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Dantagnan CA, Babajko S, Nassif A, Houari S, Jedeon K, François P, Dursun E, Attal JP, Bosco J. Analysis of Resin-Based Dental Materials' Composition Depending on Their Clinical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1022. [PMID: 38674942 PMCID: PMC11053636 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to detail the monomer composition of resin-based dental materials sold in the market in 2023 and to evaluate the proportion of bisphenol A (BPA)-derivatives in relation to their applications. A search on manufacturers' websites was performed to reference resin-based dental materials currently on the European market (including the European Union (EU) and United Kingdom (UK). Their monomer composition was determined using material-safety data sheets and was completed by a search on the PubMed database. Among the 543 material compositions exploitable, 382 (70.3%) contained BPA derivatives. Among them, 56.2% contained BisGMA and 28% BisEMA, the most frequently reported. A total of 59 monomers, of which six were BPA derivatives, were found. In total, 309 materials (56.9%) contained UDMA and 292 (53.8%) TEGDMA. Less than one third of materials identified contained no BPA derivatives. These proportions vary a lot depending on their applications, with materials dedicated to the dental care of young populations containing the highest proportions of BPA-derivative monomers. The long-term effects on human health of the different monomers identified including BPA-derivative monomers is a source of concern. For children and pregnant or lactating women arises the question of whether to take a precautionary principle and avoid the use of resin-based dental materials likely to release BPA by opting for alternative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire-Adeline Dantagnan
- Innovative Dental Materials and Interfaces Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Paris Cité, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; (C.-A.D.); philo.franç (P.F.); (E.D.); (J.B.)
- Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; (A.N.); (S.H.)
| | - Sylvie Babajko
- Biomedical Research in Odontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Paris Cité, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; (S.B.); (K.J.)
| | - Ali Nassif
- Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; (A.N.); (S.H.)
- Biomedical Research in Odontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Paris Cité, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; (S.B.); (K.J.)
| | - Sophia Houari
- Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; (A.N.); (S.H.)
- Biomedical Research in Odontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Paris Cité, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; (S.B.); (K.J.)
| | - Katia Jedeon
- Biomedical Research in Odontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Paris Cité, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; (S.B.); (K.J.)
- Rothschild Hospital, 5 rue Santerre, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Philippe François
- Innovative Dental Materials and Interfaces Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Paris Cité, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; (C.-A.D.); philo.franç (P.F.); (E.D.); (J.B.)
- Bretonneau Hospital, 23 rue Joseph de Maistre, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Dursun
- Innovative Dental Materials and Interfaces Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Paris Cité, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; (C.-A.D.); philo.franç (P.F.); (E.D.); (J.B.)
- Henri Mondor Hospital, 1 rue Gustave Eiffel, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Attal
- Innovative Dental Materials and Interfaces Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Paris Cité, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; (C.-A.D.); philo.franç (P.F.); (E.D.); (J.B.)
- Charles Foix Hospital, 7 Avenue de la République, 94200 Ivry sur Seine, France
| | - Julia Bosco
- Innovative Dental Materials and Interfaces Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Paris Cité, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; (C.-A.D.); philo.franç (P.F.); (E.D.); (J.B.)
- Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; (A.N.); (S.H.)
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TOU GADA, GOMES JM, RINCO LSDO, YAMAUTI M, DINIZ IMA, PIRES F, SCHMIDT MEP, MENEZES HC, CARDEAL ZDL, BOTTOLI CBG, MACARI S. Release of leachable products from resinous compounds in the saliva of children with anterior open bite treated with spur. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 30:e20220227. [PMID: 36753069 PMCID: PMC9936797 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2022-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the release of bisphenol-A glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), bisphenol A (BPA), and phthalates of the composite resin used in the bonding of spurs applied in the treatment of children with anterior open bite and its effects on human keratinocytes. METHODOLOGY Saliva samples of 22 children were collected before spur attachment (baseline) and 30 minutes (min) and 24 hours (h) after spur bonding. Analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Standardized resin increments were added to three different dilutions of the cell culture medium. Keratinocytes (HaCaT) were cultivated in the conditioned media and evaluated for cell viability (MTT) and cell scratch assay. RESULTS The levels of BisGMA (1.74±0.27 μg/mL), TEGDMA (2.29±0.36 μg/mL), and BPA (3.264±0.88 μg/L) in the saliva after 30 min, in comparison to baseline (0±0 μg/mL, 0±0 μg/mL, and 1.15±0.21 μg/L, respectively), presented higher numbers. After 24 h, the levels of the monomers were similar to the baseline. Phthalates showed no significant difference among groups. HaCat cells showed increased viability and reduced cell migration over time after exposure to methacrylate-based resin composites. CONCLUSION Resin composites, used to attach spurs in children with anterior open bite during orthodontic treatment, release monomers after polymerization and can influence the behavior of human keratinocytes, even at very low concentrations. Orthodontists should be aware of the risks of the resinous compounds release and preventive procedures should be held to reduce patient exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Antônio dos Anjos TOU
- Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisFaculdade de Odontologia Belo HorizonteDepartamento de Odontologia RestauradoraMinas GeraisBrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Odontologia Belo Horizonte, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
| | - José Messias GOMES
- Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisInstituto de Ciências ExatasDepartamento de QuímicaBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
| | - Luiza Santana de Oliveira RINCO
- Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisFaculdade de Odontologia Belo HorizonteDepartamento de Odontologia RestauradoraMinas GeraisBrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Odontologia Belo Horizonte, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
| | - Mônica YAMAUTI
- Hokkaido UniversitySchool of DentistryDepartment of Restorative DentistrySapporoJapanHokkaido University, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Ivana Márcia Alves DINIZ
- Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisFaculdade de Odontologia Belo HorizonteDepartamento de Odontologia RestauradoraMinas GeraisBrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Odontologia Belo Horizonte, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
| | - Fabiane PIRES
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasInstituto de QuímicaCampinasSão PauloBrasilUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil.
