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Ganai IA, Sharma RK, Rastogi A, Pathak AK, Sharma VK. Comparative evaluation of native top feeds of western Himalayas for utilization as goat's ration in mash and block form. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:370. [PMID: 37864597 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03793-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The current research was undertaken to scrutinize the effect of leaf meal mixture as concentrate mixture in the ration of goats. Leaf meal mixture (LMM) was prepared using equal quantities of ten top-foliages namely Acacia nilotica, Celtis australis, Ficus palmata, Ficus religiosa, Grewia optiva, Melia azadarach, Morus alba, Quercus incana, Salix alba and Zizyphus jujube obtained from district Poonch of Jammu region in western Himalayas. The LMM prepared was substituted for 15% in the concentrate mixture being fed to the goats. The study constituted of two trials. Concentrate mixture offered to the animals was in mash and multi-nutrient block in first and second trial respectively. A total of twelve non-descript, adult male goats were selected for each trial. Goats of 0-14 months age (27.71 ± 2.96 kg live body weight) of for first trial while goats of 12-16 months age (27.02 ± 2.93 kg live weight) for second trial were divided into control and treatment groups as per randomized block design and fed ad-lib wheat straw and concentrate mixture @ (20 g/kgW0.75). No significant variation was observed (p > 0.05) in body weight, feed and DM intake among all groups in both trials. Comparable intake as well as digestibility of various nutrients like DM, OM, CP, EE, CF, NFE, NDF, ADF and TDN were found between the two groups during individual trials. There was a positive nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus balance among all experimental animals in both the trials. Serum enzymes ALT, AST and haemato-biochemical parameters like total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin: globulin and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) showed no significant differences during both trials in all groups, being within normal physiological levels. However, haemoglobin concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in treatment group with respect to the control group in first trial. On the basis of current results, it can be established that leaf meal mixture can successfully be used to replace concentrate mixture up to 15% in the ration of goats without expecting any adverse impacts on their growth and overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ahmad Ganai
- Division of Animal Nutrition, F.V.Sc. & A.H., SKUAST-Jammu, Jammu, J & K, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Division of Animal Nutrition, F.V.Sc. & A.H., SKUAST-Jammu, Jammu, J & K, India
| | - Ankur Rastogi
- Division of Animal Nutrition, F.V.Sc. & A.H., SKUAST-Jammu, Jammu, J & K, India
| | - A K Pathak
- Division of Animal Nutrition, F.V.Sc. & A.H., SKUAST-Jammu, Jammu, J & K, India
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Chen W, Yan Q, Zhong R, Tan Z. Amino acid profiles, amino acid sensors and transporters expression and intestinal microbiota are differentially altered in goats infected with Haemonchus contortus. Amino Acids 2023; 55:371-384. [PMID: 36648537 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Infection with the nematode Haemonchus contortus causes host malnutrition and gastrointestinal injuries. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of H. contortus infection on gastrointestinal contents of free amino acids (AA), the expression of AA transporters and microbiota with a focus on amino acid metabolism. Twenty-four Xiangdong black goats (13 ± 1.5 kg, 6 months old) were randomly assigned into the control group (n = 8) and the infected group (n = 16). The results showed that H. contortus infection increased (P < 0.05) the free AA contents in jejunum and ileum digesta. The concentrations of blood threonine, phenylalanine and tyrosine were lower (P < 0.05) in the infected group as compared to the control group. In the jejunum and ileum epithelium, H. contortus infection significantly (P < 0.05) down-regulated the expression of AA transporter b0,+AT/rBAT and B0AT1, but up-regulated (P < 0.05) the expression of transporter CAT2 and xCT. Furthermore, microbiota in both jejunum (Bifidobacteriaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroidaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Micrococcaceae) and ileum (Acidaminococcaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Peptostreptococcaceae) were also altered at the family level by H. contortus infection. The commensal bacteria of jejunum showed a close correlation with amino acids, AA transporters, and amino acid metabolism, especially cystine. In conclusion, H. contortus infection affected the intestinal AA contents and the expression of intestinal AA transporters, suggesting altered AA metabolism and absorption, which were accompanied by changes in the relative abundances of gut bacteria that mediate amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongxian Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rongzhen Zhong
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Grassland Farming, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Computed tomography and radioactive 32P detected phosphorus impairment in metabolism, reduced bones density and animal performance caused by mixed infection of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis in sheep. Vet Parasitol 2023; 315:109887. [PMID: 36731211 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is one of the main minerals present in the animal body and exerts crucial functions in the organism. P is present at all cell membranes and integrates the structure of bones, being necessary its supplementation in ruminants due to the deficiency of this mineral in the pastures. One of the principal factors that compromise its metabolization are gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN). Thus, the objective of this study was evaluate the performance and metabolism of P through its distribution in the animal body, density of bones and muscles, dynamic fluxes, biological availability and half live of P, concentration of P in tissues and bones of lambs simultaneously infected with the most prevalent GIN to sheep, in tropical or subtropical areas, (Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis) using the isotopic dilution technique with 32P radioisotope. Twenty Santa Ines sheep with seven months of age and averaging initial weight of 30.8 ± 6.41 kg were used and allocated to one of two treatments. Ten animals were orally infected (a single dose of 30,000 L3 larvae of T. colubriformis + 10,000 L3 larvae of H. contortus), and ten animals were not infected (control group). During the experimental, samples of blood, feces, urine, and diet refusals were collected and weighting were performed. A computed tomography was performed twice, before infection and at the end of the experiment, to evaluate changes in body composition. On 64-d after experimental infection, animals received an intravenous injection of 32P solution, and 7-d after they received radioisotope injection. The experimental animals were slaughtered, and tissue and bones were collected for P concentrations. The results showed that the parasitic infection compromised the absorption of P, impairing the metabolism, decreasing the mineral bioavailability increasing P bones reabsorption, and reducing bones density, also negatively compromising the infected animal performance.
