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Zhou A, Ryan J. Biological Embedding of Early-Life Adversity and a Scoping Review of the Evidence for Intergenerational Epigenetic Transmission of Stress and Trauma in Humans. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1639. [PMID: 37628690 PMCID: PMC10454883 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe or chronic stress and trauma can have a detrimental impact on health. Evidence suggests that early-life adversity can become biologically embedded and has the potential to influence health outcomes decades later. Epigenetics is one mechanism that has been implicated in these long-lasting effects. Observational studies in humans indicate that the effects of stress could even persist across generations, although whether or not epigenetic mechanisms are involved remains under debate. Here, we provide an overview of studies in animals and humans that demonstrate the effects of early-life stress on DNA methylation, one of the most widely studied epigenetic mechanisms, and summarize findings from animal models demonstrating the involvement of epigenetics in the transmission of stress across generations. We then describe the results of a scoping review to determine the extent to which the terms intergenerational or transgenerational have been used in human studies investigating the transmission of trauma and stress via epigenetic mechanisms. We end with a discussion of key areas for future research to advance understanding of the role of epigenetics in the legacy effects of stress and trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoshuang Zhou
- Division of Epidemiology, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joanne Ryan
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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2
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Management of depression in patients with coronary artery disease: A systematic review. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 83:103534. [PMID: 36871435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Depression is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Both illnesses contribute significantly to the global burden of disease. This systematic literature review examines treatment interventions for CAD patients with comorbid depression. We systematically reviewed The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PUBMED, CINAHL and the ISRCTN Registry for English language randomised control trials investigating treatment interventions for depression in adults with CAD and comorbid depression. Data extracted included author name(s), year published, number of participants, enrolment criteria, depression definition/measures (standardised interviews, rating scales), description of control arms and interventions (psychotherapy and/or medications), randomisation, blinding, follow-up duration, follow-up loss, depression scores and medical outcome. The database search revealed 4464 articles. The review yielded 19 trials. Antidepressant and/or psychotherapy did not significantly influence CAD outcomes in the overall population. There was no difference between antidepressant use and aerobic exercises. Psychological interventions and pharmacological interventions provide small effect on depression outcomes in CAD patients. Patient autonomy in choice of treatment is associated with greater depression treatment satisfaction, but the majority of studies are underpowered. More research is required to explore the role of neurostimulation treatment, complementary and alternative treatments.
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Howland J, Stone A. Public health nurses for case finding, assessment and referral of community-dwelling socially isolated and/or lonely older adults. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1114792. [PMID: 37033035 PMCID: PMC10073688 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1114792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Howland
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jonathan Howland
| | - Amanda Stone
- Massachusets Association of Public Health Nurses, Milton, MA, United States
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The effects of social isolation stress and discrimination on mental health. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:398. [PMID: 36130935 PMCID: PMC9490697 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Social isolation and discrimination are growing public health concerns associated with poor physical and mental health. They are risk factors for increased morbidity and mortality and reduced quality of life. Despite their detrimental effects on health, there is a lack of knowledge regarding translation across the domains of experimental research, clinical studies, and real-life applications. Here, we review and synthesize evidence from basic research in animals and humans to clinical translation and interventions. Animal models indicate that social separation stress, particularly in early life, activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and interacts with monoaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic neurotransmitter systems, inducing long-lasting reductions in serotonin turnover and alterations in dopamine receptor sensitivity. These findings are of particular importance for human social isolation stress, as effects of social isolation stress on the same neurotransmitter systems have been implicated in addictive, psychotic, and affective disorders. Children may be particularly vulnerable due to lasting effects of social isolation and discrimination stress on the developing brain. The effects of social isolation and loneliness are pronounced in the context of social exclusion due to discrimination and racism, during widespread infectious disease related containment strategies such as quarantine, and in older persons due to sociodemographic changes. This highlights the importance of new strategies for social inclusion and outreach, including gender, culture, and socially sensitive telemedicine and digital interventions for mental health care.
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Cené CW, Beckie TM, Sims M, Suglia SF, Aggarwal B, Moise N, Jiménez MC, Gaye B, McCullough LD. Effects of Objective and Perceived Social Isolation on Cardiovascular and Brain Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e026493. [PMID: 35924775 PMCID: PMC9496293 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.026493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Social isolation, the relative absence of or infrequency of contact with different types of social relationships, and loneliness (perceived isolation) are associated with adverse health outcomes. Objective To review observational and intervention research that examines the impact of social isolation and loneliness on cardiovascular and brain health and discuss proposed mechanisms for observed associations. Methods We conducted a systematic scoping review of available research. We searched 4 databases, PubMed, PsycInfo, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, and Scopus. Findings Evidence is most consistent for a direct association between social isolation, loneliness, and coronary heart disease and stroke mortality. However, data on the association between social isolation and loneliness with heart failure, dementia, and cognitive impairment are sparse and less robust. Few studies have empirically tested mediating pathways between social isolation, loneliness, and cardiovascular and brain health outcomes using appropriate methods for explanatory analyses. Notably, the effect estimates are small, and there may be unmeasured confounders of the associations. Research in groups that may be at higher risk or more vulnerable to the effects of social isolation is limited. We did not find any intervention studies that sought to reduce the adverse impact of social isolation or loneliness on cardiovascular or brain health outcomes. Conclusions Social isolation and loneliness are common and appear to be independent risk factors for worse cardiovascular and brain health; however, consistency of the associations varies by outcome. There is a need to develop, implement, and test interventions to improve cardiovascular and brain health for individuals who are socially isolated or lonely.
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Hwang H, Kim SM, Netterstrøm B, Han DH. The Efficacy of a Smartphone-Based App on Stress Reduction: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e28703. [PMID: 35166687 PMCID: PMC8889477 DOI: 10.2196/28703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stress management in the workplace is essential for a healthy mental and physical state. Due to technological advancements, individually tailored therapy and online cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) are on the rise. Objective This study analyzed the efficacy of a smartphone app based on third-wave CBT tailored to an individual. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 126 participants who were divided into 2 groups. The intervention group used the smartphone app BetterLife for 10 weeks, while the control group was placed on a waiting list for the same duration. The Perceived Stress Scale–10 (PSS), Korean Utrecht Work Engagement Scale–9 (UWES), World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL), Beck Depression Inventory–II (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were administered at baseline and after 10 weeks to both groups. Results Of the 126 participants, 11 dropped out during the trial. A 2-way repeated measure analysis of covariance was conducted, controlling for baseline BDI. There were greater improvements in PSS (F=24.33, P<.001, η2=0.17) and UWESK scores (F=8.32, P=.0046, η2=0.06) in the intervention group than in the control group. WHOQOL scores exhibited statistically significant improvement in the intervention group in the overall quality of life (F=8.19, P=.0049, η2=0.06), physical health (F=8.87, P=.003, η2=0.07), psychological health (F=13.32, P<.001, η2=0.10), social relationships (F=19.43, P<.001, η2=0.14), and environmental domains (F=10.14, P=.002, η2=0.08) but not overall health (F=1.68, P=.20). BDI (F=7.17, P=.008, η2=0.06) and BAI (F=6.00, P=.02, η2=0.05) showed a statistically significant improvement in the intervention group, but this significance did not survive the Bonferroni correction (P<.005). Conclusions These results provide evidence that smartphone-based CBT is a viable option for reducing stress in the workplace. Trial Registration Clinical Research Information Service KCT0003231; https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do/15137
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunchan Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Netterstrøm
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Doug Hyun Han
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Freak-Poli R, Hu J, Phyo AZZ, Barker F. Does social isolation, social support or loneliness influence health or well-being after a cardiovascular disease event? A narrative thematic systematic review. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e16-e38. [PMID: 34028106 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Identification of factors which influence health after a cardiovascular disease (CVD) event will assist with reducing the high health and economic burden of CVD. We undertook a systematic review to investigate the association between social health (lower social isolation, higher social support and lower loneliness) and health and well-being after a CVD event among people living in Australia and New Zealand. Four electronic databases were systematically searched until June 2020. Two reviewers undertook title/abstract screen. One reviewer undertook full-text screen and data extraction. A second author either independently extracted or checked data. Narrative thematic analysis was undertaken. Of the 752 unique records retrieved, 39 papers from 29 studies met our inclusion criteria. Included studies recruited between 10 and 1,455 participants, aged 12-96 years, and the majority were male. Greater social health was consistently associated with better mental health outcomes (lower depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and psychological distress). Lower social isolation and higher social support were associated with the extent to which patient needs were being met. Living situation was not associated with mental health outcomes, and being married or living with someone was associated with greater medication adherence. Our systematic review demonstrates that greater social health is associated with better mental health outcomes and met patient needs among cardiac patients. As partner status and living status did not align with social isolation and social support findings in this review, we recommend they not be used as social health proxies when assessing health outcomes among CVD patients. Our review highlights the need for more research focused on women and the importance of gender-disaggregated reporting. Further assessment is required to evaluate whether loneliness is associated with health and well-being outcomes after a CVD event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne Freak-Poli
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessie Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Aung Zaw Zaw Phyo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Fiona Barker
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Han L, Shen S, Wu Y, Zhong C, Zheng X. Trajectories of depressive symptoms and risk of cardiovascular disease: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 145:137-143. [PMID: 34922097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that depression is associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the association between long-term depressive symptom patterns and the risk of CVD was not well characterized. METHODS A total of 8621 participants with three Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) measurements from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were included. Trajectories of depressive symptoms were identified by latent mixture modeling. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the association of depressive symptom trajectories with CVD (stroke or cardiac events), and accounting for mortality as a competing risk for CVD. RESULTS We identified four distinct depressive symptoms trajectories, characterized by maintaining low CES-D score throughout the follow-up (no depressive symptoms; 5642 participants [65.44%]); high starting CES-D scores but then decreasing scores (decreasing depressive symptoms; 1329 participants [14.91%]); low starting CES-D scores then increasing scores (increasing depressive symptoms; 1154 participants [13.39%]) and maintained high CES-D scores throughout the follow-up (persistent depressive symptoms; 496 participants [6.26%]). During the follow-up period, 853 CVD events (including 362 strokes and 535 cardiac events) were recorded. Compared to participants in the no depressive symptom trajectory, those in the increasing depressive symptoms and persistent depressive symptom trajectories had an increased risk of CVD, with multiple-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.53 (1.28-1.82) and 1.68 (1.34-2.12), respectively. Individuals with increasing and persistent depressive symptoms trajectories also had higher risks of stroke and cardiac events. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with increasing and persistent depressive symptom over time were associated with increased risk of incident CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyang Han
- Public Health Research Center and Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Suwen Shen
- Wuxi Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Public Health Research Center and Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Chongke Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China.