| | - Marcella Emilia Petra SCHMIDT
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasInstituto de QuímicaCampinasSão PauloBrasilUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil.
| | - Helvécio Costa MENEZES
- Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisInstituto de Ciências ExatasDepartamento de QuímicaBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
| | - Zenilda de Lourdes CARDEAL
- Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisInstituto de Ciências ExatasDepartamento de QuímicaBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Química, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
| | - Carla Beatriz Grespan BOTTOLI
- Universidade Estadual de CampinasInstituto de QuímicaCampinasSão PauloBrasilUniversidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil.
| | - Soraia MACARI
- Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisFaculdade de Odontologia Belo HorizonteDepartamento de Odontologia RestauradoraMinas GeraisBrasilUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Odontologia Belo Horizonte, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
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Hampe T, Wiessner A, Frauendorf H, Alhussein M, Karlovsky P, Bürgers R, Krohn S. Monomer Release from Dental Resins: The Current Status on Study Setup, Detection and Quantification for In Vitro Testing. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091790. [PMID: 35566958 PMCID: PMC9100225 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvements in mechanical properties and a shift of focus towards esthetic dentistry led to the application of dental resins in various areas of dentistry. However, dental resins are not inert in the oral environment and may release monomers and other substances such as Bisphenol-A (BPA) due to incomplete polymerization and intraoral degradation. Current research shows that various monomers present cytotoxic, genotoxic, proinflammatory, and even mutagenic effects. Of these eluting substances, the elution of BPA in the oral environment is of particular interest due to its role as an endocrine disruptor. For this reason, the release of residual monomers and especially BPA from dental resins has been a cause for public concern. The assessment of patient exposure and potential health risks of dental monomers require a reliable experimental and analytical setup. However, the heterogeneous study design applied in current research hinders biocompatibility testing by impeding comparative analysis of different studies and transfer to the clinical situation. Therefore, this review aims to provide information on each step of a robust experimental and analytical in vitro setup that allows the collection of clinically relevant data and future meta-analytical evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Hampe
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (A.W.); (R.B.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andreas Wiessner
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (A.W.); (R.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Holm Frauendorf
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Mohammad Alhussein
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (M.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Petr Karlovsky
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (M.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Ralf Bürgers
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (A.W.); (R.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Sebastian Krohn
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (A.W.); (R.B.); (S.K.)
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The Cytotoxicity of OptiBond Solo Plus and Its Effect on Sulfur Enzymes Expression in Human Fibroblast Cell Line Hs27. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12030382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the cytotoxic concentrations and incubation times of the commonly used dental adhesive system OptiBond Solo Plus in its non-polymerized form, and to test how it relates to oxidative stress by determining the reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG) levels as well as to study its influence on cell number and the expression of selected sulfur enzymes, with particular emphasis on cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH) and 3-mercaptopyruvate (MPST), sulfurtransferase. All investigations were conducted on an in vitro model of human fibroblast cell line Hs27. Changes in cellular plasma membrane integrity were measured by the LDH test. The expression levels were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot protocols. Changes in cell number were visualized using crystal violet staining. The RP-HPLC method was used to determine the GSH and GSSG levels. Reduced cell number was shown for all tested concentrations and times. Changes in the expression on the mRNA and protein level were demonstrated for CTH and MPST enzymes upon exposure to the tested range of OptiBond concentrations. Levels of low-molecular sulfur compounds of reduced and oxidized glutathione were also established. Cytotoxic effect of OptiBond Solo Plus may be connected with the changes of MPST and CTH sulfur enzymes in the human fibroblast Hs27 cell line. The elevated levels of these enzymes could possibly show the antioxidant response to this dental adhesive system. OptiBond Solo Plus in vitro results should be taken into consideration for further in vivo tests.
