1
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Faddy HM, Osiowy C, Custer B, Busch M, Stramer SL, Adesina O, van de Laar T, Tsoi WC, Styles C, Kiely P, Margaritis A, Kwon SY, Qiu Y, Deng X, Lewin A, Jørgensen SW, Erikstrup C, Juhl D, Sauleda S, Camacho Rodriguez BA, Coral LJCS, Gaviria García PA, Oota S, O'Brien SF, Wendel S, Castro E, Navarro Pérez L, Harvala H, Davison K, Reynolds C, Jarvis L, Grabarczyk P, Kopacz A, Łętowska M, O'Flaherty N, Young F, Williams P, Burke L, Chua SS, Muylaert A, Page I, Jones A, Niederhauser C, Vermeulen M, Laperche S, Gallian P, Sawadogo S, Satake M, Gharehbaghian A, Addas-Carvalho M, Blanco S, Gallego SV, Seltsam A, Weber-Schehl M, Al-Riyami AZ, Al Maamari K, Alawi FB, Pandey HC, Mbanya D, França RA, Charlewood R. International review of blood donation nucleic acid amplification testing. Vox Sang 2024; 119:315-325. [PMID: 38390819 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT), in blood services context, is used for the detection of viral and parasite nucleic acids to reduce transfusion-transmitted infections. This project reviewed NAT for screening blood donations globally. MATERIALS AND METHODS A survey on NAT usage, developed by the International Society of Blood Transfusion Working Party on Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases (ISBT WP-TTID), was distributed through ISBT WP-TTID members. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Forty-three responses were received from 32 countries. Increased adoption of blood donation viral screening by NAT was observed over the past decade. NAT-positive donations were detected for all viruses tested in 2019 (proportion of donations positive by NAT were 0.0099% for human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], 0.0063% for hepatitis C virus [HCV], 0.0247% for hepatitis B virus [HBV], 0.0323% for hepatitis E virus [HEV], 0.0014% for West Nile virus [WNV] and 0.00005% for Zika virus [ZIKV]). Globally, over 3100 NAT-positive donations were identified as NAT yield or solely by NAT in 2019 and over 22,000 since the introduction of NAT, with HBV accounting for over half. NAT-positivity rate was higher in first-time donors for all viruses tested except WNV. During 2019, a small number of participants performed NAT for parasites (Trypanosoma cruzi, Babesia spp., Plasmodium spp.). CONCLUSION This survey captures current use of blood donation NAT globally. There has been increased NAT usage over the last decade. It is clear that NAT contributes to improving blood transfusion safety globally; however, there is a need to overcome economic barriers for regions/countries not performing NAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Faddy
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Petrie, Queensland, Australia
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carla Osiowy
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Brian Custer
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael Busch
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Susan L Stramer
- Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Thijs van de Laar
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wai-Chiu Tsoi
- Hong Kong Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Claire Styles
- Pathology & Clinical Governance, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Phil Kiely
- Pathology & Clinical Governance, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angelo Margaritis
- Manufacturing & Logistics, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - So-Yong Kwon
- Korean Red Cross Blood Services, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Qiu
- Beijing Red Cross Blood Centre, Beijing, China
| | | | - Antoine Lewin
- Medical Affairs and Innovation, Héma-Québec, Saint-Laurent, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David Juhl
- University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Sineenart Oota
- National Blood Centre, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Emma Castro
- Centro de Transfusión de la Comunidad Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Heli Harvala
- Microbiology Services, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK
| | - Katy Davison
- NHSBT/UKHSA Epidemiology Unit, UKHSA, London, UK
| | | | - Lisa Jarvis
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Piotr Grabarczyk
- Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Kopacz
- Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Fiona Young
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Lisa Burke
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Isabel Page
- Centro de Hemoterapia y Hemodonacion de Castilla y Leon, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ann Jones
- Welsh Blood Service, Pontyclun, Wales, UK
| | | | - Marion Vermeulen
- The South African National Blood Service, Weltevreden Park, South Africa
| | - Syria Laperche
- Etablissement Français du Sang, La Plaine Saint Denis, Tours, France
| | - Pierre Gallian
- Etablissement Français du Sang, La Plaine Saint Denis, Tours, France
| | - Salam Sawadogo
- National Blood Transfusion Center of Burkina Faso, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Ahmad Gharehbaghian
- Laboratory Hematology & Blood Bank Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Sandra V Gallego
- Fundación Banco Central de Sangre, Córdoba, Argentina
- Virology Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Axel Seltsam
- Bavarian Red Cross Blood Donation Service, Wiesentheid, Germany
| | | | - Arwa Z Al-Riyami
- Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Khuloud Al Maamari
- Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Fatma Ba Alawi
- Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Hem Chandra Pandey
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dora Mbanya
- National Blood Transfusion Service, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Faddy HM, Osiowy C, Custer B, Busch M, Stramer SL, Dean MM, Acutt J, Viennet E, van de Laar T, Tsoi WC, Styles C, Kiely P, Margaritis A, Kwon SY, Qiu Y, Deng X, Lewin A, Jørgensen SW, Erikstrup C, Juhl D, Sauleda S, Camacho Rodriguez BA, Soto Coral LJC, Gaviria García PA, Oota S, O'Brien SF, Wendel S, Castro E, Navarro Pérez L, Harvala H, Davison K, Reynolds C, Jarvis L, Grabarczyk P, Kopacz A, Łętowska M, O'Flaherty N, Young F, Williams P, Burke L, Chua SS, Muylaert A, Page I, Jones A, Niederhauser C, Vermeulen M, Laperche S, Gallian P, Satake M, Addas-Carvalho M, Blanco S, Gallego SV, Seltsam A, Weber-Schehl M, Al-Riyami AZ, Al Maamari K, Alawi FB, Pandey HC, França RA, Charlewood R. An international review of the characteristics of viral nucleic acid-amplification testing (NAT) reveals a trend towards the use of smaller pool sizes and individual donation NAT. Vox Sang 2024. [PMID: 38516962 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Nucleic acid-amplification testing (NAT) is used for screening blood donations/donors for blood-borne viruses. We reviewed global viral NAT characteristics and NAT-yield confirmatory testing used by blood operators. MATERIALS AND METHODS NAT characteristics and NAT-yield confirmatory testing used during 2019 was surveyed internationally by the International Society of Blood Transfusion Working Party Transfusion-Transmitted Infectious Diseases. Reported characteristics are presented herein. RESULTS NAT was mainly performed under government mandate. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) NAT was performed on all donors and donation types, while selective testing was reported for West Nile virus, hepatitis E virus (HEV), and Zika virus. Individual donation NAT was used for HIV, HCV and HBV by ~50% of responders, while HEV was screened in mini-pools by 83% of responders performing HEV NAT. Confirmatory testing for NAT-yield samples was generally performed by NAT on a sample from the same donation or by NAT and serology on samples from the same donation and a follow-up sample. CONCLUSION In the last decade, there has been a trend towards use of smaller pool sizes or individual donation NAT. We captured characteristics of NAT internationally in 2019 and provide insights into confirmatory testing approaches used for NAT-yields, potentially benefitting blood operators seeking to implement NAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Faddy
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Petrie, Queensland, Australia
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carla Osiowy
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Brian Custer
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael Busch
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Melinda M Dean
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Petrie, Queensland, Australia
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jessika Acutt
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Petrie, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elvina Viennet
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thijs van de Laar
- Department of Donor Medicine Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wai-Chiu Tsoi
- Hong Kong Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Hong Kong
| | - Claire Styles
- Pathology & Clinical Governance, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Phil Kiely
- Pathology & Clinical Governance, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Angelo Margaritis
- Manufacturing & Logistics, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Australia
| | - So-Yong Kwon
- Korean Red Cross Blood Services, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Qiu
- Beijing Red Cross Blood Centre, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | - David Juhl
- University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emma Castro
- Centro de Transfusión de la Comunidad Valenciana, Spain
| | | | - Heli Harvala
- Microbiology Services, NHS Blood and Transplant, UK
| | | | | | - Lisa Jarvis
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, UK
| | - Piotr Grabarczyk
- Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Kopacz
- Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Fiona Young
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Lisa Burke
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Isabel Page
- Centro de Hemoterapia y Hemodonacion de Castilla y Leon, Spain
| | | | - Christoph Niederhauser
- Interregional Blood Transfusion SRC, Switzerland
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | | | - Syria Laperche
- Etablissement Français du Sang, La Plaine Saint Denis, France
| | - Pierre Gallian
- Etablissement Français du Sang, La Plaine Saint Denis, France
| | | | | | | | - Sandra V Gallego
- Fundación Banco Central de Sangre, Argentina
- Virology Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Axel Seltsam
- Bavarian Red Cross Blood Donation Service, Wiesentheid, Germany
| | | | - Arwa Z Al-Riyami
- Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
| | | | - Fatma Ba Alawi
- Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
| | - Hem Chandra Pandey
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Candotti D, Drews SJ, Faddy HM. Monitoring viral genomic sequences in transfusion-transmitted viruses. Vox Sang 2023. [PMID: 37259832 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Monitoring genomic sequences of blood-borne viruses infecting blood donors enables blood operators to undertake molecular epidemiology, confirm transfusion transmission and assess and characterize molecular and serological screening assays. The purpose of the study was to determine how blood operators globally value viral diversity surveillance and to assess its impact. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic questionnaire was developed and circulated to members of the International Society of Blood Transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases working party. Responses were compiled and complete data sets were analysed. RESULTS Ninety-seven percent of respondents agreed that monitoring viral genomic sequences was important to blood operators and the transfusion community. However, only 47% of respondents are currently doing this monitoring. The main limitations reported were a lack of financial resources and expertise. Sequencing techniques, primarily next-generation sequencing and also Sanger sequencing, were considered most appropriate, with the preferred option for testing being regional or national reference centres. Respondents agreed that engagement with public health authorities needs to be enhanced. CONCLUSION Monitoring genomic sequences of blood-borne viruses is widely considered important by the transfusion community because of its direct applications for transfusion safety, and beyond for public health in general. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen collaboration between blood operators and public health authorities. While national and regional reference centres may be the most appropriate structure for such testing, international collaborations should not be overlooked. Overcoming financial barriers will be an important hurdle for many.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Candotti
- Department of Blood Transmitted Agents, National Institute of Blood Transfusion, Paris, France
- Department of Virology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Paris-Est University, Inserm U955-IMRB-Team 18, Créteil, France
| | - Steven J Drews
- Department of Microbiology, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Diagnostic and Applied Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Helen M Faddy
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Petrie, Queensland, Australia
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Australia
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4
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Hobson‐Peters J, Amarilla AA, Rustanti L, Marks DC, Roulis E, Khromykh AA, Modhiran N, Watterson D, Reichenberg S, Tolksdorf F, Sumian C, Seltsam A, Gravemann U, Faddy HM. Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in platelet concentrates or plasma following treatment with ultraviolet C light or with methylene blue combined with visible light. Transfusion 2023; 63:288-293. [PMID: 36573801 PMCID: PMC9880728 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is unlikely to be a major transfusion-transmitted pathogen; however, convalescent plasma is a treatment option used in some regions. The risk of transfusion-transmitted infections can be minimized by implementing Pathogen Inactivation (PI), such as THERAFLEX MB-plasma and THERAFLEX UV-Platelets systems. Here we examined the capability of these PI systems to inactivate SARS-CoV-2. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS SARS-CoV-2 spiked plasma units were treated using the THERAFLEX MB-Plasma system in the presence of methylene blue (~0.8 μmol/L; visible light doses: 20, 40, 60, and 120 [standard] J/cm2 ). SARS-CoV-2 spiked platelet concentrates (PCs) were treated using the THERAFLEX UV-platelets system (UVC doses: 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 [standard] J/cm2 ). Samples were taken prior to the first and after each illumination dose, and viral infectivity was assessed using an immunoplaque assay. RESULTS Treatment of spiked plasma with the THERAFLEX MB-Plasma system resulted in an average ≥5.03 log10 reduction in SARS-CoV-2 infectivity at one third (40 J/cm2 ) of the standard visible light dose. For the platelet concentrates (PCs), treatment with the THERAFLEX UV-Platelets system resulted in an average ≥5.18 log10 reduction in SARS-CoV-2 infectivity at the standard UVC dose (0.2 J/cm2 ). CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 infectivity was reduced in plasma and platelets following treatment with the THERAFLEX MB-Plasma and THERAFLEX UV-Platelets systems, to the limit of detection, respectively. These PI technologies could therefore be an effective option to reduce the risk of transfusion-transmitted emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody Hobson‐Peters