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Ngámbi JW, Selapa MJ, Brown D, Manyelo TG. The effect of varying levels of purified condensed tannins on performance, blood profile, meat quality and methane emission in male Bapedi sheep fed grass hay and pellet-based diet. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:263. [PMID: 35960378 PMCID: PMC9374631 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the effect of purified condensed tannin inclusion levels in a diet on production, haematological indices, blood biochemical components, meat quality and methane emission by yearling indigenous male Bapedi sheep on a grass hay and sheep pellet-based diet in a 28-day trial. The diets contained similar (P > 0.05) nutrients but with different (P < 0.05) purified condensed tannin supplementation levels. A complete randomized design was used. Twenty-four yearling male Bapedi sheep were assigned to four dietary treatments having different purified condensed tannin levels of 0 (GH80P20PCT0), 30 (GH80P20PCT30), 40 (GH80P20PCT40) and 50 (GH80P20PCT50) g/kg DM. A quadratic type of equation was also used to determine condensed tannin supplementation levels for optimal performance and methane emission reduction by sheep. Supplementing diets with purified condensed tannins did not affect (P > 0.05) diet intake, digestibility and live weight gain of male Bapedi sheep. Supplementing diets with purified condensed tannins did not affect (P > 0.05) blood components of male Bapedi sheep. Inclusion of condensed tannins in the diets did not affect (P > 0.05) Bapedi sheep meat pH and sensory attributes. However, supplementing diets with purified condensed tannins decreased (P < 0.05) methane emission by 51 to 60%. A 49.08 g supplementation level with purified condensed tannins per kg DM diet was calculated, with the use of quadratic equations, to result in the lowest methane emission by male Bapedi sheep. The meat of male Bapedi rams on diets containing 30, 40 or 50 g of purified condensed tannins per kg DM contained higher (P < 0.05) antioxidant activities than those from rams fed a diet without purified condensed tannins. These results indicate that purified condensed tannin supplementation levels of 0, 30, 40 or 50 g/kg DM diet had no adverse effects on growth performance, blood profiles and meat sensory attributes of male Bapedi sheep. However, supplementation levels of 30, 40 or 50 g of purified condensed tannins per kg DM diet reduced methane emission by 51 to 60%, and increased sheep meat antioxidant activity values. Supplementing diets with purified condensed tannins has the potential to reduce methane production and emission by sheep. However, long-term studies are recommended to ascertain the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Ngámbi
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, Polokwane, 0727, South Africa
| | - M J Selapa
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, Polokwane, 0727, South Africa
| | - D Brown
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, Polokwane, 0727, South Africa
| | - T G Manyelo
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, Polokwane, 0727, South Africa.