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Hampe T, Wiessner A, Frauendorf H, Alhussein M, Karlovsky P, Bürgers R, Krohn S. A comparative in vitro study on monomer release from bisphenol A-free and conventional temporary crown and bridge materials. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 129:e12826. [PMID: 34879174 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the release of common monomers from two conventional and two bisphenol A (BPA)-free temporary crown and bridge materials. Cylindrical samples of all materials were prepared (N = 90; five samples for each material and cycle of analysis). All samples were immersed in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade water and incubated for 1 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 7 days in an incubation shaker at 37°C and 112 rpm. Extraction was performed in accordance with ISO 10993-12. Eluted monomers were detected and quantified by HPLC coupled with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (HPLC-UV/Vis-MS). Analysis of BPA was performed by HPLC coupled with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (HPLC-UV/Vis) and positive results were verified by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Neither bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) nor BPA was quantifiable in any of the crown and bridge samples investigated in the present study. However, all samples contained triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and/or urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) after 24 h of incubation. Statistical analysis showed that significantly more UDMA was released from the BPA-free materials than from the conventional materials. All concentrations of UDMA measured were below the effective cytotoxic concentrations previously reported. However, for a few materials, especially BPA-free temporary crown and bridge materials, the levels of UDMA were above previously reported potentially harmful concentrations for local cells. As BPA-free materials were introduced as being more biocompatible than materials containing BPA, substitution of Bis-GMA with UDMA should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Hampe
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Wiessner
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holm Frauendorf
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mohammad Alhussein
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Petr Karlovsky
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Bürgers
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Krohn
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Elution study of acrylic monomers from orthodontic materials using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). J Orofac Orthop 2021; 83:34-47. [PMID: 33852039 PMCID: PMC8766367 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-021-00292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Main goal of the study was the identification and quantitative analysis of monomer elution from materials commonly used in fixed orthodontic therapy. Studies have shown severe health effects of monomers including cytotoxic, allergenic or mutagenic potential and endocrine changes. This in vitro study focusses primarily on five resins which are usually processed intraorally and remain in the oral cavity long-term. Methods We tested the elution of monomers from specimens (7.5 mm × 1.5 mm) immersed in artificial saliva at body temperature (37 °C) for 30 min to 5 weeks. The used method is in accordance with DIN EN ISO 10993-13. The five tested materials were BrackFix® (Voco GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany), Triad®Gel (DeguDent GmbH, Hanau, Germany), and Transbond™ XT, LR and Plus (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA). All aliquots were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Data were statistically analyzed. Results All five analyzed materials eluted substances over a period of 5 weeks. Identified substances included bisphenol A (BPA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA). BPA eluted from Transbond™ Plus, XT, LR and BrackFix®. The cumulated mean values after 35 days ranged from 16.04 to 64.83 ppm, depending on the material. TEGDMA eluted with a mean of 688.61 ppm from Transbond™ LR. UDMA with a mean of 1682.00 ppm from Triad®Gel. For each material the highest concentrations of all these substances were found in the first elution period. Other substances that were not equivocally identified or of low concentration also eluted. Conclusion Using the described method, it is possible to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the in vitro elution of monomers from orthodontic materials. The concentrations of the substances identified were below the current maximum recommended intake. However, a cumulative effect and low-dose effects should be considered for both patients and dental professionals, especially for young patients. Measures to reduce exposure patients and practitioners are suggested.
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Sabour A, El Helou M, Roger-Leroi V, Bauer C. Release and toxicity of bisphenol-A (BPA) contained in orthodontic adhesives: A systematic review. Int Orthod 2020; 19:1-14. [PMID: 33308954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this systematic review of the literature are to search for BPA release from biomaterials used in orthodontics and to highlight their possible impact on human health. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) model, digital and manual searches were conducted in February 2020 in the database of CENTRAL, MEDLINE and EMBASE. Thirteen parameters relating to the release and biological effects of BPA were identified and analysed. RESULTS Thirty-one non-randomized clinical trials were included. In general, the level of evidence was low, and the risk of bias ranged from moderate to high. Furthermore, although at different concentrations, most of in vitro and in vivo studies found BPA release from orthodontic adhesives. The lack of standardized protocols and the clinical and methodological heterogeneity of the studies prevented a valid interpretation of the actual results. Concerning the possible toxicity of BPA, no conclusive scientific evidence could be drawn, but it seems that orthodontic biomaterials containing BPA have potential adverse biological effects in humans. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Until we have solid evidence from clinical trials, clinicians should consider that orthodontic adhesives containing BPA have potential short- and long-term adverse biological effects in humans. Careful consideration should therefore be given to bonding, polymerization and debonding protocols in orthodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Sabour