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Public Health Research Center and Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
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Sharif Nia H, Gorgulu O, Naghavi N, Froelicher ES, Fomani FK, Goudarzian AH, Sharif SP, Pourkia R, Haghdoost AA. A time-series prediction model of acute myocardial infarction in northern of Iran: the risk of climate change and religious mourning. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:563. [PMID: 34814834 PMCID: PMC8609867 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02372-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although various studies have been conducted on the effects of seasonal climate changes or emotional variables on the risk of AMI, many of them have limitations to determine the predictable model. The currents study is conducted to assess the effects of meteorological and emotional variables on the incidence and epidemiological occurrence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Sari (capital of Mazandaran, Iran) during 2011-2018. METHODS In this study, a time series analysis was used to determine the variation of variables over time. All series were seasonally adjusted and Poisson regression analysis was performed. In the analysis of meteorological data and emotional distress due to religious mourning events, the best results were obtained by autoregressive moving average (ARMA) (5,5) model. RESULTS It was determined that average temperature, sunshine, and rain variables had a significant effect on death. A total of 2375 AMI's were enrolled. Average temperate (°C) and sunshine hours a day (h/day) had a statistically significant relationship with the number of AMI's (β = 0.011, P = 0.014). For every extra degree of temperature increase, the risk of AMI rose [OR = 1.011 (95%CI 1.00, 1.02)]. For every extra hour of sunshine, a day a statistically significant increase [OR = 1.02 (95% CI 1.01, 1.04)] in AMI risk occurred (β = 0.025, P = 0.001). Religious mourning events increase the risk of AMI 1.05 times more. The other independent variables have no significant effects on AMI's (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Results demonstrate that sunshine hours and the average temperature had a significant effect on the risk of AMI. Moreover, emotional distress due to religious morning events increases AMI. More specific research on this topic is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Sharif Nia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ozkan Gorgulu
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Navaz Naghavi
- Faculty of Business and Law, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Erika Sivarajan Froelicher
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California Sand Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California Sand Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | | | | | | | - Roghiyeh Pourkia
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Haghdoost
- Research Center for Modeling in Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Banerjee P, Reddy BG, Gavaravarapu SM. Identifying opportunities and barriers for introducing a workplace nutrition and health program for employees: Findings from formative research. Work 2021; 73:1175-1187. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-211017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The work style of employees engaged in the Information Technology (IT) and Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) sector in India is dominantly sedentary exposing them to detrimental obesogenic environments with unhealthy diets, increasing the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Workplace health interventions have been reported to have the potential of reducing NCDs and related risk factors among the employees and thus reduce cost of absenteeism and improve productivity. OBJECTIVE: This formative research study aims to explore the opportunities and barriers of the development and implementation of a Workplace Health Programme (WHP). METHODS: In this study, a mixed method including qualitative and quantitative approaches were used. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with employees and senior managers in employers of IT/BPO companies of different sizes in Hyderabad, India. The food and physical activity environment in the workplaces were explored using a checklist and ground truthing approach. A Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) questionnaire was developed to assess health, nutrition and physical activity of the employees. RESULTS: Through this formative research, the required areas for nutrition, physical activity and health education were identified. The scopes of utilising existing facilities for physical activity and modifying the food environment was explored. We noted optimistic bias among the junior employees who did not consider themselves at risk of developing NCDs. CONCLUSIONS: The identified opportunities and barriers will help in developing strategic WHPs suitable to individual workplaces. The qualitative methods, ground truthing approach, checklist and KAP tools used here can assess the company environment and employee health and nutrition status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paromita Banerjee
- Nutrition Information, Communication & Health Education (NICHE) Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Bhanuprakash G. Reddy
- Biochemistry Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - SubbaRao M. Gavaravarapu
- Nutrition Information, Communication & Health Education (NICHE) Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Troke N, Logar‐Henderson C, DeBono N, Dakouo M, Hussain S, MacLeod JS, Demers PA. Incidence of acute myocardial infarction in the workforce: Findings from the Occupational Disease Surveillance System. Am J Ind Med 2021; 64:338-357. [PMID: 33682182 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased risks of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may be attributable to the workplace, however, associations are not well-established. Using the Occupational Disease Surveillance System (ODSS), we sought to estimate associations between occupation and industry of employment and AMI risk among workers in Ontario, Canada. METHODS The study population was derived by linking provincial accepted lost-time workers' compensation claims data, to inpatient hospitalization records. Workers aged 15-65 years with an accepted non-AMI compensation claim were followed for an AMI event between 2007 and 2016. Adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each industry and occupation group, compared to all other workers in the cohort. Sex-stratified analyses were also performed. RESULTS In all, 24,514 incident cases of AMI were identified among 1,502,072 Ontario workers. Increased incidence rates of AMI were found across forestry (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.19-1.58) and wood processing (HR 1.50, 1.27-1.77) job-titles. Elevated rates were also detected within industries and occupations both broadly related to mining and quarrying (HR 1.52, 1.17-1.97), trucking (HR 1.32, 1.27-1.38), construction (HR 1.32, 1.14-1.54), and the manufacturing and processing of metal (HR 1.41, 1.19-1.68), textile (HR 1.41, 1.07-1.88), non-metallic mineral (HR 1.30, 0.82-2.07), and rubber and plastic (HR 1.42, 1.27-1.60) products. Female food service workers also had elevated AMI rates (HR 1.36, 1.23-1.51). CONCLUSION This study found occupational variation in AMI incidence. Future studies should examine work-related hazards possibly contributing to such excess risks, like noise, vibration, occupational physical activity, shift work, and chemical and particulate exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Troke
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario Division) Toronto Ontario Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Chloë Logar‐Henderson
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario Division) Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Nathan DeBono
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario Division) Toronto Ontario Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Mamadou Dakouo
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario Division) Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Selena Hussain
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario Division) Toronto Ontario Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jill S. MacLeod
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario Division) Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Paul A. Demers
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario Division) Toronto Ontario Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
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Xu Y, Ye H, Zhu Y, Du S, Xu G, Wang Q. The efficacy of mobile health in alleviating risk factors related to the occurrence and development of coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Cardiol 2021; 44:609-619. [PMID: 33724494 PMCID: PMC8119799 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between the efficacy of mobile health and the occurrence and development of coronary heart disease (CHD) is still unclear. Mobile health can alleviate the risk factors for CHD. PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP databases were searched from inception through May 28, 2020. Randomized controlled trials of the effect of mobile health in alleviating the risk factors of CHD's occurrence and development were included. Risks of bias were assessed by two independent reviewers by using the RevMan 5.3, GRADEpro, and RoB2.0 to generate findings. Meta‐analyses were performed to investigate the effects of mobile health on risk factors for CHD. Subgroup analyses were conducted. Sixteen randomized controlled trials, including 3898 patients with CHD, were included. Meta‐analysis results showed that mobile health can reduce BMI (mean difference [MD] = − 1.24, 95% CI = − 2.02 to − 0.45, p < .05), waist circumference (MD = − 4.40, 95% CI = − 4.72 to − 4.08, p < .00001), total cholesterol (TC) level (MD = − 0.43, 95% CI = − 0.64 to − 0.22, p < 0.00001), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) level (MD = − 0.31, 95% CI = − 0.48 to − 0.15, p < .05), diastolic blood pressure (MD = − 2.01, 95% CI = − 3.40 to − 0.623, p < .05), and depression (MD = − 8.32, 95% CI = − 12.83 to − 3.81, p < .05) and increase high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level (MD = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.32, p < .05) with statistically significant differences. The results of subgroup analyses indicated that the simple mobile health intervention has more remarkable advantages in reducing BMI, TC, LDL‐C, and systolic blood pressure than the complex mobile health intervention. Mobile health can alleviate the risk factors for CHD and has a certain effect on the prevention and recovery of CHD. Simple mobile health has a remarkable advantage. Limited by the quantity and quality of included studies, future research enrolling high‐quality studies should be taken to verify the above conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing university of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Ye
- School of Nursing, Nanjing university of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing university of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shizheng Du
- School of Nursing, Nanjing university of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guihua Xu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing university of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing university of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Olive LS, Sciberras E, Berkowitz TS, Hoare E, Telford RM, O'Neil A, Mikocka-Walus A, Evans S, Hutchinson D, McGillivray JA, Berk M, Teague SJ, Wood AG, Olsson C, Westrupp EM. Child and Parent Physical Activity, Sleep, and Screen Time During COVID-19 and Associations With Mental Health: Implications for Future Psycho-Cardiological Disease? Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:774858. [PMID: 35242059 PMCID: PMC8886612 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.774858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has afforded the opportunity for some to improve lifestyle behaviours, while for others it has presented key challenges. Adverse changes in global lifestyle behaviours, including physical activity, sleep, and screen time can affect proximal mental health and in turn distal cardiovascular outcomes. We investigated differences in physical activity, sleep, and screen time in parents and children during early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia compared to pre-COVID-19 national data; and estimated associations between these movement behaviours with parent and child mental health. Cross-sectional baseline data from the COVID-19 Pandemic Adjustment Study (CPAS; N = 2,365) were compared to nationally representative pre-pandemic data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC; N = 9,438). Participants were parents of children aged ≤ 18 years, residing in Australia. Parents provided self-report measures of mental health, physical activity and sleep quality, and reported on child mental health, physical activity and screen time. Children in CPAS had significantly more sleep problems and more weekend screen time. Their parents had significantly poorer sleep quality, despite increased weekly physical activity. Children's sleep problems were significantly associated with increased mental health problems, after accounting for socioeconomic status, physical activity, and screen time. Poorer parent sleep quality and lower levels of physical activity were significantly associated with poorer mental health. Monitoring this cohort over time will be important to examine whether changes in movement behaviour are enduring or naturally improve with the easing of restrictions; and whether these changes have lasting effects on either parent or child mental health, and in turn, future risk for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Olive