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The Effect of Phytonutrients in Terminalia chebula Retz. on Rumen Fermentation Efficiency, Nitrogen Utilization, and Protozoal Population in Goats. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162022. [PMID: 36009612 PMCID: PMC9404407 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Terminalia chebula meal (TCM) supplementation on digestibility, rumen fermentation, nitrogen utilization, and protozoal population in goats. Eight goats with an initial body weight (BW) of 13 ± 3.0 kg were randomly assigned according to a double 4 × 4 Latin square design to receive different levels of TCM supplementation at 0, 8, 16, and 24 g/kg of total dry matter (DM) intake, respectively. The goats were fed with concentrate diets at 13 g/kg BW, while rice straw was used as a roughage source, fed ad libitum. The results revealed that the feed intake and the apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were similar among the treatments (p > 0.05). However, crude protein (CP) digestibility decreased significantly (p < 0.05) when supplemented with TCM at 24 g/kg of total DM intake (p < 0.05). The addition of TCM did not change the ruminal pH and blood urea nitrogen concentrations (p > 0.05), whereas the concentration of NH3-N at 4 h post feeding was reduced with the inclusion of TCM at 16 and 24 g/kg of total DM intake. The total numbers of bacteria were enhanced by the addition of TCM, while the protozoal population, in both entodiniomorph and holotrich, was reduced (p < 0.05). The supplementation of TCM did not change the concentration of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), acetic acid, or butyric acid, while the propionic acid concentration at 4-h post feeding increased significantly, especially when supplemented at 16 g/kg of total DM intake (p < 0.05. In addition, urinary nitrogen (N) excretion decreased, while fecal N excretion, N absorption, N retention, and the proportion of N retention to N intake increased with the inclusion of TCM at all levels. In summary, the inclusion of TCM could improve rumen fermentation efficiency and N balance without having an adverse effect on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and rumen ecology; however, the protozoal population decreased. Therefore, this study suggests that TCM (16 g/kg of total DM intake) could be used as a plant source for rumen enhancement in goats fed a diet based on rice straw without having an adverse effect on feed intake or nutrient digestion. However, further studies on the production of types of meat and milk that have a long-term feeding trial should be carried out.
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Méndez-Ortiz FA, Sandoval-Castro CA, Sarmiento-Franco LA, Ventura-Cordero J, González-Pech PG, Vargas-Magaña JJ, Torres-Acosta JFJ. Impact of Dietary Condensed Tannins and Haemonchus contortus Infection in Growing Sheep: Effects on Nutrient Intake, Digestibility, and the Retention of Energy and Nitrogen. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:196-206. [PMID: 34264442 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00441-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A controlled study evaluated the effect of condensed tannins (CT) from Gymnopodium floribundum leaf meal (GF), infection with Haemonchus contortus (I) and their interaction, on feed intake, diet digestibility and retention of N (NR) and energy (ER) in hair sheep lambs. METHODS Thirty-six, worm-free hair sheep lambs (14.9 ± 1.56 kg body weight) were housed in metabolic cages. Eighteen animals were infected with 6000 H. contortus L3, while other 18 lambs were kept non-infected. On day 28th post-infection (PI), infected lambs were assigned to three diet groups: a diet without GF (I-NONGF), a diet with GF (I + GF) and a diet with GF + polyethylene glycol (PEG) (I + GF + PEG). Non-infected (NI) lambs were assigned to similar diet groups: NI-NONGF, NI + GF and NI + GF + PEG. The packed cell volume (% PCV), ante-mortem faecal egg counts and post-mortem worm burdens were also evaluated. RESULTS Infection did not affect digestibility, NR and ER. Meanwhile, CT intake from the GF diet reduced the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein, as well as NR, compared to lambs consuming the NONGF and GF + PEG diets (P < 0.05). Although, the digestible energy was similar between lambs consuming NONGF and GF + PEG diets, the ER was higher for lambs consuming the control NONGF diet. Diets did not affect the PCV, or the ante-mortem and post-mortem parasitological variables. CONCLUSION The costs on N and energy metabolism were mainly associated with the CT content of the GF diet, but other features of the diet such as the high lignin content, seemed to affect animals consuming GF meal. Meanwhile, the H. contortus infection had a non-significant impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Méndez-Ortiz
- Escuela Superior de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Calle 53 S/N, Col. Unidad, Esfuerzo y Trabajo #2, Escárcega, CP 24350, Campeche, Mexico
| | - C A Sandoval-Castro
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, CP 97315, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - L A Sarmiento-Franco
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, CP 97315, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - J Ventura-Cordero
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5BL, UK
| | - P G González-Pech
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, CP 97315, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - J J Vargas-Magaña
- Escuela Superior de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Calle 53 S/N, Col. Unidad, Esfuerzo y Trabajo #2, Escárcega, CP 24350, Campeche, Mexico
| | - J F J Torres-Acosta