- Université Clermont - Auvergne, UFR d'Odontologie, 2, rue de Braga, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Marwan El Helou
- Université Clermont - Auvergne, UFR d'Odontologie, 2, rue de Braga, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valérie Roger-Leroi
- Université Clermont - Auvergne, UFR d'Odontologie, 2, rue de Braga, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cynthia Bauer
- Université Clermont - Auvergne, UFR d'Odontologie, 2, rue de Braga, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Fugolin APP, Navarro O, Logan MG, Huynh V, França CM, Ferracane JL, Pfeifer CS. Synthesis of di- and triacrylamides with tertiary amine cores and their evaluation as monomers in dental adhesive interfaces. Acta Biomater 2020; 115:148-159. [PMID: 32853802 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM In an attempt to increase the service life of dental adhesive interfaces, more hydrolytically and enzymatically-stable methacrylate alternatives, such as methacrylamides, have been proposed. The aim of this study was to investigate polymerization behavior, as well as mechanical and biological properties of experimental adhesives containing multi-functional acrylamides. MATERIALS AND METHODS Multi-functional acrylamides (N,N-Bis[(3-methylaminoacryl)propyl]methylamine - BMAAPMA, Tris[(2-methylaminoacryl)ethyl]amine - TMAAEA, N,N'-bis(acrylamido) 1,4-diazepane - BAADA, N,N-Diethyl-1,3-bis(acrylamido)propane - DEBAAP) or HEMA (2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate - control) were added at 40 wt% to UDMA. 0.2 wt% DMPA and 0.4 wt% DPI-PF6 were used as initiators. Polymerization kinetics was followed in real-time in near-IR during photoactivation (320-500 nm, at 630 mW/cm2). Water sorption/solubility and flexural strength/modulus were measured according to ISO 4049. 1H NMR was used to assess monomer degradation kinetics. MTT assay was used to assess cytotoxicity against OD-21 and DPSC cells. Biofilm formation and adhesion were assessed by Luciferase Assay and Impingement technique, respectively. Solvated adhesives (40 vol% ethanol) were used to test interfacial adhesion strength. The results were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS In general, the pure methacrylate mixture had higher rate of polymerization (Rpmax), degree of conversion (DC) at Rpmax, and final DC than the acrylamides. Flexural properties after water storage decreased between 11 and 65%, more markedly for acrylamides. Interfacial bond strength was greater and more stable long-term for the newly synthesized acrylamide formulations (less than 4% reduction at 6 months) compared to the methacrylate experimental control (42% reduction at 6 months). HEMA degraded by almost 90%, while the acrylamides showed no degradation in acidic conditions. Cytotoxicity and biofilm formation, in general, were similar for all groups. CONCLUSIONS Despite demonstrating high water sorption, the acrylamide-containing materials had similar mechanical and biological properties and enhanced interfacial bond strength stability compared to the methacrylate control.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P P Fugolin
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR 97239, USA
| | - Oscar Navarro
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR 97239, USA
| | - Matthew G Logan
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR 97239, USA
| | - Vincent Huynh
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR 97239, USA
| | - Cristiane M França
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR 97239, USA
| | - Jack L Ferracane
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR 97239, USA
| | - Carmem S Pfeifer
- Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR 97239, USA.
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Jabłońska J, Kluska M. Determination of Mercury Content in Surface Waters Using an Environmentally Non-Toxic Terminating Electrolyte. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 105:626-632. [PMID: 32959072 PMCID: PMC7538401 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02992-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents results of the research on the dynamics of changes in the concentration of mercury in surface waters. The importance of mercury as an environmental pollutant results from specific properties of this metal, many sources of contamination, volatility, mobility, stability and high toxicity of its specific chemical forms. Samples of surface water collected from three rivers: the Bug, the Liwiec and the Muchawka were analysed. The Muchawka River flows into the Liwiec River, which in turn is a tributary of the Bug River. The technique of isotachophoresis was employed, using a solution of a biodegradable and environmentally non-toxic derivative of electrostatically stabilised silanates as the terminating electrolyte. The highest average mercury concentration of 0.89 μg/dm3 was determined in water samples collected from the Bug River in January, whereas the lowest concentration of 0.42 μg/dm3 was recorded in water collected from the Muchawka River in September.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jabłońska
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 54 3-Maja St, 08-110, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kluska
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 54 3-Maja St, 08-110, Siedlce, Poland.
