, sample size, patients’ HCV serostatus, and sex (all P > 0.05). Meta-regression analyses showed no significant time trends in OCI rates among different groups.
CONCLUSION This review estimated high rates of OCI prevalence in M and E countries, especially among multi-transfused patients as well as patients with chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Hedayati-Moghaddam
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Mashhad 91779-49367, Iran
| | - Hossein Soltanian
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Mashhad 91779-49367, Iran
| | - Sanaz Ahmadi-Ghezeldasht
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch, Mashhad 91779-49367, Iran
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Armandi A, Caviglia GP, Saracco GM, DE MARCO L, FAGOONEE S, PELLICANO R. Seronegative occult hepatitis C virus infection: what is its clinical relevance? MINERVA BIOTECNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.23736/s1120-4826.20.02637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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An T, Dean M, Flower R, Tatzenko T, Chan HT, Kiely P, Faddy HM. Understanding occult hepatitis C infection. Transfusion 2020; 60:2144-2152. [PMID: 33460181 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis C infection (OCI) is a type of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, defined as the presence of HCV RNA in hepatocytes or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the absence of HCV RNA in serum. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A literature review was conducted to identify articles that characterized OCI as a disease, including its epidemiology, mode of transmission, pattern of infection, progression, and treatment. RESULTS OCI patients experience a milder degree of inflammatory and cirrhotic changes than patients with chronic hepatitis C. OCI is transmissible parenterally both in vivo and in vitro, however the duration and outcome of OCI remains unclear. OCI is most consistently found in patients with previous hepatitis C disease and hemodialysis patients. Beyond the at-risk populations, OCI has also been demonstrated among healthy individuals and blood donors. CONCLUSIONS This review summarises our current understanding of OCI and suggests areas for further research to improve our understanding of this phenomenon, including a better understanding of its epidemiology and full clinical course. The current understanding of OCI and its clinical implications remain limited. Further standardized detection methods, ongoing surveillance, and investigation of its potential transmissions are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy An
- Research and Development, Australia Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melinda Dean
- Research and Development, Australia Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,School of Health and Sports Science, University of the Sunshine Coast, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert Flower
- Research and Development, Australia Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tayla Tatzenko
- Research and Development, Australia Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hiu Tat Chan
- Australia Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip Kiely
- Australia Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen M Faddy
- Research and Development, Australia Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Health and Sports Science, University of the Sunshine Coast, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Alduraywish A, Ragheb M, Taher I, Louis N, Aldossari K, Kishk R. Prevalence, risk factors and impact of occult HCV infection on liver morbidity among haemodialysis patients: hospital-based cross-sectional study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2020; 55:963-969. [PMID: 32649843 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2020.1790649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Haemodialysis (HD) patients are at risk for blood-borne infections as occult HCV infection, which justifies comprehensive studies. We aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of occult HCV infection (OCI) among HD patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred eligible HD patients, with no evidence of overt HCV or HBV and HBV vaccinated were recruited, and tested for HCV, HBV markers and HCV RNA. Two HCV-positive patients were excluded and peripheral mononuclear cells of 98 patients were verified for viraemia. RESULTS OCI was detected in eight (8.16%); with a median viral load of 7010copies/ml. Their mean age was 30.63 (±18.87 years) compared to others (41.73 ± 15.93) (p = .069). History of surgery, dental procedure, and blood transfusion was comparably high in both groups (p > .05). All OCI patients underwent dialysis twice weekly compared to 48.9% of non-OCI patients (p = .006). OCI patients had a significantly higher mean duration of dialysis (12.63 ± 6.74 years), and a significantly higher frequency (50%) of HCV Ab compared to 6.48 ± 4.76, and 10%, respectively, in non-OCI patients. None of OCI patients was reactive to HBcAb compared to 34 (37.8%) patients without (p = .048). Evidence of liver morbidity was detected in 5 (62.5%) OCI patients compared to 43 (47.7%) of non-OCI patients (p > .05). CONCLUSION Among our HD patients, OCI is considered a comorbid finding associated with mild liver morbidity that warrants strict infection control and periodic testing for blood borne infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mostafa Ragheb