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, CP 97315, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Atiba EM, Li Y, Cheng W, Li Y, Sun N, Sun Z, Zhong Q. Dietary protein degradability effect on performance of lambs experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:381. [PMID: 34195890 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02822-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of dietary protein degradation rate on growth performance and immune response of crossbred Dorper × short-tail Han ram lambs experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Eighteen lambs were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments, rapidly degradable protein (RDP), moderately degradable protein (MDP), and slowly degradable protein (SDP) diets. Feed intake and body weight of the lambs were recorded weekly until 42 days post-infection. The fecal egg count (FEC), FAMACHA scores, and immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM and IgA) were also monitored during the experimental period. A metabolic trial was conducted to assess apparent digestibility and volatile fatty acids were also determined. The lambs in SDP and MDP groups had higher feed, nutrient intake, weight gain, and feed efficiency than those in the RDP group. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the lambs in RDP group was higher than those in the SDP and MDP groups. A significant (P < 0.001) decrease in FEC was observed in the SDP and MDP groups. Dietary treatment had no significant effect on FAMACHA scores and concentration of serum antibodies. Concentration of acetic acid was higher (P < 0.013) in the lambs fed RDP than those fed the SDP and MDP diets. The lambs fed SDP diet had higher apparent digestibility than those fed the RDP diet. The poor performances in RDP group could be overcome by including SDP that ensures adequate post-ruminal protein supply reaching the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel M Atiba
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province , People's Republic of China
- Department of Animal Production, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Juba, P.O. Box 82, Juba, South Sudan
| | - Yunfei Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenge Cheng
- Biological Research Institute of Jilin Province, 1244 Qianjin Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Ningning Sun
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Zewei Sun
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province , People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingzhen Zhong
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province , People's Republic of China
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Čobanová K, Váradyová Z, Grešáková Ľ, Kucková K, Mravčáková D, Várady M. Does Herbal and/or Zinc Dietary Supplementation Improve the Antioxidant and Mineral Status of Lambs with Parasite Infection? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1172. [PMID: 33255492 PMCID: PMC7761366 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feed supplementation with a medicinal herbs mixture (Hmix) and organic zinc (Zn), alone or in combination, on the antioxidant responses and mineral status of lambs infected with the gastrointestinal nematode parasite Haemonchus contortus. A total of 24 experimentally infected lambs were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (n = 6). The diets included an unsupplemented control diet (CON) and the CON further supplemented with Hmix, Zn, or both Hmix + Zn. Antioxidant enzymes activities, lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and microelement (Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn) concentrations were analyzed in serum, liver, kidney, and intestinal mucosa. Zinc treatment elevated the superoxide dismutase activities in the duodenal mucosa and ileal TAC. Intake of Hmix resulted in higher kidney and ileal catalase activity and also influenced the TAC of the liver and intestinal mucosa. The inclusion of Hmix or Zn alone into the diet increased glutathione peroxidase activity in the blood, liver and duodenal mucosa. Tissue mineral uptake was not affected by herbal supplementation. Organic Zn intake increased the serum and liver Zn levels and influenced the Cu concentration in duodenal mucosa. Dietary supplementation with Hmix and/or Zn might promote the antioxidant status of lambs infected with Haemonchus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Čobanová
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (Z.V.); (Ľ.G.); (K.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Zora Váradyová
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (Z.V.); (Ľ.G.); (K.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Ľubomíra Grešáková
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (Z.V.); (Ľ.G.); (K.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Katarína Kucková
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (Z.V.); (Ľ.G.); (K.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Dominika Mravčáková
- Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (Z.V.); (Ľ.G.); (K.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Marián Várady
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
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The Potential Effect of Dietary Tannins on Enteric Methane Emission and Ruminant Production, as an Alternative to Antibiotic Feed Additives – A Review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Antibiotic growth promoters in livestock nutrition cause microbial resistance which produces threats to human health. Therefore, tannins have been considered as natural alternative antibiotic feed additives which possess various biological properties including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory. Additionally, these plants also have antiparasitic and anti-bloat characteristics which contribute to inhibit the enteric methane emission in order to improve nutrient digestibility, milk and meat quality, fatty acids composition and ruminant production. Antibiotic growth promoters have been practiced in animals feeding to increase feed intake, growth rate, weight gain as well as reduce metabolic disorders and energy losses in the rumen. In 2006, the European Union banned the usage of antibiotic growth promoters in the feeding of livestock. This antibiotic resistance issue has increased demand to explore the natural feed additives that might be useful for animal production system. Consequently, natural forages have been categorized as potential feed additives in animal production since it improves nutritive value, protein digestibility, increase amino acid absorption and growth rate. But, some plant materials are usually rich in tannins known as anti-nutritional factors. Therefore, the application of tannin-rich plants in ruminant nutrition needs great precaution due to its possible injurious effects (dose dependent) on animal health such as metabolic disorders. Hence, there is need to give attention to the usage of tannins in ruminant nutrition as an alternative to antibiotics feed additives to investigate its effects on enteric methane emissions and ruminants production. In addition, safety and risk associated with tannins feeding have also been briefly discussed.