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of ExcellenceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Alberto A. Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Lina Rustanti
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross LifebloodBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Denese C. Marks
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross LifebloodBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Eileen Roulis
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross LifebloodBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Alexander A. Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of ExcellenceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of ExcellenceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | | | | | | | - Axel Seltsam
- Bavarian Red Cross Blood ServiceNurembergGermany
| | | | - Helen M. Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross LifebloodBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia,School of Health and Behavioural SciencesUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSunshine CoastQueenslandAustralia
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Barbosa AD, Long M, Lee W, Austen JM, Cunneen M, Ratchford A, Burns B, Kumarasinghe P, Ben-Othman R, Kollmann TR, Stewart CR, Beaman M, Parry R, Hall R, Tabor A, O’Donovan J, Faddy HM, Collins M, Cheng AC, Stenos J, Graves S, Oskam CL, Ryan UM, Irwin PJ. The Troublesome Ticks Research Protocol: Developing a Comprehensive, Multidiscipline Research Plan for Investigating Human Tick-Associated Disease in Australia. Pathogens 2022; 11:1290. [PMID: 36365042 PMCID: PMC9694322 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In Australia, there is a paucity of data about the extent and impact of zoonotic tick-related illnesses. Even less is understood about a multifaceted illness referred to as Debilitating Symptom Complexes Attributed to Ticks (DSCATT). Here, we describe a research plan for investigating the aetiology, pathophysiology, and clinical outcomes of human tick-associated disease in Australia. Our approach focuses on the transmission of potential pathogens and the immunological responses of the patient after a tick bite. The protocol is strengthened by prospective data collection, the recruitment of two external matched control groups, and sophisticated integrative data analysis which, collectively, will allow the robust demonstration of associations between a tick bite and the development of clinical and pathological abnormalities. Various laboratory analyses are performed including metagenomics to investigate the potential transmission of bacteria, protozoa and/or viruses during tick bite. In addition, multi-omics technology is applied to investigate links between host immune responses and potential infectious and non-infectious disease causations. Psychometric profiling is also used to investigate whether psychological attributes influence symptom development. This research will fill important knowledge gaps about tick-borne diseases. Ultimately, we hope the results will promote improved diagnostic outcomes, and inform the safe management and treatment of patients bitten by ticks in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D. Barbosa
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia 70040-020, DF, Brazil
| | - Michelle Long
- Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Wenna Lee
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Jill M. Austen
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Mike Cunneen
- The App Workshop Pty Ltd., Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Andrew Ratchford
- Emergency Department, Northern Beaches Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2086, Australia
- School of Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Brian Burns
- Emergency Department, Northern Beaches Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2086, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Sydney University, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Prasad Kumarasinghe
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- College of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Western Dermatology, Hollywood Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | | | | | - Cameron R. Stewart
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Miles Beaman
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia
| | - Rhys Parry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Roy Hall
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ala Tabor
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre of Animal Science, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Justine O’Donovan
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Sydney, NSW 2015, Australia
| | - Helen M. Faddy
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Sydney, NSW 2015, Australia
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Petrie, QLD 4502, Australia
| | - Marjorie Collins
- School of Psychology, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Allen C. Cheng
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - John Stenos
- Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Stephen Graves
- Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Charlotte L. Oskam
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Una M. Ryan
- Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Peter J. Irwin
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
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6
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Panahi E, Stanisic DI, Skinner EB, Faddy HM, Young MK, Herrero LJ. Detection of Leishmania (Mundinia) macropodum (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) and heterologous Leishmania species antibodies among blood donors in a region of Australia with marsupial Leishmania endemicity. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 130:42-47. [PMID: 36241162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Australian Leishmania (Mundinia) macropodum parasite causes cutaneous leishmaniasis among marsupial species. Although cutaneous leishmaniasis is a major public health burden worldwide, it is not clear if humans are naturally exposed to the unique L. macropodum. To assess whether humans have an immunoglobulin (Ig) G response to L. macropodum, we examined anti-Leishmania antibodies among humans residing in a region of marsupial Leishmania endemicity in Australia. METHODS Using a serological enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we characterized Leishmania-specific IgG and IgG subclass responses to soluble Leishmania antigen from L. macropodum, and other Leishmania species (L. donovani, L. major, and L. mexicana) in 282 blood donor samples. RESULTS We found that 20.57% of individuals demonstrated a positive total IgG response to L. macropodum. For individuals with antibodies to soluble Leishmania antigen from one Leishmania species, there was no increased likelihood of recognition to other Leishmania species. For samples with detectable L. macropodum IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 were the prevalent subclasses detected. CONCLUSION It is not yet clear whether the IgG antibody detection in this study reflects exposure to Leishmania parasites or a cross-reactive immune response that was induced against an unrelated immunogen. Future studies should investigate whether L. macropodum can result in a viable infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Panahi
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | | | - Eloise B Skinner
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA; Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Helen M Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Australia; School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Petrie, Australia
| | - Megan K Young
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Lara J Herrero
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, Australia.
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7
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White T, Mincham G, Montgomery BL, Jansen CC, Huang X, Williams CR, Flower RLP, Faddy HM, Frentiu FD, Viennet E. Past and future epidemic potential of chikungunya virus in Australia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009963. [PMID: 34784371 PMCID: PMC8631637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Australia is theoretically at risk of epidemic chikungunya virus (CHIKV) activity as the principal vectors are present on the mainland Aedes aegypti) and some islands of the Torres Strait (Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus). Both vectors are highly invasive and adapted to urban environments with a capacity to expand their distributions into south-east Queensland and other states in Australia. We sought to estimate the epidemic potential of CHIKV, which is not currently endemic in Australia, by considering exclusively transmission by the established vector in Australia, Ae. aegypti, due to the historical relevance and anthropophilic nature of the vector. Methodology/Principal findings We estimated the historical (1995–2019) epidemic potential of CHIKV in eleven Australian locations, including the Torres Strait, using a basic reproduction number equation. We found that the main urban centres of Northern Australia could sustain an epidemic of CHIKV. We then estimated future trends in epidemic potential for the main centres for the years 2020 to 2029. We also conducted uncertainty and sensitivity analyses on the variables comprising the basic reproduction number and found high sensitivity to mosquito population size, human population size, impact of vector control and human infectious period. Conclusions/Significance By estimating the epidemic potential for CHIKV transmission on mainland Australia and the Torres Strait, we identified key areas of focus for controlling vector populations and reducing human exposure. As the epidemic potential of the virus is estimated to rise towards 2029, a greater focus on control and prevention measures should be implemented in at-risk locations. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes and causes a potentially debilitating febrile and arthralgic disease. The virus is a threat to public health in regions where the primary vectors are established, as evidenced by past epidemics in the Indian Ocean Islands, South America and the Caribbean. In Australia, there are established populations of Ae. aegypti both on the mainland and in the Torres Strait, and of Ae. albopictus in the Torres Strait. This provides a theoretical potential for CHIKV transmission, as seen historically with dengue virus (DENV). It is therefore important to understand the epidemic potential of CHIKV in Australia. We estimated the basic reproduction number (R0) of CHIKV during the years 1995–2019 for 11 Urban Centres and Localities (UCLs) in Australia, and found that Brisbane, Cairns, Darwin, Rockhampton, Thursday Island, and Townsville were all susceptible to CHIKV epidemics. We then forecasted epidemic potential from 2020–2029 and found an increase in R0 across the six main UCLs. By highlighting factors that significantly influence the epidemic potential of CHIKV in Australia, our study supports evidence-based decision making for vector control and public health programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy White
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gina Mincham
- Research and Innovation Services, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Brian L. Montgomery
- Metro South Public Health Unit, Metro South Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cassie C. Jansen
- Communicable Diseases Branch, Queensland Department of Health, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig R. Williams
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert L. P. Flower
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen M. Faddy
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Petrie, Queensland, Australia
| | - Francesca D. Frentiu
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elvina Viennet
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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8
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Phan NMH, Faddy HM, Flower RL, Dimech WJ, Spann KM, Roulis EV. Low Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis B Virus Surface Gene amongst Australian Blood Donors. Viruses 2021; 13:1275. [PMID: 34208852 PMCID: PMC8310342 DOI: 10.3390/v13071275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants in the small surface gene of hepatitis B virus (HBV), which codes for viral surface antigen (HBsAg), can affect the efficacy of HBsAg screening assays and can be associated with occult HBV infection (OBI). This study aimed to characterise the molecular diversity of the HBV small surface gene from HBV-reactive Australian blood donors. HBV isolates from 16 HBsAg-positive Australian blood donors' plasma were sequenced and genotyped by phylogenies of viral coding genes and/or whole genomes. An analysis of the genetic diversity of eight HBV small surface genes from our 16 samples was conducted and compared with HBV sequences from NCBI of 164 international (non-Australian) blood donors. Genotypes A-D were identified in our samples. The region of HBV small surface gene that contained the sequence encoding the 'a' determinant had a greater genetic diversity than the remaining part of the gene. No escape mutants or OBI-related variants were observed in our samples. Variant call analysis revealed two samples with a nucleotide deletion leading to truncation of polymerase and/or large/middle surface amino acid sequences. Overall, we found that HBV small surface gene sequences from Australian donors demonstrated a lower level of genetic diversity than those from non-Australian donor population included in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Minh Hien Phan
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia; (H.M.F.); (R.L.F.); (K.M.S.); (E.V.R.)
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Helen M. Faddy
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia; (H.M.F.); (R.L.F.); (K.M.S.); (E.V.R.)
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Sunshine Coast, Petrie, Queensland 4502, Australia
| | - Robert L. Flower
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia; (H.M.F.); (R.L.F.); (K.M.S.); (E.V.R.)
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Wayne J. Dimech
- Scientific & Business Relations, National Serology Reference Laboratory, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia;
| | - Kirsten M. Spann
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia; (H.M.F.); (R.L.F.); (K.M.S.); (E.V.R.)
| | - Eileen V. Roulis
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia; (H.M.F.); (R.L.F.); (K.M.S.); (E.V.R.)