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Taubmann A, Willershausen I, Walter C, Al-Maawi S, Kaina B, Gölz L. Genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of methacrylate-based orthodontic adhesives. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:2569-2581. [PMID: 32970196 PMCID: PMC8060203 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The biocompatibility of methacrylate-based adhesives is a topic that is intensively discussed in dentistry. Since only limited evidence concerning the cyto- and genotoxicity of orthodontic adhesives is available, the aim of this study was to measure the genotoxic potential of seven orthodontic methacrylate-based adhesives. Materials and methods The XTT assay was utilized to determine the cytotoxicity of Assure Plus, Assure Bonding Resin, ExciTE F, OptiBond Solo Plus, Scotchbond Universal Adhesive, Transbond MIP, and Transbond XT after an incubation period of 24 h on human gingival fibroblasts. We also performed the γH2AX assay to explore the genotoxic potential of the adhesives within cytotoxic dose ranges after an incubation period of 6 h. Results The XTT assay showed a concentration-dependent reduction in cell viability. The decrease in cellular viability was in the same dose range most significant for Assure Plus, rendering it the adhesive material with the highest cytotoxicity. Employing the γH2AX assay, a concentration-dependent increase in H2AX phosphorylation was detected, indicating induction of DNA damage. Conclusions For most products, a linear correlation between the material concentration and γH2AX foci was observed. The most severe effect on γH2AX focus induction was found for Transbond MIP, which was the only adhesive in the test group containing the co-initiator diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (DPIHP). Clinical relevance The data indicate that orthodontic adhesives, notably Transbond MIP, bear a genotoxic potential. Since the study was performed with in vitro cultivated cells, a direct translation of the findings to in vivo exposure conditions should be considered with great diligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Taubmann
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ines Willershausen
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | | | - Sarah Al-Maawi
- Frankfurt Orofacial Regenerative Medicine (FORM) Lab, Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Medical Center of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Bernd Kaina
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lina Gölz
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Jabłońska J, Kluska M, Erchak N. The challenge of separating and determining biologically active electrostatically stabilized silanates using the high-performance liquid chromatography technique. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3399-3407. [PMID: 32567759 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We present the results of research on the optimal conditions for the separation and determination of newly obtained hypercoordinated compounds, which belong to the group of electrostatically stabilized silanates. The research involved five stationary and four mobile phases. The best selectivity was obtained using the graphite phase and the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile/water (80/20). The maximum selectivity of the determined electrostatically stabilized silanates was 1.13 and 1.06 for (1), (2), (3); 1.10 and 1.15 for (4), (5), (6); and 1.12 and 1.15 for (7), (8), (9). The octadecyl phase (which is recommended as standard) did not yield satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jabłońska
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kluska
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
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Kluska M, Jabłońska J, Erchak N. Analytics and Application of Biologically Active Pentacoordinate Electrostatically Stabilized Silanates. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 51:1-7. [PMID: 31526141 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1666249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to synthesize information on the analytics, using two separation techniques, and the application of electrostatically stabilized silanate derivatives. They are biologically active, water-soluble, hydrolytically stable and biodegradable. Some of these compounds are used as plant growth regulators, while others, with higher molecular mass and lower electrophoretic mobility, are used in the form of terminating electrolytes in isotachophoresis, which is regarded as one of the green chemistry techniques. Two compounds were successfully used in the form of terminating electrolyte solutions, i.e. 4,4'-bis{1-(perhydroazepiniomethyl)[spirobi(1-sila-2,5-dioxacyclopentane-3-on)]at}, and 4,4'-bis{1-[(N,N-dimethyl)aminiomethyl]spirobi(1-sila-2,5-dioxacyclopentane-3-on)at} to isolate organic ionic substances with high molecular mass, e.g. derivatives of quinoline, stilbene and electrostatically stabilized silanates (ES-silanates). Establishing the best conditions for the analysis of these derivatives extends the possibilities of conducting research on their biological activity and miscellaneous applications. Furthermore, the terminating electrolytes used in the form of solutions of electrostatically stabilized silanates allow the analysis of both cationic and anionic forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Kluska
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Joanna Jabłońska
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
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Dallel I, Lahwar S, Jerbi MA, Tobji S, Ben Amor A, Kassab A. Impact of adhesive system generation and light curing units on orthodontic bonding: In vitro study. Int Orthod 2019; 17:799-805. [PMID: 31474511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2019.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare adhesive performance of fourth, fifth and seventh generation adhesive systems (GASs) and the effect of two different light curing units on shear bond strength (SBS). MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and twenty extracted human upper premolars were divided in four groups. Bonds were assessed as following: group 1 using 4th GAS, group 2 using 5th GAS, group 3 and 4 using 7th GAS with two different light curing units (1500 and 800mw/cm2). Adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were counted. RESULTS Group 1 and 2 showed similar SBSs (P=0.7) which were significantly higher than group 3 (P=0.0002). Group 4 exhibited significantly the weakest SBS with mean=2.15±0.25. Applying shear forces less than 15MPa on group 3 bonds led to the release of almost all of the of brackets. Whereas, applying the same forces on group 2 bonds leads to the release of 66.7% of brackets. Notably, only 40% of brackets in group 1 were debonded. Group 4 brackets were totally debonded when applying shear forces less than 10MPa. While ARI=0 was the most frequent in group 1, ARI=3 was the most frequent in group 3. CONCLUSION Fourth and fifth GASs showed similar SBS higher than seventh GAS. Fourth GAS bonds were able to resist longer against traction forces than those set up by fifth generation. Seventh GAS bonds offered the least efficient resistance. ARI=0 was the highest in group 1. However, Group 4 showed the highest ARI=1 and ARI=2 revealing cohesive failure. We also found that the adhesive power is proportional to the power of the lamp used. In fact, we concluded that 1500 mw/cm2 units light curing during 30seconds generated an ideal energy to enhance orthodontic bracket adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Dallel
- Research laboratory of oral health and bucco-facial rehabilitation LR12ES11, Orthodontic department, Monastir, University of Monastir Tunisia.