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Lopes LG, Silva MH, Figueiredo A, Canuto KM, Brito ES, Ribeiro PRV, Souza ASQ, Barioni-Júnior W, Esteves SN, Chagas ACS. The intake of dry cashew apple fiber reduced fecal egg counts in Haemonchus contortus-infected sheep. Exp Parasitol 2018; 195:38-43. [PMID: 30393118 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Helminthiasis is a common disease in which parasite resistance is frequently caused by inadequate administration of anthelmintics in small ruminant production. Since phytotherapy may be an adjuvant for parasite control, we assessed whether the ingestion of cashew apple fiber (Anacardium occidentale) would reduce Haemonchus contortus infection in Santa Inês sheep. Twenty-one male sheep with mean age of 240 ± 9.7 days were dewormed, infected with 4000 L3 of H. contortus Embrapa2010 (day 0 - D0) and on D28 were divided into three equally sized experimental groups: 1) control (no treatment), 2) treated with anthelmintic (monepantel, 2.5 mg/kg PV) and 3) cashew apple fiber (0.3% BW) for 7 days of adaptation plus 28 days (D63). The animals were weighed weekly for diet adjustment and individual EPGs were performed twice a week. Corn silage was given ad libitum after each animal had eaten all the cashew apple fiber, which always occurred due to its palatable flavor. The silage, cashew apple fiber and leftovers were weighed daily and the samples were analyzed for dry matter. In cashew apple fiber, the total polyphenol contents were determined spectrophotometrically and the phenol compounds were identified by LC-MS. Cashew apple fiber contained 93.6% DM, 13.0% CP, 68.7% NDF, 47.6% FDA, 1.3% MM, 1.9% EE and 22.3% LIG. Twenty phenolic compounds were detected, among them phenolic acids and flavonoids, including glycosylated ones. The general EPG averages were statistically different among control, anthelmintic and cashew groups (3449, 14 and 2070, respectively), while the mean total weight gain did not differ (3.21, 3.20 and 1.94 kg, respectively) (p < 0.05). In relation to the control group, the anthelmintic showed efficacy of 99.6% and the cashew apple fiber 40.8%. Phenolic compounds appear to play an important role in the anthelmintic activity of cashew apple fiber. Thus, its use as an adjuvant in the control of H. contortus can be encouraged in regions where it is available at low cost, mitigating the use of veterinary drugs, reducing environmental contamination by agroindustrial residues and promoting the more sustainable production of small ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louyse G Lopes
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, UNICEP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus H Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, UNICEP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Figueiredo
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Edy S Brito
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Laurenson YCSM, Kahn LP. A mathematical model to predict the risk arising from the pasture infectivity of four nematode species in Australia. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an17777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal parasites cost the Australian sheep industry AU$436 million annually. Early warning of impending worm risk may reduce this cost by providing producers with sufficient time to implement control strategies. A biophysical model was developed to simulate the on-pasture lifecycle stages of the four predominant nematode species in Australia (Haemonchus contortus, Teladorsagia circumcincta, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Trichostrongylus vitrinus). The influence of climatic variables (temperature and water availability) on the survival, development and migration of each lifecycle stage was incorporated and parameterised to available point estimates (H. contortus: R2 = 0.88, n = 1409; T. circumcincta: R2 = 0.56, n = 243; T. colubriformis: R2 = 0.61, n = 355; T. vitrinus: R2 = 0.66, n = 147). Constant fecundities (eggs/worm.day) provided the daily quantity of eggs deposited per sheep (H. contortus = 3275; T. circumcincta = 140; T. colubriformis = 300; T. vitrinus = 300). Farm management practices were considered via the specification of stocking rates (sheep/ha), and the administration of anthelmintic treatments (reducing egg deposition by a defined efficacy and duration for each nematode species). Pasture infectivity per nematode species was calculated as the quotient of larvae on herbage and herbage availability (t/ha). Risk was calculated as the product of pasture infectivity and the potential productive impact of each nematode species (H. contortus = 3.9%; T. circumcincta = 9.22%; T. colubriformis = 9.31%; T. vitrinus = 9.31%), and then summed across nematode species. This predictive model has been incorporated into the Sheep CRC’s ‘ASKBILL’ application (www.askbill.com.au, verified 13 April 2018), which uses 90-day weather forecast data (5-km grid resolution) provided by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology.