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia
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9
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Rustanti L, Hobson-Peters J, Colmant AMG, Hall RA, Young PR, Reichenberg S, Tolksdorf F, Sumian C, Gravemann U, Seltsam A, Marks DC, Faddy HM. Inactivation of Japanese encephalitis virus in plasma by methylene blue combined with visible light and in platelet concentrates by ultraviolet C light. Transfusion 2020; 60:2655-2660. [PMID: 32830340 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is endemic to tropical areas in Asia and the Western Pacific. It can cause fatal encephalitis, although most infected individuals are asymptomatic. JEV is mainly transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito, but can also be transmitted through blood transfusion. To manage the potential risk of transfusion transmission, pathogen inactivation (PI) technologies, such as THERAFLEX MB-Plasma and THERAFLEX UV-Platelets systems, have been developed. We examined the efficacy of these two PI systems to inactivate JEV. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Japanese encephalitis virus-spiked plasma units were treated using the THERAFLEX MB-Plasma system (visible light doses, 20, 40, 60, and 120 [standard] J/cm2) in the presence of methylene blue at approximately 0.8 μmol/L and spiked platelet concentrates (PCs) were treated using the THERAFLEX UV-Platelets system (UVC doses, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 [standard] J/cm2). Samples were taken before the first and after each illumination dose and tested for infectivity using an immunoplaque assay. RESULTS Treatment of plasma with the THERAFLEX MB-Plasma system resulted in an average of 6.59 log reduction in JEV infectivity at one-sixth of the standard visible light dose (20 J/cm2). For PCs, treatment with the THERAFLEX UV-Platelet system resulted in an average of 7.02 log reduction in JEV infectivity at the standard UVC dose (0.20 J/cm2). CONCLUSIONS The THERAFLEX MB-Plasma and THERAFLEX UV-Platelets systems effectively inactivated JEV in plasma or PCs, and thus these PI technologies could be an effective option to reduce the risk of JEV transfusion transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Rustanti
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Australia
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Agathe M G Colmant
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Roy A Hall
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Ute Gravemann
- German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Springe, Germany
| | - Axel Seltsam
- German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Springe, Germany
| | - Denese C Marks
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Australia
| | - Helen M Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Australia.,School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
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10
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An T, Dean M, Flower R, Tatzenko T, Chan HT, Kiely P, Faddy HM. Understanding occult hepatitis C infection. Transfusion 2020; 60:2144-2152. [PMID: 33460181 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis C infection (OCI) is a type of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, defined as the presence of HCV RNA in hepatocytes or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the absence of HCV RNA in serum. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A literature review was conducted to identify articles that characterized OCI as a disease, including its epidemiology, mode of transmission, pattern of infection, progression, and treatment. RESULTS OCI patients experience a milder degree of inflammatory and cirrhotic changes than patients with chronic hepatitis C. OCI is transmissible parenterally both in vivo and in vitro, however the duration and outcome of OCI remains unclear. OCI is most consistently found in patients with previous hepatitis C disease and hemodialysis patients. Beyond the at-risk populations, OCI has also been demonstrated among healthy individuals and blood donors. CONCLUSIONS This review summarises our current understanding of OCI and suggests areas for further research to improve our understanding of this phenomenon, including a better understanding of its epidemiology and full clinical course. The current understanding of OCI and its clinical implications remain limited. Further standardized detection methods, ongoing surveillance, and investigation of its potential transmissions are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy An
- Research and Development, Australia Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melinda Dean
- Research and Development, Australia Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,School of Health and Sports Science, University of the Sunshine Coast, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert Flower
- Research and Development, Australia Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tayla Tatzenko
- Research and Development, Australia Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hiu Tat Chan
- Australia Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip Kiely
- Australia Red Cross Lifeblood, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen M Faddy
- Research and Development, Australia Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Health and Sports Science, University of the Sunshine Coast, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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11
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Viennet E, Frentiu FD, Williams CR, Mincham G, Jansen CC, Montgomery BL, Flower RLP, Faddy HM. Estimation of mosquito-borne and sexual transmission of Zika virus in Australia: Risks to blood transfusion safety. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008438. [PMID: 32663213 PMCID: PMC7380650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since 2015, Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks have occurred in the Americas and the Pacific involving mosquito-borne and sexual transmission. ZIKV has also emerged as a risk to global blood transfusion safety. Aedes aegypti, a mosquito well established in north and some parts of central and southern Queensland, Australia, transmits ZIKV. Aedes albopictus, another potential ZIKV vector, is a threat to mainland Australia. Since these conditions create the potential for local transmission in Australia and a possible uncertainty in the effectiveness of blood donor risk-mitigation programs, we investigated the possible impact of mosquito-borne and sexual transmission of ZIKV in Australia on local blood transfusion safety. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We estimated 'best-' and 'worst-' case scenarios of monthly reproduction number (R0) for both transmission pathways of ZIKV from 1996-2015 in 11 urban or regional population centres, by varying epidemiological and entomological estimates. We then estimated the attack rate and subsequent number of infectious people to quantify the ZIKV transfusion-transmission risk using the European Up-Front Risk Assessment Tool. For all scenarios and with both vector species R0 was lower than one for ZIKV transmission. However, a higher risk of a sustained outbreak was estimated for Cairns, Rockhampton, Thursday Island, and theoretically in Darwin during the warmest months of the year. The yearly estimation of the risk of transmitting ZIKV infection by blood transfusion remained low through the study period for all locations, with the highest potential risk estimated in Darwin. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Given the increasing demand for plasma products in Australia, the current strategy of restricting donors returning from infectious disease outbreak regions to source plasma collection provides a simple and effective risk management approach. However, if local transmission was suspected in the main urban centres of Australia, potentially facilitated by the geographic range expansion of Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus, this mitigation strategy would need urgent review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvina Viennet
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Francesca D. Frentiu
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig R. Williams
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gina Mincham
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Cassie C. Jansen
- Communicable Diseases Branch, Queensland Department of Health, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brian L. Montgomery
- Metro South Public Health Unit, Metro South Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert L. P. Flower
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen M. Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
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12
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Nguyen W, Nakayama E, Yan K, Tang B, Le TT, Liu L, Cooper TH, Hayball JD, Faddy HM, Warrilow D, Allcock RJN, Hobson-Peters J, Hall RA, Rawle DJ, Lutzky VP, Young P, Oliveira NM, Hartel G, Howley PM, Prow NA, Suhrbier A. Arthritogenic Alphavirus Vaccines: Serogrouping Versus Cross-Protection in Mouse Models. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020209. [PMID: 32380760 PMCID: PMC7349283 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Ross River virus (RRV), o’nyong nyong virus (ONNV), Mayaro virus (MAYV) and Getah virus (GETV) represent arthritogenic alphaviruses belonging to the Semliki Forest virus antigenic complex. Antibodies raised against one of these viruses can cross-react with other serogroup members, suggesting that, for instance, a CHIKV vaccine (deemed commercially viable) might provide cross-protection against antigenically related alphaviruses. Herein we use human alphavirus isolates (including a new human RRV isolate) and wild-type mice to explore whether infection with one virus leads to cross-protection against viremia after challenge with other members of the antigenic complex. Persistently infected Rag1-/- mice were also used to assess the cross-protective capacity of convalescent CHIKV serum. We also assessed the ability of a recombinant poxvirus-based CHIKV vaccine and a commercially available formalin-fixed, whole-virus GETV vaccine to induce cross-protective responses. Although cross-protection and/or cross-reactivity were clearly evident, they were not universal and were often suboptimal. Even for the more closely related viruses (e.g., CHIKV and ONNV, or RRV and GETV), vaccine-mediated neutralization and/or protection against the intended homologous target was significantly more effective than cross-neutralization and/or cross-protection against the heterologous virus. Effective vaccine-mediated cross-protection would thus likely require a higher dose and/or more vaccinations, which is likely to be unattractive to regulators and vaccine manufacturers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Nguyen
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, Australia; (W.N.); (E.N.); (K.Y.); (B.T.); (T.T.L.); (D.J.R.); (V.P.L.)
| | - Eri Nakayama
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, Australia; (W.N.); (E.N.); (K.Y.); (B.T.); (T.T.L.); (D.J.R.); (V.P.L.)
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-0052, Japan
| | - Kexin Yan
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, Australia; (W.N.); (E.N.); (K.Y.); (B.T.); (T.T.L.); (D.J.R.); (V.P.L.)
| | - Bing Tang
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, Australia; (W.N.); (E.N.); (K.Y.); (B.T.); (T.T.L.); (D.J.R.); (V.P.L.)
| | - Thuy T. Le
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, Australia; (W.N.); (E.N.); (K.Y.); (B.T.); (T.T.L.); (D.J.R.); (V.P.L.)
| | - Liang Liu
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, SA 5000, Australia; (L.L.); (T.H.C.); (J.D.H.)
| | - Tamara H. Cooper
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, SA 5000, Australia; (L.L.); (T.H.C.); (J.D.H.)
| | - John D. Hayball
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, SA 5000, Australia; (L.L.); (T.H.C.); (J.D.H.)
| | - Helen M. Faddy
- Research and Development Laboratory, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Qld 4059, Australia;
| | - David Warrilow
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, PO Box 594, Archerfield, Qld 4108, Australia;
| | - Richard J. N. Allcock
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia;
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia; (J.H.-P.); (R.A.H.); (P.Y.)
| | - Roy A. Hall
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia; (J.H.-P.); (R.A.H.); (P.Y.)
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, Qld 4027 & 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Rawle
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, Australia; (W.N.); (E.N.); (K.Y.); (B.T.); (T.T.L.); (D.J.R.); (V.P.L.)
| | - Viviana P. Lutzky
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, Australia; (W.N.); (E.N.); (K.Y.); (B.T.); (T.T.L.); (D.J.R.); (V.P.L.)
| | - Paul Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia; (J.H.-P.); (R.A.H.); (P.Y.)
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, Qld 4027 & 4072, Australia
| | - Nidia M. Oliveira
- Deptartment of Microbiology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Gunter Hartel
- Statistics Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld 4029, Australia;
| | | | - Natalie A. Prow
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, Australia; (W.N.); (E.N.); (K.Y.); (B.T.); (T.T.L.); (D.J.R.); (V.P.L.)
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, SA 5000, Australia; (L.L.); (T.H.C.); (J.D.H.)
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, Qld 4027 & 4072, Australia
- Correspondence: (N.A.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4029, Australia; (W.N.); (E.N.); (K.Y.); (B.T.); (T.T.L.); (D.J.R.); (V.P.L.)
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Brisbane, Qld 4027 & 4072, Australia
- Correspondence: (N.A.P.); (A.S.)
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13
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Perros AJ, Chong F, Engkilde-Pedersen S, Esguerra-Lallen A, Rooks K, Faddy HM, Hewlett E, Naidoo R, Tung JP, Fraser JF, Tesar P, Ziegenfuss M, Smith S, O’Brien D, Flower RL, Dean MM. Coronary artery bypass grafting surgery differentially modulates the leucocyte gene expression profile. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.69.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery triggers a systemic inflammatory response activating leucocyte subsets and cytokine secretion. Changes to the patient immune profile post-surgery may contribute to adverse outcomes such as infection. Investigating patient immune modulation at the molecular level may improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms associated with adverse outcomes post-surgery. This study assessed changes to the leucocyte gene expression profile of CABG patients (n=50) at 5 time-points (admission, intra-operative, ICU, day 3, day 5). RNA was isolated from freshly collected whole blood for cDNA synthesis, pre-amplification and RT-PCR of 48 genes using the TaqMan Gene Expression Array Cards (Applied Biosystems). Gene expression at each time-point was compared to admission (repeated-measures one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-test; P<0.05). Antigen presentation capacity was decreased throughout the post-operative period, evidenced by reduced expression of key regulator genes TAP1, TAP2, HLA-DRA and CD40. CABG surgery increased gene expression of cytokines and chemokines including IL-12A, IL-6 and TNF before decreasing throughout the post-operative period. CABG also modulated the expression of signalling molecules including JAK1, RELA and STAT3, however expression returned towards baseline levels post-surgery. This study demonstrated CABG significantly impaired the patient immune response and key immune pathways at the molecular level. Understanding how CABG alters the patient immune profile assists in elucidating underlying mechanisms of adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J Perros
- 1Research & Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Australia
- 2School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Australia
- 3Critical Care Research Group (CCRG), The Prince Charles Hospital, Australia
| | - Fenny Chong
- 1Research & Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Australia
| | - Sanne Engkilde-Pedersen
- 1Research & Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Australia
- 3Critical Care Research Group (CCRG), The Prince Charles Hospital, Australia
- 4Adult Intensive Care Services, The Prince Charles Hospital, Australia
| | - Arlanna Esguerra-Lallen
- 1Research & Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Australia
- 3Critical Care Research Group (CCRG), The Prince Charles Hospital, Australia
- 4Adult Intensive Care Services, The Prince Charles Hospital, Australia
| | - Kelly Rooks
- 1Research & Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Australia
| | - Helen M Faddy
- 1Research & Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Australia
- 2School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Australia
- 5Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
- 6School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia
| | - Elise Hewlett
- 1Research & Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Australia
| | - Rishendran Naidoo
- 7Cardiothoracic Surgery Program, The Prince Charles Hospital, Australia
| | - John-Paul Tung
- 1Research & Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Australia
- 2School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Australia
- 3Critical Care Research Group (CCRG), The Prince Charles Hospital, Australia
- 5Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - John F Fraser
- 2School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Australia
- 3Critical Care Research Group (CCRG), The Prince Charles Hospital, Australia
- 4Adult Intensive Care Services, The Prince Charles Hospital, Australia
| | - Peter Tesar
- 7Cardiothoracic Surgery Program, The Prince Charles Hospital, Australia
| | - Marc Ziegenfuss
- 4Adult Intensive Care Services, The Prince Charles Hospital, Australia
| | - Susan Smith
- 7Cardiothoracic Surgery Program, The Prince Charles Hospital, Australia
| | - Donalee O’Brien
- 7Cardiothoracic Surgery Program, The Prince Charles Hospital, Australia
| | - Robert L Flower
- 1Research & Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Australia
- 5Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Melinda M Dean
- 1Research & Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Australia
- 3Critical Care Research Group (CCRG), The Prince Charles Hospital, Australia
- 6School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia
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14