- Department of Endemic and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Taher
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jouf University, Skaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nageh Louis
- Department of Endemic and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Khaled Aldossari
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Kishk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Agi E, Asghari S, Namvar A, Khairkhah N, Naderi N, Anvar A, Azizi Saraji A, Bolhassani A. Molecular Study of Occult Hepatitis C Infection among Iranian Hemophilia Patients Treated with Direct-acting Antiviral Agents. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020. [DOI: 10.29252/jommid.8.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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13
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High prevalence of occult hepatitis C virus infection in injection drug users with HIV infection. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2493-2504. [PMID: 31346769 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the pathological forms of chronic hepatitis C is occult HCV infection (OCI), in which there is no detectable HCV RNA in plasma specimens but HCV RNA is present in PBMCs and liver biopsy specimens. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of OCI in HIV-positive people who are injection drug users (IDUs). From April 2015 to August 2018, 161 Iranian IDUs with HIV infection enrolled in the study. Viral RNA was extracted from plasma and PBMC samples of participants, and the presence of HCV RNA was examined using RT nested PCR with primers from two conserved regions (5´-UTR and NS5B). HCV genotyping was performed using RFLP and sequencing methods. Of the 161 patients, 134 (83.2%) were positive for anti-HCV antibodies. All 27 patients who were negative for anti-HCV were also negative for HCV RNA in plasma, but five of them (18.5%) were positive for HCV RNA in PBMCs. Importantly, 9 out of 50 patients (18.0%) who apparently had recovered from HCV infection (i.e., were anti-HCV positive and HCV RNA negative) were positive for HCV RNA in PBMCs. Overall, 18.1% of the patients who had no signs of previous HCV infection or had apparently recovered from the disease had OCI. The HCV genotypes of the cases with OCI were as follows: five patients (35.7%) were infected with subtype 1a, eight patients (57.1%) were infected with subtype 3a, and one patient (7.1%) was infected with genotype 4. Thus, it seems that the prevalence of OCI in HIV-positive IDUs is extremely significant in Iran and is likely to delay the global eradication of HCV infection until 2030.
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Ayadi A, Nafari AH, Sakhaee F, Rajabi K, Ghaderi Y, Rahimi Jamnani F, Vaziri F, Siadat SD, Fateh A. Host genetic factors and clinical parameters influencing the occult hepatitis C virus infection in patients on chronic hemodialysis: Is it still a controversial infection? Hepatol Res 2019; 49:605-616. [PMID: 30821879 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM The presence of occult hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (OCI) is still controversial, however, this infection cannot be ignored. Therefore, the current study aimed at assessing the OCI frequency in patients on chronic hemodialysis (CHD) and also evaluating the association between OCI incidence with clinical parameters and interferon lambda 3/4 (IFNL3/4) gene polymorphisms. METHODS A total of 515 patients on CHD and HCV negative markers were selected. Plus- and minus-stranded HCV-RNA was tested in peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and then genotyped using the restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS The frequency of OCI was 11.3% in patients on CHD. Among 58 patients with OCI, 25.8%, 62.1%, and 12.1% were infected with HCV-1a, HCV-1b, and HCV-3a, respectively. The mean alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase levels were 31.9 ± 24.8, 32.3 ± 19.1, and 171.6 ± 88.9, respectively. None of the patients with OCI had a history of liver disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, platelets, duration of hemodialysis, HCV subtypes, IFNL3 rs12979860 TT, IFNL3 rs8099917 GG, IFNL3 rs12980275 GG, and IFNL4 ss469415590 ΔG/ΔG genotypes were associated with OCI. CONCLUSION There was a moderate prevalence of OCI in Iranian patients on CHD. The current study findings indicated that this infection was associated with clinical parameters and unfavorable genotypes of IFNL3 single nucleotide polymorphisms and IFNL4 ss469415590. Further studies are required to determine the correlation between OCI incidence with clinical parameters and host genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ayadi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Nafari
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sakhaee
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Rajabi
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Pharmaceutical, Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Ghaderi
- Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Faculty of Basic Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahimi Jamnani
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzam Vaziri
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Fateh