| | | | - Mouhamed Ali Jerbi
- Research laboratory of oral health and bucco-facial rehabilitation LR12ES11, Orthodontic department, Monastir, University of Monastir Tunisia
| | - Samir Tobji
- Research laboratory of oral health and bucco-facial rehabilitation LR12ES11, Orthodontic department, Monastir, University of Monastir Tunisia
| | - Adel Ben Amor
- Research laboratory of oral health and bucco-facial rehabilitation LR12ES11, Orthodontic department, Monastir, University of Monastir Tunisia
| | - Asma Kassab
- Dental Medecine Faculty, Research laboratory of oral health and bucco-facial rehabilitation LR 12ES11, University of Monastir, Tunisia
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Once Resin Composites and Dental Sealants Release Bisphenol-A, How Might This Affect Our Clinical Management?-A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16091627. [PMID: 31075949 PMCID: PMC6539392 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) based dental resins are commonly used in preventive and reparative dentistry. Since some monomers may remain unpolymerized in the application of dental resin, they dissolve in the saliva. (2) Methods: The literature search was carried out in Pubmed, Cochrane and Embase databases. Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies and case-control studies that evaluated BPA levels in human urine, saliva and/or blood were included. (3) Results: The initial search had 5111 results. A total of 20 studies were included in the systematic review. Most studies showed an increase of the levels of bisphenol A 1 h after treatments with composite resins and dental sealants. One week after treatments the levels were decreased. (4) Conclusions: Some clinical precautions should be taken to decrease the release of BPA, namely the use of rubber dam, the immediate polishing of all resins used, or the use of glycerin gel to avoid non-polymerization of the last resin layer, and mouthwash after treatment. Another preventive measure in addition to the above-mentioned is the use of the smallest possible number of restorations or sealants, a maximum of four per appointment. These measures are even more important in children, adolescents and pregnant women.
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Xue J, Kannan P, Kumosani TA, Al-Malki AL, Kannan K. Resin-based dental sealants as a source of human exposure to bisphenol analogues, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, and its derivatives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 162:35-40. [PMID: 29276977 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although studies have examined leaching of bisphenol A (BPA) from dental sealants into saliva, occurrence of BPA, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), and their derivatives in dental sealants themselves has not been investigated. In this study, concentrations of eight bisphenol analogues (BPs), BADGE and its derivatives (BADGEs), including BADGE‧H2O, BADGE‧HCl, BADGE‧2H2O, BADGE‧2HCl, and BADGE‧H2O‧HCl, were determined in 70 dental sealants collected from the U.S. market. Of the 70 dental sealants analyzed, 65 contained at least one of the target chemicals measured. BADGE‧2H2O was the most abundant compound, found at concentrations of up to 1780µg/g. The geometric mean (GM) concentration of total BADGEs was 47.8µg/g, which was two to three orders of magnitude higher than that of total BPs (GM: 539ng/g). BPA was found in 46% of the sealants and BADGEs was found in 87% of the sealants analyzed. Majority of the dental sealants analyzed in this study were manufactured in the United States and Korea; no significant differences were observed in the concentrations of BPs and BADGEs between the two countries. An exposure assessment was made based on the concentrations of BPs and BADGEs measured in sealants and their application rates in dentistry. The worst-case exposure scenario with the highest measured concentration of total BPs and BADGEs and application on 8 teeth at 8mg each yielded an estimated daily intake (EDI) of 1670 and 5850ng/kg·bw/day for adults and children, respectively. Although the EDI is below the specific migration limit set by the European Food Safety Authority, dental sealants are a source of exposure to BPs and BADGEs, especially in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchuan Xue
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | - Pranav Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | - Taha A Kumosani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, and Production of Bioproducts for Industrial Applications Research Group and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman L Al-Malki
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, and Production of Bioproducts for Industrial Applications Research Group and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Pelourde C, Bationo R, Boileau MJ, Colat-Parros J, Jordana F. Monomer release from orthodontic retentions: An in vitro study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2018; 153:248-254. [PMID: 29407502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The adhesives used to bond orthodontic retentions are low-loaded composite resins with a resinous matrix containing bisphenol A diglycidyl ether dimethacrylate synthesized from bisphenol A (BPA), fluidizers such as triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and hydrophilic polymers such as hydroxyethylmethacrylate. BPA disrupts the endocrine balance, and TEGDMA has high risks for human health: eg, allergies and cytotoxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the release of monomers from orthodontic bonded retentions. METHODS A reproducible model of bonded retentions was carried out using calibrated molds. We analyzed the release of monomers by gas phase chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. RESULTS This model allowed us to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the in-vitro release of monomers from orthodontic adhesives. The quantitative and qualitative analyses showed no BPA release above the 0.02 ppm detection limit. A greater release of TEGDMA was observed with Transbond LR (31.7 μg/mL) than with Transbond XT (13.12 μg/mL) (both, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif). Other toxic components (iodobenzene, iodobiphenyl, triphenyl stibine, and so on) were also identified. CONCLUSIONS Toxic and carcinogenic molecules not mentioned in the material safety data sheets were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Pelourde
- Pôle d'Odontologie et de Santé buccale, Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France; UFR d'Odontologie, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Raoul Bationo
- Clinique Bucco-dentaire, Centre Médical des Armées, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Marie-José Boileau
- Pôle d'Odontologie et de Santé buccale, Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France; UFR d'Odontologie, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jacques Colat-Parros
- Pôle d'Odontologie et de Santé buccale, Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France; UFR d'Odontologie, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fabienne Jordana
- Faculty of Dentistry Nantes, France; Service d'Odontologie, Nantes, France.