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Perros AJ, Esguerra‐Lallen A, Rooks K, Chong F, Engkilde‐Pedersen S, Faddy HM, Hewlett E, Naidoo R, Tung J, Fraser JF, Tesar P, Ziegenfuss M, Smith S, O’Brien D, Flower RL, Dean MM. Coronary artery bypass grafting is associated with immunoparalysis of monocytes and dendritic cells. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4791-4803. [PMID: 32180339 PMCID: PMC7176880 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) triggers a systemic inflammatory response that may contribute to adverse outcomes. Dendritic cells (DC) and monocytes are immunoregulatory cells potentially affected by CABG, contributing to an altered immune state. This study investigated changes in DC and monocyte responses in CABG patients at 5 time-points: admission, peri-operative, ICU, day 3 and day 5. Whole blood from 49 CABG patients was used in an ex vivo whole blood culture model to prospectively assess DC and monocyte responses. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was added in parallel to model responses to an infectious complication. Co-stimulatory and adhesion molecule expression and intracellular mediator production was measured by flow cytometry. CABG modulated monocyte and DC responses. In addition, DC and monocytes were immunoparalysed, evidenced by failure of co-stimulatory and adhesion molecules (eg HLA-DR), and intracellular mediators (eg IL-6) to respond to LPS stimulation. DC and monocyte modulation was associated with prolonged ICU length of stay and post-operative atrial fibrillation. DC and monocyte cytokine production did not recover by day 5 post-surgery. This study provides evidence that CABG modulates DC and monocyte responses. Using an ex vivo model to assess immune competency of CABG patients may help identify biomarkers to predict adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J. Perros
- Research and DevelopmentAustralian Red Cross LifebloodBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- School of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Critical Care Research Group (CCRG)The Prince Charles HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Arlanna Esguerra‐Lallen
- Research and DevelopmentAustralian Red Cross LifebloodBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Critical Care Research Group (CCRG)The Prince Charles HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Adult Intensive Care ServicesThe Prince Charles HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Kelly Rooks
- Research and DevelopmentAustralian Red Cross LifebloodBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Fenny Chong
- Research and DevelopmentAustralian Red Cross LifebloodBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Sanne Engkilde‐Pedersen
- Research and DevelopmentAustralian Red Cross LifebloodBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Critical Care Research Group (CCRG)The Prince Charles HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Adult Intensive Care ServicesThe Prince Charles HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Helen M. Faddy
- Research and DevelopmentAustralian Red Cross LifebloodBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- School of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Faculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- School of Health and Sport SciencesUniversity of the Sunshine CoastPetrieQLDAustralia
| | - Elise Hewlett
- Research and DevelopmentAustralian Red Cross LifebloodBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Rishendran Naidoo
- Cardiothoracic Surgery ProgramThe Prince Charles HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - John‐Paul Tung
- Research and DevelopmentAustralian Red Cross LifebloodBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- School of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Critical Care Research Group (CCRG)The Prince Charles HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Faculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - John F. Fraser
- School of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Critical Care Research Group (CCRG)The Prince Charles HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Adult Intensive Care ServicesThe Prince Charles HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Peter Tesar
- Cardiothoracic Surgery ProgramThe Prince Charles HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Marc Ziegenfuss
- Adult Intensive Care ServicesThe Prince Charles HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Susan Smith
- Cardiothoracic Surgery ProgramThe Prince Charles HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Donalee O’Brien
- Cardiothoracic Surgery ProgramThe Prince Charles HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Robert L. Flower
- Research and DevelopmentAustralian Red Cross LifebloodBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Faculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Melinda M. Dean
- Research and DevelopmentAustralian Red Cross LifebloodBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Critical Care Research Group (CCRG)The Prince Charles HospitalBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- School of Health and Sport SciencesUniversity of the Sunshine CoastPetrieQLDAustralia
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15
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Gyawali N, Taylor-Robinson AW, Bradbury RS, Pederick W, Faddy HM, Aaskov JG. Neglected Australian Arboviruses Associated With Undifferentiated Febrile Illnesses. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2818. [PMID: 31866981 PMCID: PMC6908948 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections with commonly occurring Australian arthropod-borne arboviruses such as Ross River virus (RRV) and Barmah Forest virus (BFV) are diagnosed routinely by pathology laboratories in Australia. Others, such as Murray Valley encephalitis (MVEV) and Kunjin (KUNV) virus infections may be diagnosed by specialist reference laboratories. Although Alfuy (ALFV), Edge Hill (EHV), Kokobera (KOKV), Sindbis (SINV), and Stratford (STRV) viruses are known to infect humans in Australia, all are considered 'neglected.' The aetiologies of approximately half of all cases of undifferentiated febrile illnesses (UFI) in Australia are unknown and it is possible that some of these are caused by the neglected arboviruses. The aims of this study were to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against several neglected Australian arboviruses among residents of Queensland, north-east Australia, and to ascertain whether any are associated with UFI. One hundred age- and sex-stratified human plasma samples from blood donors in Queensland were tested to determine the prevalence of neutralising antibodies against ALFV, BFV, EHV, KOKV, KUNV, MVEV, RRV, SINV, and STRV. The seroconversion rates for RRV and BFV infections were 1.3 and 0.3% per annum, respectively. The prevalence of antibodies against ALFV was too low to enable estimates of annual infection rates to be determined, but the values obtained for other neglected viruses, EHV (0.1%), KOKV (0.05%), and STRV (0.05%), indicated that the numbers of clinical infections occurring with these agents are likely to be extremely small. This was borne out by the observation that only 5.7% of a panel of 492 acute phase sera from UFI patients contained IgM against any of these arboviruses, as detected by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. While none of these neglected arboviruses appear to be a cause of a significant number of UFIs in Australia at this time, each has the potential to emerge as a significant human pathogen if there are changes to their ecological niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Gyawali
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew W. Taylor-Robinson
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Richard S. Bradbury
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Wayne Pederick
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Helen M. Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John G. Aaskov
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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16
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Ki KK, Faddy HM, Flower RL, Dean MM. Packed Red Blood Cell Transfusion Modulates Myeloid Dendritic Cell Activation and Inflammatory Response In Vitro. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 38:111-121. [PMID: 29565746 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2017.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfusion of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) modulates patients' immune responses and clinical outcomes; however, the underpinning mechanism(s) remain unknown. The potential for PRBC to modulate myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) and blood DC antigen 3 was assessed using an in vitro transfusion model. In parallel, to model processes activated by viral or bacterial infection, toll-like receptor agonists polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid or lipopolysaccharide were added. Exposure to PRBC upregulated expression of CD83 and downregulated CD40 and CD80 on both DC subsets, and it suppressed production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 by these cells. Similar effects were observed when modeling processes activated by concurrent infection. Furthermore, exposure to PRBC at date of expiry was associated with more pronounced effects in all assays. Our study suggests PRBC have an impact on recipient DC function, which may result in failure to establish an appropriate immune response, particularly in patients with underlying infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina K Ki
- 1 Research and Development Laboratory, The Australian Red Cross Blood Service , Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia .,2 School of Medicine, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen M Faddy
- 1 Research and Development Laboratory, The Australian Red Cross Blood Service , Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia .,2 School of Medicine, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert L Flower
- 1 Research and Development Laboratory, The Australian Red Cross Blood Service , Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melinda M Dean
- 1 Research and Development Laboratory, The Australian Red Cross Blood Service , Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
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17
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Wimalasiri-Yapa BMCR, Stassen L, Huang X, Hafner LM, Hu W, Devine GJ, Yakob L, Jansen CC, Faddy HM, Viennet E, Frentiu FD. Chikungunya virus in Asia - Pacific: a systematic review. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:70-79. [PMID: 30866761 PMCID: PMC6455125 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2018.1559708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that causes an acute febrile syndrome and severe, debilitating rheumatic disorders in humans that may persist for months. CHIKV’s presence in Asia dates from at least 1954, but its epidemiological profile in the region remains poorly understood. We systematically reviewed CHIKV emergence, epidemiology, clinical features, atypical manifestations and distribution of virus genotypes, in 47 countries from South East Asia (SEA) and the Western Pacific Region (WPR) during the period 1954–2017. Following the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines, Pubmed and Scopus databases, surveillance reports available in the World Health Organisation (WHO) and government websites were systematically reviewed. Of the 3504 records identified, 461 were retained for data extraction. Although CHIKV has been circulating in Asia almost continuously since the 1950s, it has significantly expanded its geographic reach in the region from 2005 onwards. Most reports identified in the review originated from India. Although all ages and both sexes can be affected, younger children and the elderly are more prone to severe and occasionally fatal forms of the disease, with child fatalities recorded since 1963 from India. The most frequent clinical features identified were arthralgia, rash, fever and headache. Both the Asian and East-Central-South African (ECSA) genotypes circulate in SEA and WPR, with ECSA genotype now predominant. Our findings indicate a substantial but poorly documented burden of CHIKV infection in the Asia-Pacific region. An evidence-based consensus on typical clinical features of chikungunya could aid in enhanced diagnosis and improved surveillance of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M C Randika Wimalasiri-Yapa
- a Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , QLD , Australia.,b Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences , The Open University of Sri Lanka , Colombo , Sri Lanka
| | - Liesel Stassen
- a Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , QLD , Australia
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- a Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , QLD , Australia
| | - Louise M Hafner
- a Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , QLD , Australia
| | - Wenbiao Hu
- c Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Public Health and Social Work , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , QLD , Australia
| | - Gregor J Devine
- d Mosquito Control Laboratory , QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane , QLD , Australia
| | - Laith Yakob
- e Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases , The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , London , UK
| | - Cassie C Jansen
- f Communicable Diseases Branch, Department of Health , Queensland Government , Herston , QLD , Australia
| | - Helen M Faddy
- g Research and Development , Australian Red Cross Blood Service , Brisbane , QLD , Australia
| | - Elvina Viennet
- g Research and Development , Australian Red Cross Blood Service , Brisbane , QLD , Australia
| | - Francesca D Frentiu
- a Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , QLD , Australia
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18
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Faddy HM, Fryk JJ, Hall RA, Young PR, Reichenberg S, Tolksdorf F, Sumian C, Gravemann U, Seltsam A, Marks DC. Inactivation of yellow fever virus in plasma after treatment with methylene blue and visible light and in platelet concentrates following treatment with ultraviolet C light. Transfusion 2019; 59:2223-2227. [PMID: 31050821 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yellow fever virus (YFV) is endemic to tropical and subtropical areas in South America and Africa, and is currently a major public health threat in Brazil. Transfusion transmission of the yellow fever vaccine virus has been demonstrated, which is indicative of the potential for viral transfusion transmission. An approach to manage the potential YFV transfusion transmission risk is the use of pathogen inactivation (PI) technology systems, such as THERAFLEX MB-Plasma and THERAFLEX UV-Platelets (Macopharma). We aimed to investigate the efficacy of these PI technology systems to inactivate YFV in plasma or platelet concentrates (PCs). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS YFV spiked plasma units were treated using THERAFLEX MB-Plasma system (visible light doses: 20, 40, 60, and 120 [standard] J/cm2 ) in the presence of methylene blue (approx. 0.8 μmol/L) and spiked PCs were treated using THERAFLEX UV-Platelets system (ultraviolet C doses: 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 [standard] J/cm2 ). Samples were taken before the first and after each illumination dose and tested for residual virus using a modified plaque assay. RESULTS YFV infectivity was reduced by an average of 4.77 log or greater in plasma treated with the THERAFLEX MB-Plasma system and by 4.8 log or greater in PCs treated with THERAFLEX UV-Platelets system. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests the THERAFLEX MB-Plasma and the THERAFLEX UV-Platelets systems can efficiently inactivate YFV in plasma or PCs to a similar degree as that for other arboviruses. Given the reduction levels observed in this study, these PI technology systems could be an effective option for managing YFV transfusion-transmission risk in plasma and PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jesse J Fryk
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Roy A Hall
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Ute Gravemann
- German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Springe, Germany
| | - Axel Seltsam
- German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Springe, Germany
| | - Denese C Marks
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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19
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Faddy HM, Rooks KM, Irwin PJ, Viennet E, Paparini A, Seed CR, Stramer SL, Harley RJ, Chan HT, Dennington PM, Flower RLP. No evidence for widespread Babesia microti transmission in Australia. Transfusion 2019; 59:2368-2374. [PMID: 31070793 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A fatal case of autochthonous Babesia microti infection was reported in Australia in 2012. This has implications for Australian public health and, given that babesiosis is transfusion transmissible, has possible implications for Australian blood transfusion recipients. We investigated the seroprevalence of antibodies to B. microti in Australian blood donors and in patients with clinically suspected babesiosis. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Plasma samples (n = 7,000) from donors donating in at-risk areas and clinical specimens from patients with clinically suspected babesiosis (n = 29) were tested for B. microti IgG by immunofluorescence assay (IFA). IFA initially reactive samples were tested for B. microti IgG and IgM by immunoblot and B. microti DNA by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Although five donors were initially reactive for B. microti IgG by IFA, none was confirmed for B. microti IgG (zero estimate; 95% confidence interval, 0%-0.05%) and all were negative for B. microti DNA. None of the patient samples had B. microti IgG, IgM, or DNA. CONCLUSIONS This study does not provide evidence for widespread exposure to B. microti in Australian blood donors at local theoretical risk, nor does it provide evidence of B. microti infection in Australian patients with clinically suspected babesiosis. Given that confirmed evidence of previous exposure to B. microti was not seen, these data suggest that transmission of this pathogen is currently uncommon in Australia and unlikely to pose a risk to transfusion safety at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kelly M Rooks
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter J Irwin
- Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elvina Viennet
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Clive R Seed
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Susan L Stramer
- American Red Cross Scientific Affairs, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Robert J Harley
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hiu-Tat Chan
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peta M Dennington
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert L P Flower
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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20
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Perros AJ, Esguerra-Lallen A, Rooks K, Chong FN, Engkilde-Pedersen S, Faddy HM, Hewlett E, Naidoo R, Tung JP, Fraser JF, Tesar P, Ziegenfuss M, Smith S, O'Brien D, Flower RL, Dean MM. Coronary artery bypass grafting surgery is associated with immunoparalysis of monocytes and dendritic cells. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.182.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Exposure of patient blood to the bypass circuitry and re-perfusion of the heart at the end of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is associated with activation of leucocytes, the complement cascade and cytokine secretion. Dendritic cells (DC) and monocytes are immunoregulatory cells that may be impacted by CABG contributing to an altered immune status. This study investigated changes in the DC and monocyte immune profile in CABG patients at 5 time-points: admission, peri-operative, ICU, day 3 (D3) and day 5 (D5).
