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Ahmed TM, Kawamoto S, Lopez-Ramirez F, Yasrab M, Hruban RH, Fishman EK, Chu LC. Early detection of pancreatic cancer in the era of precision medicine. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2024; 49:3559-3573. [PMID: 38761272 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-024-04358-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality and it is often diagnosed at advanced stages due to non-specific clinical presentation. Disease detection at localized disease stage followed by surgical resection remains the only potentially curative treatment. In this era of precision medicine, a multifaceted approach to early detection of PDAC includes targeted screening in high-risk populations, serum biomarkers and "liquid biopsies", and artificial intelligence augmented tumor detection from radiologic examinations. In this review, we will review these emerging techniques in the early detection of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha M Ahmed
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Satomi Kawamoto
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Felipe Lopez-Ramirez
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohammad Yasrab
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ralph H Hruban
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elliot K Fishman
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Linda C Chu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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2
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Maurer E, Lehman B, Matthäi E, Denzer U, Figiel J, Jesinghaus M, Slater EP, Stefenelli U, Gress TM, Bartsch DK. Pancreatic cancer screening is effective in individuals at risk with predisposing germline gene variants, but not in gene variant-negative familial pancreatic cancer families. United European Gastroenterol J 2024. [PMID: 39031472 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic yield of pancreatic cancer screening in individuals at risk (IAR) from familial pancreatic cancer (FPC) families with respect to the presence or absence of pathogenic germline variants predisposing to pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). DESIGN In a 20 years period, IAR from FPC families were enrolled in a prospective screening program of the national case collection for FPC of Germany, including magnet resonance imaging (MRI) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). The diagnostic yield was analyzed regarding significant pancreatic lesions such as PDAC, high-grade pancreatic-intraepithelial-neoplasia (PanIN3) and intraductal-papillary-mucinous-neoplasia (IPMN) with high-grade dysplasia. Screening results were compared between carriers of pathogenic variants and variant-negative IAR. RESULTS 337 IAR, including 74 (22%) variant-carriers and 263 IAR of variant-negative FPC families (mean age 49; standard deviation [SD] + 8.9) were followed 64 (SD + 55) months. IAR underwent 5.1 (SD + 3.9) screening visits with 1733 MRI (5.1,SD + 3.9 per IAR) and 728 EUS (2.2,SD + 1.7 per IAR). In 12 (4%) cases, significant pancreatic lesions were detected, including 4 PDAC, 3 PanIN3 and 5 high-grade IPMN. Three of 4 IAR with PDAC died after a mean of 27 months postoperatively, and one IAR is alive without evidence of disease after 31 months. The diagnostic yield for significant lesions was 13.5% (10/74) for variant carriers compared to 0.8% (2/263) for IAR of variant-negative FPC families (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that a negative variant status was almost always accompanied by the absence of a significant lesion over time with a negative predictive value of 99.2% (95% CI 97.3%-99.9%). CONCLUSION The diagnostic yield seems to justify PDAC screening in IAR of FPC-families with pathogenic germline variants in PDAC predisposing genes, not in IAR of variant-negative families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Maurer
- Department of Visceral-, Thoracic- and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Lehman
- Department of Visceral-, Thoracic- and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Elvira Matthäi
- Department of Visceral-, Thoracic- and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Denzer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infectiology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jens Figiel
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Jesinghaus
- Institute of Pathology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Emily P Slater
- Department of Visceral-, Thoracic- and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas M Gress
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infectiology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Detlef K Bartsch
- Department of Visceral-, Thoracic- and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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3