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Deviot M, Lachaise I, Högg C, Durner J, Reichl FX, Attal JP, Dursun E. Bisphenol A release from an orthodontic resin composite: A GC/MS and LC/MS study. Dent Mater 2017; 34:341-354. [PMID: 29183672 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES First, to analyse the in vitro release of BPA and Bis-GMA from an orthodontic resin composite (Transbond XT, 3M Unitek), stored in various conditions, by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS); then to extrapolate the data to the clinical situation. Secondly, to explore the thermal stability of Bis-GMA. METHODS Cylinders of resin composite were prepared and stored according to 3 different protocols: (1) they were light-cured 20s, then placed in artificial saliva; (2) they were light-cured 2s, then placed in acetonitrile; (3) they were light-cured 2s, then placed in methanol. For each group, BPA and Bis-GMA release were determined with GC/MS and/or LC/MS at least after one week. Besides, 120 brackets (10 of each type) were bonded over metal teeth, then debonded, and the weight and the surface of resin composite residues were measured. BPA and Bis-GMA release of adhesive residues were extrapolated from the data obtained with the cylinders. Besides, BPA release from a heated Bis-GMA solution was measured. RESULTS With GC/MC, BPA was detected in all samples. With LC/MS, BPA was detected only from samples immersed in MeOH; Bis-GMA was detected, in varying amount according to the extraction media and the light-curing time. BPA was found after heating of the Bis-GMA solution. SIGNIFICANCE Contamination risk and the heat applied in GC/MS may overestimate the BPA release from resin composite. Based on the LC/MS results, the risk of BPA release after orthodontic bonding would be more than 42000 times lower than the TDI for a 30-kg child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Deviot
- Research Unit in Innovative Dental Materials and Interfaces, EA4462, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Paris Descartes University, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; Bretonneau Hospital, 23 rue Joseph de Maistre, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Lachaise
- Université Paris Est, ICMPE (UMR 7182), CNRS, UPEC, 2 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France
| | - Christof Högg
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Nussbaumstrasse 26, 80336 Munich, Germany; Department of Operative Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Goethestrasse 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Durner
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Nussbaumstrasse 26, 80336 Munich, Germany; Department of Operative Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Goethestrasse 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Franz-Xaver Reichl
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Nussbaumstrasse 26, 80336 Munich, Germany; Department of Operative Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Goethestrasse 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre Attal
- Research Unit in Innovative Dental Materials and Interfaces, EA4462, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Paris Descartes University, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; Charles Foix Hospital, 7 avenue de la République, 94200 Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Elisabeth Dursun
- Research Unit in Innovative Dental Materials and Interfaces, EA4462, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Paris Descartes University, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; Albert Chenevier Hospital, 40 rue de Mesly, 94000 Créteil, France.
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Bationo R, Jordana F, Boileau MJ, Colat-Parros J. Release of monomers from orthodontic adhesives. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 150:491-8. [PMID: 27585778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most composite resins release both bisphenol A (BPA), which disrupts the endocrine balance, and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), which has high risks for human health: eg, allergies and cytotoxicity. The aim of this study was to characterize monomers released from orthodontic adhesives. METHODS We studied samples of orthodontic adhesives by associating 2 techniques: gas phase chromatography and mass spectrometry. RESULTS The in-vitro analysis detected significant quantities of BPA, TEGDMA, and other monomers in orthodontic adhesives used in daily practice: Transbond XT, Transbond Supreme LV (both, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif), Blugloo (Ormco, Orange, Calif), and MonoLok 2 (Rocky Mountain Orthodontics, Denver, Colo). CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should consider that orthodontic adhesives contain BPA, an endocrine disruptor; TEGDMA, an allergic and a cytotoxic compound; and carcinogenic genotoxic compounds. These molecules are not mentioned in the material safety data sheets. Manufacturers should declare all components of dental composites to identify these substances that may result in allergic or undesirable side effects for patients and dental staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Bationo
- Postgraduate student, Oral and Dental Health Polyclinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Army Medical Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Fabienne Jordana
- Associate professor, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Nantes, Nantes, France.