Methods
At each time point, freshly collected whole blood from 50 CABG patients was used in an ex-vivo whole blood culture model. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was added in parallel to model an infectious complication. Expression of DC and monocyte co-stimulatory and adhesion molecules and production of intracellular inflammatory mediators was measured via flow cytometry.
Results
CABG resulted in significant perturbation of monocyte and DC responses. DC and monocytes were immunoparalysed as evidenced by failure to respond to LPS stimulation. Modulation of DC and monocyte costimulatory and adhesion molecule expression and inflammatory mediator production was associated with prolonged length of stay in intensive care and post-operative atrial fibrillation. While DC and monocyte expression of co-stimulatory and adhesion molecules recovered towards baseline by D5 post-surgery, their capacity to produce inflammatory mediators did not.
Conclusions
DC and monocyte responses were significantly impaired following CABG. Use of an ex-vivo model to assess immune competency of cardiac surgery patients may provide a tool for the early prediction of adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J Perros
- 1Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Australia
- 2School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Australia
- 3Critical Care Research Group (CCRG), The Prince Charles Hospital, Australia
| | - Arlanna Esguerra-Lallen
- 1Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Australia
- 3Critical Care Research Group (CCRG), The Prince Charles Hospital, Australia
- 4Adult Intensive Care Services, The Prince Charles Hospital, Australia
| | - Kelly Rooks
- 1Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Australia
| | - Fenny N Chong
- 1Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Australia
| | - Sanne Engkilde-Pedersen
- 1Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Australia
- 3Critical Care Research Group (CCRG), The Prince Charles Hospital, Australia
- 4Adult Intensive Care Services, The Prince Charles Hospital, Australia
| | - Helen M Faddy
- 1Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Australia
- 2School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Australia
- 5Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Elise Hewlett
- 1Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Australia
| | - Rishendran Naidoo
- 6Cardiothoracic Surgery Program, The Prince Charles Hospital, Australia
| | - John-Paul Tung
- 1Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Australia
- 2School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Australia
- 3Critical Care Research Group (CCRG), The Prince Charles Hospital, Australia
- 5Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - John F Fraser
- 2School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Australia
- 3Critical Care Research Group (CCRG), The Prince Charles Hospital, Australia
- 4Adult Intensive Care Services, The Prince Charles Hospital, Australia
| | - Peter Tesar
- 6Cardiothoracic Surgery Program, The Prince Charles Hospital, Australia
| | - Marc Ziegenfuss
- 4Adult Intensive Care Services, The Prince Charles Hospital, Australia
| | - Susan Smith
- 6Cardiothoracic Surgery Program, The Prince Charles Hospital, Australia
| | - Donalee O'Brien
- 6Cardiothoracic Surgery Program, The Prince Charles Hospital, Australia
| | - Robert L Flower
- 1Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Australia
- 5Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Melinda M Dean
- 1Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Australia
- 3Critical Care Research Group (CCRG), The Prince Charles Hospital, Australia
- 5Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
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21
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Hugo LE, Stassen L, La J, Gosden E, Ekwudu O, Winterford C, Viennet E, Faddy HM, Devine GJ, Frentiu FD. Vector competence of Australian Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus for an epidemic strain of Zika virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007281. [PMID: 30946747 PMCID: PMC6467424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent epidemics of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Pacific and the Americas have highlighted its potential as an emerging pathogen of global importance. Both Aedes (Ae.) aegypti and Ae. albopictus are known to transmit ZIKV but variable vector competence has been observed between mosquito populations from different geographical regions and different virus strains. Since Australia remains at risk of ZIKV introduction, we evaluated the vector competence of local Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus for a Brazilian epidemic ZIKV strain. In addition, we evaluated the impact of daily temperature fluctuations around a mean of 28°C on ZIKV transmission and extrinsic incubation period. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Mosquitoes were orally challenged with a Brazilian ZIKV strain (8.8 log CCID50/ml) and maintained at either 28°C constant or fluctuating temperature conditions. At 3, 7 and 14 days post-infection (dpi), ZIKV RNA copies were quantified in mosquito bodies, as well as wings and legs, using qRT-PCR, while virus antigen in saliva (a proxy for transmission) was detected using a cell culture ELISA. Despite high body and disseminated infection rates in both vectors, the transmission rates of ZIKV in saliva of Ae. aegypti (50-60%) were significantly higher than in Ae. albopictus (10%) at 14 dpi. Both species supported a high viral load in bodies, with no significant differences between constant and fluctuating temperature conditions. However, a significant difference in viral load in wings and legs between species was observed, with higher titres in Ae. aegypti maintained at constant temperature conditions. For ZIKV transmission to occur in Ae. aegypti, a disseminated virus load threshold of 7.59 log10 copies had to be reached. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Australian Ae. aegypti are better able to transmit a Brazilian ZIKV strain than Ae. albopictus. The results are in agreement with the global consensus that Ae. aegypti is the major vector of ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon E. Hugo
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Liesel Stassen
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jessica La
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Edward Gosden
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - O’mezie Ekwudu
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Clay Winterford
- QIMR Berghofer Histotechnology Facility, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elvina Viennet
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen M. Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregor J. Devine
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Francesca D. Frentiu
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Gidding HF, Faddy HM, Durrheim DN, Graves SR, Nguyen C, Hutchinson P, Massey P, Wood N. Seroprevalence of Q fever among metropolitan and non‐metropolitan blood donors in New South Wales and Queensland, 2014–2015. Med J Aust 2019; 210:309-315. [DOI: 10.5694/mja2.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather F Gidding
- Northern Clinical SchoolUniversity of Sydney Sydney NSW
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases Sydney NSW
| | | | | | - Stephen R Graves
- Australian Rickettsial Reference LaboratoryUniversity Hospital Geelong VIC
| | - Chelsea Nguyen
- Australian Rickettsial Reference LaboratoryUniversity Hospital Geelong VIC
| | | | - Peter Massey
- Hunter New England Local Health District Newcastle NSW
- University of New England Armidale NSW
| | - Nicholas Wood
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases Sydney NSW
- University of Sydney Sydney NSW
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23
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Henss L, Yue C, Kandler J, Faddy HM, Simmons G, Panning M, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Baylis SA, Schnierle BS. Establishment of an Alphavirus-Specific Neutralization Assay to Distinguish Infections with Different Members of the Semliki Forest complex. Viruses 2019; 11:v11010082. [PMID: 30669393 PMCID: PMC6356848 DOI: 10.3390/v11010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alphaviruses are transmitted by arthropod vectors and can be found worldwide. Alphaviruses of the Semliki Forest complex such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Mayaro virus (MAYV) or Ross River virus (RRV) cause acute febrile illness and long-lasting arthralgia in humans, which cannot be clinically discriminated from a dengue virus or Zika virus infection. Alphaviruses utilize a diverse array of mosquito vectors for transmission and spread. For instance, adaptation of CHIKV to transmission by Aedes albopictus has increased its spread and resulted in large outbreaks in the Indian Ocean islands. For many alphaviruses commercial diagnostic tests are not available or show cross-reactivity among alphaviruses. Climate change and globalization will increase the spread of alphaviruses and monitoring of infections is necessary and requires virus-specific methods. Method: We established an alphavirus neutralization assay in a 384-well format by using pseudotyped lentiviral vectors. Results: MAYV-specific reactivity could be discriminated from CHIKV reactivity. Human plasma from blood donors infected with RRV could be clearly identified and did not cross-react with other alphaviruses. Conclusion: This safe and easy to use multiplex assay allows the discrimination of alphavirus-specific reactivity within a single assay and has potential for epidemiological surveillance. It might also be useful for the development of a pan-alphavirus vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Henss
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Department of Virology, 63225 Langen, Germany.
| | - Constanze Yue
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Department of Virology, 63225 Langen, Germany.
| | - Joshua Kandler
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Department of Virology, 63225 Langen, Germany.
| | - Helen M Faddy
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane QLD 4000, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Graham Simmons
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118-4417, USA.
| | - Marcus Panning
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | | | - Sally A Baylis
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Department of Virology, 63225 Langen, Germany.