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Ayoub M, Faris C, Juranovic T, Chela H, Daglilar E. The Use of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Does Not Increase the Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A U.S.-Based Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1625. [PMID: 38730578 PMCID: PMC11082986 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GLP-1 RAs are widely used for T2DM treatment due to their cardiorenal and metabolic benefits. This study examines the risk of pancreatic cancer with GLP-1 RA use in patients with T2DM. METHODS We analyzed TriNetX's deidentified research database using the U.S. Collaborative Network comprising 62 healthcare organizations across the U.S.A. Patients with T2DM were split into two cohorts: one receiving GLP-1 RAs, and one not receiving GLP-1 RAs. We excluded patients with known risk factors for pancreatic cancer, including pancreatic cysts, a personal or family history of BRCA1, BRCA2, CDKN2A, KRAS, MEN1, MLH1, MSH2, NOTCH1, PALB2, PMS2, and PRSS1S genes, family history of pancreatic cancer, and VHL syndrome. Using a 1:1 propensity score-matching model based on baseline characteristics and comorbidities, we created comparable cohorts. We then compared the rate of pancreatic cancer between the two cohorts at a 7-year interval. RESULTS Out of 7,146,015 identified patients with T2DM, 10.3% were on a GLP-1 RA and 89.7% were not. Post-PSM, 721,110 patients were in each group. Patients on GLP-1 RAs had a 0.1% risk compared to a 0.2% risk of pancreatic cancer in the 7-year timeframe. CONCLUSION The use of GLP-1 RAs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) does not appear to substantially elevate the risk of pancreatic cancer; in fact, it may potentially exert a protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ayoub
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charleston Area Medical Center, West Virginia University, Charleston, WV 25304, USA;
| | - Carol Faris
- Department of General Surgery, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA;
| | - Tajana Juranovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charleston Area Medical Center, West Virginia University, Charleston, WV 25304, USA;
| | - Harleen Chela
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charleston Area Medical Center, West Virginia University, Charleston, WV 25304, USA
| | - Ebubekir Daglilar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charleston Area Medical Center, West Virginia University, Charleston, WV 25304, USA
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4
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Reshkin SJ, Cardone RA, Koltai T. Genetic Signature of Human Pancreatic Cancer and Personalized Targeting. Cells 2024; 13:602. [PMID: 38607041 PMCID: PMC11011857 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease with a 5-year survival rate of around 11-12%. Surgery, being the treatment of choice, is only possible in 20% of symptomatic patients. The main reason is that when it becomes symptomatic, IT IS the tumor is usually locally advanced and/or has metastasized to distant organs; thus, early diagnosis is infrequent. The lack of specific early symptoms is an important cause of late diagnosis. Unfortunately, diagnostic tumor markers become positive at a late stage, and there is a lack of early-stage markers. Surgical and non-surgical cases are treated with neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant chemotherapy, and the results are usually poor. However, personalized targeted therapy directed against tumor drivers may improve this situation. Until recently, many pancreatic tumor driver genes/proteins were considered untargetable. Chemical and physical characteristics of mutated KRAS are a formidable challenge to overcome. This situation is slowly changing. For the first time, there are candidate drugs that can target the main driver gene of pancreatic cancer: KRAS. Indeed, KRAS inhibition has been clinically achieved in lung cancer and, at the pre-clinical level, in pancreatic cancer as well. This will probably change the very poor outlook for this disease. This paper reviews the genetic characteristics of sporadic and hereditary predisposition to pancreatic cancer and the possibilities of a personalized treatment according to the genetic signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan J. Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Tomas Koltai
- Oncomed, Via Pier Capponi 6, 50132 Florence, Italy
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Mongardini FM, Nazzaro L, Fuschillo G, D'Alelio A, Gambardella C, Docimo L, Lauro A, Landolfi V. Gentle Giant? Giant Gastric Solitary Peutz-Jeghers Polyp. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:349-354. [PMID: 38183558 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Solitary hamartomatous polyps with identical pathological features of the typical hamartomas of the Peutz-Jegher syndrome are extremely rare. These solitary lesions lack the associated intestinal polyposis, classic mucocutaneous pigmentation, and family history typifying the Peutz-Jegher syndrome. We describe the case of a 31-year-old woman with a giant solitary gastric hamartoma endoscopically diagnosed and laparoscopically resected.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Mongardini
- Division of General, Oncological, Mini-Invasive and Obesity Surgery, University of Study of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - L Nazzaro
- Division of General, Oncological, Mini-Invasive and Obesity Surgery, University of Study of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - G Fuschillo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Colorectal Surgery, University of Study of Campania «Luigi Vanvitelli», 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - A D'Alelio