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Pathak AK, Dutta N, Pattanaik AK, Chaturvedi VB, Sharma K. Effect of condensed tannins from Ficus infectoria and Psidium guajava leaf meal mixture on nutrient metabolism, methane emission and performance of lambs. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 30:1702-1710. [PMID: 28728376 PMCID: PMC5666173 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective The study examined the effect of condensed tannins (CT) containing Ficus infectoria and Psidium guajava leaf meal mixture (LMM) supplementation on nutrient metabolism, methane emission and performance of lambs. Methods Twenty four lambs of ~6 months age (average body weight 10.1±0.60 kg) were randomly divided into 4 dietary treatments (CT-0, CT-1, CT-1.5, and CT-2 containing 0, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 percent CT through LMM, respectively) consisting of 6 lambs each in a completely randomized design. All the lambs were offered a basal diet of wheat straw ad libitum, oat hay (100 g/d) along with required amount of concentrate mixture to meet their nutrient requirements for a period of 6 months. After 3 months of experimental feeding, a metabolism trial of 6 days duration was conducted on all 24 lambs to determine nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance. Urinary excretion of purine derivatives and microbial protein synthesis were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Respiration chamber study was started at the mid of 5th month of experimental feeding trial. Whole energy balance trials were conducted on individual lamb one after the other, in an open circuit respiration calorimeter. Results Intake of dry matter and organic matter (g/d) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in CT-1.5 than control. Digestibility of various nutrients did not differ irrespective of treatments. Nitrogen retention and microbial nitrogen synthesis (g/d) was significantly (p<0.01) higher in CT-1.5 and CT-2 groups relative to CT-0. Total body weight gain (kg) and average daily gain (g) were significantly (linear, p<0.01) higher in CT-1.5 followed by CT-1 and CT-0, respectively. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) by lambs was significantly (linear, p<0.01) better in CT-1.5 followed by CT-2 and CT-0, respectively. Total wool yield (g; g/d) was linearly (p<0.05) higher for CT-1.5 than CT-0. Methane emission was linearly decreased (p<0.05) in CT groups and reduction was highest (p<0.01) in CT-2 followed by CT-1.5 and CT-1. Methane energy (kcal/d) was linearly decreased (p<0.05) in CT groups. Conclusion The CT supplementation at 1% to 2% of the diet through Ficus infectoria and Psidium guajava LMM significantly improved nitrogen metabolism, growth performance, wool yield, FCR and reduced methane emission by lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Pathak
- Faculty of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Jammu, R. S. Pura, Jammu 181102, India
| | - Narayan Dutta
- Centre of Advanced Faculty Training in Animal Nutrition, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, India
| | - A K Pattanaik
- Centre of Advanced Faculty Training in Animal Nutrition, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, India
| | - V B Chaturvedi
- Centre of Advanced Faculty Training in Animal Nutrition, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, India
| | - K Sharma
- ATS Greens Paradiso, Sector Chi 04, Greater Noida-201310, India
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Panzella L, Napolitano A. Natural Phenol Polymers: Recent Advances in Food and Health Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:E30. [PMID: 28420078 PMCID: PMC5488010 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural phenol polymers are widely represented in nature and include a variety of classes including tannins and lignins as the most prominent. Largely consumed foods are rich sources of phenol polymers, notably black foods traditionally used in East Asia, but other non-edible, easily accessible sources, e.g., seaweeds and wood, have been considered with increasing interest together with waste materials from agro-based industries, primarily grape pomace and other byproducts of fruit and coffee processing. Not in all cases were the main structural components of these materials identified because of their highly heterogeneous nature. The great beneficial effects of natural phenol-based polymers on human health and their potential in improving the quality of food were largely explored, and this review critically addresses the most interesting and innovative reports in the field of nutrition and biomedicine that have appeared in the last five years. Several in vivo human and animal trials supported the proposed use of these materials as food supplements and for amelioration of the health and production of livestock. Biocompatible and stable functional polymers prepared by peroxidase-catalyzed polymerization of natural phenols, as well as natural phenol polymers were exploited as conventional and green plastic additives in smart packaging and food-spoilage prevention applications. The potential of natural phenol polymers in regenerative biomedicine as additives of biomaterials to promote growth and differentiation of osteoblasts is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Panzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cintia 4, Naples I-80126, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Napolitano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cintia 4, Naples I-80126, Italy.
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PATIL SS, SHARMA K, DUTTA NARAYAN, PATTANAIK AK. Intake, nutrient utilization and growth performance of lambs fed detoxified Jatropha curcas meal. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v87i3.68874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The study assessed the effect of dietary supplementation of detoxified Jatropha meal (DJM) on feed intake, nutrient utilization and growth performance of lambs. Growing lambs (24) of similar age and body weight (15.76±1.92kg) were selected for this study. The experimental lambs were allocated in four groups i.e. control group (CG) without DJM and replacing soybean meal (SBM) of CG with DJM on iso-nitrogenous basis in treatment groups (TG) by 12.5% (T1), 25% (T2) and 37.5% (T3). The feeding cum growth trial was conducted for a period of 180 days. The intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF were comparable between CG and TGs. Nutrient intake, DCP, TDN, Nitrogen (N) intake, excretion and retention were comparable between CG and TGs. Replacement of SBM with DJM even up to 37.5% did not show any significant impact on urinary excretion of total purine derivatives (PD), creatinine (C) and their ratio. Microbial N synthesis (g/d) and efficiency of microbial N synthesis of CG were comparable irrespective of DJM%. The initial and final body weights (BW) of lambs between CG and TGs were also comparable. Total BW gain (kg), average daily gain (ADG; g d-1) and feed conversion ratio (kg DM/kg gain) by lambs did not differ significantly between CG and TGs. The study concluded that SBM in the diet of lambs could be replaced by DJM up to 37.5% without any adverse impact on nutrient intake, digestibility, rumen microflora and growth of the lambs.