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24
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Watson-Brown P, Viennet E, Mincham G, Williams CR, Jansen CC, Montgomery BL, Flower RLP, Faddy HM. Epidemic potential of Zika virus in Australia: implications for blood transfusion safety. Transfusion 2019; 59:648-658. [PMID: 30618208 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) is transfusion-transmissible. In Australia the primary vector, Aedes aegypti, is established in the north-east, such that local transmission is possible following importation of an index case, which has the potential to impact on blood transfusion safety and public health. We estimated the basic reproduction number (R 0 ) to model the epidemic potential of ZIKV in Australian locations, compared this with the ecologically similar dengue viruses (DENV), and examined possible implications for blood transfusion safety. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Varying estimates of vector control efficiency and extrinsic incubation period, "best-case" and "worst-case" scenarios of monthly R 0 for ZIKV and DENV were modeled from 1996 to 2015 in 11 areas. We visualized the geographical distribution of blood donors in relation to areas with epidemic potential for ZIKV. RESULTS Epidemic potential (R 0 > 1) existed for ZIKV and DENV throughout the study period in a number of locations in northern Australia (Cairns, Darwin, Rockhampton, Thursday Island, Townsville, and Brisbane) during the warmer months of the year. R 0 for DENV was greater than ZIKV and was broadly consistent with annual estimates in Cairns. Increased vector control efficiency markedly reduced the epidemic potential and shortened the season of local transmission. Australian locations that provide the greatest number of blood donors did not have epidemic potential for ZIKV. CONCLUSION We estimate that areas of north-eastern Australia could sustain local transmission of ZIKV. This early contribution to understanding the epidemic potential of ZIKV may assist in the assessment and management of threats to blood transfusion safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Watson-Brown
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elvina Viennet
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gina Mincham
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Craig R Williams
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Cassie C Jansen
- Communicable Diseases Branch, Department of Health, Queensland Health, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brian L Montgomery
- Metro South Public Health Unit, Queensland Health, Coopers Plain, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert L P Flower
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen M Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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25
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Styles CE, Hoad VC, Gorman E, Roulis E, Flower R, Faddy HM. Modeling the parvovirus B19 blood safety risk in Australia. Transfusion 2018; 59:295-302. [PMID: 30589087 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three probable cases of transfusion-transmitted (TT) parvovirus B19 (B19V) occurred in Australia between 2014 and 2017. This study aimed to determine the B19V DNA prevalence among blood donors, to model the risk to recipients of fresh components, and to assess risk management options. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Plasma samples from 4232 donors were tested for B19V DNA by polymerase chain reaction. Reactive samples were confirmed and viral load determined. A transmission-risk model was used to estimate recipient risk, and the risk from community exposure was estimated using seroprevalence data. RESULTS Two samples (0.0473%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.0130-0.172) confirmed positive for B19V DNA had a potentially infectious viral load of 105 IU/mL or higher. The estimated risk of a TT-B19V-associated significant complication was low overall at approximately 1 in 300,000 (95% CI, 1 in 82,000 to 1 in 1 million) fresh components transfused, with 3.1 (95% CI, 0.85-11.3) complications modeled per year. Among vulnerable recipient groups, the risk was higher than 1 in 15,000 patients, but the risk from community exposure far exceeded the transfusion risk for all patient and age groups. CONCLUSION In the context of the small contribution of transfusion to the burden of B19V disease, the significant costs that would be incurred by any strategy to reduce the risk, and given the significant uncertainties and likely overestimation of the risk, we conclude TT-B19V is a tolerable risk to blood safety, despite being high for some vulnerable recipient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Styles
- Donor and Product Safety Unit, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Veronica C Hoad
- Donor and Product Safety Unit, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elise Gorman
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eileen Roulis
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert Flower
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen M Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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26
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Faddy HM, Gorman EC, Hoad VC, Frentiu FD, Tozer S, Flower RLP. Seroprevalence of antibodies to primate erythroparvovirus 1 (B19V) in Australia. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:631. [PMID: 30526514 PMCID: PMC6286569 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3525-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgroud Primate erythroparvovirus 1 (B19V) is a globally ubiquitous DNA virus. Infection results in a variety of clinical presentations including erythema infectiosum in children and arthralgia in adults. There is limited understanding of the seroprevalence of B19V antibodies in the Australian population and therefore of population-wide immunity. This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of B19V antibodies in an Australian blood donor cohort, along with a cohort from a paediatric population. Methods Age/sex/geographical location stratified plasma samples (n = 2221) were collected from Australian blood donors. Samples were also sourced from paediatric patients (n = 223) in Queensland. All samples were screened for B19V IgG using an indirect- enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Overall, 57.90% (95% CI: 55.94%–59.85%) of samples tested positive for B19V IgG, with the national age-standardized seroprevalence of B19V exposure in Australians aged 0 to 79 years estimated to be 54.41%. Increasing age (p < 0.001) and state of residence (p < 0.001) were independently associated with B19V exposure in blood donors, with the highest rates in donors from Tasmania (71.88%, 95% CI: 66.95%–76.80%) and donors aged 65–80 years (78.41%, 95% CI: 74.11%–82.71%). A seroprevalence of 52.04% (95% CI: 47.92%–56.15%) was reported in women of child-bearing age (16 to 44 years). Sex was not associated with exposure in blood donors (p = 0.547) or in children (p = 0.261) screened in this study. Conclusions This study highlights a clear association between B19V exposure and increasing age, with over half of the Australian population likely to be immune to this virus. Differences in seroprevalence were also observed in donors residing in different states, with a higher prevalence reported in those from the southern states. The finding is consistent with previous studies, with higher rates observed in countries with a higher latitude. This study provides much needed insight into the prevalence of B19V exposure in the Australian population, which has implications for public health as well as transfusion and transplantation safety in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, and Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Elise C Gorman
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, and Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Veronica C Hoad
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Francesca D Frentiu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, and Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah Tozer
- Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Centre for Children's Health Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - R L P Flower
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, and Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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27
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Hoad VC, Gibbs T, Ravikumara M, Nash M, Levy A, Tracy SL, Mews C, Perkowska-Guse Z, Faddy HM, Bowden S. First confirmed case of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E in Australia. Med J Aust 2018; 206:289-290. [PMID: 28403756 DOI: 10.5694/mja16.01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Monica Nash
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Sydney, NSW
| | - Avram Levy
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Perth, WA
| | - Samantha L Tracy
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, VIC
| | | | | | | | - Scott Bowden
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, VIC
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28
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Prow NA, Mah MG, Deerain JM, Warrilow D, Colmant AMG, O'Brien CA, Harrison JJ, McLean BJ, Hewlett EK, Piyasena TBH, Hall-Mendelin S, van den Hurk AF, Watterson D, Huang B, Schulz BL, Webb CE, Johansen CA, Chow WK, Hobson-Peters J, Cazier C, Coffey LL, Faddy HM, Suhrbier A, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Hall RA. New genotypes of Liao ning virus (LNV) in Australia exhibit an insect-specific phenotype. J Gen Virol 2018. [PMID: 29533743 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Liao ning virus (LNV) was first isolated in 1996 from mosquitoes in China, and has been shown to replicate in selected mammalian cell lines and to cause lethal haemorrhagic disease in experimentally infected mice. The first detection of LNV in Australia was by deep sequencing of mosquito homogenates. We subsequently isolated LNV from mosquitoes of four genera (Culex, Anopheles, Mansonia and Aedes) in New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland and Western Australia; the earliest of these Australian isolates were obtained from mosquitoes collected in 1988, predating the first Chinese isolates. Genetic analysis revealed that the Australian LNV isolates formed two new genotypes: one including isolates from eastern and northern Australia, and the second comprising isolates from the south-western corner of the continent. In contrast to findings reported for the Chinese LNV isolates, the Australian LNV isolates did not replicate in vertebrate cells in vitro or in vivo, or produce signs of disease in wild-type or immunodeficient mice. A panel of human and animal sera collected from regions where the virus was found in high prevalence also showed no evidence of LNV-specific antibodies. Furthermore, high rates of virus detection in progeny reared from infected adult female mosquitoes, coupled with visualization of the virus within the ovarian follicles by immunohistochemistry, suggest that LNV is transmitted transovarially. Thus, despite relatively minor genomic differences between Chinese and Australian LNV strains, the latter display a characteristic insect-specific phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Prow
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marcus G Mah
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.,Present address: Duke-NUS Medical School, Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, 8 College Rd, 169857, Singapore
| | - Joshua M Deerain
- Present address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Warrilow
- Public Health Virology, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services (QHFSS), Queensland, Australia
| | - Agathe M G Colmant
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Caitlin A O'Brien
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jessica J Harrison
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Breeanna J McLean
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.,Present address: Monash University, Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, 12 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Elise K Hewlett
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.,Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thisun B H Piyasena
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sonja Hall-Mendelin
- Public Health Virology, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services (QHFSS), Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew F van den Hurk
- Public Health Virology, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services (QHFSS), Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bixing Huang
- Public Health Virology, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services (QHFSS), Queensland, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Schulz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cameron E Webb
- Medical Entomology Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cheryl A Johansen
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Weng K Chow
- Australian Defence Force Malaria Infectious and Disease Institute, Gallipoli Barracks, Enoggera Queensland 4051, Australia
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chris Cazier
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lark L Coffey
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Helen M Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Roy A Hall
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
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29
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Faddy HM, Tran TV, Hoad VC, Seed CR, Viennet E, Chan HT, Harley R, Hewlett E, Hall RA, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Flower RLP, Prow NA. Ross River virus in Australian blood donors: possible implications for blood transfusion safety. Transfusion 2018; 58:485-492. [PMID: 29350414 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging transfusion-transmissible pathogens, including arboviruses such as West Nile, Zika, dengue, and Ross River viruses, are potential threats to transfusion safety. The most prevalent arbovirus in humans in Australia is Ross River virus (RRV); however, prevalence varies substantially around the country. Modeling estimated a yearly risk of 8 to 11 potentially RRV-viremic fresh blood components nationwide. This study aimed to measure the occurrence of RRV viremia among donors who donated at Australian collection centers located in areas with significant RRV transmission during one peak season. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Plasma samples were collected from donors (n = 7500) who donated at the selected collection centers during one peak season. Viral RNA was extracted from individual samples, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed. RESULTS Regions with the highest rates of RRV transmission were not areas where donor centers were located. We did not detect RRV RNA among 7500 donations collected at the selected centers, resulting in a zero risk estimate with a one-sided 95% confidence interval of 0 to 1 in 2019 donations. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the yearly risk of collecting a RRV-infected blood donation in Australia is low and is at the lower range of previous risk modeling. The majority of Australian donor centers were not in areas known to be at the highest risk for RRV transmission, which was not taken into account in previous models based on notification data. Therefore, we believe that the risk of RRV transfusion transmission in Australia is acceptably low and appropriately managed through existing risk management, including donation restrictions and recall policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thu V Tran
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Veronica C Hoad
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Clive R Seed
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elvina Viennet
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hiu-Tat Chan
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert Harley
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elise Hewlett
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Roy A Hall
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert L P Flower
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Natalie A Prow
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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30
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Coghlan A, Hoad VC, Seed CR, Flower RL, Harley RJ, Herbert D, Faddy HM. Emerging infectious disease outbreaks: estimating disease risk in Australian blood donors travelling overseas. Vox Sang 2017; 113:21-30. [PMID: 29052242 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES International travel assists spread of infectious pathogens. Australians regularly travel to South-eastern Asia and the isles of the South Pacific, where they may become infected with infectious agents, such as dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses that pose a potential risk to transfusion safety. In Australia, donors are temporarily restricted from donating for fresh component manufacture following travel to many countries, including those in this study. We aimed to estimate the unmitigated transfusion-transmission (TT) risk from donors travelling internationally to areas affected by emerging infectious diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used the European Up-Front Risk Assessment Tool, with travel and notification data, to estimate the TT risk from donors travelling to areas affected by disease outbreaks: Fiji (DENV), Bali (DENV), Phuket (DENV), Indonesia (CHIKV) and French Polynesia (ZIKV). RESULTS We predict minimal risk from travel, with the annual unmitigated risk of an infected component being released varying from 1 in 1·43 million to <1 in one billion and the risk of severe consequences ranging from 1 in 130 million to <1 in one billion. CONCLUSION The predicted unmitigated likelihood of infection in blood components manufactured from donors travelling to the above-mentioned areas was very low, with the possibility of severe consequences in a transfusion recipient even smaller. Given the increasing demand for plasma products in Australia, the current strategy of restricting donors returning from select infectious disease outbreak areas to source plasma collection provides a simple and effective risk management approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Coghlan
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - V C Hoad
- Medical Services, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - C R Seed
- Medical Services, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - R Lp Flower
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - R J Harley
- Medical Services, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - D Herbert
- Medical Services, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - H M Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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31