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Canberra, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Health, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Orygen, Elite Sports and Mental Health, and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Emma Sciberras
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Canberra, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tomer S Berkowitz
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Canberra, VIC, Australia
| | - Erin Hoare
- Faculty of Health, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Rohan M Telford
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, VIC, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Faculty of Health, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,The Food and Mood Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Antonina Mikocka-Walus
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Canberra, VIC, Australia
| | - Subhadra Evans
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Canberra, VIC, Australia
| | - Delyse Hutchinson
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Canberra, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,The National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jane A McGillivray
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Canberra, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Faculty of Health, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Orygen, Elite Sports and Mental Health, and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sam J Teague
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Canberra, VIC, Australia
| | - Amanda G Wood
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Canberra, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,College of Health & Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Olsson
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Canberra, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Westrupp
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Canberra, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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14
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Snacking on Whole Almonds for Six Weeks Increases Heart Rate Variability during Mental Stress in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061828. [PMID: 32575387 PMCID: PMC7353422 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac autonomic regulation can be indirectly measured by heart rate variability (HRV). Low HRV, which can be induced by mental stress, is a predictor of risk of sudden cardiac death. Few studies have investigated cause-and-effect relationships between diet and HRV. Nut consumption is associated with CVD risk reduction, but the impact on HRV, particularly in response to stress, is unclear. Men and women (30–70 y) with above average risk of developing CVD were randomly assigned in a 6-week randomized, controlled, parallel arm trial to consume either whole almond or isocaloric control snacks (20% of daily estimated energy requirement). Control snacks contained the average nutrient profile of UK snacks. Five-minute periods of supine heart rate (HR) and HRV were measured at resting and during mental stress (Stroop color-word test) at baseline and six weeks. High frequency (HF) power, which reflects parasympathetic regulation of HR, was increased following almonds during the mental stress task relative to control (mean difference between groups 124 ms2; 95% CI 11, 237; p = 0.031, n = 105), but other indices were unaffected. Snacking on whole almonds instead of typical snacks may reduce risk of CVD partly by ameliorating the suppression of HRV during periods of mental stress.
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Whitfield JB, Landers JG, Martin NG, Boyle GJ. Validity of the Grossarth-Maticek and Eysenck personality-stress model of disease: An empirical prospective cohort study. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Tofler GH, Morel-Kopp MC, Spinaze M, Dent J, Ward C, McKinley S, Mihailidou AS, Havyatt J, Whitfield V, Bartrop R, Fethney J, Prigerson HG, Buckley T. The effect of metoprolol and aspirin on cardiovascular risk in bereavement: A randomized controlled trial. Am Heart J 2020; 220:264-272. [PMID: 31923768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bereavement is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease; however, no reports exist of interventions to reduce risk. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 85 recently bereaved participants, we determined whether β-blocker (metoprolol 25 mg) and aspirin (100 mg) reduce cardiovascular risk markers and anxiety, without adversely affecting bereavement intensity. METHODS Participants were spouses (n = 73) or parents (n = 12) of deceased from 5 hospitals in Sydney, Australia, 55 females, 30 males, aged 66.1 ± 9.4 years. After assessment within 2 weeks of bereavement, subjects were randomized to 6 weeks of daily treatment or placebo, and the effect evaluated using ANCOVA, adjusted for baseline values (primary analysis). RESULTS Participants on metoprolol and aspirin had lower levels of home systolic pressure (P = .03), 24-hour average heart rate (P < .001) and anxiety (P = .01) platelet response to arachidonic acid (P < .001) and depression symptoms (P = .046) than placebo with no difference in standard deviation of NN intervals index (SDNNi), von Willebrand Factor antigen, platelet-granulocyte aggregates or bereavement intensity. No significant adverse safety impact was observed. CONCLUSIONS In early bereavement, low dose metoprolol and aspirin for 6 weeks reduces physiological and psychological surrogate measures of cardiovascular risk. Although further research is needed, results suggest a potential preventive benefit of this approach during heightened cardiovascular risk associated with early bereavement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey H Tofler
- Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Autralia; University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Autralia.
| | - Marie-Christine Morel-Kopp
- Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Autralia; University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Autralia; Kolling Institute, St Leonards, NSW, Autralia
| | - Monica Spinaze
- Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Autralia; University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Autralia
| | - Jill Dent
- Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Autralia; University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Autralia
| | - Christopher Ward
- Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Autralia; University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Autralia
| | | | - Anastasia S Mihailidou
- Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Autralia; Kolling Institute, St Leonards, NSW, Autralia; Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Autralia
| | - Jennifer Havyatt
- Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Autralia; University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Autralia
| | - Victoria Whitfield
- Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Autralia; University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Autralia
| | - Roger Bartrop
- Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Autralia; University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Autralia
| | | | | | - Thomas Buckley
- Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Autralia; University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Autralia; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, U.S.A
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17
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Michele M R R, Tonantzin R G, Mraia Teresa A O, Marcos P P. Psychosocial aspects and self-reporting of cardiovascular diseases in Brazilian adults. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2019; 25:719-729. [PMID: 31405296 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2019.1653480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of psychosocial aspects on self-reporting of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The hypotheses were that psychosocial aspects have a direct or indirect effect on health behaviors, cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVDRFs) and CVDs. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with a representative sample of 1100 adults from the urban area of a medium-sized municipality in southern Brazil. Structured interviews were conducted using a standardized and pre-tested questionnaire. The psychosocial aspects included scales of resilience, quality of life, sense of coherence and social support. The outcomes were CVDs and CVDRFs measured by single items asking participants whether a physician had stated that they had heart disease, high blood pressure or high cholesterol/triglycerides or were overweight (BMI≥25 kg/m2). Data analysis was based on structural equation models. The final model exhibited good fit : (χ2[57] = 155, p < 0.001, root-mean-square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.042, confirmatory fit index [CFI] = 0.902 and standardized root-mean-square residual [SRMR] = 0.042). Consistent with our direct effect hypothesis, favorable psychosocial aspects were inversely associated with CVDRFS (β = -0.15, p = 0.011) and with CVDs (β = -0.10, p = 0.048). The indirect effect through health behaviors was not confirmed. The findings suggest that psychosocial aspects may influence the presence of self-reported CVDs or CVDRFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redin Michele M R
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos , São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Gonçalves Tonantzin R
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos , São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Olinto Mraia Teresa A
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos , São Leopoldo, Brazil.,Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pattussi Marcos P
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos , São Leopoldo, Brazil
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18
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Soroush A, Shams-Alizadeh N, Vahdat A, Mohebi Z, Saeidi M, Komasi S. Role of perceived heart risk factors by outpatient population in predicting cardiovascular risk. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2019; 11:100-108. [PMID: 31384403 PMCID: PMC6669426 DOI: 10.15171/jcvtr.2019.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Regarding the expanding population in developing countries who are at risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), identification and management of effective factors are important in reducing the risk of CVDs. So, the present study aimed to assess the role of perceived heart risk factors (PHRFs) in the prediction of cardiovascular risk among outpatient patients.
Methods: The samples of this cross-sectional study included 150 outpatient patients who attend the clinic of Imam Reza hospital during October-December 2016. The participants were completed the Perceived Heart Risk Factors Scale (PHRFS) and Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Questionnaire (CRAQ). Data analyzed through Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses.
Results: Based on the findings, 28%, 40%, 22.7%, and 9.3% of patients were low, medium, high, and severely high-risk, respectively. The strongest predictors of the cardiovascular risk were physiological (β=-0.273; P=0.004), psychological (β=0.236; P=0.020), and biological risk factors (β=0.209; P=0.016), respectively. In addition, the strongest predictor of the lifestyle risk was physiological risk factors (β=-0.264; P=0.007). Other variables do not play a significant role in predict the lifestyle risk (P>0.05). Our model was able to explain 9.2% of cardiovascular risk variance and 5.7% of cardiovascular risk caused by lifestyle variance.
