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Evelyn Purnomo F, Sudjarwo SA, Kuncorojakti S, Puspitasari H, A’la R, Yasmin Wijaya A, Susilowati H, Diyantoro D, Triakoso N, Setiawan B, Abdul Rantam F. Analysis of IFN-γ and CD4+ responses in comorbid and adult immunized cynomolgus monkey with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate. RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND TECHNOLOGY 2023:4206-4212. [DOI: 10.52711/0974-360x.2023.00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Context: Vaccination as prevention to hold back the spread of COVID-19 is important since it is the most concerning health issue in the last decade. Inactivated vaccine platforms considered safer, especially for elderly and comorbid patients. Comorbidities especially Tuberculosis and Hepatitis B, has a major impact to COVID-19 infections and vaccination. To evaluate infections or vaccine response IFN- γ and CD4+ are important. IFN-γ has a role in antiviral innate response, including initiation of other cytokines, increasing MHC expression, increasing presentation of macrophage, and increasing presentation of antigen to T cell Naïve. CD4+ is associated with humoral immune response. Cynomolgus Monkey or known as Macaca fascicularis. Specifying to comorbid patients, adult Macaca fascicularis that are detected to have hepatitis B and Tuberculosis (TBC) by PCR were treated as a comorbid group. Adult Macaca fascicularis that used in this research have range from 6 to 9 years old. This study was analysed with SPSS 26 general linear model repeated measures analysis with p<0.05 Objectives: To evaluate IFN- γ and CD4+ response of vaccination Result: The result of this study showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in IFN-γ and CD4+ evaluation in both comorbid and adult groups. The elevating concentration and percentage could be the sign of induced humoral and adaptive immune system in the body. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine candidate that used in this study can increase the number of IFN-γ concentration as well as percentage of CD4+ in adult and comorbid groups of Cynomolgus Macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Evelyn Purnomo
- Master’s Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Sri Agus Sudjarwo
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Division of Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Suryo Kuncorojakti
- Histology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Heni Puspitasari
- Research Center for Vaccine Technology and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Rofiqul A’la
- Research Center for Vaccine Technology and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Andi Yasmin Wijaya
- Research Center for Vaccine Technology and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Helen Susilowati
- Research Center for Vaccine Technology and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Diyantoro Diyantoro
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Nusdianto Triakoso
- Internal Medicine Department, Airlangga University Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Boedi Setiawan
- Clinical Surgery Department, Airlangga University Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Fedik Abdul Rantam
- Virology and Immunology Laboratory, Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
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Madkhali OA, Moni SS, Sultan MH, Bakkari MA, Almoshari Y, Shaheen ES, Alshammari A. Design and characterization of Lactotransferrin peptide-loaded dextran-docosahexaenoic acid nanoparticles: an immune modulator for hepatic damage. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13537. [PMID: 37598258 PMCID: PMC10439908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this research was to create injectable delivery formulations using Lactotransferrin (LTF) peptide-loaded dextran nanoparticles coated with docosahexaenoic acid. These nanoparticles, designated as LLDDNP, underwent a lyophilization process. The study encompassed a comprehensive investigation, including physicochemical characterization, in vivo assessment of biomarkers, and an examination of immune response through cytokine modulation. The zeta potential of LLDDNP was - 24.5 ± 12 mV, while their average particle size was 334.9 z.d.nm. The particles exhibited a conductivity of 2.10 mS/cm, while their mobility in the injectable dosage form was measured at - 3.65 µm cm/Vs. The scanning electron microscopy investigation, the lyophilization processes resulted in discrete particles forming particle aggregations. However, transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that LLDDNP is spherical and smooth. The thermogram showed that about 95% of LLDDNP's weight was lost at 270 °C, indicating that the particles are extremely thermal stable. The XRD analysis of LLDDNP exhibited clear and distinctive peaks at 2θ angles, specifically at 9.6°, 20.3°, 21.1°, 22°, 24.6°, 25.2°, 36°, and 44.08°, providing compelling evidence of the crystalline nature of the particles. According to proton NMR studies, the proton dimension fingerprint region of LLDDNP ranges from 1.00 to 1.03 ppm. The in vitro release of LTF from LLDDNP was found to follow zero-order kinetics, with a commendable R2 value of 0.942, indicating a consistent and predictable release pattern over time. The in vivo investigation revealed a significant impact of hepatotoxicity on the elevation of various cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8R, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ. Additionally, the presence of hepatotoxicity led to an increase in apoptosis markers, namely caspase 3 and caspase 9, as well as elevated levels of liver biomarkers such as CRP, ALP, ALT, and AST. In contrast, the treatment with LLDDNP modulated the levels of all biomarkers, including cytokines level in the treatment group extremely high significant at p < 0.001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A Madkhali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sivakumar S Moni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad H Sultan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ali Bakkari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yosif Almoshari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Lin MJ, Su TH, Liu CJ, Yang HC, Chen CL, Liou JM, Tseng TC, Liu CH, Hong CM, Chen PJ, Kao JH. Serum cytokine profiles predict outcomes of chronic hepatitis B patients discontinuing entecavir or tenofovir therapy. J Formos Med Assoc 2023; 122:564-573. [PMID: 36872131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Distinct hepatitis relapse has been observed after discontinuing entecavir (ETV) or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) therapy in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. End-of-therapy (EOT) serum cytokines were compared and used for outcome prediction. METHODS A total of 80 non-cirrhotic CHB patients in a tertiary