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Ki KK, Johnson L, Faddy HM, Flower RL, Marks DC, Dean MM. Immunomodulatory effect of cryopreserved platelets: altered BDCA3 + dendritic cell maturation and activation in vitro. Transfusion 2017; 57:2878-2887. [PMID: 28921552 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryopreservation of platelets (PLTs) is useful in remote areas to overcome logistic problems associated with supply and can extend the shelf life to 2 years. During cryopreservation, properties of PLTs are modified. Whether changes in the cryopreserved PLT (CPP) product are associated with modulation of recipients' immune function is unknown. We aimed to characterize the immune profile of myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and the specialized blood DC antigen (BDCA)3+ subset after exposure to CPPs. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Using an in vitro whole blood model of transfusion, the effect of CPPs on mDC and BDCA3+ DC surface antigen expression and inflammatory mediator production was examined using flow cytometry. In parallel, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was utilized to model processes activated in viral or bacterial infection, respectively. RESULTS Cryopreserved PLTs had minimal impact on mDC responses but significantly modulated BDCA3+ DC responses in vitro. Exposure to CPPs alone up regulated BDCA3+ DC CD86 expression and suppressed interleukin (IL)-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon-γ inducible protein (IP)-10 production. In both models of infection-related processes, exposure to CPPs down regulated BDCA3+ DC expression of CD40, CD80, and CD83 and suppressed BDCA3+ DC production of IL-8, IL-12, and TNF-α. CPPs suppressed CD86 expression in the presence of LPS and IP-10 and IL-6 production with poly(I:C). CONCLUSION Cryopreserved PLTs may be immunosuppressive, and this effect is more evident when processes associated with infection are concurrently activated, especially for BDCA3+ DCs. This suggests that transfusion of CPPs in patients with infection may result in impaired BDCA3+ DC responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina K Ki
- Research and Development, The Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lacey Johnson
- Research and Development, The Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen M Faddy
- Research and Development, The Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert L Flower
- Research and Development, The Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Denese C Marks
- Research and Development, The Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Melinda M Dean
- Research and Development, The Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Hoad VC, Seed CR, Fryk JJ, Harley R, Flower RLP, Hogema BM, Kiely P, Faddy HM. Hepatitis E virus RNA in Australian blood donors: prevalence and risk assessment. Vox Sang 2017; 112:614-621. [PMID: 28833229 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a known transfusion-transmissible agent. HEV infection has increased in prevalence in many developed nations with RNA detection in donors as high as 1 in 600. A high proportion of HEV infections are asymptomatic and therefore not interdicted by donor exclusion criteria. To manage the HEV transfusion-transmission (TT) risk some developed nations have implemented HEV RNA screening. In Australia, HEV is rarely notified; although locally acquired infections have been reported, and the burden of disease is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of HEV infection in Australian donors and associated TT risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasma samples (n = 74 131) were collected from whole blood donors during 2016 and screened for HEV RNA by transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) in pools of six. Individual TMA reactive samples were confirmed by RT-PCR and, if positive, viral load determined. Prevalence data from the study were used to model the HEV-TT risk. RESULTS One sample in 74 131 (95% CI: 1 in 1 481 781 to 1 in 15 031) was confirmed positive for HEV RNA, with an estimated viral load of 180 IU/ml, which is below that typically associated with TT. Using a transmission-risk model, we estimated the risk of an adverse outcome associated with TT-HEV of approximately 1 in 3·5 million components transfused. CONCLUSION Hepatitis E virus viremia is rare in Australia and lower than the published RNA prevalence estimates of other developed countries. The risk of TT-HEV adverse outcomes is negligible, and HEV RNA donor screening is not currently indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Hoad
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - C R Seed
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - J J Fryk
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - R Harley
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - R L P Flower
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - B M Hogema
- Department of Blood-borne Infections, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Kiely
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - H M Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Watson-Brown P, Viennet E, Hoad VC, Flower RLP, Faddy HM. Is Zika virus a potential threat to the Australian Blood Supply? Aust N Z J Public Health 2017; 42:104-105. [PMID: 28749569 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Watson-Brown
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland.,Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Queensland
| | - Elvina Viennet
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Queensland
| | - Veronica C Hoad
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Western Australia
| | - Robert L P Flower
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Queensland
| | - Helen M Faddy
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland.,Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Queensland
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34
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Fryk JJ, Marks DC, Hobson-Peters J, Watterson D, Hall RA, Young PR, Reichenberg S, Tolksdorf F, Sumian C, Gravemann U, Seltsam A, Faddy HM. Reduction of Zika virus infectivity in platelet concentrates after treatment with ultraviolet C light and in plasma after treatment with methylene blue and visible light. Transfusion 2017; 57:2677-2682. [PMID: 28718518 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged as a potential threat to transfusion safety worldwide. Pathogen inactivation is one approach to manage this risk. In this study, the efficacy of the THERAFLEX UV-Platelets system and THERAFLEX MB-Plasma system to inactivate ZIKV in platelet concentrates (PCs) and plasma was investigated. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS PCs spiked with ZIKV were treated with the THERAFLEX UV-Platelets system at 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 J/cm2 UVC. Plasma spiked with ZIKV was treated with the THERAFLEX MB-Plasma system at 20, 40, 60, and 120 J/cm2 light at 630 nm with at least 0.8 µmol/L methylene blue (MB). Samples were taken before the first and after each illumination dose and tested for residual virus. For each system the level of viral reduction was determined. RESULTS Treatment of PCs with THERAFLEX UV-Platelets system resulted in a mean of 5 log reduction in ZIKV infectivity at the standard UVC dose (0.20 J/cm2 ), with dose dependency observed with increasing UVC dose. For plasma treated with MB and visible light, ZIKV infectivity was reduced by a mean of at least 5.68 log, with residual viral infectivity reaching the detection limit of the assay at 40 J/cm2 (one-third the standard dose). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that the THERAFLEX UV-Platelets system and THERAFLEX MB-Plasma system can reduce ZIKV infectivity in PCs and pooled plasma to the detection limit of the assays used. These findings suggest both systems have the capacity to be an effective option to manage potential ZIKV transfusion transmission risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J Fryk
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service
| | - Denese C Marks
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Roy A Hall
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Ute Gravemann
- German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Springe, Germany
| | - Axel Seltsam
- German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Springe, Germany
| | - Helen M Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina K. Ki
- Research and Development, The Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Helen M. Faddy
- Research and Development, The Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert L. Flower
- Research and Development, The Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Melinda M. Dean
- Research and Development, The Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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36
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Shrestha AC, Flower RL, Seed CR, Keller AJ, Hoad V, Harley R, Leader R, Polkinghorne B, Furlong C, Faddy HM. Hepatitis E virus infections in travellers: assessing the threat to the Australian blood supply. Blood Transfus 2017; 15:191-198. [PMID: 27483488 PMCID: PMC5448823 DOI: 10.2450/2016.0064-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many developed countries hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections have occurred predominantly in travellers to countries endemic for HEV. HEV is a potential threat to blood safety as the virus is transfusion-transmissible. To minimise this risk in Australia, individuals diagnosed with HEV are deferred. Malarialdeferrals, when donors are restricted from donating fresh blood components following travel toanareain which malaria is endemic, probably also decrease the HEV risk, by deferring donors who travel to many countries also endemic for HEV. The aim of this study is to describe overseas-acquired HEV cases in Australia, in order to determine whether infection in travellers poses a risk to Australian blood safety. MATERIALS AND METHODS Details of all notified HEV cases in Australia from 2002 to 2014 were accessed, and importation rates estimated. Countries in which HEV was acquired were compared to those for which donations are restricted following travel because of a malaria risk. RESULTS Three hundred and thirty-two cases of HEV were acquired overseas. Travel to India accounted for most of these infections, although the importation rate was highest for Nepal and Bangladesh. Countries for which donations are restricted following travel due to malaria risk accounted for 94% of overseas-acquired HEV cases. DISCUSSION The vast majority of overseas-acquired HEV infections were in travellers returning from South Asian countries, which are subject to donation-related travel restrictions for malaria. This minimises the risk HEV poses to the Australian blood supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish C. Shrestha
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert L.P. Flower
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Clive R. Seed
- Medical Services, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Anthony J. Keller
- Medical Services, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Veronica Hoad
- Medical Services, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Robert Harley
- Medical Services, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Robyn Leader
- OzFoodNet, Office of Health Protection, Australian Government Department of Health, Canberra, Australia
| | - Ben Polkinghorne
- OzFoodNet, Office of Health Protection, Australian Government Department of Health, Canberra, Australia
| | - Catriona Furlong
- OzFoodNet, New South Wales Department of Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Helen M. Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
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37
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Ki KK, Johnson L, Faddy HM, Flower RL, Marks DC, Dean MM. Exposure to cryopreserved platelets mediates suppression of myeloid dendritic cell subset immune responses. Pathology 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2016.12.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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38
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Gorman EC, Flower RL, Hoad VC, Frentiu FD, Faddy HM. Seroprevalence of antibodies to primate erythroparvovirus 1 among Australian blood donors. Pathology 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2016.12.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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39
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Fryk JJ, Hoad VC, Flower RL, Seed CR, Perkowska Z, Hogema B, Tran TV, Hewlett E, Faddy HM. Prevalence of hepatitis e virus in Australian whole-blood donors during 2016. Pathology 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2016.12.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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40
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Fryk JJ, Marks DC, Hobson-Peters J, Watterson D, Hall RA, Young PR, Reichenberg S, Sumian C, Faddy HM. ZIKV virus in plasma is inactivated after treatment with methylene blue and light illumination. Pathology 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2016.12.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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Viennet E, Mincham G, Frentiu FD, Jansen CC, Montgomery BL, Harley D, Flower RLP, Williams CR, Faddy HM. Epidemic Potential for Local Transmission of Zika Virus in 2015 and 2016 in Queensland, Australia. PLoS Curr 2016; 8. [PMID: 28123859 PMCID: PMC5222544 DOI: 10.1371/currents.outbreaks.73d82b08998c6d729c41ef6cdcc80176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zika virus could be transmitted in the state of Queensland, Australia, in parts of the state where the mosquito vectors are established. METHODS We assessed the epidemic potential of Zika in Queensland from January 2015 to August 2016, and estimate the epidemic potential from September to December 2016, by calculating the temperature-dependent relative vectorial capacity (rVc), based on empirical and estimated parameters. RESULTS Through 2015, we estimated a rVc of 0.119, 0.152, 0.170, and 0.175, respectively in the major cities of Brisbane, Rockhampton, Cairns, and Townsville. From January to August 2016, the epidemic potential trend was similar to 2015, however the highest epidemic potential was in Cairns. During September to November 2016, the epidemic potential is consistently the highest in Cairns, followed by Townsville, Rockhampton and Brisbane. Then, from November to December 2016, Townsville has the highest estimated epidemic potential. DISCUSSION We demonstrate using a vectorial capacity model that ZIKV could have been locally transmitted in Queensland, Australia during 2015 and 2016. ZIKV remains a threat to Australia for the upcoming summer, during the Brazilian Carnival season, when the abundance of vectors is relatively high. Understanding the epidemic potential of local ZIKV transmission will allow better management of threats to blood safety and assessment of public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvina Viennet
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gina Mincham
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Francesca D Frentiu
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation & School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cassie C Jansen
- Metro North Public Health Unit, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Windsor, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brian L Montgomery
- Metro South Public Health Unit, Metro South Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Harley
- Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Robert L P Flower
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig R Williams
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Helen M Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
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42
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Shrestha AC, Flower RLP, Seed CR, Rajkarnikar M, Shrestha SK, Thapa U, Hoad VC, Faddy HM. Hepatitis E virus seroepidemiology: a post-earthquake study among blood donors in Nepal. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:707. [PMID: 27887586 PMCID: PMC5124235 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-2043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As one of the causative agents of viral hepatitis, hepatitis E virus (HEV) has gained public health attention globally. HEV epidemics occur in developing countries, associated with faecal contamination of water and poor sanitation. In industrialised nations, HEV infections are associated with travel to countries endemic for HEV, however, autochthonous infections, mainly through zoonotic transmission, are increasingly being reported. HEV can also be transmitted by blood transfusion. Nepal has experienced a number of HEV outbreaks, and recent earthquakes resulted in predictions raising the risk of an HEV outbreak to very high. This study aimed to measure HEV exposure in Nepalese blood donors after large earthquakes. Methods Samples (n = 1,845) were collected from blood donors from Kathmandu, Chitwan, Bhaktapur and Kavre. Demographic details, including age and sex along with possible risk factors associated with HEV exposure were collected via a study-specific questionnaire. Samples were tested for HEV IgM, IgG and antigen. The proportion of donors positive for HEV IgM or IgG was calculated overall, and for each of the variables studied. Chi square and regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with HEV exposure. Results Of the donors residing in earthquake affected regions (Kathmandu, Bhaktapur and Kavre), 3.2% (54/1,686; 95% CI 2.7–4.0%) were HEV IgM positive and two donors were positive for HEV antigen. Overall, 41.9% (773/1,845; 95% CI 39.7–44.2%) of donors were HEV IgG positive, with regional variation observed. Higher HEV IgG and IgM prevalence was observed in donors who reported eating pork, likely an indicator of zoonotic transmission. Previous exposure to HEV in Nepalese blood donors is relatively high. Conclusion Detection of recent markers of HEV infection in healthy donors suggests recent asymptomatic HEV infection and therefore transfusion-transmission in vulnerable patients is a risk in Nepal. Surprisingly, this study did not provide evidence of a large HEV outbreak following the devastating earthquakes in 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish C Shrestha
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, 44 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Robert L P Flower
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, 44 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Clive R Seed
- Medical Services, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Herdsman, Perth, WA, 6017, Australia
| | - Manita Rajkarnikar
- Central Blood Transfusion Services, Nepal Red Cross Society, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Shrawan K Shrestha
- Central Blood Transfusion Services, Nepal Red Cross Society, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Uru Thapa
- Central Blood Transfusion Services, Nepal Red Cross Society, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Veronica C Hoad
- Medical Services, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Herdsman, Perth, WA, 6017, Australia
| | - Helen M Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, 44 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia. .,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.