- Division of General, Oncological, Mini-Invasive and Obesity Surgery, University of Study of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - C Gambardella
- Division of General, Oncological, Mini-Invasive and Obesity Surgery, University of Study of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - L Docimo
- Division of General, Oncological, Mini-Invasive and Obesity Surgery, University of Study of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - A Lauro
- Department of Surgery, Sapienza University, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - V Landolfi
- General Surgery Unit, "St. Giuseppe Moscati" Hospital of National Relevance and High Specialty, 83100, Avellino, Italy
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6
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Koltai T. Earlier Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer: Is It Possible? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4430. [PMID: 37760400 PMCID: PMC10526520 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has a very high mortality rate which has been only minimally improved in the last 30 years. This high mortality is closely related to late diagnosis, which is usually made when the tumor is large and has extensively infiltrated neighboring tissues or distant metastases are already present. This is a paradoxical situation for a tumor that requires nearly 15 years to develop since the first founding mutation. Response to chemotherapy under such late circumstances is poor, resistance is frequent, and prolongation of survival is almost negligible. Early surgery has been, and still is, the only approach with a slightly better outcome. Unfortunately, the relapse percentage after surgery is still very high. In fact, early surgery clearly requires early diagnosis. Despite all the advances in diagnostic methods, the available tools for improving these results are scarce. Serum tumor markers permit a late diagnosis, but their contribution to an improved therapeutic result is very limited. On the other hand, effective screening methods for high-risk populations have not been fully developed as yet. This paper discusses the difficulties of early diagnosis, evaluates whether the available diagnostic tools are adequate, and proposes some simple and not-so-simple measures to improve it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Koltai
- Hospital del Centro Gallego de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1094, Argentina
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7
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Wagle MM, Kedige AR, Kabekkodu SP, Mallya S. Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Identifies Crucial Biochemical Processes Shared between Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:1601-1610. [PMID: 37247279 PMCID: PMC10495878 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.5.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy associated with rapid progression and an abysmal prognosis. Previous research has shown that chronic pancreatitis can significantly increase the risk of developing PDAC. The overarching hypothesis is that some of the biological processes disrupted during the inflammatory stage tend to show significant dysregulation, even in cancer. This might explain why chronic inflammation increases the risk of carcinogenesis and uncontrolled proliferation. Here, we try to pinpoint such complex processes by comparing the expression profiles of pancreatitis and PDAC tissues. METHODS We analyzed a total of six gene expression datasets retrieved from the EMBL-EBI ArrayExpress and NCBI GEO databases, which included 306 PDAC, 68 pancreatitis and 172 normal pancreatic samples. The disrupted genes identified were used to perform downstream analysis for ontology, interaction, enriched pathways, potential druggability, promoter methylation, and the associated prognostic value. Further, we performed expression analysis based on gender, patient's drinking habit, race, and pancreatitis status. RESULTS Our study identified 45 genes with altered expression levels shared between PDAC and pancreatitis. Over-representation analysis revealed that protein digestion and absorption, ECM-receptor interaction, PI3k-Akt signaling, and proteoglycans in cancer pathways as significantly enriched. Module analysis identified 15 hub genes, of which 14 were found to be in the druggable genome category. CONCLUSION In summary, we have identified critical genes and various biochemical processes disrupted at a molecular level. These results can provide valuable insights into certain events leading to carcinogenesis, and therefore help identify novel therapeutic targets to improve PDAC treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj M Wagle
- School of Mathematics and Statistics and Computational Systems Biology Group, Children’s Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India.
| | - Ananya Rao Kedige
- Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India.
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Grenoble, France.
| | - Shama P Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India.
| | - Sandeep Mallya
- Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India.