Conclusion: The higher patients’ perception about biological and psychological risk factors is concerned as an alarm for increased cardiovascular risk while higher perception about physiological risk factors is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk caused by lifestyle and total cardiovascular risk. The programs reducing cardiovascular risk should target the high-risk groups to save cost and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Soroush
- Heart Research Center, Imam Ali Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nasim Shams-Alizadeh
- Lifestyle Modification Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Afsoon Vahdat
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zeinab Mohebi
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Imam Ali Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Saeidi
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Imam Ali Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saeid Komasi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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19
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Scott EM, Carpenter JS, Iorfino F, Cross SPM, Hermens DF, Gehue J, Wilson C, White D, Naismith SL, Guastella AJ, Hickie IB. What is the prevalence, and what are the clinical correlates, of insulin resistance in young people presenting for mental health care? A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e025674. [PMID: 31138580 PMCID: PMC6550004 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report the distribution and predictors of insulin resistance (IR) in young people presenting to primary care-based mental health services. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Headspace-linked clinics operated by the Brain and Mind Centre of the University of Sydney. PARTICIPANTS 768 young people (66% female, mean age 19.7±3.5, range 12-30 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES IR was estimated using the updated homeostatic model assessment (HOMA2-IR). Height and weight were collected from direct measurement or self-report for body mass index (BMI). RESULTS For BMI, 20.6% of the cohort were overweight and 10.2% were obese. However, <1% had an abnormally high fasting blood glucose (>6.9 mmol/L). By contrast, 9.9% had a HOMA2-IR score >2.0 (suggesting development of IR) and 11.7% (n=90) had a score between 1.5 and 2. Further, there was a positive correlation between BMI and HOMA2-IR (r=0.44, p<0.001). Participants in the upper third of HOMA2-IR scores are characterised by younger age, higher BMIs and depression as a primary diagnosis. HOMA2-IR was predicted by younger age (β=0.19, p<0.001) and higher BMI (β=0.49, p<0.001), together explaining 22% of the variance (F(2,361)=52.1, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Emerging IR is evident in a significant subgroup of young people presenting to primary care-based mental health services. While the major modifiable risk factor is BMI, a large proportion of the variance is not accounted for by other demographic, clinical or treatment factors. Given the early emergence of IR, secondary prevention interventions may need to commence prior to the development of full-threshold or major mood or psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Scott
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanne S Carpenter
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frank Iorfino
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shane P M Cross
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel F Hermens
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience Thompson Institute, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeanne Gehue
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chloe Wilson
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Django White
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sharon L Naismith
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam J Guastella
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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20
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Liao KL, Huang YT, Kuo SH, Lin WT, Chou FH, Chou PL. Registered nurses are at increased risk of hospitalization for infectious diseases and perinatal complications: A population-based observational study. Int J Nurs Stud 2019; 91:70-76. [PMID: 30677590 PMCID: PMC7101023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Nursing staff spend long periods in high-risk working environments. Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the hospitalization risk between nursing staff and the general population. Design This study adopted a retrospective observational design. Setting Data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from 2011 to 2013 were analyzed. Method The standardized hospitalization ratio model was used to analyze the relative risk of hospitalization for various diseases between nursing staff and the general population. Results A total of 33,267 numbers of nursing staff in Taiwan were hospitalized, an overall crude hospitalization rate of 21.5%. After controlling for gender, calendar year, and age of nursing staff, the standardized hospitalization ratio of female nursing staff was significantly higher compared to the general population for infectious and parasitic diseases (SHR = 121.05, 95% CI = 112.66–129.89), diseases of the respiratory system (SHR = 105.12, 95% CI = 100.60–109.80), complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium (SHR = 102.59, 95% CI = 100.85–104.35), and diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (SHR = 109.71, 95% CI = 101.10–118.86). Conclusions Nursing staff have a significantly higher hospitalization risk compared to the general population for infectious and parasitic diseases, diseases of the respiratory system, complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium, and diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. This may be associated with the job characteristics and environment of nursing staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Lin Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Tung Huang
- Center for Big Data Analytics and Statistics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Hsien Kuo
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, College of Health and Medical Science, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Ting Lin
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Fan-Hao Chou
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Pi-Ling Chou
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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21
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Ghiasmand M, Moghadamnia MT, Pourshaikhian M, Kazemnezhad Leyli E. Emotional Triggers of Acute Myocardial Infarction. JOURNAL OF HOLISTIC NURSING AND MIDWIFERY 2019. [DOI: 10.29252/hnmj.29.1.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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22
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Huo Yung Kai S, Ruidavets JB, Carles C, Marquie JC, Bongard V, Leger D, Ferrieres J, Esquirol Y. Impact of occupational environmental stressors on blood pressure changes and on incident cases of hypertension: a 5-year follow-up from the VISAT study. Environ Health 2018; 17:79. [PMID: 30445973 PMCID: PMC6240201 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of occupational stressors (OS) on blood pressure (BP) is often suspected, but asserting its impact remains uncertain. Our goal was to evaluate their impact on BP increase and on incident cases of hypertension over a 5-year period. METHODS One thousand, one hundred and fifty-six men and women from the French prospective VISAT study were followed up over five-years (T1 to T2). Exposures to a large panel of OS (physical, organizational, psychosocial and employment categories) were collected. Linear and logistic regressions were used to assess associations between OS and T2-T1 SBP difference and incident cases of hypertension. They were performed to determine the role of OS first considered separately, then in combination, in crude and adjusted models for main cardiovascular risk factors (gender, age, education, BMI, lifestyle habits and medical history). RESULTS For initial SBP level < 130 mmHg, carrying loads, intense noise exposure, working more than 48 h/week, active and high strain tended to be associated with an SBP difference increase, while job recognition was associated with a decrease. After adjustment, only significant associations with job strain and job recognition persisted. For initial SBP level ≥ 130 mmHg, being exposed to an active job strain was positively associated with T2-T1 SBP difference only in unadjusted model. Considering all the OS, the recognition of completed tasks had a major protective role. No impact of OS on incident cases of hypertension was observed. CONCLUSION Associations between OS and SBP were observed mainly when initial SBP is within the normal range, and are mainly explained by cardiovascular factors, requiring physician's particular attention to people exposed to these OS. VISAT study is registered in "LE PORTAIL EPIDEMIOLOGIE - FRANCE- AVIESAN -ID 3666".
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Camille Carles
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM UMR 1219, Equipe EPICENE, F33000 Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine du Travail et pathologie professionnelle, F33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Vanina Bongard
- UMR1027, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31000 Toulouse, France
- Department of Epidemiology, CHU de Toulouse (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire), 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Damien Leger
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, APHP, Hôtel Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance et EA 7330 VIFASOM, Université Paris Descartes, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Jean Ferrieres
- UMR1027, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31000 Toulouse, France
- Department of Cardiology, CHU de Toulouse (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire), 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Yolande Esquirol
- UMR1027, INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31000 Toulouse, France
- Occupational Health department, CHU-Toulouse, 31000 Toulouse, France
- Faculté de médecine, 37 allées jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France
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23
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Anishchenko L. Challenges and Potential Solutions of Psychophysiological State Monitoring with Bioradar Technology. Diagnostics (Basel) 2018; 8:E73. [PMID: 30336635 PMCID: PMC6316295 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics8040073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychophysiological state monitoring provides a promising way to detect stress and accurately assess wellbeing. The purpose of the present work was to investigate the advantages of utilizing a new unobtrusive multi-transceiver system on the accuracy of remote psychophysiological state monitoring by means of a bioradar technique. The technique was tested in laboratory conditions with the participation of 35 practically healthy volunteers, who were asked to perform arithmetic and physical workload tests imitating different types of stressors. Information about any variation in vital signs, registered by a bioradar with two transceivers, was used to detect mental or physical stress. Processing of the experimental results showed that the designed two-channel bioradar can be used as a simple and relatively easy approach to implement a non-contact method for stress monitoring. However, individual specificity of physiological responses to mental and physical workloads makes the creation of a universal stress-detector classifier that is suitable for people with different levels of stress tolerance a challenging task. For non-athletes, the proposed method allows classification of calm state/mental workload and calm state/physical workload with an accuracy of 89% and 83% , respectively, without the usage of any additional a priori information on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesya Anishchenko
- Remote Sensing Laboratory, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow 105005, Russia.
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24
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Williams JA, Buxton O, Hinde J, Bray J, Berkman L. Psychosocial Workplace Factors and Healthcare Utilization: A Study of Two Employers. Int J Health Policy Manag 2018; 7:614-622. [PMID: 29996581 PMCID: PMC6037501 DOI: 10.15171/ijhpm.2017.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: While a large literature links psychosocial workplace factors with health and health behaviors, there is very little work connecting psychosocial workplace factors to healthcare utilization.
Methods: Survey data were collected from two different employers using computer-assisted telephone interviewing as a part of the Work-Family Health Network (2008-2013): one in the information technology (IT) service industry and one that is responsible for a network of long-term care (LTC) facilities. Participants were surveyed four times at six month intervals. Responses in each wave were used to predict utilization in the following wave. Four utilization measures were outcomes: having at least one emergency room (ER)/Urgent care, having at least one other healthcare visit, number of ER/urgent care visits, and number of other healthcare visits. Population-averaged models using all four waves controlled for health and other factors associated with utilization.
Results: Having above median job demands was positively related to the odds of at least one healthcare visit, odds ratio [OR] 1.37 (P<.01), and the number of healthcare visits, incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.36 (P<.05), in the LTC sample. Work-to-family conflict was positively associated with the odds of at least one ER/urgent care visit in the LTC sample, OR 1.15 (P<.05), at least one healthcare visit in the IT sample, OR 1.35 (P<.01), and with more visits in the IT sample, IRR 1.35 (P<.01). Greater schedule control was associated with reductions in the number of ER/urgent care visits, IRR 0.71 (P<.05), in the IT sample.