| | - Marie-José Boileau
- Professor, Dentistry and Oral Health Center, Pellegrin Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jacques Colat-Parros
- Associate professor, Dentistry and Oral Health Center, Pellegrin Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Comparative evaluation of salivary bisphenol A levels in patients wearing vacuum-formed and Hawley retainers: An in-vivo study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 151:471-476. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Halimi A, Benyahia H, Bahije L, Adli H, Azeroual MF, Zaoui F. Étude systématique de la libération du bisphénol A par les matériaux orthodontiques et ses effets biologiques. Int Orthod 2016; 14:399-417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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First insights on plasma orthodontics - Application of cold atmospheric pressure plasma to enhance the bond strength of orthodontic brackets. CLINICAL PLASMA MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpme.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Halimi A, Benyahia H, Bahije L, Adli H, Azeroual MF, Zaoui F. A systematic study of the release of bisphenol A by orthodontic materials and its biological effects. Int Orthod 2016; 14:399-417. [PMID: 27856373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic chemical substance used as a starting ingredient in the manufacturing process of a number or orthodontic materials. It is a well-known endocrine disruptor with low estrogenic properties. The aim of this investigation is to present a systematic review regarding the issue of bisphenol A release by orthodontic materials and its impact in orthodontics. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic analysis was performed by electronic search (between 1936 and 2015) on several data bases. The search was limited by using several specific key-words in two languages, English and French. Two investigators selected the responses, which met the selection criteria. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Of the 376 studies found, only 21 met our selection criteria: 11 of these dealt with the release of bisphenol by orthodontic materials and 10 in vitro studies described the effects of BPA leaching from orthodontic materials on human and murine cells. The rate of BPA release was well below the daily tolerable intake (DTI) (50mg/kg/day in 2006, then 50μg/kg/day in 2015) according to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Theoretical exposure to BPA was 11,000 times lower than recommendations. However, other studies have shown the presence of BPA and of monomers released in large quantities at very low doses. The effects of observed BPA varied significantly (toxic and carcinogenic potential) while some studies found no effects at all. The relatively small number of studies dealing with the release of Bisphenol A by orthodontic materials, apart from orthodontic materials and their significant biological effects, has led to the absence of standard protocols and has hindered precise determination of released BPA. Moreover, the lack of coherence between the various methodological approaches and variations in the experimental protocols have resulted in a low level of proof regarding the impact of BPA by orthodontic materials. RECOMMENDATIONS Through this study, the authors encourage clinicians to observe the following recommendations designed to reduce the amount of BPA released by materials used in orthodontics: keep the tip of the light-curing lamp as close as possible to the composite and perform indirect rather than direct light-curing; Pumice-polish the composite after bonding so as to reduce the potential amount of BPA released; reduce exposure by brushing or rinsing with a mouthwash during the first hour after bonding; follow a standardized, reproducible and expert-validated research protocol aimed at better understanding of BPA release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelali Halimi
- Équipe de recherche en biotechnologie et biomatériaux en milieu buccal, faculté de médecine dentaire, Mohammed V university in Rabat, centre hospitalier Ibn-Sina, Rabat-Instituts, BP 6212, Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Hicham Benyahia
- Équipe de recherche en biotechnologie et biomatériaux en milieu buccal, faculté de médecine dentaire, Mohammed V university in Rabat, centre hospitalier Ibn-Sina, Rabat-Instituts, BP 6212, Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Loubna Bahije
- Équipe de recherche en biotechnologie et biomatériaux en milieu buccal, faculté de médecine dentaire, Mohammed V university in Rabat, centre hospitalier Ibn-Sina, Rabat-Instituts, BP 6212, Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hanane Adli
- Équipe de recherche en biotechnologie et biomatériaux en milieu buccal, faculté de médecine dentaire, Mohammed V university in Rabat, centre hospitalier Ibn-Sina, Rabat-Instituts, BP 6212, Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed-Faouzi Azeroual
- Équipe de recherche en biotechnologie et biomatériaux en milieu buccal, faculté de médecine dentaire, Mohammed V university in Rabat, centre hospitalier Ibn-Sina, Rabat-Instituts, BP 6212, Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fatima Zaoui
- Équipe de recherche en biotechnologie et biomatériaux en milieu buccal, faculté de médecine dentaire, Mohammed V university in Rabat, centre hospitalier Ibn-Sina, Rabat-Instituts, BP 6212, Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco
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