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8
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Huang J, Lucero-Prisno DE, Zhang L, Xu W, Wong SH, Ng SC, Wong MCS. Updated epidemiology of gastrointestinal cancers in East Asia. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:271-287. [PMID: 36631716 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00726-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Globally, gastrointestinal cancers represent more than one-fourth of all cancer incidence and one-third of cancer-related mortality. Although there has been much progress in screening colorectal cancer, the prognosis of other gastrointestinal cancers tends to be poor. The highest burden of gastrointestinal cancers, including stomach, liver, oesophageal and gallbladder cancers, was observed in regions in East Asia. The increasing burden of gastrointestinal cancers in East Asian regions is related to population growth, ageing and the westernization of lifestyle habits in this region. Furthermore, the rising incidence of young-onset colorectal cancer is an emerging trend in East Asia. This Review provides a comprehensive and updated summary of the epidemiology of gastrointestinal cancers in East Asia, with emphasis on comparing their epidemiology in East Asia with that in Western regions, and highlights the major risk factors and implications for prevention. Overall, to optimally reduce the disease burden incurred by gastrointestinal cancers in East Asian regions, a concerted effort will be needed to modify unhealthy lifestyles, promote vaccination against the hepatitis virus, control Helicobacter pylori, liver fluke and hepatitis virus infections, increase the uptake rate of colorectal cancer screening, enhance detection of early cancers and their precursors, and improve cancer survivorship through an organized rehabilitation programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Huang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Lin Zhang
- Centre of Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Public Health, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wanghong Xu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sunny H Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew C Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory for Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Center for Gut Microbiota Research, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Martin C S Wong
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,School of Public Health, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Chartier KG, Bares CB, Prom-Wormley EC, Blondino C, Miles K, Lee AG, Karriker-Jaffe KJ. Effects of family history of alcohol problems on alcohol consumption: Stronger for medically underserved men. Prev Med 2022; 161:107093. [PMID: 35597304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Family history (FH), informed by genetics and family environment, can be used by practitioners for risk prediction. This study compares the associations of FH with alcohol outcomes for medically underserved (MUS) men and women with the associations for non-underserved individuals to assess the utility of FH as a screening tool for this high-priority group. Data were from 29,993 adult lifetime drinkers in the Wave 1 (2001-2002) and Wave 2 (2004-2005) National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. All variables except FH were measured at Wave 2. Dependent variables were 12-month alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder (AUD). FH scores (FH-SCORE) measured the proportion of first- and second-degree biological relatives with alcohol problems. MUS status was defined by household income at or below 100% of the federal poverty line and participants reporting no usual source of health care. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models tested main and interaction effects. Models showed a significant interaction of FH-SCORE with MUS status (p < .01), with a stronger effect of FH on alcohol consumption for the MUS group. This moderating effect was weaker for women than for men (FH-SCORE x MUS x Sex three-way interaction: p < .01). AUD models showed a significant positive association with FH-SCORE (p < .001) but no association with MUS status and no significant interaction effects. In this sample of lifetime drinkers, FH was associated with higher alcohol consumption, especially for MUS men. These results encourage additional validation of FH scores to prioritize MUS adults at high risk for alcohol problems to receive preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen G Chartier
- School of Social Work and Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America.
| | - Cristina B Bares
- School of Social Work, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth C Prom-Wormley
- School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Courtney Blondino
- School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Kia Miles
- School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Anna G Lee
- School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Katherine J Karriker-Jaffe
- Center for Behavioral Health Epidemiology, Implementation & Evaluation Research, RTI International, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
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10
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Ulanja MB, Moody AE, Beutler BD, Antwi-Amoabeng D, Rahman GA, Alese OB. Early-onset pancreatic cancer: a review of molecular mechanisms, management, and survival. Oncotarget 2022; 13:828-841. [PMID: 35720978 PMCID: PMC9200435 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early-onset pancreatic cancer (EOPC) - defined as pancreatic cancer diagnosed before the age of 50 years - is associated with a poor prognosis as compared to later-onset pancreatic cancer (LOPC). Emerging evidence suggests that EOPC may exhibit a genetic signature and tumor biology that is distinct from that of LOPC. We review genetic mutations that are more prevalent in EOPC relative to LOPC and discuss the potential impact of these mutations on treatment and survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using PubMed and Medline, the following terms were searched and relevant citations assessed: "early onset pancreatic cancer," "late onset pancreatic cancer," "pancreatic cancer," "pancreatic cancer genes," and "pancreatic cancer targeted therapy." RESULTS Mutations in CDKN2, FOXC2, and SMAD4 are significantly more common in EOPC as compared to LOPC. In addition, limited data suggest that PI3KCA mutations are more frequently observed in EOPC as compared to LOPC. KRAS mutations are relatively rare in EOPC. CONCLUSIONS Genetic mutations associated with EOPC are distinct from those of LOPC. The preponderance of the evidence suggest that poor outcomes in EOPC are related both to advanced stage of presentation and unique tumor biology. The molecular and genetic features of EOPC warrant further investigation in order to optimize management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B. Ulanja