Conclusion: Controlling for other factors, some psychosocial workplace factors were associated with future healthcare utilization. Additional research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Allia Williams
- Harvard Center for Population & Development Studies, Cambridge, MA, USA.,The University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Health Policy and Management, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Orfeu Buxton
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jesse Hinde
- Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jeremy Bray
- Department of Economics, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Lisa Berkman
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, T.H. Chan Harvard School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Zhang YQ, Guo QY, Li QY, Ren WQ, Tang SH, Wang SS, Liang RX, Li DF, Zhang Y, Xu HY, Yang HJ. Main active constituent identification in Guanxinjing capsule, a traditional Chinese medicine, for the treatment of coronary heart disease complicated with depression. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:975-987. [PMID: 28858293 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanxinjing capsules (GXJCs) are used in traditional Chinese medicine as a common therapy for coronary heart disease (CHD) complicated with depression. In this study, we aimed to identify the main active constituents in GXJCs and to investigate the mechanisms of GXJC action on CHD complicated with depression. The chemical constituent profile of the GXJC was identified by UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap assay, and oral bioavailability was evaluated to screen the GXJC drug-like chemical constituents. A total of 16 GXJC drug-like chemical constituents were identified. Then, putative targets of the GXJC drug-like chemical constituents were predicted using MedChem Studio, with 870 genes found to be the putative targets of these molecules. After that, a GXJC putative target-known CHD/depression therapeutic target network was constructed, and four topological features, including degree, betweenness, closeness and K-coreness, were calculated. According to the topological feature values of the GXJC putative targets, 14 main active constituents were identified because their corresponding putative targets had topological importance in the GXJC putative target-known CHD/depression therapeutic target network, which were defined as the candidate targets of GXJC against CHD complicated with depression. Functionally, these candidate targets were significantly involved in several CHD/depression-related pathways, including repairing pathological vascular changes, reducing platelet aggregation and inflammation, and affecting patient depression. This study identified a list of main active constituents of GXJC acting on CHD complicated with depression using an integrative pharmacology-based approach that combined active chemical constituent identification, drug target prediction and network analysis. This method may offer an efficient way to understand the pharmacological mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions.
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Thompson DR, Ski CF, Saner H. Psychosocial assessment and intervention - are we doing enough? Heart Lung 2018; 47:278-279. [PMID: 29804642 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David R Thompson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Chantal F Ski
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Hugo Saner
- Department for Preventive Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
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Do self-reported stress and depressive symptoms effect endothelial function in healthy youth? The LOOK longitudinal study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196137. [PMID: 29684063 PMCID: PMC5912713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Endothelial dysfunction is thought to be an early indicator of risk for cardiovascular disease and has been associated with both stress and depression in adults and adolescents. Less is known of these relationships in younger populations, where the origins of CVD is thought to manifest. This study examined the effects of questionnaire derived psychosocial stress and depressive symptoms on endothelial function among children, following them through to adolescence. METHOD Participants were 203 grade 2 children (111 girls; M age = 7.6 ± 0.3 years) from the LOOK longitudinal study, who were followed through to adolescence (16 years). Self-reported psychosocial stress and depression were assessed using the validated Children's Stress Questionnaire and a modified and validated version of the Children's Depression Inventory respectively; endothelial function was assessed using EndoPAT 2000 system at follow-up only; and adjustments were made for fitness, pubertal development and socioeconomic status. RESULTS Although all relationships occurred in the hypothesised direction, no cross-sectional or prospective evidence of early symptoms of psychological stress or depression being associated with endothelial dysfunction was found among our asymptomatic cohort of adolescents (all p > .05). CONCLUSIONS In contrast to previous findings in adolescents, our data provided little evidence of any relationship between current or previous psychosocial stress or depression and endothelial function in 16-year-old boys and girls. However, our data need to be interpreted alongside the potential limitations in the sensitivity associated with self-report methods for detecting psychological distress of children.
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Effort-Reward Imbalance at Work and Incident Coronary Heart Disease: A Multicohort Study of 90,164 Individuals. Epidemiology 2018; 28:619-626. [PMID: 28570388 PMCID: PMC5457838 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Epidemiologic evidence for work stress as a risk factor for coronary heart disease is mostly based on a single measure of stressful work known as job strain, a combination of high demands and low job control. We examined whether a complementary stress measure that assesses an imbalance between efforts spent at work and rewards received predicted coronary heart disease. Methods: This multicohort study (the “IPD-Work” consortium) was based on harmonized individual-level data from 11 European prospective cohort studies. Stressful work in 90,164 men and women without coronary heart disease at baseline was assessed by validated effort–reward imbalance and job strain questionnaires. We defined incident coronary heart disease as the first nonfatal myocardial infarction or coronary death. Study-specific estimates were pooled by random effects meta-analysis. Results: At baseline, 31.7% of study members reported effort–reward imbalance at work and 15.9% reported job strain. During a mean follow-up of 9.8 years, 1,078 coronary events were recorded. After adjustment for potential confounders, a hazard ratio of 1.16 (95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.35) was observed for effort–reward imbalance compared with no imbalance. The hazard ratio was 1.16 (1.01–1.34) for having either effort–reward imbalance or job strain and 1.41 (1.12–1.76) for having both these stressors compared to having neither effort–reward imbalance nor job strain. Conclusions: Individuals with effort–reward imbalance at work have an increased risk of coronary heart disease, and this appears to be independent of job strain experienced. These findings support expanding focus beyond just job strain in future research on work stress.
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Xiao L, Wang P, Fang Q, Zhao Q. Health-promoting Lifestyle in Patients after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Korean Circ J 2018; 48:507-515. [PMID: 29856145 PMCID: PMC5986750 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2017.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the status of health-promoting behaviors in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and explore what factors affect healthy lifestyle behaviors. METHODS A total of 120 patients with coronary artery disease after PCI was included in this study. The Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) II was used to assess health-promoting lifestyle behavior. Data analysis was performed by t-test, analysis of variance, and multiple linear stepwise regression analyses. RESULTS The average age of the participants was 60.10±9.84 (range, 37-81) years old. Among the participants, 86.7% were men and 13.3% were women. In all, 24.2% of the patients had an excellent level of health-promoting lifestyle and 74.2% had a moderate level of health-promoting lifestyle. The spiritual growth scores were the highest, while stress management and physical activity scores were the lowest. The level of health-promoting lifestyle was higher for people with higher income and a diagnosis of stable angina. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare providers should focus on promoting physical exercise and stress management for patients after PCI. It is also necessary to keep an eye out for patients with low income and severe illness to encourage a health-promoting lifestyle in these subsets of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xiao
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Fang
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua Zhao
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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30
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Altino DM, Nogueira-Martins LA, de Barros ALBL, Lopes JDL. Predictive Factors of Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2017; 31:549-552. [PMID: 29179819 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the predictive factors of anxiety and depression in patients with acute coronary syndrome. METHODS Cross-sectional and retrospective study conducted with 120 patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome. Factors interfering with anxiety and depression were assessed. RESULTS Anxiety was related to sex, stress, years of education, and depression, while depression was related to sex, diabetes mellitus, obesity, years of education, and trait-anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Obesity and anxiety were considered predictive factors for depression, while depression and fewer years of education were considered predictive factors for anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Meira Altino
- Paulista School of Nursing, Federal University of São Paulo, 754, Napoleão de Barros Street. Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04024-002, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Antônio Nogueira-Martins
- Paulista School of Nursing, Federal University of São Paulo, 754, Napoleão de Barros Street. Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04024-002, Brazil.
| | - Alba Lucia Bottura Leite de Barros
- Paulista School of Nursing, Federal University of São Paulo, 754, Napoleão de Barros Street. Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04024-002, Brazil.
| | - Juliana de Lima Lopes
- Paulista School of Nursing, Federal University of São Paulo, 754, Napoleão de Barros Street. Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04024-002, Brazil.
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31
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Ghiasmand M, Moghadamnia MT, Pourshaikhian M, Kazemnejad Lili E. Acute triggers of myocardial infarction: A case-crossover study. Egypt Heart J 2017; 69:223-228. [PMID: 29622981 PMCID: PMC5883494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehj.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the most preventable non-communicable diseases in human. Identifying triggers of myocardial infarction (MI) and prevention ways of exposure-induced complications can reduce morbidity and mortality in people at risk. AIM The aim of this study was to identify the emotional, environmental, physical and chemical dimensions of acute triggers in patients with AMI. METHODS This case-crossover study was conducted on 269 patients with AMI, hospitalized at two remedial centers in Rasht in 2015. The study samples were selected by convenient sampling method. Data were collected using researcher-made questionnaire through interviews. Hazard and control periods for each trigger and its effects on the development of MI were studied. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical methods, Cochran test, and generalized estimating equation (GEE) model with logistics function default in SPSS version 21, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The results showed that quarrel (P = 0.008, OR = 2.01) and hearing the sudden news (P = 0.001, OR = 2.19) were the most common emotional triggers. Respiratory infections (P = 0.0001, OR = 6.78) and exposure to hot or cold weather (P = 0.005, OR = 2.19) were the most frequent environmental triggers. Doing heavy activities (P = 0.005, OR = 1.66) and sexual activities (P = 0.003, OR = 2.36) were among the most common physical triggers. High-fat foods consumption and overeating (P = 0.0001, OR = 3.79) were the most frequent chemical triggers of AMI. CONCLUSION It seems that given the importance of the triggers in the incidence of AMI, planning is necessary to train vulnerable individuals to reduce exposure to triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghiasmand
- Guilan Social Security Organization, Rasool-e-Akram Hospital, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Moghadamnia
- Department of Disaster Public Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nursing (Medical-Surgical), Instructor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center (SDHRC), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Majid Pourshaikhian
- Department of Operating Room & Anesthesia, Paramedical School, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Meneton P, Lemogne C, Herquelot E, Bonenfant S, Czernichow S, Ménard J, Goldberg M, Zins M. Primary Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Predicted by Poor Working Conditions in the GAZEL Cohort. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 186:815-823. [PMID: 28525584 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which work environment might influence cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk are still a matter of debate. In particular, the involvement of the main behavioral and clinical risk factors and their relationships with working conditions are not always clear, despite an abundant body of literature. Most studies have investigated the impact of a limited number of characteristics of the work environment on the occurrence of 1 or a few risk factors. In contrast, in this study we used a global approach in which 30 objective and subjective indicators of working conditions were tested as predictors of 9 modifiable CVD risk factors in a well-characterized cohort of 20,625 middle-aged French workers who were followed from the 1990s until they retired or until December 31, 2013. The incidence of 3 CVD risk factors (obesity, sleep complaints, and depression) was predicted by a large number of indicators of working conditions in both age- and sex-adjusted and multivariate-adjusted Cox regression models, whatever the significance threshold retained. These results suggest the existence of close relationships between a poor work environment and a higher risk of developing obesity, sleep complaints, or depression. These risk factors may contribute to increased CVD risk not only when workers are exposed to poor working conditions but also after retirement, as predictors of the appearance of other risk factors.