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Molecular diagnosis of occult hepatitis C virus infection in Iranian injection drug users. Arch Virol 2018; 164:349-357. [PMID: 30390150 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-4066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Occult HCV infection (OCI) has been described as the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genomic RNA in hepatocytes and/or peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) specimens and the lack of HCV genomic RNA and anti-HCV antibodies (Abs) in plasma samples. Injection drug users (IDUs) are the most important high-risk group for infection with blood-borne viruses, particularly HCV. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of OCI in IDUs. A prospective cross-sectional study of 126 consecutive Iranian IDUs was performed from March 2017 to January 2018. PBMCs were separated from blood samples from the participants, and after extraction of the viral RNA from the plasma and PBMC specimens, HCV RNA was detected in the samples using RT-nested PCR by amplification of the 5'-NTR of HCV. HCV genotyping was carried out using restriction a fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay. The viral RNA was amplified using RT-nested PCR with specific primers for the NS5B gene, and the PCR products were sequenced to confirm the results obtained by HCV RNA detection and HCV genotyping. Out of the 126 IDUs studied, 105 (83.3%) were negative for anti-HCV Abs and HCV RNA in plasma samples, whereas HCV RNA was detected in the PBMC samples of six (5.7%) participants, indicating that these individuals had OCI. Moreover, HCV genomic RNA was detected in PBMC samples from five (23.8%) of the 21 IDUs studied who were positive for anti-HCV Abs and negative for HCV genomic RNA in plasma specimens. These IDUs also had OCI. The HCV genotypes in the PBMC samples from the subjects with OCI were determined. Six (54.5%) subjects were infected with HCV subtype 3a, and five (45.5%) were infected with HCV subtype 1a. This study showed that 8.7% of the Iranian IDUs had OCI, and therefore, a study focusing on the diagnosis of OCI in these individuals can be valuable and informative.
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16
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Martínez-Rodríguez MDLL, Uribe-Noguez LA, Arroyo-Anduiza CI, Mata-Marin JA, Benitez-Arvizu G, Portillo-López ML, Ocaña-Mondragón A. Prevalence and risk factors of Occult Hepatitis C infections in blood donors from Mexico City. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205659. [PMID: 30339689 PMCID: PMC6195272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The circulatory system is the main mechanism for transmission of the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). A new class of HCV infections, Occult HCV infection (OCI), is defined as the presence of HCV-RNA in hepatocytes with the absence of HCV in the serum/plasma utilizing current laboratory assays. Different groups have reported the prevalence of OCI; however, its associated risk factors have not been established. In Mexico, there are no reports about OCI, so the objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of OCI in total blood donors in Mexico City, as well as its associated risk factors. Methods Blood donors that were considered eligible for donation, according to NOM 253-SSA1-2012, were randomly selected. Demographic data was collected from 1,037 donors. Plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were assessed for HCV-RNA. The presence of HCV-RNA was determined by nested PCR for the 5'-UTR region. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) to determine the level of association. Results The prevalence of OCI was 3.4% among blood donors. Homosexual relationships (OR = 5.52, 95%CI: 1.53–19.92, p<0.05) and acupuncture (OR = 3.56, 95%CI: 1.41–8.98, p<0.05) were significantly associated with OCI. Conclusion There is a significant presence of OCI in the blood donor population in Mexico City. The main risk factors for OCI transmission are homosexual relationships and acupuncture. This study supports the increased use of sensitive and specific screening tests for blood bank testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de la Luz Martínez-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología e Infectología, Centro Médico Nacional “La Raza”, Delegación 2 Noreste del D.F., Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail:
| | - Luis A. Uribe-Noguez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología e Infectología, Centro Médico Nacional “La Raza”, Delegación 2 Noreste del D.F., Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carla I. Arroyo-Anduiza
- Banco Central de Sangre, Centro Médico Nacional “La Raza”, Delegación 2 Noreste del D.F., Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Antonio Mata-Marin
- Hospital de Infectología, Centro Médico Nacional “La Raza”, Delegación 2 Noreste del D.F., Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gamaliel Benitez-Arvizu
- Banco Central de Sangre, Centro Médico Nacional “Siglo XXI”, Delegación Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María L. Portillo-López
- Banco Central de Sangre, Centro Médico Nacional “Siglo XXI”, Delegación Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alicia Ocaña-Mondragón
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología e Infectología, Centro Médico Nacional “La Raza”, Delegación 2 Noreste del D.F., Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
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17
