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Haj Hasan A, Preet G, Astakala RV, Al-Adilah H, Oluwabusola ET, Ebel R, Jaspars M. Antibacterial activity of natural flavones against bovine mastitis pathogens: in vitro, SAR analysis, and computational study. In Silico Pharmacol 2024; 12:78. [PMID: 39184231 PMCID: PMC11344746 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-024-00253-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is a worldwide disease affecting dairy cattle and causes major economic losses in the dairy industry. Recently, the emergence of microbial resistance to the current antibiotics complicates the treatment protocol which necessitates antibiotic stewardship and further research to find new active compounds. Recently, phytobiotics have gained interest in being used as an alternative to antibiotics in the poultry industry as an antibiotic stewardship intervention. This study evaluated the in vitro antibacterial activity of 16 flavonoids against bovine mastitis pathogens. Two flavones: 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one (1) and 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one (4) showed inhibition of the growth of Klebsiella oxytoca with MIC values range (25-50 µg mL- 1) followed by a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study indicating that the presence of a hydroxyl group at C-3` or methoxy at C-4` increases the activity against Klebsiella oxytoca while the presence of hydroxyl group at C-7 decreases the activity. Furthermore, a structure-based drug development approach was applied using several in silico tools to understand the interactions of active flavones at the active site of the DNA gyrase protein. Compound (4) showed a higher docking score than quercetin (standard) which is known to have antibacterial activity by inhibiting the DNA gyrase. In addition, the structure-based pharmacophores of compound (4) and quercetin showed similar pharmacophoric features and interactions with DNA gyrase. Based on our findings, compounds (1) and (4) are promising for further study as potential anti-microbial phytochemicals that can have a role in controlling bovine mastitis as well as to investigate their mechanism of action further. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-024-00253-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam Haj Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, Marine Biodiscovery Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE UK
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110 Jordan
| | - Gagan Preet
- Department of Chemistry, Marine Biodiscovery Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE UK
| | | | - Hanan Al-Adilah
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat, 13109 Kuwait
| | | | - Rainer Ebel
- Department of Chemistry, Marine Biodiscovery Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE UK
| | - Marcel Jaspars
- Department of Chemistry, Marine Biodiscovery Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE UK
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Popov IV, Belkassem N, Schrijver R, Chebotareva IP, Chikindas ML, Ermakov AM, Venema K. Modulation of Poultry Cecal Microbiota by a Phytogenic Blend and High Concentrations of Casein in a Validated In Vitro Cecal Chicken Alimentary Tract Model. Vet Sci 2024; 11:377. [PMID: 39195831 PMCID: PMC11358970 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11080377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytogenic blends (PBs) consist of various bioactive plant-derived compounds that are used as growth promoters for farm animals. Feed additives based on PBs have beneficial effects on farm animals' production performance, health, and overall well-being, as well as positive modulating effects on gut microbiota. In this study, we used a validated in vitro cecal chicken alimentary tract model (CALIMERO-2) to evaluate the effects of a PB (a mix of components found in rosemary, cinnamon, curcuma, oregano oil, and red pepper), alone or in combination with casein (control), on poultry cecal microbiota. Supplementation with the PB significantly increased the abundance of bacteria associated with energy metabolism (Monoglobus) and growth performance in poultry (Lachnospiraceae UCG-010). The PB also decreased the abundance of opportunistic pathogens (Escherichia-Shigella) and, most importantly, did not promote other opportunistic pathogens, which indicates the safety of this blend for poultry. In conclusion, the results of this study show promising perspectives on using PBs as feed additives for poultry, although further in vivo studies need to prove these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V. Popov
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University—Campus Venlo, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands; (N.B.); (K.V.)
- Faculty “Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine” and Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Nouhaila Belkassem
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University—Campus Venlo, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands; (N.B.); (K.V.)
| | - Ruud Schrijver
- Animal Health Concepts BV, 8141 GN Heino, The Netherlands
| | - Iuliia P. Chebotareva
- Faculty “Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine” and Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Michael L. Chikindas
- Faculty “Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine” and Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of General Hygiene, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey M. Ermakov
- Faculty “Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine” and Center for Agrobiotechnology, Don State Technical University, 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Koen Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University—Campus Venlo, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands; (N.B.); (K.V.)
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Ceylan N, Bortoluzzi C, Gunturkun O, Perez-Calvo E. Comparative effects of dietary muramidase and phytogenics on the growth performance and gastrointestinal functionality of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104147. [PMID: 39127005 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of dietary supplementation of muramidase (MUR) and 2 phytogenic additives on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, bacteria load, and production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) of broiler chickens raised under field-like conditions. A total of 6,400 day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly selected and distributed into 32 floor pens, with 200 chicks (100 males and 100 females)/pen. The treatment groups were an unsupplemented control, and the experimental groups supplemented with MUR at 35,000 LSU(F)/kg of feed, phytogenic 1 (Phyto 1, based on thymol) at 100g/ton feed, or phytogenic 2 (Phyto 2, based on alkaloids) at 60g/ton feed, for a total period of 41 d. A 4-phase feeding program was applied (starter, grower, finisher and withdrawal). The paramenters evaluated were: growth performance, carcass yield, concentration of muranic acid in the jejunum content and excreta, liver enzyme concentration, intestinal morphology, and bacteria enumeration and short and branch chain fatty acids (SCFA and BCFA) in the cecal content. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test was used to separate the means. Soluble muramic acid (MurN) in the jejunum increased with the supplementation of MUR and Phyto 2 when compared to the other groups (P = 0.0001), but only the supplementation of MUR increased the concentration of MurN in the excreta. The supplementation of all feed additives improved the body weight gain and the body weight corrected feed conversion ratio when compared to the control group (P = 0.0001). MUR increased villus heigh (VH) when compared to the control or the other supplemented groups (P = 0.0001), and led to the highest concentration of most SCFA, total BCFA, and total SCFA (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation of MUR and phytogenics to the diets of broiler chickens improved the growth performance, but MUR, only, was capable of effectively degrading peptidoglycans (PGNs) in both intestinal segments, as well as to increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria and SCFA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necmettin Ceylan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye.
| | | | - Oguz Gunturkun
- dsm-firmenich, Animal Nutrition and Health, İstanbul, Türkiye
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Lumsangkul C, Kaewtui P, Huanhong K, Tso KH. Antioxidative and Antimycotoxigenic Efficacies of Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl. for Addressing Aflatoxicosis in Cherry Valley Ducks. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:334. [PMID: 39195744 PMCID: PMC11360618 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16080334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and Thunbergia laurifolia extract (TLE) in the diets of Cherry Valley ducklings. Our investigation covered growth indicators, blood biochemical indices, meat quality, intestinal morphology, immune response, and CP450 enzyme-related gene expression. We conducted the study with 180 seven-day-old Cherry Valley ducks, randomly divided into five dietary treatments. These treatments included a basal diet without AFB1 (T1 group), TLE, or a commercial binder; the basal diet containing 0.1 mg AFB1/kg (T2 group), 0.1 mg AFB1/kg and 100 mg TLE/kg (T3 group), 0.1 mg AFB1/kg and 200 mg TLE/kg (T4 group), and 0.1 mg AFB1/kg and 0.5 g/kg of a commercial binder (T5 group), respectively. Ducklings fed with the T2 diet exhibited lower final body weight (BW), average body weight gain (ADG), and poor feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the 42-day trials. However, all ducklings in the T3, T4, and T5 groups showed significant improvements in final BW, ADG, and FCR compared to the T2 group. Increased alanine transaminase (ALT) concentration and increased expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 indicated hepatotoxicity in ducklings fed the T2 diet. In contrast, ducklings fed T3, T4, and T5 diets all showed a decrease in the expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2, but only the T4 treatment group showed improvement in ALT concentration. AFB1 toxicity considerably raised the crypt depth (CD) in both the duodenum and jejunum of the T2 group, while the administration of 200 mg TLE/kg (T4) or a commercial binder (T5) effectively reduced this toxicity. Additionally, the villus width of the jejunum in the T2 treatment group decreased significantly, while all T3, T4, and T5 groups showed improvement in this regard. In summary, T. laurifolia extract can detoxify aflatoxicosis, leading to growth reduction and hepatic toxicosis in Cherry Valley ducklings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chompunut Lumsangkul
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.K.); (K.H.)
- Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Phruedrada Kaewtui
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.K.); (K.H.)
| | - Kiattisak Huanhong
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.K.); (K.H.)
| | - Ko-Hua Tso
- Dr. Bata Ltd., Bajcsy-Zs. u. 139, H-2364 Ócsa, Hungary
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Manjunatha V, Nixon JE, Mathis GF, Lumpkins BS, Güzel-Seydim ZB, Seydim AC, Greene AK, Jiang X. Combined Effect of Nigella sativa and Kefir on the Live Performance and Health of Broiler Chickens Affected by Necrotic Enteritis. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2074. [PMID: 39061536 PMCID: PMC11273500 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis (NE) are prevalent poultry ailments worldwide, leading to decreased live performance and elevated mortality rates without antibiotic usage. This study evaluated Nigella sativa (black cumin) seeds (BCS) and kefir as alternatives to antibiotics for broilers. An in vivo study over a 28-day period, using 384 Cobb 500 male broilers organized into six treatment groups as part of a completely randomized block experimental design was conducted. Each treatment group included eight replicates, with each replicate containing eight birds. The treatments included positive control, negative control, antibiotic control, 5% BCS in feed, 20% kefir in drinking water, and a combination of 5% BCS and 20% kefir. NE was induced in broilers by administering ~5000 oocysts of Eimeria maxima orally on day 14, followed by inoculation with about 108 CFU/mL of Clostridium perfringens (Cp) (strain Cp#4) on days 19, 20, and 21. Live performance metrics including feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion were assessed in broilers. Additionally, NE disease outcomes such as lesion scores, mortality rates, and Cp populations in cecum were determined during the study. The BCS, kefir, and the combination had no detrimental effect on broiler live performance. BCS-treated and combination groups had lower NE scores (p > 0.05) in comparison to the positive control and exhibited no significant difference (p > 0.05) from antibiotic control. Additionally, treatment groups and antibiotic control were not significantly different (p > 0.05) in mortality, whereas the BCS and kefir combination significantly reduced (p < 0.05) mortality to 14.1% compared to 31.3% for the positive control. C. perfringens vegetative cells significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in treatments with BCS, kefir, and their combination on days 22 and 28 compared to the positive control. On day 22, Cp sores were significantly lower (p < 0.05) for the kefir and combination treatments compared to the positive control. In conclusion, BCS and kefir successfully reduced C. perfringens infection and mortality without any detrimental impact on broiler live performance with the combined treatment being the most effective. These results suggest that BCS and kefir could serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics in managing NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Manjunatha
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA;
| | - Julian E. Nixon
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA; (J.E.N.); (G.F.M.); (B.S.L.); or (Z.B.G.-S.); or (A.C.S.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Greg F. Mathis
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA; (J.E.N.); (G.F.M.); (B.S.L.); or (Z.B.G.-S.); or (A.C.S.); (A.K.G.)
- Southern Poultry Feed & Research, Inc., Athens, GA 30607, USA
| | - Brett S. Lumpkins
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA; (J.E.N.); (G.F.M.); (B.S.L.); or (Z.B.G.-S.); or (A.C.S.); (A.K.G.)
- Southern Poultry Feed & Research, Inc., Athens, GA 30607, USA
| | - Zeynep B. Güzel-Seydim
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA; (J.E.N.); (G.F.M.); (B.S.L.); or (Z.B.G.-S.); or (A.C.S.); (A.K.G.)
- Department of Food Engineering, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32260, Turkey
| | - Atif C. Seydim
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA; (J.E.N.); (G.F.M.); (B.S.L.); or (Z.B.G.-S.); or (A.C.S.); (A.K.G.)
- Department of Food Engineering, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32260, Turkey
| | - Annel K. Greene
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA; (J.E.N.); (G.F.M.); (B.S.L.); or (Z.B.G.-S.); or (A.C.S.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Xiuping Jiang
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA;
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de Macedo ARS, de Oliveira JFA, Sommerfeld S, Notário FO, Martins MM, Bastos LM, Bezerra BGP, Lisboa LDS, Rocha HAO, Araujo RM, Medeiros-Ronchi AA, Azevedo V, Fonseca BB. Unlocking the power of Libidibia ferrea extracts: antimicrobial, antioxidant, and protective properties for potential use in poultry production. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103668. [PMID: 38631232 PMCID: PMC11040116 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant extracts are increasingly recognized as potential prophylactic agents in poultry production due to their diverse bioactive properties. This study investigated the phytochemical and biological properties of Libidibia ferrea (L. ferrea), a plant species native to the Caatinga region of northeastern Brazil. The aim of this study was to identify secondary metabolites and to demonstrate the antimicrobial, antioxidant and protective effects of the plant extract. Three extracts were produced: EHMV, a hydroalcoholic extract from the maceration of pods, and EEMC and EEMV ethanolic extracts from the maceration of peels and pods, respectively, from L. ferrea. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-MS/MS) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) were used to characterize the metabolites and metals. The antimicrobial activity against Salmonella Galinarum (SG), Salmonella pullorum (SP), Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) and Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) was evaluated alone and in combination with probiotic bacteria (Bacillus velenzensis) using agar diffusion and the bactericidal minimum concentration (CBM). The antioxidant potential of the extracts was evaluated in 5 in vitro assays and 6 assays in 3t3 cells. The toxicity of EHMV was tested, and its ability to combat SP infection was demonstrated using a chicken embryo model. The results showed that EHMV exhibited significant antimicrobial activity. The combination of EHMV with BV had synergistic effects, increased antimicrobial activity and induced bacterial sporulation. Composition analysis revealed the presence of 8 compounds, including tannins and phenolic compounds. In vitro antioxidant tests demonstrated that total antioxidant capacity(TAC) activity was increased, and the extract had strong reducing power and notable metal chelating effects. Analysis of 3T3 cells confirmed the protective effect of EHMV against oxidative stress. Toxicity assessments in chicken embryos confirmed the safety of EHMV and its protective effect against SP-induced mortality. EHMV from L. ferrea is rich in proteins and contains essential metabolites that contribute to its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. When associated with probiotic bacteria such as B. velezensis, this extract increases the inhibition of SH, SG, SP, and APE. The nontoxic nature of EHMV and its protective effects on chicken embryos make it a potential supplement for poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simone Sommerfeld
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Oliveira Notário
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mário Machado Martins
- Biotechnology Institute of the Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciana Machado Bastos
- Biotechnology Institute of the Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Dos Santos Lisboa
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Mendonça Araujo
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Vasco Azevedo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Animal Science in the Tropics at the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Belchiolina Beatriz Fonseca
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Biotechnology Institute of the Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Önder S, Periz ÇD, Ulusoy S, Erbaş S, Önder D, Tonguç M. Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils of seven Cultivated Apiaceae species. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10052. [PMID: 38698117 PMCID: PMC11066118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The Apiaceae family contains many species used as food, spice and medicinal purposes. Different parts of plants including seeds could be used to obtain essential (EO) oils from members of the Apiaceae family. In the present study, EOs were components obtained through hydrodistillation from the seeds of anise (Pimpinella anisum), carrot (Daucus carota), celery (Apium graveolens), dill (Anethum graveolens), coriander (Coriandrum sativum), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), and cumin (Cuminum cyminum). EO constituents were determined with Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Gas Chromatography/Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) and their antioxidant capacities were determined with the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) methods. The antimicrobial activity of EOs were tested against four pathogenic bacteria. Phenylpropanoids in anise (94.87%) and fennel (92.52%), oxygenated monoterpenes in dill (67.59%) and coriander (98.96%), monoterpene hydrocarbons in celery (75.42%), mono- (45.42%) and sesquiterpene- (43.25%) hydrocarbons in carrots, monoterpene hydrocarbon (34.30%) and aromatic hydrocarbons (32.92%) in cumin were the major compounds in the EOs. Anethole in anise and fennel, carotol in carrot, limonene in celery, carvone in dill, linalool in coriander, and cumin aldehyde in cumin were predominant compounds in these EOs. The high hydrocarbon content in cumin EO gave high CUPRAC activity (89.07 µmol Trolox g-1), and the moderate monoterpene hydrocarbon and oxygenated monoterpene content in dill EO resulted in higher DPPH activity (9.86 µmol Trolox g-1). The in vitro antibacterial activity of EOs against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli was evaluated using the agar diffusion method and the minimum bactericidal concentration was determined. Coriander, cumin and dill EOs showed inhibitory effect against all tested strains except P. aeruginosa. While fennel and celery EOs were effective against E. coli and B. cereus strains, respectively, anise and carrot EOs did not show any antibacterial effect against the tested bacteria. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) produced four groups based on EO constituents of seven species. The potential adoption of the cultivated Apiaceae species for EO extraction could be beneficial for the wild species that are endangered by over collection and consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Önder
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, 32200, Isparta, Türkiye.