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An overview of systematic reviews on the public health consequences of social isolation and loneliness. Public Health 2017; 152:157-171. [PMID: 28915435 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 989] [Impact Index Per Article: 141.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Social isolation and loneliness have been associated with ill health and are common in the developed world. A clear understanding of their implications for morbidity and mortality is needed to gauge the extent of the associated public health challenge and the potential benefit of intervention. STUDY DESIGN A systematic review of systematic reviews (systematic overview) was undertaken to determine the wider consequences of social isolation and loneliness, identify any differences between the two, determine differences from findings of non-systematic reviews and to clarify the direction of causality. METHODS Eight databases were searched from 1950 to 2016 for English language reviews covering social isolation and loneliness but not solely social support. Suitability for inclusion was determined by two or more reviewers, the methodological quality of included systematic reviews assessed using the a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews (AMSTAR) checklist and the quality of evidence within these reviews using the grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluations (GRADE) approach. Non-systematic reviews were sought for a comparison of findings but not included in the primary narrative synthesis. RESULTS Forty systematic reviews of mainly observational studies were identified, largely from the developed world. Meta-analyses have identified a significant association between social isolation and loneliness with increased all-cause mortality and social isolation with cardiovascular disease. Narrative systematic reviews suggest associations with poorer mental health outcomes, with less strong evidence for behavioural and other physical health outcomes. No reviews were identified for wider socio-economic or developmental outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This systematic overview highlights that there is consistent evidence linking social isolation and loneliness to worse cardiovascular and mental health outcomes. The role of social isolation and loneliness in other conditions and their socio-economic consequences is less clear. More research is needed on associations with cancer, health behaviours, and the impact across the life course and wider socio-economic consequences. Policy makers and health and local government commissioners should consider social isolation and loneliness as important upstream factors impacting on morbidity and mortality due to their effects on cardiovascular and mental health. Prevention strategies should therefore be developed across the public and voluntary sectors, using an asset-based approach.
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Exposure to Work and Nonwork Stressors and the Development of Heart Disease Among Canadian Workers Aged 40 Years and Older: A 16-year Follow-up Study (1994 to 2010). J Occup Environ Med 2017; 59:894-902. [PMID: 28692607 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of work, nonwork, and individual factors to self-reported heart disease, and to evaluate gender-related differences over a period of 16 years among Canadian workers aged 40 years and more. METHODS Using the National Population Health Survey (NPHS, 1994 to 2010), we estimated multilevel logistic regression models (N = 2996). RESULTS Couple-related strains, being a man, age, hypertension, and body mass index, are associated with an increased risk of heart disease. In analysis stratified by gender, physical demands at work and having high child-related strains were associated with heart disease specifically among women. Psychotropic drug use increased the risk of heart disease only in men. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that work stressors measured by Statistics Canada NPHS are largely not associated with the risk of heart disease, except in women exposed to physical demands at work.
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Stewart RAH, Colquhoun DM, Marschner SL, Kirby AC, Simes J, Nestel PJ, Glozier N, O'Neil A, Oldenburg B, White HD, Tonkin AM. Persistent psychological distress and mortality in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Heart 2017; 103:1860-1866. [PMID: 28652315 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2016-311097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A single assessment of psychological distress, which includes depression and anxiety, has been associated with increased mortality in patients with coronary heart disease, but the prognostic importance of persistence of distress symptoms is less certain. AIM To determine whether intermittent and/or persistent psychological distress is associated with long-term cardiovascular (CV) and total mortality in patients with stable coronary artery disease. METHODS 950 participants in the Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) trial completed at least four General Health Questionnaires (GHQ-30) at baseline and after ½, 1, 2 and 4 years. In a landmark analysis from 4 years, Cox proportional hazards models evaluated the risk of CV and total mortality by increasing levels of psychological distress: never distressed, sometimes any severity (GHQ score >5), persistent mild (GHQ score >5 on three or more occasions) and persistent moderate distress (GHQ score >10) on three or more occasions, over a median of 12.1 (IQR 8.6-12.5) years. The models were both unadjusted and adjusted for known baseline risk factors. RESULTS Persistent moderate or greater psychological stress was reported on three or more assessments by 35 (3.7%) subjects. These patients had a higher risk of both CV death (adjusted HR 3.94, 95% CI 2.05 to 7.56, p<0.001) and all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 2.85, 95% CI 1.74 to 4.66, p<0.001) compared with patients with no distress. In contrast, patients who reported persistent mild distress (n=73, 7.7%) on three or more visits, and those who met criteria for distress on only one or two assessments (n=255, 26.8%), did not have an increased risk of CV or all-cause mortality during follow-up. CONCLUSION In patients with stable coronary artery disease, persistent psychological distress of at least moderate severity is associated with a substantial increase in CV and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph A H Stewart
- Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Auckland City Hospital, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David M Colquhoun
- Cardiology Department, Greenslopes Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simone L Marschner
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adrienne C Kirby
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Simes
- National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul J Nestel
- Division of Human Nutrition, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nick Glozier
- Department of Psychiatry, Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian Oldenburg
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harvey D White
- Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Auckland City Hospital, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew M Tonkin
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Seon JJ, Lim YJ, Lee HW, Yoon JM, Kim SJ, Choi S, Kawachi I, Park SM. Cardiovascular health status between standard and nonstandard workers in Korea. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178395. [PMID: 28570650 PMCID: PMC5453516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effect of employment insecurity on employee health is an important public health issue due to the recent effects of neoliberalism and the global financial crisis (2007-2008) on labor markets. This study aims to evaluate the differences in cardiovascular health status and the use of preventive screening services between standard and nonstandard workers. METHODS Waged employees (N = 5,338) between the ages of 20 and 64 were grouped into standard (full-time, permanent) and nonstandard (part-time, temporary, or daily) employees. Data from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2009, a nationwide representative survey, were examined, including cardiovascular health risk behaviors (tobacco, alcohol, physical inactivity), measured morbidities (blood pressure, blood glucose level, lipid profiles, body mass index), and the use of screening services for hypertension and diabetes mellitus. RESULTS Female nonstandard employees tended to have higher blood pressure than did female standard employees (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 1.42, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.02 to 1.98). However, nonstandard employees (both men and women) were less likely to use preventive screening services for hypertension (aOR 0.72, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.94 in men; aOR 0.56, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.73 in women) and diabetes (aOR 0.58, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.79 in men; aOR 0.55, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.71 in women). CONCLUSION Nonstandard work is associated with the underuse of screening services and poorer cardiovascular health in a specific population. Policies to reduce employment insecurity and encourage nonstandard employees to receive health screening services should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Ju Seon
- Department of Family Medicine & Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Yu Jin Lim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae Won Lee
- Department of Family Medicine & Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Moon Yoon
- Department of Family Medicine & Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Seulggie Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, 103 Daehakro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Sang Min Park
- Department of Family Medicine & Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Global and Population Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
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Favero G, Franceschetti L, Buffoli B, Moghadasian MH, Reiter RJ, Rodella LF, Rezzani R. Melatonin: Protection against age-related cardiac pathology. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:336-349. [PMID: 27884595 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex and progressive process that involves physiological and metabolic deterioration in every organ and system. Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity among elderly subjects worldwide. Most age-related cardiovascular disorders can be influenced by modifiable behaviours such as a healthy diet rich in fruit and vegetables, avoidance of smoking, increased physical activity and reduced stress. The role of diet in prevention of various disorders is a well-established factor, which has an even more important role in the geriatric population. Melatonin, an indoleamine with multiple actions including antioxidant properties, has been identified in a very large number of plant species, including edible plant products and medical herbs. Among products where melatonin has been identified include wine, olive oil, tomato, beer, and others. Interestingly, consumed melatonin in plant foods or melatonin supplementation may promote health benefits by virtue of its multiple properties and it may counteract pathological conditions also related to cardiovascular disorders, carcinogenesis, neurological diseases and aging. In the present review, we summarized melatonin effects against age-related cardiac alterations and abnormalities with a special focus on heart ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury and myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Favero
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Franceschetti
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Buffoli
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Mohammed H Moghadasian
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba and the Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Luigi F Rodella
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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Validity of the European Society of Cardiology's Psychosocial Screening Interview in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease-The THORESCI Study. Psychosom Med 2017; 79:404-415. [PMID: 27922567 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to examine the validity of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) psychosocial screening instrument. METHODS A total of 508 acute (67%) or elective (33%) percutaneous coronary intervention patients (mean [standard deviation]age = 63 [10] years, 81% male) completed the ESC screening interview and established questionnaires for psychosocial risk markers, that is, depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire 7), type D personality (Type D Scale 14), hostility (Cook-Medley Hostility Scale 7), and marital/work stress (Maudsley Marital Quality Questionnaire 6, Effort-Reward Imbalance Scale) during or close after hospital admission. At 1-year follow-up, angina and cardiopulmonary symptoms were assessed. RESULTS Prevalence estimates of psychosocial factors based on the ESC screener were as follows: depression (18%), anxiety (33%), negative affectivity (11%), social inhibition (41%), work stress (17%), marital stress (2%), and hostility (38%). Analysis of correspondence with validated questionnaires revealed fair to moderate agreement (depression [κ = .39], anxiety [κ = .23], type D personality [κ = .21]), regardless of percutaneous coronary intervention indication. For work and marital stress, there was poor to fair performance (κ range = .04-.24); agreement for hostility was poor (κ = -.27). A positive ESC screen for depression, anxious tension, and type D personality was associated with more angina and cardiopulmonary symptoms at follow-up (odds ratios ranging between 1.85 (95% confidence interval = 0.84-4.08) and 8.01 (95% confidence interval = 2.35-27.35). CONCLUSIONS The ESC screener contributes to the search for a multidimensional and easy-to-use psychosocial screening instrument for cardiac patients. Although the screener, in its current form, may not be sufficiently valid to reliably detect all predefined psychosocial factors, screening scores for depression and anxiety might be useful in clinical practice. Our findings can be used for further refinement and validation of the screener.