medical center in Taiwan who discontinued ETV (n = 51) or TDF (n = 29) therapy after fulfilling the APASL guidelines were prospectively enrolled. Serum cytokines were measured at EOT and 3rd month afterwards. Multivariable analysis was performed to predict virological relapse (VR, HBV DNA >2000 IU/mL), clinical relapse (CR, VR and alanine aminotransferase > 2-fold upper limit of normal) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance. RESULTS Compared with TDF group, ETV stoppers had greater interleukin 5 (IL-5), IL-12 p70, IL-13, IL-17 A and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) (all P < 0.05) at EOT. Older age, TDF use, higher EOT HBsAg and IL-18 (Hazard ratio [HR], 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00-1.02) levels at EOT predicted VR, while older age, higher EOT HBsAg and IL-7 (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.00-1.56) levels predicted CR. In TDF stoppers, higher IL-7 (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.05-1.60) and IL-18 (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00-1.04) levels predicted VR, while IL-7 (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.08-1.65) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02-1.14) levels predicted CR. A lower EOT HBsAg level was associated with HBsAg seroclearance. CONCLUSION Distinct cytokine profiles were observed after stopping ETV or TDF. Higher EOT IL-7, IL-18, and IFN-gamma could be probable predictors for VR and CR in patients discontinuing NA therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ju Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hung Su
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Jen Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chih Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ling Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming Liou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Chung Tseng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hua Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Hong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jer Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Horng Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Tuncel B, Kaygusuz S, Sayın Kocakap DB, Aksoy E, Azkur AK. Do CCR5 (CCR5Δ32) and TLR3 (RS5743313) gene polymorphisms prevent chronic hepatitis B infection? J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28376. [PMID: 36478230 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is still a significant health problem in human. HBV severity or sensitivity of patients may be based on the individual genetic factors significantly. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of CCR5 (CCR5Δ32), TLR3 (rs5743313) functional gene polymorphisms, interferon-gamma (IFN-ɣ) level in HBV infection, which are thought to play an important role in innate and acquired immunity in patients who have undergone HBV seroconversion and those who have chronic hepatitis B disease and receive treatment. One hundred patients who are became naturally immune against HBV infection (HBsAg negative, anti-HBc IgG, and anti-HBs IgG positive), and 100 patients with chronic hepatitis B infection (>6 months HBsAg positive) who are receiving oral antiviral therapy were compared for CCR5Δ32, TLR3 (rs5743313) genotypes and serum IFN-ɣ level. It was found that CCR5Δ32 polymorphism (Wt/Δ32 and Δ32/Δ32) was significantly higher in the chronic hepatitis B group (p = 0.048) but not for TLR3 gene polymorphism. However, serum IFN-ɣ level was significantly higher in the HBV seroconversion group (75 ± 89 ng/ml) than in the chronic hepatitis B group (4.35 ± 17.27 ng/ml) (p < 0.001). In conclusion, a higher CCR5Δ32 allele frequency in patients with chronic hepatitis B might be considered as a marker of progression to chronic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burçin Tuncel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Türkiye
| | - Sedat Kaygusuz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Türkiye
| | | | - Emel Aksoy
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Kürşat Azkur
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Türkiye
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Dondeti MF, Abdelkhalek MS, El-Din Elezawy HM, Alsanie WF, Raafat BM, Gamal-Eldeen AM, Talaat RM. Association between interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) gene polymorphisms (+874A/T and +2109A/G), and susceptibility to hepatitis B viral infection (HBV). J Appl Biomed 2022; 20:37-43. [DOI: 10.32725/jab.2022.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Mohammed MM, Naif HM. Poly(Lactide- co-Glycolide) Nanoparticle-Mediated Vaccine Delivery of Encapsulated Surface Antigen Protein of Hepatitis B Virus Elicits Effective Immune Response. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:112-121. [PMID: 35020522 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B viral infection is one of the most important infectious diseases of the liver worldwide. Chronic infection with HBV often leads to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The currently licensed hepatitis B vaccine consists of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen adsorbed into aluminum adjuvant and administered in three doses over the course of 6 months. However, this vaccine requires invasive administration and requires multiple booster doses. To avoid these limitations, nanoparticle (NP)-based vaccines lent itself as efficient adjuvants and delivery systems for the development of new generation vaccines. The biodegradable synthetic polymeric NPs poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) was used in this study to formulate PLGA NPs encapsulated with hepatitis B surface protein to evaluate immune response in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. Formulation of HBP (HBV surface protein)-encapsulated PLGA (HB-nanovaccine [HB-NV]) was conducted by using double emulsion solvent evaporation technique (water-oil-water), which resulted in 94% encapsulation efficiency and 24% protein loading capacity. The resulted HB-NV had typical characteristics of spherical shape at an average size of 71.08 nm with higher densities and high stability dispersion of negatively charged NPs as assessed by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry, zeta potential, and Fourier-transform infrared. The immune response to HB-NV was measured in vitro in lymphocytes, showed significant increase in levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ, as well as in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts, with a dose-dependent effect, examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mais Mahmoud Mohammed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technologies, Medical Techniques College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hassan Mohammad Naif
- Department of Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
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