- Christus Ochsner Saint Patrick Hospital, Lake Charles, LA 70601, USA
| | - Alastair E. Moody
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Bryce D. Beutler
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | | | - Ganiyu A. Rahman
- Department of Surgery, University of Cape Coast, School of Medical Sciences, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Olatunji B. Alese
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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11
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Zakaria A, Al-Share B, Klapman JB, Dam A. The Role of Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis and Staging of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1373. [PMID: 35326524 PMCID: PMC8946253 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death and the second gastrointestinal cancer-related death in the United States. Early detection and accurate diagnosis and staging of pancreatic cancer are paramount in guiding treatment plans, as surgical resection can provide the only potential cure for this disease. The overall prognosis of pancreatic cancer is poor even in patients with resectable disease. The 5-year survival after surgical resection is ~10% in node-positive disease compared to ~30% in node-negative disease. The advancement of imaging studies and the multidisciplinary approach involving radiologists, gastroenterologists, advanced endoscopists, medical, radiation, and surgical oncologists have a major impact on the management of pancreatic cancer. Endoscopic ultrasonography is essential in the diagnosis by obtaining tissue (FNA or FNB) and in the loco-regional staging of the disease. The advancement in EUS techniques has made this modality a critical adjunct in the management process of pancreatic cancer. In this review article, we provide an overall description of the role of endoscopic ultrasonography in the diagnosis and staging of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zakaria
- Department of Gastroenterology-Advanced Endoscopy, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (J.B.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Bayan Al-Share
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Jason B. Klapman
- Department of Gastroenterology-Advanced Endoscopy, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (J.B.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Aamir Dam
- Department of Gastroenterology-Advanced Endoscopy, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (J.B.K.); (A.D.)
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12
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Tadehara M, Kato T, Adachi K, Tamaki A, Kesen Y, Sakurai Y, Ichinoe M, Koizumi W, Murakumo Y. Clinicopathological Significance of BRCAness in Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Its Association With Anticancer Drug Sensitivity in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Pancreas 2022; 51:183-189. [PMID: 35404895 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The concept of BRCAness has been proposed as a homologous recombination repair dysfunction triggered by a genetic defect in the BRCA pathway including the BRCA1/2 mutations. A certain number of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients have BRCAness. However, a large-scale analysis of BRCAness in PDAC has not been performed. In addition, no basic studies have examined the significance of BRCAness in PDAC cell lines. METHODS Ninety-two patients who underwent surgery for PDAC were enrolled. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens of resected PDACs were used to analyze BRCAness by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. We also analyzed BRCAness in pancreatic cancer cell lines and the sensitivity to cisplatin and olaparib using a colony formation assay. RESULTS Of the 92 patients with PDAC, 6 were detected to have BRCAness-positive PDAC (6.5%). No significant differences in overall survival and progression-free survival were observed between the BRCAness-positive and BRCAness-negative groups. One PDAC cell line, KP-2, was positive for BRCAness and was more sensitive to cisplatin and olaparib than the BRCAness-negative cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that a considerable number of PDACs are positive for BRCAness, suggesting that BRCAness status could be a useful biomarker for selecting anticancer treatments for advanced or relapsed PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wasaburo Koizumi
- Gastroenterology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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13
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Patterson KN, Trout AT, Shenoy A, Abu-El-Haija M, Nathan JD. Solid pancreatic masses in children: A review of current evidence and clinical challenges. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:966943. [PMID: 36507125 PMCID: PMC9732489 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.966943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic tumors in children are infrequently encountered in clinical practice. Their non-specific clinical presentation and overlapping imaging characteristics often make an accurate preoperative diagnosis difficult. Tumors are categorized as epithelial or non-epithelial, with epithelial tumors further classified as tumors of the exocrine or endocrine pancreas. Although both are tumors of the exocrine pancreas, solid pseudopapillary neoplasm is the most prevalent solid pancreatic tumor in children, while pancreatoblastoma is the most common malignant tumor. Insulinoma is the most common pediatric pancreatic tumor of the endocrine pancreas. Malignant tumors require a complete, often radical, surgical resection. However, pancreatic parenchyma-sparing surgical procedures are utilized for benign tumors and low-grade malignancy to preserve gland function. This review will discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical and diagnostic characteristics, and management options associated with both common and rare solid pancreatic masses in children. We will also discuss current challenges encountered in their evaluation and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli N Patterson