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Muratsubaki T, Hattori T, Li J, Fukudo S, Munakata M. Relationship between Job Stress and Hypo-high-density Lipoproteinemia of Chinese Workers in Shanghai: The Rosai Karoshi Study. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:2409-2415. [PMID: 27748331 PMCID: PMC5072251 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.191750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Karoshi, or death due to overwork, has now become a serious social problem in China. Worsening of cardiovascular risks by stress might initiate karoshi. Many studies have examined the relationship between job stress and obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, but less evidence exists for dyslipidemia like hypo-high-density lipoproteinemia (hypo-HDL). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between job stress and hypo-HDL of Chinese workers in Shanghai. METHODS We studied 2219 Chinese workers in Shanghai, who participated in the Japan-China cooperative study for the prevention of karoshi. A questionnaire was administered to examine the lifestyle characteristics, job category, weekly working hours, and job stress. Job demand and job control were quantified using the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health questionnaire. Modified job strain measure was defined by the combination of low job control and high demand. Hypo-HDL was defined as plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration of <1.04 mmol/L (40 mg/dl). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for hypo-HDL as a dependent variable. RESULTS Modified job strain was not related to hypo-HDL either in men or women. In men, multivariate adjusted odds ratio (OR) for having hypo-HDL was significantly higher in the lowest job control tertile compared with the highest job control tertile (OR = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.87, P = 0.034). In the same model, a similar trend was observed for women, but it did not reach a statistically significant level (OR = 1.51, 95% CI, 0.88-2.56, P = 0.132). CONCLUSION A low level of job control but not modified job strain was significantly related to higher prevalence of hypo-HDL of Chinese workers in Shanghai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Muratsubaki
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomomi Hattori
- Research Centre for Lifestyle-Related Disease, Tohoku Rosai Hospital, Sendai 981-8563, Japan
| | - Jue Li
- Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Research Centre, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, Japan
| | - Shin Fukudo
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masanori Munakata
- Research Centre for Lifestyle-Related Disease, Tohoku Rosai Hospital, Sendai 981-8563; Division of Hypertension, Tohoku Rosai Hospital, Sendai 981-8563, Japan
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Abstract
Although anesthesia-associated mortality has been significantly reduced down to 0.00068-0.00082% over the last decades, recent studies have revealed a high perioperative mortality of 0.8- 4%. Apart from anesthesia and surgery-induced major complications, perioperative mortality is primarily negatively influenced by individual patient comorbidities. These risk factors predispose for acute critical incidents (e.g., myocardial infarction); however, the majority of fatal complications are a result of slowly progressing conditions, particularly infections or the sequelae of systemic inflammation. This implicates a broad window of opportunity for the detection and treatment of slow-onset complications to improve the perioperative outcome. The term "failure to rescue" (FTR), i.e., the proportion of patients who die from major complications compared to the number of all patients with complications, has been introduced as a valid indicator for the quality of perioperative care. Growing evidence has already shown that FTR is an underestimated factor in perioperative medicine accounting for or at least being involved in the development of postoperative mortality. While the incidence of severe postoperative complications amazingly does not show much variation between hospitals, FTR shows significant differences implying a major potential for improvement. With 14 million surgical procedures per year in Germany, a postoperative mortality of approximately 1% and an avoidable FTR rate of 40% mean that there are an estimated 60,000 preventable deaths per year. Hence, in the future it will be imperative to (1) identify patients at risk, (2) to prevent the development of postoperative complications with the use of adequate adjunctive therapeutic strategies, (3) to establish surveillance and monitoring systems for the early detection of postoperative complications and (4) to treat postoperative complications efficiently and in time when they arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Boehm
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - M K A Pfeiffer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - G Baumgarten
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - A Hoeft
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Deutschland.
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Kure CE, Chan YK, Ski CF, Thompson DR, Carrington MJ, Stewart S. Gender-specific secondary prevention? Differential psychosocial risk factors for major cardiovascular events. Open Heart 2016; 3:e000356. [PMID: 27099759 PMCID: PMC4836286 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2015-000356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the psychosocial determinants and interhospital variability on a major acute cardiovascular event (MACE), during follow-up of a multicenter cohort of patients hospitalised with heart disease, participating in a nurse-led secondary prevention programme. Methods Outcome data were retrospectively analysed from 602 cardiac inpatients randomised to postdischarge standard care (n=296), or home-based intervention (n=306), with prolonged follow-up of individualised multidisciplinary support. Baseline psychosocial profiling comprised depressive status, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), social isolation and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Multivariate analyses examined the independent correlates of a composite 2-year MACE rate of all-cause mortality and unplanned cardiovascular-related hospitalisation, according to gender. Results Participants were aged 70±10 years, 431 (72%) were men and 377 (63%) had coronary artery disease. During 2-year follow-up, 165 (27%) participants (114 men, 51 women; p=0.431) experienced a MACE. Independent correlates of a MACE in men were depressive status (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.58; p=0.032), low physical HRQoL (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.00; p=0.027) and increasing comorbidity (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.25; p=0.004). In women, age (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.12; p=0.008), MCI (OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.09 to 5.18; p=0.029) and hospital site predicted a MACE (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.09 to 4.93; p=0.029). Conclusions Psychological determinants, cognitive impairment and responses to secondary prevention are different for men and women with heart disease and appear to modulate cardiovascular-specific outcomes. Early detection of psychosocial factors through routine screening and gender-specific secondary prevention is encouraged. Trial registration number 12608000014358.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E Kure
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Yih-Kai Chan
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Centre of Research Excellence to Reduce Inequality in Heart Disease, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chantal F Ski
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - David R Thompson
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Centre of Research Excellence to Reduce Inequality in Heart Disease, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melinda J Carrington
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Centre of Research Excellence to Reduce Inequality in Heart Disease, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon Stewart
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Centre of Research Excellence to Reduce Inequality in Heart Disease, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Harris EC, Palmer KT, Cox V, Darnton A, Osman J, Coggon D. Trends in mortality from occupational hazards among men in England and Wales during 1979-2010. Occup Environ Med 2016; 73:385-93. [PMID: 26976946 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2015-103336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To monitor the impact of health and safety provisions and inform future preventive strategies, we investigated trends in mortality from established occupational hazards in England and Wales. METHODS We analysed data from death certificates on underlying cause of death and last full-time occupation for 3 688 916 deaths among men aged 20-74 years in England and Wales during 1979-2010 (excluding 1981 when records were incomplete). Proportional mortality ratios (PMRs), standardised for age and social class, were calculated for occupations at risk of specified hazards. Observed and expected numbers of deaths for each hazard were summed across occupations, and the differences summarised as average annual excesses. RESULTS Excess mortality declined substantially for most hazards. For example, the annual excess of deaths from chronic bronchitis and emphysema fell from 170.7 during 1979-1990 to 36.0 in 2001-2010, and that for deaths from injury and poisoning from 237.0 to 87.5. In many cases, the improvements were associated with falling PMRs (suggesting safer working practices), but they also reflected reductions in the numbers of men employed in more hazardous jobs, and declining mortality from some diseases across the whole population. Notable exceptions to the general improvement were diseases caused by asbestos, especially in some construction trades and sinonasal cancer in woodworkers. CONCLUSIONS The highest priority for future prevention of work-related fatalities is the minority of occupational disorders for which excess mortality remains static or is increasing, in particular asbestos-related disease among certain occupations in the construction industry and sinonasal cancer in woodworkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Clare Harris
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Keith T Palmer
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Vanessa Cox
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Andrew Darnton
- Statistics and Epidemiology Unit, Science Directorate, Health and Safety Executive, UK
| | - John Osman
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Coggon
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Psychobiological Pathways from Work Stress to Reduced Health: Naturalistic and Experimental Studies on the ERI Model. ALIGNING PERSPECTIVES ON HEALTH, SAFETY AND WELL-BEING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32937-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Yang Y, Bi M, Xiao L, Chen Q, Chen W, Li W, Wu Y, Hu Y, Huang Y. Perceived stress status and sympathetic nervous system activation in young male patients with coronary artery disease in China. Eur J Intern Med 2015; 26:726-30. [PMID: 26297335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Young Chinese male adults have faced increasing psychological stress. Whether this is associated with the increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in young Chinese males remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation and underlying mechanisms of perceived stress and CAD in young male patients. METHODS A total of 178 male patients diagnosed as young CAD (aged ≤ 55 years) by coronary angiography (CAG) were enrolled, and 181 age-matched non-CAD individuals were set as control group. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors and levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine were measured, and perceived stress status was accessed by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). RESULTS The PSS score was correlated with levels of epinephrine (r=0.45), norepinephrine (r=0.41), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (r=0.38, p<0.01), and current smoking (r=0.32) (all p<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking (OR, 3.12; 95%CI, 1.23-7.91), triglycerides (OR, 1.42; 95%CI, 1.04-1.94), hs-CRP (OR, 3.57; 95%CI, 1.65-7.72), and PSS score (OR, 1.81; 95%CI, 1.23-2.66) were independently correlated with CAD in young patients. The association between PSS score and risk of CAD become insignificant (OR, 1.43; 95%CI, 0.96-2.13) when further adjusted for the levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine. CONCLUSIONS After adjustment for multiple cardiovascular risk factors, high perceived stress was an independent risk factor for CAD in young Chinese male patients. Abnormal activation of the sympathetic nervous system may play an important role linking perceived stress with the risk of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan, China
| | - Minghui Bi
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Cardiology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital at Xiamen, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Internal medicine, The First People's Hospital of Shunde Affiliated Xingtan Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Qiaopin Chen
- Department of Psychology, The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan, China
| | - Wenron Chen
- Department of Internal medicine, The First People's Hospital of Shunde Affiliated Xingtan Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Wensheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan, China
| | - Yanxian Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan, China
| | - Yunzhao Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan, China.
| | - Yuli Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan, China.