| | - Çağdaş Deniz Periz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Süleyman Demirel University, 32260, Isparta, Türkiye
| | - Seyhan Ulusoy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Süleyman Demirel University, 32260, Isparta, Türkiye
| | - Sabri Erbaş
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, 32200, Isparta, Türkiye
| | - Damla Önder
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Süleyman Demirel University, 32260, Isparta, Türkiye
| | - Muhammet Tonguç
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, 32200, Isparta, Türkiye
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Khasanah H, Kusbianto DE, Purnamasari L, Cruz JFD, Widianingrum DC, Hwang SG. Modulation of chicken gut microbiota for enhanced productivity and health: A review. Vet World 2024; 17:1073-1083. [PMID: 38911084 PMCID: PMC11188898 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.1073-1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbiota in the digestive tract has become an interesting topic for researchers in recent years. The profile of chicken digestive tract microbiota and its relationship with health and production efficiency have become basic data for modulating the diversity and abundance of the digestive tract microbiota. This article reviews the techniques used to analyze the diversity, role, and function of the gastrointestinal microbiota and the mechanisms by which they are modulated. The gut microbiota plays an important role in animal production, especially during feed digestion and animal health, because it interacts with the host against pathogens. Feed modulation can be a strategy to modulate gut composition and diversity to increase production efficiency by improving growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himmatul Khasanah
- Study Program of Animal Husbandry University of Jember, Jember 68121, Indonesia
- Applied Molecular and Microbial Biotechnology (AM2B) Research Group, University of Jember, Jawa Timur, 68121, Indonesia
| | - Dwi E. Kusbianto
- Study Program of Agricultural Science, University of Jember, Jember 68121, Indonesia
| | - Listya Purnamasari
- Study Program of Animal Husbandry University of Jember, Jember 68121, Indonesia
- School of Animal Life Convergence Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph F. dela Cruz
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños-4031, Philippines
| | - Desy C. Widianingrum
- Study Program of Animal Husbandry University of Jember, Jember 68121, Indonesia
- Applied Molecular and Microbial Biotechnology (AM2B) Research Group, University of Jember, Jawa Timur, 68121, Indonesia
| | - Seong Gu Hwang
- School of Animal Life Convergence Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
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Sugiharto S, Zulpa Y, Agusetyaningsih I, Widiastuti E, Wahyuni HI, Yudiarti T, Sartono TA. Physiological responses and intestinal conditions of broiler chickens treated with encapsulated Acalypha australis L. leaf extract and chitosan. Vet World 2024; 17:994-1000. [PMID: 38911072 PMCID: PMC11188897 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.994-1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The ban on antibiotic growth promoters adversely affects the physiological condition and health of poultry. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of encapsulated Acalypha australis L. leaf extract, chitosan, or a combination of both on the physiological and intestinal conditions of broiler chickens. Materials and Methods A total of 280 Cobb broiler chicks were randomly distributed into four groups: Basal feed without additives (CNTL), basal feed with 0.01% encapsulated A. australis leaf extract (EALE), 0.01% chitosan (CHIT), and 0.01% EALE and 0.01% chitosan (EACH). Sample collection and data measurement were conducted on day 36. Results There was a tendency (p = 0.08) for EACH bird to have a higher body weight than the other groups. Feed consumption was higher (p < 0.05) in EACH than in EALE and CHIT. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was lower (p < 0.05) in EALE, CHIT, and EACH than in CNTL. Erythrocyte numbers were lower (p < 0.05) in EALE than in CNTL and EACH. Hematocrit was lower (p < 0.05) in EALE and CHIT groups than in the other two groups. There was a tendency (p = 0.09) for heterophils to be higher in EACH than in CNTL. Thrombocyte counts were lower (p < 0.05) in EACH group than in the other groups. Serum globulin levels were higher (p < 0.05) in EACH than in CNTL and CHIT. The albumin-to-globulin ratio was higher (p < 0.05) in CNTL than in EALE and EACH. Coliform bacteria tended to be lower (p = 0.05) in the cecum of EACH broilers than that of other broilers. Similarly, the ratio of Lactic acid bacteria to coliforms tended to be higher (p = 0.08) in the cecum of EACH group than that in the other groups. Treatments did not influence the intestinal morphology of broiler chickens (p > 0.05). Conclusion A combination of EALE and chitosan as feed additives enhanced the final body weight and feed efficiency (FCR) of broilers. These additives also increased the levels of heterophils, serum globulin, the ratio of LAB to coliforms, and reduced thrombocytes, albumin-to-globulin ratio, and cecal coliform bacteria. Hence, EALE and chitosan blend improved the growth performance, immune status, and intestinal health of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugiharto Sugiharto
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
| | - Yuki Zulpa
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
| | - Ikania Agusetyaningsih
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
| | - Endang Widiastuti
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
| | - Hanny Indrat Wahyuni
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
| | - Turrini Yudiarti
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
| | - Tri Agus Sartono
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
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10
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Paraskeuas V, Pastor A, Steiner T, Mountzouris KC. Effects of a dietary isoquinoline alkaloids blend on gut antioxidant capacity and gut barrier of young broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103654. [PMID: 38537403 PMCID: PMC11067758 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Extensive mechanistic evidence to support the beneficial function of dietary phytobiotic applications for broiler performance, gut function and health is highly warranted. In particular, for isoquinoline alkaloids (IQ) the underlying mechanisms related to critical gut homeostasis components such as cytoprotection and gut barrier are scarce, especially for young broilers at the starter growth stage (d1-10). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a standardized blend of IQs on the relative gene expression of critical biomarkers relevant for antioxidant response and barrier function along the intestine of young broilers at the end of starter growth phase. For this purpose, 182 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers were allocated in 2 treatments with 7 replicates of 13 broilers each: control diet-no other additions (NC), and control diet containing a standardized blend of IQs at 200 mg/kg of diet (M) for the starter growth period (1-10d). The results revealed that the IQs blend significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) the expression of genes related to antioxidant response in all intestinal segments. Moreover, the IQs blend enhanced (P < 0.05) gut barrier components primarily at duodenal level. In conclusion, the blend of IQs beneficially affected critical pathway components relevant for the gut antioxidant capacity and barrier along the intestine of young broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Paraskeuas
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Anja Pastor
- Phytobiotics Futterzusatzstoffe GmbH, Eltville, Germany
| | | | - Konstantinos C Mountzouris
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece.
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11
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Kang H, Wang Q, Yu H, Guo Q, Weber LI, Wu W, Lepp D, Cui SW, Diarra MS, Liu H, Shao S, Gong J. Validating the use of a newly developed cinnamaldehyde product in commercial broiler production. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103625. [PMID: 38507831 PMCID: PMC10966097 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) have been considered as an alternative to antibiotics for animal production. In the current study, 4 trials were conducted on a commercial broiler farm to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of an encapsulated cinnamon EO product (NE-OFF) on the bird growth performance, gut health, and gene expression in the ileum, spleen, and liver relating to the host response to heat and other stresses, including potential NE challenge. In each trial, approximately 30,000 Cobb or Ross broilers were randomly allocated to 4 treatments: a raised without antibiotics (RWA) commercial diet as positive control, an adjusted RWA commercial diet as negative control, and the negative control diet supplemented with 2 different dosages of NE-OFF, which was added during feed pelleting. Although the final average body weight did not differ significantly among treatment groups, birds fed NE-OFF had an increased ratio of villus height and crypt depth in the jejunum, and reduced fecal oocyst counts. Trial 2 was conducted in the summer and had a necrotic enteritis (NE) outbreak. The supplementation of NE-OFF reduced the NE incidence and bird mortality. The samples from Trial 2 were hence selected for the analyses of Clostridium perfringens and NetB toxin gene abundance in the ileum, and host responses. The C. perfringens population appeared to be positively correlated with the NetB gene abundance. The gene expression analysis suggested that NE-OFF supplementation improved nutrient absorption and transportation as well as antioxidant activities to help the birds against stress. These on-farm trial results support the hypothesis that the use of NE-OFF as a feed additive can improve bird gut health and performance in commercial broiler production, especially for preventing NE outbreaks when birds are under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Kang
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - Qi Wang
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - Hai Yu
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - Qian Guo
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - LIoyd Weber
- LEL Farms Ltd., Guelph, Ontario, N1L 1G3 Canada
| | - Wendy Wu
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - Dion Lepp
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - Steve W Cui
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - Moussa S Diarra
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - Huaizhi Liu
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - Suqin Shao
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada
| | - Joshua Gong
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5C9 Canada.