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De K, Swarnkar CP, Singh D, Prince LLL. Comparative physiological responses of stress in sheep selected for resistance or susceptibility toHaemonchus contortusin semi-arid tropical region during different seasons. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2016.1234802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Hoste H, Torres-Acosta JFJ, Quijada J, Chan-Perez I, Dakheel MM, Kommuru DS, Mueller-Harvey I, Terrill TH. Interactions Between Nutrition and Infections With Haemonchus contortus and Related Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Small Ruminants. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2016; 93:239-351. [PMID: 27238007 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between host nutrition and feeding behaviour are central to understanding the pathophysiological consequences of infections of the digestive tract with parasitic nematodes. The manipulation of host nutrition provides useful options to control gastrointestinal nematodes as a component of an integrated strategy. Focussed mainly on the Haemonchus contortus infection model in small ruminants, this chapter (1) illustrates the relationship between quantitative (macro- and micro-nutrients) and qualitative (plant secondary metabolites) aspects of host nutrition and nematode infection, and (2) shows how basic studies aimed at addressing some generic questions can help to provide solutions, despite the considerable diversity of epidemiological situations and breeding systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hoste
- INRA, UMR 1225 IHAP, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - J Quijada
- INRA, UMR 1225 IHAP, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - I Chan-Perez
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - M M Dakheel
- University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - D S Kommuru
- Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, United States
| | | | - T H Terrill
- Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, United States
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17
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Singh S, Pathak AK, Sharma RK, Khan M. Effect of tanniferous leaf meal based multi-nutrient blocks on feed intake, hematological profile, immune response, and body weight changes in Haemonchus contortus infected goats. Vet World 2016; 8:572-9. [PMID: 27047137 PMCID: PMC4774715 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.572-579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim was to assess the effect of multi nutrient block (MNB) supplementation with and without tanniferous leaf meal mixture on feed intake, hematological profile, immune response, and body weight changes of goats that were experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus. Materials and Methods: Total 12 adult male goats of similar age and body weight (26.49±0.87) were allocated in 3 groups in completely randomized design. MNB supplemented in first two groups i.e. in T1 (no infection) and T2 (H. contortus infection @ 1500 L3/goat) group, while, MNB-condensed tannin (CT) supplemented in T3 (H. contortus infection @ 1500 L3/goat + CT source). All goats were fed concentrate mixture @ 100 g/day/goat, ad lib wheat straw and MNB or MNB-CT to meet their requirement for maintenance. Body weights were recorded and blood and fecal samples were collected at 0 day and thereafter at 15 days intervals for a period of 75 days for the assessment of body weight changes, hematological profile and H. contortus loads. Both humoral and cell-mediated immune (CMI) response were assessed at the end of feeding trial. Results: Mean hemoglobin and packed cell volume (PCV) levels were found to be highest (p<0.001, p<0.05) in T1 group followed by T3 group and lowest values were observed in T2 group. However, The PCV values between T1 and T3 groups were found to be statistically non-significant (p<0.05). The humoral and CMI response were significantly (p<0.036) higher in T3 group as compared to T2 group. MNB-CT supplementation significantly (p<0.001) reduced fecal egg counts in T3 group as compared to MNB supplemented T2 group. Conclusion: Supplementation of MNB-CT could be used as an alternative sustainable method to control H. contortus and maintained health status and performance of goats in face of parasitic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surender Singh
- Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & AH, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology of Jammu, R. S. Pura-181 102, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - A K Pathak
- Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & AH, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology of Jammu, R. S. Pura-181 102, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - R K Sharma
- Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & AH, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology of Jammu, R. S. Pura-181 102, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Muzaffer Khan
- Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & AH, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology of Jammu, R. S. Pura-181 102, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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18
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Gunun P, Wanapat M, Gunun N, Cherdthong A, Sirilaophaisan S, Kaewwongsa W. Effects of Condensed Tannins in Mao (Antidesma thwaitesianum Muell. Arg.) Seed Meal on Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Nitrogen Utilization in Goats. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 29:1111-9. [PMID: 26954153 PMCID: PMC4932564 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mao seed is a by-product of the wine and juice industry, which could be used in animal nutrition. The current study was designed to determine the effect of supplementation of mao (Antidesma thwaitesianum Muell. Arg.) seed meal (MOSM) containing condensed tannins (CT) on rumen fermentation, nitrogen (N) utilization and microbial protein synthesis in goats. Four crossbred (Thai Native×Anglo Nubian) goats with initial body weight (BW) 20±2 kg were randomly assigned to a 4×4 Latin square design. The four dietary treatments were MOSM supplementation at 0%, 0.8%, 1.6%, and 2.4% of total dry matter (DM) intake, respectively. During the experimental periods, all goats were fed a diet containing roughage to concentrate ratio of 60:40 at 3.0% BW/d and pangola grass hay was used as a roughage source. Results showed that supplementation with MOSM did not affect feed intake, nutrient intakes and apparent nutrient digestibility (p>0.05). In addition, ruminal pH and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) were not influenced by MOSM supplementation, whilst blood urea nitrogen was decreased quadraticly (p<0.05) in goats supplemented with MOSM at 2.4% of total DM intake. Propionate was increased linearly with MOSM supplementation, whereas acetate and butyrate were remained the same. Moreover, estimated ruminal methane (CH4) was decreased linearly (p<0.05) when goats were fed with MOSM at 1.6% and 2.4% of total DM intake. Numbers of bacteria and protozoa were similar among treatments (p>0.05). There were linear decreases in urinary N (p<0.01) and total N excretion (p<0.01) by MOSM supplementation. Furthermore, N retention was increased linearly (p<0.05) when goats were fed with MOSM supplementation at 1.6% and 2.4% of total DM intake. Microbial protein synthesis were not significantly different among treatments (p>0.05). From the current study, it can be concluded that supplementation of MOSM at 1.6% to 2.4% of total DM intake can be used to modify ruminal fermentation, especially propionate and N utilization in goats, without affecting the nutrient digestibility, microbial populations and microbial protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gunun
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology-Isan, Sakon Nakhon Campus, Phangkhon, Sakon Nakhon 47160, Thailand
| | - M Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - N Gunun
- Program in Animal Production Technology, Faculty of Technology, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani 41000, Thailand
| | - A Cherdthong
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - S Sirilaophaisan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology-Isan, Sakon Nakhon Campus, Phangkhon, Sakon Nakhon 47160, Thailand
| | - W Kaewwongsa
- Program in Animal Production Technology, Faculty of Technology, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani 41000, Thailand
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Acharya M, Burke JM, Coffey KP, Kegley EB, Miller JE, Huff GR, Smyth E, Terrill TH, Mosjidis JA, Rosenkrans C. Changes in hematology, serum biochemistry, and gastrointestinal nematode infection in lambs fed sericea lespedeza with or without dietary sodium molybdate1,2. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:1952-61. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Acharya
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - J. M. Burke
- USDA, ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, Booneville, AR 72927
| | - K. P. Coffey
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - E. B. Kegley
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - J. E. Miller
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803
| | - G. R. Huff
- USDA, ARS, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - E. Smyth
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
- USDA, ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, Booneville, AR 72927
| | - T. H. Terrill
- Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA 31030
| | - J. A. Mosjidis
- Department of Agronomy and Soils, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - C. Rosenkrans
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
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Kondo M, Hirano Y, Kita K, Jayanegara A, Yokota HO. Fermentation Characteristics, Tannin Contents and In vitro Ruminal Degradation of Green Tea and Black Tea By-products Ensiled at Different Temperatures. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 27:937-45. [PMID: 25050034 PMCID: PMC4093564 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Green and black tea by-products, obtained from ready-made tea industry, were ensiled at 10°C, 20°C, and 30°C. Green tea by-product silage (GTS) and black tea by-product silage (BTS) were opened at 5, 10, 45 days after ensiling. Fermentation characteristics and nutrient composition, including tannins, were monitored and the silages on day 45 were subjected to in vitro ruminal fermentation to assess anti-nutritive effects of tannins using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a tannin-binding agent. Results showed that the GTS and BTS silages were stable and fermented slightly when ensiled at 10°C. The GTS stored at 20°C and 30°C showed rapid pH decline and high acetic acid concentration. The BTS was fermented gradually with moderate change of pH and acid concentration. Acetic acid was the main acid product of fermentation in both GTS and BTS. The contents of total extractable phenolics and total extractable tannins in both silages were unaffected by storage temperatures, but condensed tannins in GTS were less when stored at high temperature. The GTS showed no PEG response on in vitro gas production, and revealed only a small increase by PEG on NH3-N concentration. Storage temperature of GTS did not affect the extent of PEG response to both gas production and NH3-N concentration. On the other hand, addition of PEG on BTS markedly increased both the gas production and NH3-N concentration at any ensiled temperature. It can be concluded that tannins in both GTS and BTS suppressed rumen fermentation, and tannins in GTS did more weakly than that in BTS. Ensiling temperature for both tea by-products did not affect the tannin’s activity in the rumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kondo
- Department of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan ; Nagoya University Farm, Nagoya University, Togo, Aichi 470-0151, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hirano
- Nagoya University Farm, Nagoya University, Togo, Aichi 470-0151, Japan . ; Department of Health and Nutrition, Tokai Gakuen University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8514, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kita
- Nagoya University Farm, Nagoya University, Togo, Aichi 470-0151, Japan . ; Department of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Hiro-Omi Yokota
- Nagoya University Farm, Nagoya University, Togo, Aichi 470-0151, Japan
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