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Kahyesh-Esfandiary R, Sadigh ZA, Esghaei M, Bastani MN, Donyavi T, Najafi A, Fakhim A, Bokharaei-Salim F. Detection of HCV genome in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of Iranian seropositive and HCV RNA negative in plasma of patients with beta-thalassemia major: Occult HCV infection. J Med Virol 2018; 91:107-114. [PMID: 30091793 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Beta (β) thalassemia major is a genetic blood disorder with a deficiency in the hemoglobin beta chain, requiring blood transfusion therapy. Multiple blood transfusions increase the risk of transmitting blood-borne infections. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Iranian individuals with β-thalassemia major. A total of 164 patients with β-thalassemia major were recruited for this study. HCV RNA testing was done on plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the HCV seropositive samples (with reverse transcriptase-nested polymerase chain reaction [PCR] method using primers from the 5'-untranslated region [UTR]), and all HCV RNA positive samples were genotyped by the restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. For confirmation of the HCV genotyping in PBMCs of occult HCV infection [OCI]-positive patients, the PCR products of two different regions of HCV (5'-UTR and nonstructural protein 5B [NS5B]) were sequenced. Of 164 patients, 29.3% were positive for anti-HCV antibodies, and HCV RNA was detected in the plasma specimens of 13.4% patients and in the PBMC samples of 15.2% participants. The genomic HCV-RNA was detected in PBMC samples in 3 (6.3%) of the total 48 individuals who were HCV seropositive, and plasma HCV-RNA negative (occult HCV infection). The subtypes of HCV in the plasma and PBMC samples of three participants were not identical. This study shows that among this group of Iranian patients with β-thalassemia major, 13.4% had active HCV infection and 6.3% had occult HCV infection as evidenced by HCV RNA detected in PBMC specimens. Therefore, the design of a prospective study that focuses on the diagnosis of OCI can be very valuable and provide more information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zohreh-Azita Sadigh
- Human Viral Vaccine Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Maryam Esghaei
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Navid Bastani
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Donyavi
- HIV Laboratory of National Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Najafi
- HIV Laboratory of National Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atousa Fakhim
- Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farah Bokharaei-Salim
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,HIV Laboratory of National Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Austria A, Wu GY. Occult Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Review. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2018; 6:155-160. [PMID: 29951360 PMCID: PMC6018308 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2017.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Occult hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (OCI), first described in 2004, is defined as the presence of HCV RNA in hepatocytes or peripheral blood mononuclear cells without detectable HCV RNA in the serum. Here, we aimed to review the epidemiology, diagnostic methods, clinical implications and potential management recommendations currently described in the literature, as well as the future directions for investigation of this entity. PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched with combination of the following keywords: "occult", "hepatitis C virus", and "occult HCV infection". There are data to support OCI as a potential culprit in cryptogenic liver disease. There are also consistent data demonstrating the existence of OCI in specific populations, such as dialysis, human immunodeficiency virus-infected and hepatitis B virus-infected patients, and also in the general population. While the gold standard for diagnosis is liver biopsy, examination of peripheral blood mononuclear cells may be a reliable, safer alternative method of diagnosis. Occult HCV infection is likely associated with liver fibrosis and progression of liver disease. Additional studies are required to determine the infectivity of OCI patients, as well as clarify the natural course and specific clinical implications of OCI. Lastly, studies are needed to determine whether treatment of OCI leads to decreased morbidity and/or mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Austria
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- *Correspondence to: Alyssa Austria, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA. Tel: +1-860-679-4477, Fax: +1-860-679-1025, E-mail:
| | - George Y. Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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19