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12
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Balenović M, Janječić Z, Savić V, Kasap A, Popović M, Šimpraga B, Sokolović M, Bedeković D, Kiš G, Zglavnik T, Špoljarić D, Krstulović F, Listeš I, Zelenika TA. Immunostimulatory and Antibacterial Effects of Cannabis sativa L. Leaves on Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1159. [PMID: 38672306 PMCID: PMC11047609 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dried Cannabis sativa L. leaves as a phytogenic mixture added to broiler feed on CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte subpopulations, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antibody titres, and the presence of E. coli in faecal samples. The study was conducted on 100 male Ross 308 broilers, divided into four groups of 25 broilers, for a 42-day research period. The groups were housed separately in boxes on a litter of softwood shavings and were fed starter mixture from day 1 to day 21 and finisher mixture from day 22 to day 42. Industrial hemp (C. sativa) was grown in the Crkvina area, Croatia (latitude: 45°18'46.8″ N; longitude: 15°31'30″ E). The hemp leaves were manually separated, sun-dried, and ground to a powder. The mixture offered to the control group did not contain cannabis leaves, whereas the three experimental groups received mixtures containing mixed cannabis leaves in a quantity of 10 g/kg, 20 g/kg, or 30 g/kg (E_10, E_20, and E_30, respectively). The mean NDV antibody level was uniform in all study groups until post-vaccination day 14 and increased comparably with time. The percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in the peripheral blood subpopulation showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) in the E_20 group as compared with the control group and both the E_10 and E_30 groups throughout the study period. As the broiler age increased, the CD4+-to-CD8+ ratios also increased and were statistically significant (p < 0.0001) on day 42 in all experimental groups as compared to the control group. Comparing the control group with the experimental groups indicated that the bacterial count was lower in broiler groups having received feed with the addition of 20 g/kg and 30 g/kg C. sativa leaves. In conclusion, the C. sativa leaves were found to elicit a favourable immunomodulatory effect on cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in broilers via increased CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subpopulations and higher CD4+:CD8+ cell ratios, thus indicating enhanced immune function capacity. In addition, C. sativa leaves may have complementary effects on the broiler post-vaccination immune response, increase broilers' resistance to infectious diseases, reduce the effect of stress associated with vaccination, and improve broiler health and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirta Balenović
- Poultry Center, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Ul. Vjekoslava Heinzela 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.)
| | - Zlatko Janječić
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Savić
- Poultry Center, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Ul. Vjekoslava Heinzela 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.)
| | - Ante Kasap
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Popović
- Department of Veterinary Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova ul. 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Borka Šimpraga
- Poultry Center, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Ul. Vjekoslava Heinzela 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.)
| | - Marijana Sokolović
- Poultry Center, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Ul. Vjekoslava Heinzela 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.)
| | - Dalibor Bedeković
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Kiš
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tihomir Zglavnik
- Poultry Center, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Ul. Vjekoslava Heinzela 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.)
| | - Daniel Špoljarić
- Department of Veterinary Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova ul. 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fani Krstulović
- Poultry Center, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Ul. Vjekoslava Heinzela 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.)
| | - Irena Listeš
- Regional Veterinary Institute Split, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Poljička Cesta 33, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Tajana Amšel Zelenika
- Poultry Center, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Ul. Vjekoslava Heinzela 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.)
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13
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Oloruntola OD, Ayodele SO, Oloruntola DA, Olarotimi OJ, Falowo AB, Akinduro VO, Adeniji OE, Adu OA, Gbore FA. Performance, HSP70 expression, antioxidant enzymes, oxidative DNA damage biomarkers, metabolic hormones, and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens fed mistletoe leaf powder supplemented diets under tropical high ambient temperatures. J Therm Biol 2024; 121:103861. [PMID: 38714146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
The study investigated the impact of Mistletoe Leaf Powder (MLP) supplementation on some parameters in heat-stressed broiler chickens. The standard baseline diets, comprising four different formulations, were provided during the starter and finisher stages. Chickens were randomly assigned to the 4 dietary groups: a negative control (CON) with no supplementation, a positive control (VTC) with 200 mg/kg vitamin C, and 2 experimental treatment groups with 2500 mg/kg (MLP2) and 5000 mg/kg (MLP5) MLP supplementation. The Body Weight Gain (BWG) in MLP2 and MLP5 treatment groups was comparable (P > 0.05) to those in VTC, while the CON group exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) lower BWG. Feed consumption was significantly (P < 0.05) lower broiler chickens in the CON group compared to those VTC, MLP2, and MLP5. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) levels were lower in broiler chickens belonging to VTC, MLP2, and MLP5 groups compared to those in CON, and MLP2 showed no difference (P > 0.05) from MLP5 and VTC. Serum glutathione peroxidase and catalase concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) in birds belonging to MLP5, MLP2, and VTC groups compared to CON. The 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine concentration was lower (P < 0.05) in birds of VTC, MLP2, and MLP5 compared to the CON, with VTC showing the least concentration. Serum insulin levels were higher (P < 0.05) in MLP5 compared to those in CON, while serum triiodothyronine and leptin concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) in CON compared to birds in VTC, MLP2, and MLP5. Microbiota analysis revealed that the Coliform bacteria population was higher (P < 0.05) in birds belonging to CON compared to those in VTC, MLP2, and MLP5 groups, whereas lactic acid-producing bacteria were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in birds of CON and highest in MLP2 and MLP5 groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of MLP at 5000 mg/kg enhanced performance, oxidative status, influenced metabolic hormones, and gut microbiota in broiler chickens raised under high ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Olufemi Adesanya Adu
- Department of Animal Production and Health, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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14
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Mullenix GJ, Greene ES, Ramser A, Maynard C, Dridi S. Effect of a microencapsulated phyto/phycogenic blend supplementation on growth performance, processing parameters, meat quality, and sensory profile in male broilers. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1382535. [PMID: 38605922 PMCID: PMC11007207 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1382535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Powered by consumer taste, value, and preferences, natural products including phytogenics and algae are increasingly and separately used in the food systems where they have been reported to improve growth performance in poultry and livestock. The present study aimed to determine the effects of a new feed additive, microencapsulated NUQO© NEX, which contains a combination of phytogenic and phycogenic, on broiler growth performance, blood chemistry, bone health, meat quality and sensory profile. Male Cobb500 chicks (n = 1,197) were fed a 3-phase feeding intervals; 1-14d starter, 15-28d grower, and 29-40d finisher. The dietary treatments included a corn-soy basal Control (CON), basal diet supplemented with NUQO© NEX at 100 g/ton from 1 to 28d then 75 g/ton from d 28 to 40 (NEX75), and basal diet supplemented with NUQO© NEX at 100 g/ton from 1 to 40d (NEX100). The NEX100 supplemented birds had 62 g more BWG increase and 2.1-point improvement in FCR compared with CON in the finisher and overall growth phase (p < 0.05), respectively. Day 40 processing body weights and carcass weights were heavier for the NEX100 supplemented birds (p < 0.05). The incidences of muscle myopathies were also higher in NEX treatments, which could be associated with the heavier weights, but the differences were not detected to be significant. The NEX75 breast filets had more yellowness than other dietary treatments (p = 0.003) and the NEX 100 treatment reduced the levels of breast filet TBARS at 7 days-post harvest (p = 0.053). Finally, both NEX treatments reduced the incidence of severe bone (tibia and femur) lesions. In conclusion, the supplementation of the phytogenic NUQO© NEX improved finisher performance parameters, whole phase FCR, processing carcass weights, and breast filet yellowness, at varying inclusion levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sami Dridi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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15
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Ali U, Saima, Qaisrani SN, Mahmud A, Hayat Z, Toyomizu M. Effects of Supplemented Coriander, Ajwain, and Dill Seed Essential Oils on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Gut Health, Meat Quality, and Immune Status in Broilers. J Poult Sci 2024; 61:2024006. [PMID: 38405017 PMCID: PMC10878721 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2024006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have assessed the benefits and optimal dosage of supplementation with essential oils (EOs), including extracts from plants of the Apiaceae family, as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in broilers. However, little consideration has been given to the actual chemical composition of the evaluated EOs when drawing critical conclusions, even though EO composition can vary with different extraction conditions and plant characteristics. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of EOs from seeds of plants of the Apiaceae family: coriander (CEO), ajwain (AjEO), and dill (DEO), containing 56.8% linalool, 68.2% thymol, and 41.1% carvone, respectively, on the growth performance, gut health, and immune status of broilers. In total, 660 one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into 11 experimental diet groups and fed for 35 days with either the control diet, basal diet with added AGP (lincomycin, 500 mg/kg), or one of nine EO diets supplemented with CEO, AjEO, or DEO at 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg. Final body weights were improved by supplementation with not only AGP but also any EO except AjEO at 600 mg/kg; within each EO, supplementation of CEO at 400 mg/kg, AjEO at 200 mg/kg, and DEO at 200 mg/kg afforded the best growth performance. EO supplementation had beneficial effects on gut morphology, such as increased villus height in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, and against harmful microbiota, such as reduction of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. populations. Furthermore, EOs enhanced humoral immunity and improved meat quality by reducing drip loss, likely consequent to their antioxidant properties. Overall, this study presents evidence that CEO, AjEO, and DEO can each play a pivotal role in replacing AGPs, as well as providing information regarding optimal doses for broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ali
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production
and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Saima
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production
and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shafqat Nawaz Qaisrani
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production
and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Athar Mahmud
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Animal
Production and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000,
Pakistan
| | - Zafar Hayat
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture,
University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Masaaki Toyomizu
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production
and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Animal Nutrition, Life Sciences, Graduate School of
Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
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16
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Popov IV, Einhardt Manzke N, Sost MM, Verhoeven J, Verbruggen S, Chebotareva IP, Ermakov AM, Venema K. Modulation of Swine Gut Microbiota by Phytogenic Blends and High Concentrations of Casein in a Validated Swine Large Intestinal In Vitro Model. Vet Sci 2023; 10:677. [PMID: 38133228 PMCID: PMC10748322 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytogenic feed additives are gaining popularity in livestock as a replacement for antibiotic growth promotors. Some phytogenic blends (PB) positively affect the production performance, inhibit pathogens within the gut microbiota, and improve the overall health of farm animals. In this study, a swine large intestine in vitro model was used to evaluate the effect of two PBs, alone or in combination with casein, on swine gut microbiota. As a result, the combination of casein with PB1 had the most beneficial effects on swine gut microbiota, as it increased the relative abundance of some commensal bacteria and two genera (Lactobacillus and Oscillospiraceae UCG-002), which are associated with greater production performance in pigs. At the same time, supplementation with PBs did not lead to an increase in opportunistic pathogens, indicating their safety for pigs. Both PBs showed fewer changes in swine gut microbiota compared to interventions with added casein. In contrast, casein supplementation significantly increased beta diversity and the relative abundance of commensal as well as potentially beneficial bacteria. In conclusion, the combination of casein with PBs, in particular PB1, had the most beneficial effects among the studied supplements in vitro, with respect to microbiota modulation and metabolite production, although this data should be proven in further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V. Popov
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University—Campus Venlo, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands; (I.V.P.); (M.M.S.); (S.V.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Don State Technical University, 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russia (A.M.E.)