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Hoyos C, Glozier N, Marshall NS. Recent Evidence on Worldwide Trends on Sleep Duration. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40675-015-0024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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46
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Tully PJ, Turnbull DA, Beltrame J, Horowitz J, Cosh S, Baumeister H, Wittert GA. Panic disorder and incident coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-regression in 1131612 persons and 58111 cardiac events. Psychol Med 2015; 45:2909-2920. [PMID: 26027689 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial healthcare resources are devoted to panic disorder (PD) and coronary heart disease (CHD); however, the association between these conditions remains controversial. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review of studies assessing the association between PD, related syndromes, and incident CHD. METHOD Relevant studies were retrieved from Medline, EMBASE, SCOPUS and PsycINFO without restrictions from inception to January 2015 supplemented with hand-searching. We included studies that reported hazard ratios (HR) or sufficient data to calculate the risk ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) which were pooled using a random-effects model. Studies utilizing self-reported CHD were ineligible. Twelve studies were included comprising 1 131 612 persons and 58 111 incident CHD cases. RESULTS PD was associated with the primary incident CHD endpoint [adjusted HR (aHR) 1.47, 95% CI 1.24-1.74, p < 0.00001] even after excluding angina (aHR 1.49, 95% CI 1.22-1.81, p < 0.00001). High to moderate quality evidence suggested an association with incident major adverse cardiac events (MACE; aHR 1.40, 95% CI 1.16-1.69, p = 0.0004) and myocardial infarction (aHR 1.36, 95% CI 1.12-1.66, p = 0.002). The risk for CHD was significant after excluding depression (aHR 1.64, 95% CI 1.45-1.85) and after depression adjustment (aHR 1.38, 95% CI 1.03-1.87). Age, sex, length of follow-up, socioeconomic status and diabetes were sources of heterogeneity in the primary endpoint. CONCLUSIONS Meta-analysis showed that PD was independently associated with incident CHD, myocardial infarction and MACE; however, reverse causality cannot be ruled out and there was evidence of heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Tully
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health,Discipline of Medicine,School of Medicine,The University of Adelaide,Australia
| | - D A Turnbull
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health,Discipline of Medicine,School of Medicine,The University of Adelaide,Australia
| | - J Beltrame
- School of Medicine,Discipline of Medicine,The University of Adelaide,Australia
| | - J Horowitz
- School of Medicine,Discipline of Medicine,The University of Adelaide,Australia
| | - S Cosh
- Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II,University of Ulm,Gunzburg,Germany
| | - H Baumeister
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Psychotherapy,Institute of Psychology,University of Freiburg,Germany
| | - G A Wittert
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health,Discipline of Medicine,School of Medicine,The University of Adelaide,Australia
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Hua XP, Zhang XD, Kwong JS, Zeng XT, Zhang ZJ, Wei WL. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha G-238A polymorphism and coronary artery disease risk: a meta-analysis of 4,222 patients and 4,832 controls. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2015; 11:1429-36. [PMID: 26445542 PMCID: PMC4590639 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s87598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene G-238A polymorphism and risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) using a meta-analytical approach. METHODS The PubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant publications up to January 13, 2015. Four authors (XPH, XDZ, XTZ, and ZJZ) independently selected the studies, extracted, and analyzed the data using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. The sensitivity and subgroups analyses were also performed. Either a fixed effects or a random effects model was used to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Finally, ten articles including eleven case-control studies involving 4,222 patients and 4,832 controls were yielded. The results indicated no significant association between G-238A polymorphism and CAD risk (A vs G: OR =1.08, 95% CI =0.89-1.30; AA vs GG: OR =1.15, 95% CI =0.59-2.25; GA vs GG: OR =1.14, 95% CI =0.88-1.48; AA vs [GG + GA]: OR =1.09, 95% CI =0.56-2.14; (GA + AA) vs GG: OR =1.11, 95% CI =0.90-1.38). In the subgroup analyses, similar results were obtained with overall populations. The sensitivity analyses showed that the overall results were robust. No publication bias was detected. CONCLUSION Based on current evidence, we can conclude that TNF-α G-238A polymorphism might not be associated with CAD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Ping Hua
- Department of Cardiology, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and 4th Cadres Ward, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Joey Sw Kwong
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center and Chinese Cochrane Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Tao Zeng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Jian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Lin Wei
- Department of Cardiology and 4th Cadres Ward, General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Mihailidou AS, Buckley T, Bune AJC, Tofler G. Impact of grief delivered via media technology. Med J Aust 2015; 203:198-8e.1. [DOI: 10.5694/mja15.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia S Mihailidou
- Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW
- Kolling Institute, Sydney, NSW
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
| | | | - Alexandra JC Bune
- Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
| | - Geoffrey Tofler
- Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
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Vollmer-Conna U, Cvejic E, Granville Smith I, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Parker G. Characterising acute coronary syndrome-associated depression: Let the data speak. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 48:19-28. [PMID: 25770081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression in the context of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is understood to confer increased morbidity and mortality risk. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood, although several candidates including inflammation, cardiac autonomic dysregulation, and behavioural factors are viewed as of key importance. No single bio-behavioural explanatory model of ACS-associated depression has emerged, likely due the substantial heterogeneity across both conditions. We studied 344 patients with ACS; 45 fulfilled diagnostic (DSM-IV) criteria for a major depressive episode occurring within 1-month of ACS, and 13 had ongoing major depression that pre-dated ACS and continued through to 1 month post-ACS. We employed two statistical methods (multinomial logistic regression; and latent class analysis) and a range of immunological, autonomic and nutritional markers in an attempt to characterise a biological basis for ACS-associated depression. Regression modelling failed to accurately predict categorical group membership of ACS-associated depression. An alternative data-driven approach produced a three-class solution, with the derived classes differing on measure of C-reactive protein, vitamin D, omega-6:omega-3 ratio, heart rate variability, and age (all p⩽0.004). The majority of participants with ACS-associated and ongoing depression were members of the class characterised by the greatest biological disturbance. Patients with depression differed from those without depression on a range of psychological trait and state variables; additionally reporting poorer sleep quality, higher levels of social isolation, and functional impairment, but had similar biological profiles. Patients with ongoing depression generally had higher scores on these psychological/behavioural measures. Our novel analytic approach identified a combination of biomarkers suggestive of a role for immune, autonomic, and nutritional pathways in the manifestation of depression during ACS, in the context of additional psychosocial and behavioural vulnerabilities. Further studies are required to confirm the causal role of these factors in perpetuating depression and increasing risk of poor-health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin Cvejic
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Gordon Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia
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50
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Nistor K, Nistor A, Ádám S, Szabó A, Konkolÿ Thege B, Stauder A. [The relationship of work-related psychosocial risk factors with depressive symptoms among Hungarian workers: preliminary results of the Hungarian Work Stress Survey]. Orv Hetil 2015; 156:439-48. [PMID: 25749538 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2015.30103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research has shown that psychosocial stress acts as a risk factor for mental disorders. AIM The present study aims at processing the preliminary results of the Hungarian Survey of Work Stress, concerning the relationship between depressive symptoms and work stress. METHODS Cross-sectional survey among Hungarian workers was carried out (n = 1058, 27.5% man, 72.5% woman, age 37.2 years, SD = 11 years). Psychosocial factors were measured using the COPSOQ II questionnaire, while BDI-9 was used for the assessment of depressive symptoms. Statistical analysis was carried out applying Spearman's correlation and logistic regression. RESULTS A quarter of the workers reported moderate or severe symptoms of depression (BDI≥19). The study confirmed the association between depressive symptoms and work-family conflict (OR = 2.21, CI: 1.82-2.68), possibilities for development (OR = 0.76, CI: 0.59-0.97) meaning of work (OR = 0.69, CI: 0.59-0.89) and commitment (OR = 0.60, CI: 0.47-0.78). CONCLUSION The results point toward the need of such organizational measures that allow for the reduction of psychosocial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Nistor
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Magatartástudományi Intézet Budapest Nagyvárad tér 4., XX. emelet 1089
| | - Anikó Nistor
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Magatartástudományi Intézet Budapest Nagyvárad tér 4., XX. emelet 1089
| | - Szilvia Ádám
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Magatartástudományi Intézet Budapest Nagyvárad tér 4., XX. emelet 1089
| | | | - Barna Konkolÿ Thege
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Magatartástudományi Intézet Budapest Nagyvárad tér 4., XX. emelet 1089 University of Calgary Department of Psychology Calgary Kanada
| | - Adrienne Stauder
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Magatartástudományi Intézet Budapest Nagyvárad tér 4., XX. emelet 1089
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