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Wang X, Wang S, Liu ZH, Qi WQ, Zhang Q, Zhang YG, Sun DR, Xu Y, Wang HG, Li ZX, Cong XL, Zhao P, Zhou CY, Wang JB. Regulatory polymorphism of CXCL10 rs1439490 in seronegative occult hepatitis C virus infection. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2191-2202. [PMID: 29853737 PMCID: PMC5974581 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i20.2191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine the relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphism CXCL10 rs1439490 and seronegative occult hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (OCI). METHODS One hundred and three cases of seronegative OCI and 155 cases of seropositive chronic HCV infection (CHC) were diagnosed at five Liver Centers in Northeastern China, from 2012 to 2016. CXCL10 rs1439490, rs1440802, and IL-28B rs12979860 were analyzed by sequencing. Serum CXCL10 was measured by ELISA. Intrahepatic CXCL10 was determined by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical semi-quantitative scoring. Liver necroinflammation and fibrosis were scored according to the METAVIR system. RESULTS CXCL10 rs1439490 G/G was more prevalent in OCI patients (n = 93/103; 90.3%) than in CHC patients (n = 116/155; 74.8%; P = 0.008). OCI patients had lower serum CXCL10 levels than CHC patients (192.91 ± 46.50 pg/mL vs 354.78 ± 102.91 pg/mL, P < 0.0001). Of IL-28B rs12979860 C/C patients, OCI patients with rs1439490 G/G had lower serum and liver levels of CXCL10 and lower levels of liver necroinflammation and fibrosis than non-G/G patients. OCI patients had higher alanine aminotransferase normalization rates after Peg-interferon treatment than CHC patients (P < 0.05) and serum CXCL10 decreased significantly (P < 0.0001). Liver necroinflammation and fibrosis were alleviated in 8 OCI patients after treatment. Multivariate analysis indicated that rs1439490 G/G significantly influenced the occurrence of OCI in HCV infection (OR = 0.31, 95%CI: 0.15-0.66, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION CXCL10 rs1439490 G/G is positively associated with OCI in HCV infection and antiviral outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Digestive, China-Japan Union Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Urology, First Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Liu
- Department of Digestive, China-Japan Union Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wen-Qian Qi
- Department of Digestive, China-Japan Union Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Digestive, China-Japan Union Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yong-Gui Zhang
- Department of Digestive, China-Japan Union Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - De-Rong Sun
- Department of Infectious Disease, the Fourth Affiliated University of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Department of Digestive, the Second People’s Hospital of Daqing City, Daqing 163461, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Digestive, China-Japan Union Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hong-Guang Wang
- Department of Digestive, People’s Hospital of Jilin City, Changchun 132000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhong-Xie Li
- Department of Digestive, People’s Hospital of Hunchun City, Hunchun 133300, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xian-Ling Cong
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Digestive, China-Japan Union Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chang-Yu Zhou
- Department of Digestive, China-Japan Union Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jiang-Bin Wang
- Department of Digestive, China-Japan Union Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
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20
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Kamal IMA, Mahdi BM. Seroprevalence occurrence of viral hepatitis and HIV among hemodialysis patients. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2018; 29:1-4. [PMID: 29692888 PMCID: PMC5911664 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) were on maintenance invasive hemodialysis (HD) procedure. This procedure by itself affects immunity of the patients and became more susceptible to viral infections. Aim of the study to investigate the occurrence of HBV, HCV and HIV infections in patients with hemodialysis. Patients and methods A retrospective study of 430 end-stage renal failure patients, referred to hemodialysis department at XXXX Teaching Hospital, Baghdad-Iraq from January-2015 to January-2017. Patients were investigated for HBs-Ag using enzyme-labeled antigen test (Foresight-EIA-USA), HCV- Abs (IgG) specific immunoglobulin using an HCV enzyme-labeled antigen test (Foresight-EIA-USA)and anti - HIV Abs (IgG) using enzyme-labeled antigen test (Foresight-EIA-USA). Results The frequency of HBV infection in the first year was not significant between males (1.11%) and females (0.00%) (P = 0.295). About HCV also there are no significant differences between males (12.63%) and females (9.31%) (P = 0.347). After one year of follow up the frequencies of HBV and HCV were not significant between two sexes. Additionally, no any one of the patients had HIV infection. Conclusions This study brings a light on that HBV and HCV were having the same frequencies in both genders and lower occurrence with time. Furthermore, HIV was not detected in those patients. Patients were on hemodialysis. This procedure by itself affects immunity. HBV and HCV were having the same frequencies in both genders and lower occurrence with time. HIV was not detected in those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Batool Mutar Mahdi
- Department of microbiology, Head Of HLA research Unit, Al-kindy college of medicine, University of Baghdad, AL-Nahda Square, Baghdad, Iraq
- Corresponding author. Department of microbiology, Al-kindy college of medicine, University of Baghdad, AL-Nahda Square, Baghdad, Iraq.
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