- Division of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Federal Territory Sirius, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | | | - Mônica Maurer Sost
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University—Campus Venlo, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands; (I.V.P.); (M.M.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Jessica Verhoeven
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University—Campus Venlo, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands; (I.V.P.); (M.M.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Sanne Verbruggen
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University—Campus Venlo, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands; (I.V.P.); (M.M.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Iuliia P. Chebotareva
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Don State Technical University, 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russia (A.M.E.)
- Division of Nanobiomedicine, Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Federal Territory Sirius, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Alexey M. Ermakov
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Don State Technical University, 344000 Rostov-on-Don, Russia (A.M.E.)
| | - Koen Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University—Campus Venlo, 5928 SZ Venlo, The Netherlands; (I.V.P.); (M.M.S.); (S.V.)
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17
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Pandey S, Kim ES, Cho JH, Song M, Doo H, Kim S, Keum GB, Kwak J, Ryu S, Choi Y, Kang J, Choe J, Kim HB. Cutting-edge knowledge on the roles of phytobiotics and their proposed modes of action in swine. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1265689. [PMID: 37808106 PMCID: PMC10552858 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1265689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
With the ban on antibiotics in the swine industry, the exploration of alternative options has highlighted phytobiotics as a promising substitute for antibiotic growth promoters, aiming to foster a more sustainable swine industry. Phytobiotics are non-nutritive natural bioactive components derived from plants that offer numerous health benefits. They exhibit antioxidative, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects. Phytobiotics can be utilized in various forms, including solid, dried, ground, or as extracts, either in crude or concentrated form. They are characterized by low residual levels, a lack of resistance development, and minimal adverse effects. These qualities make phytobiotics an attractive choice for enhancing health and productivity in swine, presenting them as a viable alternative to antibiotics. While there is a general understanding of the effects of phytobiotics, there is still a need for detailed information regarding their effectiveness and mechanisms of action in practical settings. Therefore, the purpose of this mini review was to summarize the current knowledge supporting the roles of phytobiotics and their proposed modes of action, with a specific focus on swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriniwas Pandey
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sol Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Cho
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Song
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunok Doo
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheena Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Beom Keum
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinok Kwak
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Ryu
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Choi
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoun Kang
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehwan Choe
- Major of Beef Science, Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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18
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Kikusato M, Toyomizu M. Mechanisms underlying the Effects of Heat Stress on Intestinal Integrity, Inflammation, and Microbiota in Chickens. J Poult Sci 2023; 60:2023021. [PMID: 37560151 PMCID: PMC10406517 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2023021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry meat and egg production benefits from a smaller carbon footprint, as well as feed and water consumption, per unit of product, than other protein sources. Therefore, maintaining a sustainable production of poultry meat is important to meet the increasing global demand for this staple. Heat stress experienced during the summer season or in tropical/subtropical areas negatively affects the productivity and health of chickens. Crucially, its impact is predicted to grow with the acceleration of global warming. Heat stress affects the physiology, metabolism, and immune response of chickens, causing electrolyte imbalance, oxidative stress, endocrine disorders, inflammation, and immunosuppression. These changes do not occur independently, pointing to a systemic mechanism. Recently, intestinal homeostasis has been identified as an important contributor to nutrient absorption and the progression of systemic inflammation. Its mechanism of action is thought to involve neuroendocrine signaling, antioxidant response, the presence of oxidants in the diet, and microbiota composition. The present review focuses on the effect of heat stress on intestinal dysfunction in chickens and the underlying causative factors. Understanding these mechanisms will direct the design of strategies to mitigate the negative effect of heat stress, while benefiting both animal health and sustainable poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Kikusato
- Animal Nutrition, Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural Science,
Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masaaki Toyomizu
- Animal Nutrition, Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural Science,
Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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19
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Ökmen G, Giannetto D, Fazio F, Arslan K. Investigation of Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) Flowers' Antioxidant Properties and Antibacterial Activities against Different Staphylococcus Species Associated with Bovine Mastitis. Vet Sci 2023; 10:394. [PMID: 37368780 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10060394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the most considerable and costly diseases for dairy herds, and Staphylococcus spp. is known to be the main causative agent. Although antibiotics are widely used in the treatment of mastitis, this can cause both antibiotic residues in milk and the risk of antibiotic resistance occurrence in bacteria. Thus, in recent years, researchers have focused on alternative treatments for this disease and plants extracts are investigated for this purpose. Pomegranate is widely used as a dye, ornament, and medicinal plants in the industry, and the species has a particularly high economic value in Turkey. This study aims to investigate in vitro the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the pomegranate flower's extracts against different Staphylococcus species associated with bovine mastitis. To this aim, pomegranate flowers were collected from different regions in Turkey and extracts were prepared with three different solvents (methanol, ethanol, and water). The retention factor values of the ethanol extract were determined by thin-layer chromatography. The antibacterial activity tests were carried out via the disk diffusion method. In addition, the extracts were tested against the stable DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) free radicals for antioxidant activity. Four retention factors (0.79, 0.67, 0.58, and 0.33 points) were found for the ethanol extract. The methanol extract showed the highest inhibition zones against coagulase-negative Staphylococcus-37 (CNS-37) and S. aureus-18. The lowest MIC was 6500 μg/mL. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in methanol extracts. As a result, the extracts of pomegranate flowers showed a high antioxidant and antibacterial potential against the examined mastitis pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülten Ökmen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla 48000, Turkey
| | - Daniela Giannetto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla 48000, Turkey
| | - Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Messina University, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Kutbettin Arslan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla 48000, Turkey
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20
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Rafeeq M, Bilal RM, Batool F, Yameen K, Farag MR, Madkour M, Elnesr SS, El-Shall NA, Dhama K, Alagawany M. Application of herbs and their derivatives in broiler chickens: a review. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2151395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Rafeeq
- Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Rana Muhammad Bilal
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Fiza Batool
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Forestry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Yameen
- Department of Poultry, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mayada R. Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Madkour
- Animal Production Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shaaban S. Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Nahed A. El-Shall
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfna, Egypt
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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21
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Lepczyński A, Herosimczyk A, Bucław M, Adaszyńska-Skwirzyńska M. Antibiotics in avian care and husbandry-status and alternative antimicrobials. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Undoubtedly, the discovery of antibiotics was one of the greatest milestones in the treatment of human and animal diseases. Due to their over-use mainly as antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in livestock farming, antimicrobial resistance has been reported with increasing intensity, especially in the last decades. In order to reduce the scale of this phenomenon, initially in the Scandinavian countries and then throughout the entire European Union, a total ban on the use of AGP was introduced, moreover, a significant limitation in the use of these feed additives is now observed almost all over the world. The withdrawal of AGP from widespread use has prompted investigators to search for alternative strategies to maintain and stabilize the composition of the gut microbiota. These strategies include substances that are used in an attempt to stimulate the growth and activity of symbiotic bacteria living in the digestive tract of animals, as well as living microorganisms capable of colonizing the host’s gastrointestinal tract, which can positively affect the composition of the intestinal microbiota by exerting a number of pro-health effects, i.e., prebiotics and probiotics, respectively. In this review we also focused on plants/herbs derived products that are collectively known as phytobiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Lepczyński
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics , West Pomeranian University of Technology , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Herosimczyk
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics , West Pomeranian University of Technology , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Mateusz Bucław
- Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences , West Pomeranian University of Technology , Szczecin , Poland
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22
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Palamidi I, Paraskeuas VV, Mountzouris KC. Dietary and phytogenic inclusion effects on the broiler chicken cecal ecosystem. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.1094314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary modulation in broilers is crucial for the establishment of beneficial microbiota and, subsequently, the promotion of intestinal health. In this trial, a 2 × 2 factorial design was used with two different specifications with respect to dietary metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) levels (i.e., 95% and 100% of recommendations) and phytogenic levels (0 and 150 mg/kg). Levels of total bacteria, Bacteroides spp., Lactobacillus spp., and Clostridium cluster XIVa attached to the cecal mucosa and in the cecal digesta were lower in broilers fed the 95% ME and CP specification diets, as was the molar ratio of butyric acid. In addition, the relative activity of autoinducers-2 (AI-2) and the expression levels of TLR4 and AvBD6 were increased. Phytogenic supplementation reduced cecal digesta levels of Escherichia coli and Clostridium cluster I levels, and increased Clostridium cluster IV levels. Moreover, the butyric acid molar ratio and the relative activity of AI-2 were increased, whereas the concentration of branched VFAs and the expression of AvBD6 and LEAP2 were reduced by phytogenic administration. Dietary specifications and phytogenic interactions were shown for the cecal-attached microbiota composition, metabolic activity of digesta microbiota, relative expression of autoinducers-2, and relative expression of toll-like signaling molecules and host antimicrobial peptides. In conclusion, it has been shown that ME and CP dietary specifications, combined or not with phytogenics, modulate multilevel gut biomarkers ranging from microbiota composition and metabolic activity to microbial communications and host signaling, inflammation, and defense.