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43
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Shrestha AC, Flower RL, Seed CR, Keller AJ, Harley R, Chan HT, Hoad V, Warrilow D, Northill J, Holmberg JA, Faddy HM. Hepatitis E virus RNA in Australian blood donations. Transfusion 2016; 56:3086-3093. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.13799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish C. Shrestha
- Research and Development; The University of Queenslan; Brisbane Queensland Australia
- School of Medicine; The University of Queenslan; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Robert L.P. Flower
- Research and Development; The University of Queenslan; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Clive R. Seed
- Medical Services; Australian Red Cross Blood Servic; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Anthony J. Keller
- Medical Services; Australian Red Cross Blood Servic; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Robert Harley
- Medical Services; Australian Red Cross Blood Servic; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Hiu-Tat Chan
- Medical Services; Australian Red Cross Blood Servic; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Veronica Hoad
- Medical Services; Australian Red Cross Blood Servic; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - David Warrilow
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Forensic and Scientific Services; Queensland Healt; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Judith Northill
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Forensic and Scientific Services; Queensland Healt; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | | | - Helen M. Faddy
- Research and Development; The University of Queenslan; Brisbane Queensland Australia
- School of Medicine; The University of Queenslan; Brisbane Queensland Australia
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44
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Viennet E, Ritchie SA, Williams CR, Faddy HM, Harley D. Public Health Responses to and Challenges for the Control of Dengue Transmission in High-Income Countries: Four Case Studies. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004943. [PMID: 27643596 PMCID: PMC5028037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue has a negative impact in low- and lower middle-income countries, but also affects upper middle- and high-income countries. Despite the efforts at controlling this disease, it is unclear why dengue remains an issue in affluent countries. A better understanding of dengue epidemiology and its burden, and those of chikungunya virus and Zika virus which share vectors with dengue, is required to prevent the emergence of these diseases in high-income countries in the future. The purpose of this review was to assess the relative burden of dengue in four high-income countries and to appraise the similarities and differences in dengue transmission. We searched PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar using specific keywords for articles published up to 05 May 2016. We found that outbreaks rarely occur where only Aedes albopictus is present. The main similarities between countries uncovered by our review are the proximity to dengue-endemic countries, the presence of a competent mosquito vector, a largely nonimmune population, and a lack of citizens’ engagement in control of mosquito breeding. We identified important epidemiological and environmental issues including the increase of local transmission despite control efforts, population growth, difficulty locating larval sites, and increased human mobility from neighboring endemic countries. Budget cuts in health and lack of practical vaccines contribute to an increased risk. To be successful, dengue-control programs for high-income countries must consider the epidemiology of dengue in other countries and use this information to minimize virus importation, improve the control of the cryptic larval habitat, and engage the community in reducing vector breeding. Finally, the presence of a communicable disease center is critical for managing and reducing future disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvina Viennet
- Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Scott A. Ritchie
- School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig R. Williams
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Helen M. Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Harley
- Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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45
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Fryk JJ, Marks DC, Hobson-Peters J, Prow NA, Watterson D, Hall RA, Young PR, Reichenberg S, Sumian C, Faddy HM. Dengue and chikungunya viruses in plasma are effectively inactivated after treatment with methylene blue and visible light. Transfusion 2016; 56:2278-85. [PMID: 27456861 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arboviruses, such as dengue viruses (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV), pose a risk to the safe transfusion of blood components, including plasma. Pathogen inactivation is an approach to manage this transfusion transmission risk, with a number of techniques being used worldwide for the treatment of plasma. In this study, the efficacy of the THERAFLEX MB-Plasma system to inactivate all DENV serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4) or CHIKV in plasma, using methylene blue and light illumination at 630 nm, was investigated. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Pooled plasma units were spiked with DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 DENV-4, or CHIKV and treated with the THERAFLEX MB-Plasma system at four light illumination doses: 20, 40, 60, and 120 (standard dose) J/cm(2) . Pre- and posttreatment samples were collected and viral infectivity was determined. The reduction in viral infectivity was calculated for each dose. RESULTS Treatment of plasma with the THERAFLEX MB-Plasma system resulted in at least a 4.46-log reduction in all DENV serotypes and CHIKV infectious virus. The residual infectivity for each was at the detection limit of the assay used at 60 J/cm(2) , with dose dependency also observed. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated the THERAFLEX MB-Plasma system can reduce the infectivity of all DENV serotypes and CHIKV spiked into plasma to the detection limit of the assay used at half of the standard illumination dose. This suggests this system has the capacity to be an effective option for managing the risk of DENV or CHIKV transfusion transmission in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J Fryk
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Australia
| | - Denese C Marks
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Australia
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, and the
| | - Natalie A Prow
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, and the.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, and the
| | - Roy A Hall
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, and the
| | - Paul R Young
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, and the
| | | | | | - Helen M Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Australia. .,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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46
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Faddy HM, Fryk JJ, Watterson D, Young PR, Modhiran N, Muller DA, Keil SD, Goodrich RP, Marks DC. Riboflavin and ultraviolet light: impact on dengue virus infectivity. Vox Sang 2016; 111:235-241. [PMID: 27281512 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue viruses (DENV 1-4) are emerging across the world, and these viruses pose a risk to transfusion safety. Pathogen inactivation may be an alternative approach for managing the risk of DENV transfusion transmission. This study aimed to investigate the ability of riboflavin and UV light to inactivate DENV 1-4 in platelet concentrates. MATERIALS AND METHODS DENV 1-4 were spiked into buffy coat-derived platelet concentrates in additive solution (SSP+) before being treated with riboflavin and UV light. Infectious virus was quantified pre- and posttreatment, and the reduction in viral infectivity was calculated. RESULTS All four DENV serotypes were modestly reduced after treatment. The greatest amount of reduction in infectivity was observed for DENV-4 (1·81 log reduction) followed by DENV-3 (1·71 log reduction), DENV-2 (1·45 log reduction) and then DENV-1 (1·28 log reduction). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that DENV 1-4 titres are modestly reduced following treatment with riboflavin and UV light. With the increasing number of transfusion-transmitted cases of DENV around the globe, and the increasing incidence and geographical distribution of DENV, additional approaches for maintaining blood safety may be required in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. .,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
| | - J J Fryk
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - D Watterson
- Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - P R Young
- Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - N Modhiran
- Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - D A Muller
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | | | | | - D C Marks
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Dean MM, Dunford M, Flower RL, Faddy HM. Biological markers of infection may assist in the identification of early stage viral infection and serve as a surrogate biomarker to identify asymptomatic Ross River or Barmah Forest virus infection. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.124.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Aims
Although Ross River virus (RRV) and Barmah Forest virus (BFV) pose a risk to transfusion safety, in Australia, blood donations are not screened for either. RRV and BFV pathogenesis is poorly understood; however, mannose binding lectin (MBL) levels have been associated with RRV disease severity. We investigated biological markers to identify early stages of infection in asymptomatic RRV or BFV infection.
Methods
Samples from 7001 blood donations from donors at risk for RRV and/or BFV were tested for anti-RRV (IgM) and/or anti-BFV (IgM). MBL level was assessed in 139 anti-RRV (IgM) positive samples, 143 anti-BFV (IgM) positive samples and clinical samples (10 RRV, 10 BFV). MCP-1, MIG, TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-8, IL-10 and IP-10 were quantified in these samples and 50 seronegative samples.
Results
Anti-RRV (IgM) was detected in 2.3%, and anti-BFV (IgM) in 2.4%, of donations, consistent with asymptomatic infection. MBL deficiency was not associated with seropositivity, but higher MBL levels were evident in RRV patients. IP-10, MIG, MCP-1 and IL-8 were elevated in RRV patients and IFN-γ, MCP-1 and IL-8 higher in BFV patients. For both anti-RRV (IgM) and anti-BFV (IgM) positive donations, IL-8 was elevated compared to IgM negative donors. All statistical analysis unpaired T-test, 95% CI.
Conclusions
Asymptomatic RRV or BFV infection occurs in blood donors. The frequency of MBL deficiency was similar between samples from clinical and presumed asymptomatic RRV or BFV infection. Measurement of IL-8 may assist in the identification of early stage viral infection and function as a surrogate biomarker for early stage RRV or BFV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda M Dean
- 1Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Australia
- 2Queensland Univ. of Technol., Australia
| | - Melanie Dunford
- 1Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Australia
- 2Queensland Univ. of Technol., Australia
| | - Robert L Flower
- 1Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Australia
- 2Queensland Univ. of Technol., Australia
| | - Helen M Faddy
- 1Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Australia
- 2Queensland Univ. of Technol., Australia
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Faddy HM, Fryk JJ, Prow NA, Watterson D, Young PR, Hall RA, Tolksdorf F, Sumian C, Gravemann U, Seltsam A, Marks DC. Inactivation of dengue, chikungunya, and Ross River viruses in platelet concentrates after treatment with ultraviolet C light. Transfusion 2016; 56:1548-55. [PMID: 26926832 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arboviruses, including dengue (DENV 1-4), chikungunya (CHIKV), and Ross River (RRV), are emerging viruses that are a risk for transfusion safety globally. An approach for managing this risk is pathogen inactivation, such as the THERAFLEX UV-Platelets system. We investigated the ability of this system to inactivate the above mentioned arboviruses. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS DENV 1-4, CHIKV, or RRV were spiked into buffy coat (BC)-derived platelet (PLT) concentrates in additive solution and treated with the THERAFLEX UV-Platelets system at the following doses: 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 J/cm(2) (standard dose). Pre- and posttreatment samples were taken for each dose, and the level of viral infectivity was determined. RESULTS At the standard ultraviolet C (UVC) dose (0.2 J/cm(2) ), viral inactivation of at least 4.43, 6.34, and 5.13 log or more, was observed for DENV 1-4, CHIKV, and RRV, respectively. A dose dependency in viral inactivation was observed with increasing UVC doses. CONCLUSIONS Our study has shown that DENV, CHIKV, and RRV, spiked into BC-derived PLT concentrates, were inactivated by the THERAFLEX UV-Platelets system to the limit of detection of our assay, suggesting that this system could contribute to the safety of PLT concentrates with respect to these emerging arboviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jesse J Fryk
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service
| | - Natalie A Prow
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland
| | - Paul R Young
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland
| | - Roy A Hall
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland
| | | | | | - Ute Gravemann
- German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Springe, Germany
| | - Axel Seltsam
- German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Springe, Germany
| | - Denese C Marks
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service
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49
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Lancini DV, Faddy HM, Ismay S, Chesneau S, Hogan C, Flower RL. Cytomegalovirus in Australian blood donors: seroepidemiology and seronegative red blood cell component inventories. Transfusion 2016; 56:1616-21. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V. Lancini
- School of Medicine; University of Queensland
- Clinical Services and Research; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Brisbane Queensland
| | - Helen M. Faddy
- School of Medicine; University of Queensland
- Clinical Services and Research; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Brisbane Queensland
| | - Sue Ismay
- Manufacturing; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Brisbane Queensland, Australia
| | - Stuart Chesneau
- Manufacturing; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Brisbane Queensland, Australia
| | - Chris Hogan
- Clinical Services and Research; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Robert L. Flower
- Clinical Services and Research; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Brisbane Queensland
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50
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Seed CR, Hoad VC, Faddy HM, Kiely P, Keller AJ, Pink J. Re-evaluating the residual risk of transfusion-transmitted Ross River virus infection. Vox Sang 2016; 110:317-23. [PMID: 26748600 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Ross River virus (RRV) is an enveloped, RNA alphavirus in the same antigenic group as chikungunya virus. Australia records an annual average of 5000 laboratory-confirmed RRV infections. While RRV is currently geographically restricted to the Western Pacific, the capacity of arboviruses for rapid expansion is well established. The first case of RRV transfusion-transmission was recently described prompting a comprehensive risk assessment. MATERIALS AND METHODS To estimate the RRV residual risk, we applied laboratory-confirmed RRV notifications to two published models. This modelling generated point estimates for the risk of viraemia in the donor population, the risk of collecting a viraemic donation and the predicted number of infected components. RESULTS The EUFRAT model estimated the risk of infection in donors as one in 95 039 (one in 311 328 to one in 32 399) to one in 14 943 (one in 48 593 to one in 5094). The point estimate for collecting a RRV viraemic donation varied from one in 166 486 (one in 659 078 to one in 49 158) (annualized national risk) to one in 26 117 (one in 103 628 to one in 7729) (area of high transmission). The modelling predicted 8-11 RRV-infected labile blood components issued in Australia during a 1-year period. CONCLUSION Considering the uncertainty in the modelled estimates, the unknown rate of RRV donor viraemia and the low severity of any recipient RRV infection, additional risk management for RRV in Australia will initially be restricted to strengthening the messaging to donors regarding prompt reporting of any postdonation illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Seed
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - V C Hoad
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - H M Faddy
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - P Kiely
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - A J Keller
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - J Pink
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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