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23
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Zhang Y, Li Q, Wang Z, Dong Y, Yi D, Wu T, Wang L, Zhao D, Hou Y. Dietary supplementation with a complex of cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, and thymol negatively affects the intestinal function in LPS-challenged piglets. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1098579. [PMID: 37065240 PMCID: PMC10097997 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1098579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol and thymol complex (CCT) on the growth performance and intestinal function of piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were determined. Colistin sulphate (CS) was as a positive control. Method Piglets (n = 24, 32 days of age) were allocated to four treatments: Control group (fed basal diet), LPS group (fed basal diet), CS+LPS group (fed basal diet + 50 mg/kg CS), and CCT+LPS group (fed basal diet + 50 mg/kg CCT). Results Results showed that diarrhea rates of piglets were significantly reduced by CCT and CS supplementation respectively. Further research showed that CS supplementation tended to improve the intestinal absorption function in LPS-challenged piglets. Moreover, CS supplementation significantly reduced the contents of cortisol in blood and malondialdehyde in the duodenum and the activities of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the duodenum and ileum and total nitric oxide synthase in the ileum in LPS-challenged piglets. CS supplementation significantly increased the activities of sucrase in the ileum and myeloperoxidase in the jejunum in LPS-challenged piglets. CS supplementation significantly alleviated the reduced mRNA levels of immune-related genes (IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10) in mesenteric lymph nodes and jejunum and mucosal growth-related genes (IGF-1, mTOR, ALP) in LPS-challenged piglets. These results suggested that CS supplementation improved the intestinal function in LPS-challenged piglets by improving intestinal oxidative stress, immune stress, and absorption and repair function. However, although CCT supplementation improved oxidative stress by reducing (p < 0.05) the content of malondialdehyde and the activity of nitric oxide synthase in the duodenum, CCT supplementation tended to aggravate the intestinal absorption dysfunction in LPS-challenged piglets. Furthermore, compared with the control and LPS groups, CCT supplementation remarkably elevated the content of prostaglandin in plasma and the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory factor IL-6 in mesenteric lymph nodes and jejunum, and reduced the activity of maltase in the ileum in LPS-challenged piglets. These results suggested that CCT supplementation had a negative effect on intestinal function by altering intestinal immune stress response and reducing disaccharidase activity in LPS-challenged piglets. Conclusions Compared to CS, CCT supplementation exhibited a negative effect on intestinal function, suggesting whether CCT can be as an effective feed additive still needs further study.
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Sustainable Valorization of Tomato Pomace ( Lycopersicon esculentum) in Animal Nutrition: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233294. [PMID: 36496814 PMCID: PMC9736048 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Under the background of the current shortage of feed resources, especially the shortage of protein feed, attempts to develop and utilize new feed resources are constantly being made. If the tomato pomace (TP) produced by industrial processing is used improperly, it will not only pollute the environment, but also cause feed resources to be wasted. This review summarizes the nutritional content of TP and its use and impact in animals as an animal feed supplement. Tomato pomace is a by-product of tomato processing, divided into peel, pulp, and tomato seeds, which are rich in proteins, fats, minerals, fatty acids, and amino acids, as well as antioxidant bioactive compounds, such as lycopene, beta-carotenoids, tocopherols, polyphenols, and terpenes. There are mainly two forms of feed: drying and silage. Tomato pomace can improve animal feed intake and growth performance, increase polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and PUFA n-3 content in meat, improve meat color, nutritional value, and juiciness, enhance immunity and antioxidant capacity of animals, and improve sperm quality. Lowering the rumen pH and reducing CH4 production in ruminants promotes the fermentation of rumen microorganisms and improves economic efficiency. Using tomato pomace instead of soybean meal as a protein supplement is a research hotspot in the animal husbandry industry, and further research should focus on the processing technology of TP and its large-scale application in feed.
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25
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Sugiharto S, Agusetyaningsih I, Widiastuti E, Wahyuni HI, Yudiarti T, Sartono TA. Germinated papaya seed alone or in combination with chitosan on growth, health and meat quality of broilers during grower period. Vet Anim Sci 2022; 18:100273. [PMID: 36438428 PMCID: PMC9694057 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2022.100273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the effect of a mixture of germinated papaya seed flour and chitosan (GPS-CH) in comparison to the germinated papaya seed flour (GPS) alone on growth, blood profile, intestinal indices and meat quality of broilers. A total of 288 14-day old Cobb chicks were divided into three groups with 8 replications, including CONT (chicks receiving basal feed with no additive), GPS (chicks receiving basal feed supplemented with 0.5% GPS), and GPS-CH (chicks receiving basal feed supplemented with 0.5% GPS and 0.2% chitosan). Treatments had no effect (p > 0.05) on broiler growth. Spleen was lower (p < 0.05) in GPS and GPS-CH than in CONT. Thrombocytes were lower (p < 0.05) in GPS and GPS-CH than in CONT. Total triglyceride and protein were higher (p < 0.05) in GPS and GPS-CH than in CONT. Jejunal villi height (VH) and ileal VH to crypt depth ratio of GPS-CH were higher (p < 0.05) than that of CONT and GPS birds. Total fat in breast meat was lower (p < 0.05) in GPS-CH than in CONT and GPS. The highest (p < 0.05) pH was found in GPS-CH breast. The yellowness values were lower (p < 0.05) in GPS-CH than in CONT and GPS breast. GPS thigh had lowest (p < 0.05) moisture and highest (p < 0.05) fat. Ash was higher (p < 0.05) in GPS-CH than in CONT thigh. Water holding capacity (WHC) was higher (p < 0.05) in GPS-CH than in CONT and GPS thigh meats. Cooking loss was lower (p < 0.05) in GPS-CH than in GPS thigh meats. Compared to GPS, the pH values of thigh meats were higher (p < 0.05) in GPS-CH and CONT meats. The yellowness values were lower in GPS and GPS-CH than in CONT thigh. In conclusion, GPS-CH was beneficial in improving immune responses, nutrient bioavailability, intestinal morphology and meat quality of broilers during the grower period.
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26
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Abdul Kari Z, Wee W, Mohamad Sukri SA, Che Harun H, Hanif Reduan MF, Irwan Khoo M, Van Doan H, Wen Goh K, Seong Wei L. Role of phytobiotics in relieving the impacts of Aeromonas hydrophila infection on aquatic animals: A mini-review. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1023784. [PMID: 36277060 PMCID: PMC9582345 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1023784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a ubiquitous bacterium with various hosts that causes mass mortality in farm-raised fish species and significant economic losses. The current antibiotic treatment is ineffective in controlling this bacterium infection in aquaculture species. Therefore, an evaluation of potential phytobiotics is needed to find an alternative antimicrobial agent to reduce the over-reliance on antibiotics in aquaculture and safeguard public and environmental health. Furthermore, the rise in antibiotic resistance cases among pathogenic bacteria indicates an urgent need for new fish and shellfish health management solutions. In this context, phytobiotics applications in aquaculture can be defined as any medicinal plant-based antimicrobial agent used in fish and shellfish health management. This review will focus on the impacts of Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) due to A. hydrophila in aquaculture, the potential of phytobiotics in enhancing the tolerance of aquaculture species against MAS and the combination of phytobiotics with other antimicrobial and therapeutic agents against MAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulhisyam Abdul Kari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wendy Wee
- Center of Fundamental and Continuing Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Suniza Anis Mohamad Sukri
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hasnita Che Harun
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farhan Hanif Reduan
- Department of Paraclinical Study, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Martina Irwan Khoo
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand,Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand,Hien Van Doan
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia,Khang Wen Goh
| | - Lee Seong Wei
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia,*Correspondence: Lee Seong Wei
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Encapsulation as a way to improve the phytogenic effects of herbal additives in broilers – an overview. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The prohibition of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) and the restriction of synthetic antioxidants have had a negative impact on the productivity and health of broiler chickens. To ensure sustainability in broiler production, poultry nutritionists continue to look for alternatives to AGP and antioxidants. Using herbal ingredients is one alternative that is widely used today. However, the use of herbal ingredients in small doses is often constrained by bioavailability problems, thereby reducing the effectiveness of using herbal additives for broiler chickens. At higher doses, the use of herbal ingredients can increase feed costs and negatively impact palatability, digestion and protein utilization, and liver health. Encapsulation is a method that can improve the stability, palatability, and bioavailability of herbal additives, which may enhance the efficacy of herbs as AGP and antioxidant alternatives for broilers. This review article provides a comprehensive insight into the application of and problems related to herbal additives, benefits of encapsulation technology on herbs, and use of encapsulated herbs in broiler production.
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28
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Rafeeq M, Bilal RM, Alagawany M, Batool F, Yameen K, Farag MR, Ali S, Elnesr SS, El-Shall NA. The use of some herbal plants as effective alternatives to antibiotic growth enhancers in poultry nutrition. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2108362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Rafeeq
- Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Rana Muhammad Bilal
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Fiza Batool
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Forestry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Yameen
- Department of Poultry, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mayada R. Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sher Ali
- Faculty of Animal Production & Technology, University of veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shaaban S. Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Nahed A. El-Shall
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfna, Egypt
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Kalia VC, Shim WY, Patel SKS, Gong C, Lee JK. Recent developments in antimicrobial growth promoters in chicken health: Opportunities and challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155300. [PMID: 35447189 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With a continuously increasing human population is an increasing global demand for food. People in countries with a higher socioeconomic status tend to switch their preferences from grains to meat and high-value foods. Their preference for chicken as a source of protein has grown by 70% over the last three decades. Many studies have shown the role of feed in regulating the animal gut microbiome and its impact on host health. The microbiome absorbs nutrients, digests foods, induces a mucosal immune response, maintains homeostasis, and regulates bioactive metabolites. These metabolic activities are influenced by the microbiota and diet. An imbalance in microbiota affects host physiology and progressively causes disorders and diseases. With the use of antibiotics, a shift from dysbiosis with a higher density of pathogens to homeostasis can occur. However, the progressive use of higher doses of antibiotics proved harmful and resulted in the emergence of multidrug-resistant microbes. As a result, the use of antibiotics as feed additives has been banned. Researchers, regulatory authorities, and managers in the poultry industry have assessed the challenges associated with these restrictions. Research has sought to identify alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters for poultry that do not have any adverse effects. Modulating the host intestinal microbiome by regulating dietary factors is much easier than manipulating host genetics. Research efforts have led to the identification of feed additives, including bacteriocins, immunostimulants, organic acids, phytogenics, prebiotics, probiotics, phytoncides, and bacteriophages. In contrast to focusing on one or more of these alternative bioadditives, an improved feed conversion ratio with enhanced poultry products is possible by employing a combination of feed additives. This article may be helpful in future research towards developing a sustainable poultry industry through the use of the proposed alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Chandra Kalia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo Yong Shim
- Samsung Particulate Matter Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunjie Gong
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, People's Republic of China
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Male Layer Chicken’s Response to Dietary Moringa oleifera Meal in a Tropical Climate. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141843. [PMID: 35883390 PMCID: PMC9311652 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the egg industry, most slow-growing chicks are usually euthanized at 1-day-old even though it has been demonstrated that they are well-suited to production systems with outdoor access. However, the rearing of these birds, as an option to address the ethical concerns related to their disposal at such an early age, is impaired by high feeding costs. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate non-conventional feeding materials that could be incorporated into their diets. Moringa is a non-traditional feed for poultry; nevertheless, studies investigating slow-growing breeds’ performance when fed Moringa while given access to outdoors in the tropics are limited. Thus, the current study evaluated slow-growing chickens’ response to dietary Moringa in terms of production performance, carcass yield, and blood parameters. The results revealed that all cumulative traits were not negatively affected by the treatments (except for feed conversion). Additionally, both breast weight and yield and gizzard weight and yield significantly increased with dietary Moringa, while blood parameters remained unaltered. It is concluded that Moringa, as a feed ingredient, could be added to the diets of slow-growing male chickens grown with outdoor access in the tropics to improve productive and carcass traits, but feed conversion could be increased. Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different dietary amounts of Moringa oleifera meal (MOM), consisting of leaves and small edible green stems, on growth performance, carcass traits, and blood parameters of finisher male layer-type slow-growing chickens raised with outdoor access. A total of 198 Dominant Blue D 107, 72-day-old male chickens were randomly assigned to tree dietary treatments containing 0, 30, and 60 g/kg MOM that corresponded to T1 or control, T2, and T3, separately. Each treatment was divided into 6 replicates of 11 birds apiece, and all birds had access to the outdoors. After 7 weeks of experimental rearing, live weight was 2218.1, 2164.4, and 2176.6 g for birds raised in T1, T2 and T3, respectively, without statistical differences (p ≥ 0.05). Live weight gain and daily live weight gain increased (p ≤ 0.05) in favor of the control group during the first 4 weeks but decreased (p ≤ 0.05) in the last 3 weeks of the trial. Overall feed intake was not influenced by the treatments (p ≥ 0.05). Birds raised with MOM in their diets had higher feed conversion (p ≤ 0.05). T2 diet considerably increased (p ≤ 0.05) birds’ breast and gizzard weight and yield while decreasing feet weight and yield, in comparison to T1. Dietary MOM inclusion did not impair or improve (p ≥ 0.05) blood parameters. The results of this study suggest that up to 60 g/kg MOM could be included in the diets of slow-growing Dominant Blue D 107 male chickens grown with access to outdoors without compromising their productive performance (except for feed conversion), slaughter characteristics, and health status.
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Kari ZA, Wee W, Hamid NKA, Mat K, Rusli ND, Khalid HNM, Sukri SAM, Harun HC, Dawood MAO, Hakim AH, Khoo MI, Abd El-Razek IM, Goh KW, Wei LS. Recent Advances of Phytobiotic Utilization in Carp Farming: A Review. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2022; 2022:1-10. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7626675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Carp farming is a popular aquaculture activity that provides affordable protein sources and job opportunities to many people worldwide. As carp farming intensifies, farmers face major issues such as rising feed costs and excessive antibiotic usage. Thus, there is an urgent need to explore alternative resources to ensure the sustainability of the carp farming industry. One of the most promising resources is phytobiotics that possess various properties beneficial for carp production. Furthermore, most phytobiotics are derived from agricultural waste that is abundant and cheap, but some phytobiotics are produced commercially and available in the market. The main topics of this review are highlighted sources, characteristics of phytobiotics, and the usefulness of phytobiotics in improving growth performance, feed utilization efficiency, antioxidant activity, and health of carps against diseases. Furthermore, in this review, recent methods of administration of phytobiotics such as through feeding, bathing, and intraperitoneal injection in carp farming are also discussed and summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulhisyam Abdul Kari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wendy Wee
- Center of Fundamental and Continuing Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | - Khairiyah Mat
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Dini Rusli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hazreen Nita Mohd Khalid
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Suniza Anis Mohamad Sukri
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hasnita Che Harun
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mahmoud A. O. Dawood
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
- The Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali Hanafiah Hakim
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Martina Irwan Khoo
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim M. Abd El-Razek
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, 71800 Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Lee Seong Wei
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Arain MA, Nabi F, Shah QA, Alagawany M, Fazlani SA, Khalid M, Soomro F, Khand FM, Farag MR. The role of early feeding in improving performance and health of poultry: herbs and their derivatives. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2043133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif Arain
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences, (LUAWMS), Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Fazul Nabi
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences, (LUAWMS), Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali Shah
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences, (LUAWMS), Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sarfraz Ali Fazlani
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences, (LUAWMS), Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Sindh Institute of Animal Health, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Government of Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Feroza Soomro
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Faiz Muhammad Khand
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto, university of veterinary and animal sciences, Sakrand, Pakistan
| | - Mayada R. Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Ali U, Naveed S, Qaisrani SN, Mahmud A, Hayat Z, Abdullah M, Kikusato M, Toyomizu M. Characteristics of Essential Oils of Apiaceae Family: Their Chemical Compositions, in vitro Properties and Effects on Broiler Production. J Poult Sci 2022; 59:16-37. [PMID: 35125910 PMCID: PMC8791775 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0210042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been an upsurge of interest in the phytobiotics coincident with the onset of the potential ban on the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in the broiler industry and because many kinds of nutraceuticals play an important role in improving growth performance, feed efficiency, and gut health of broilers. In the previous years, significant biological activities of essential oils (EOs) belonging to phytobiotics were observed, including anti-bacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antioxidant properties. We found new perspectives on the roles of EOs, particularly extracts from the Apiaceae family, which is one of the largest plant families, in potential replacement of AGPs, and on the chemical composition involved in regulating microorganism activity and oxidative damage. Furthermore, the positive effects of EOs on broiler production and the possible mechanisms inducing the involvement of gut health and growth performance have been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ali
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Saima Naveed
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shafqat Nawaz Qaisrani
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Athar Mahmud
- Department of Poultry Production, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Hayat
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang Campus, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Motoi Kikusato
- Animal Nutrition, Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572Japan
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Masaaki Toyomizu
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Animal Nutrition, Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572Japan
- International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan 13712, Nepal
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Rupasinghe RA, Alahakoon AU, Alakolanga AW, Jayasena DD, Jo C. Oxidative Stability of Vacuum-Packed Chicken Wings Marinated with Fruit Juices during Frozen Storage. Food Sci Anim Resour 2022; 42:61-72. [PMID: 35028574 PMCID: PMC8728511 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2021.e62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants present in fruits and vegetables have a potential to reduce disease risk, and increase the shelf life of food products by reducing lipid oxidation. The effect of marination with antioxidants-rich fruit juices on quality characteristics of vacuum-packed chicken wings were examined during frozen storage. Chicken wings were mixed separately with marinades containing pineapple juice, June plum juice, and mango juice and kept for 12 h and 24 h. Three best marination conditions were selected based on a sensory evaluation. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of fruit juices, and marinade uptake, and marinade loss of marinated chicken wings were determined. In addition, vacuum packed marinated chicken wings were tested for pH, water holding capacity (WHC), 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value and antioxidant activity over a 4-wk frozen storage. The best sensory properties were reported from chicken wings marinated with pineapple juice for 24 h, mango juice for 24 h, and June plum juice for 12 h (p<0.05) compared to other marinade-time combinations. Mango juice showed the highest antioxidant activity (92.2%) and total phenolic content (38.45 μg/mL; p<0.05) compared to other fruit juices. The pH and WHC of vacuum-packed chicken wings were slightly decreased over the frozen storage (p<0.05). Moreover, chicken wings marinated with mango juice had the lowest TBARS values and the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate free radical scavenging activity. In conclusion, mango juice was selected among tested as the most effective marinade for enhancing the oxidative stability of lipid while maintaining the other meat quality traits of vacuum-packed chicken wings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amali U. Alahakoon
- Department of Biosystems Technology,
Faculty of Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura,
Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Achala W. Alakolanga
- Department of Export Agriculture, Uva
Wellassa University, Badulla 90000, Sri
Lanka
| | - Dinesh D. Jayasena
- Department of Animal Science, Uva Wellassa
University, Badulla 90000, Sri
Lanka
| | - Cheorun Jo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology,
Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture
and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul
08826, Korea
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Gholami‐Ahangaran M, Ahmadi‐Dastgerdi A, Azizi S, Basiratpour A, Zokaei M, Derakhshan M. Thymol and carvacrol supplementation in poultry health and performance. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:267-288. [PMID: 34761555 PMCID: PMC8788968 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymol and carvacrol as natural essential oils and phenol compounds are components derived from some medicinal plants, such as thyme and oregano species. OBJECTIVES The increasing demands in organic and healthy meat and egg consumption in human society have made it necessary to consider alternative natural compounds for the replacement of chemical compounds in poultry production. The chemical compounds can remain in meat and eggs and cause complications in human health. Therefore, these natural compounds can be fed with a higher safety in poultry production with specific effects. In this regard, the role of thymol and carvacrol as natural compounds in the poultry production has been discussed in the review. METHODS In this study, by searching for keywords related to thymol and carvacrol in poultry production in Google Scholar database, the articles related to different aspects of the biological effects of these two phytogenes in poultry production were selected and analyzed. RESULTS A review of previous studies has shown that thymol and carvacrol possess a wide range of biological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, modulating of immunity response and regulating of the gut microbial population. Also, in meat type chickens can promote growth and influence feed utilization. The beneficial effect of this compound was evaluated in hepatic toxicity and demonstrated as a hepatoprotective compound in chickens. Furthermore, these compounds can affect the behavior of layers and influence egg composition, eggshell thickness, and the sensory quality of eggs. CONCLUSION It seems that with the increasing demand for healthy protein products, these compounds can be used to improve performance as a substitute alternative for chemical compounds in healthy poultry farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Gholami‐Ahangaran
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Asiye Ahmadi‐Dastgerdi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ardestan BranchIslamic Azad UniversityArdestanIran
| | - Shahrzad Azizi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineShahid Bahonar University of KermanKermanIran
| | - Asal Basiratpour
- Graduated of Basic Sciences FacultyPayame Noor UniversityIsfahan BranchIsfahanIran
| | - Maryam Zokaei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Masoud Derakhshan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Shoushtar BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShoushtarIran
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Rakhmatullin SG, Kurilkina MY, Duskaev GK. Effect of the Eucalyptus viminalis leaf extract compound on the amino acid and fatty acid composition of broiler chicken meat. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20225101001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The article presents the results on evaluating the effect of the gamma-octalactone compound isolated from Eucalyptus viminalis leaf extract on the amino acid and fatty acid composition of protein and lipids of broiler chickens' muscle tissue. The object of the study was 7-day-old broiler chickens of the Arbor Acres cross. During the experiment, the control group poultry consumed the main diet (MD); the poultry of the experimental groups received the main diet plus gamma-octalactone at the following dose: group I – 0.05 ml/kg l.w./ day; II – 0.1 ml/kg l.w./ day; III – 0.2 ml/ kg l.w./day. It was found that the experimental compound's introduction into the diets significantly increases protein and fat content, as well as improves the balance of experimental groups' chicken meat for essential amino acids, as evidenced by a significant increase in the content of leucine and isoleucine - 2.27% (P≤0.01), valine - 0.8% (P≤0.05), phenylalanine 0.44 (P≤0.05) % in chickens of the experimental group III in relation to the control. With a relatively stable amount of saturated fatty acids in the experimental groups, compensation for insufficient synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids was observed by increased accumulation of monounsaturated fatty acids. However, despite the existing differences in the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids, no significant intergroup changes were observed.
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Ali A, Ponnampalam EN, Pushpakumara G, Cottrell JJ, Suleria HAR, Dunshea FR. Cinnamon: A Natural Feed Additive for Poultry Health and Production-A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2026. [PMID: 34359154 PMCID: PMC8300125 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased bacterial resistance to synthetic antibiotics and consumer awareness about the health and food safety concerns have triggered the ban on the use of antibiotic growth promotors (AGPs) in the poultry industry. This situation encouraged the poultry sector and industry to explore safe alternatives to AGPs and focus on developing more sustainable feed management strategies to improve the intestinal health and growth performance of poultry. Consequently, phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) have emerged as natural alternatives to AGPs and have great potential in the poultry industry. In recent years, cinnamon (one of the most widely used spices) has attracted attention from researchers as a natural product with numerous health benefits for poultry. The essential oils in cinnamon, in particular, are of interest because of their antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and hypocholesterolaemic effects, in addition to their ability to stimulate digestive enzymes in the gut. This review mainly emphasizes the potential impact of cinnamon as a natural feed additive on overall gut health, nutrient digestibility, blood biochemical profile, gene expression, gut microbiota and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Ali
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (A.A.); (J.J.C.); (H.A.R.S.)
| | - Eric N. Ponnampalam
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia;
| | - Gamini Pushpakumara
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka;
| | - Jeremy J. Cottrell
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (A.A.); (J.J.C.); (H.A.R.S.)
| | - Hafiz A. R. Suleria
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (A.A.); (J.J.C.); (H.A.R.S.)
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (A.A.); (J.J.C.); (H.A.R.S.)
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Yun CH. - Editorial - Glancing at the major issues of the Animal Bioscience Forum 2020. Anim Biosci 2021; 34:787-788. [PMID: 33940673 PMCID: PMC8100469 DOI: 10.5713/ab.2021.0002ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Co Editor-in-Chief, Animal Bioscience, Seoul 08776, Korea
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