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Andrew T Trout
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Departments of Radiology and Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Archana Shenoy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Maisam Abu-El-Haija
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jaimie D Nathan
- Department of Abdominal Transplant and Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
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14
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Lai E, Ziranu P, Spanu D, Dubois M, Pretta A, Tolu S, Camera S, Liscia N, Mariani S, Persano M, Migliari M, Donisi C, Demurtas L, Pusceddu V, Puzzoni M, Scartozzi M. BRCA-mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1321-1332. [PMID: 34262146 PMCID: PMC8575931 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01469-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite continued research, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the main causes of cancer death. Interest is growing in the role of the tumour suppressors breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and BRCA2-typically associated with breast and ovarian cancer-in the pathogenesis of PDAC. Indeed, both germline and sporadic mutations in BRCA1/2 have been found to play a role in the development of PDAC. However, data regarding BRCA1/2-mutant PDAC are lacking. In this review, we aim to outline the specific landscape of BRCA-mutant PDAC, focusing on heritability, clinical features, differences between BRCA1 and 2 mutations and between germline and sporadic alterations, as well as established therapeutic strategies and those that are still under evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Lai
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pina Ziranu
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Dario Spanu
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Dubois
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Pretta
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet-Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussells, Belgium
| | - Simona Tolu
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Camera
- Department of Medical Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicole Liscia
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Mariani
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mara Persano
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Migliari
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Clelia Donisi
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Demurtas
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valeria Pusceddu
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Puzzoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mario Scartozzi
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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15
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O'Neill RS, Stoita A. Biomarkers in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer: Are we closer to finding the golden ticket? World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:4045-4087. [PMID: 34326612 PMCID: PMC8311531 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i26.4045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a leading cause of cancer related mortality on a global scale. The disease itself is associated with a dismal prognosis, partly due to its silent nature resulting in patients presenting with advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. To combat this, there has been an explosion in the last decade of potential candidate biomarkers in the research setting in the hope that a diagnostic biomarker may provide a glimmer of hope in what is otherwise quite a substantial clinical dilemma. Currently, serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 is utilized in the diagnostic work-up of patients diagnosed with PC however this biomarker lacks the sensitivity and specificity associated with a gold-standard marker. In the search for a biomarker that is both sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of PC, there has been a paradigm shift towards a focus on liquid biopsy and the use of diagnostic panels which has subsequently proved to have efficacy in the diagnosis of PC. Currently, promising developments in the field of early detection on PC using diagnostic biomarkers include the detection of microRNA (miRNA) in serum and circulating tumour cells. Both these modalities, although in their infancy and yet to be widely accepted into routine clinical practice, possess merit in the early detection of PC. We reviewed over 300 biomarkers with the aim to provide an in-depth summary of the current state-of-play regarding diagnostic biomarkers in PC (serum, urinary, salivary, faecal, pancreatic juice and biliary fluid).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S O'Neill
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney 2010, Australia
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Alina Stoita
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2010, Australia
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16
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Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Epidemiology and Risk Factors. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030562. [PMID: 33804776 PMCID: PMC8003883 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of new cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is increasing with a cumulative total of 495,773 cases worldwide, making it the fourteenth most common malignancy. However, it accounts for 466,003 deaths per year and is the seventh leading cause of cancer deaths. Regional differences in the number of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma appear to reflect differences in medical care, as well as racial differences. Compared to the prevalence of other organ cancers in Japan, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ranks seventh based on the number of patients, eighth based on morbidity, and fourth based on the number of deaths, with a continuing increase in the mortality rate. Risk factors for developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma include family history, genetic disorders, diabetes, chronic pancreatitis, and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. An issue that hinders improvement in the prognosis of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the development of a strategy to identify patients with these risk factors to facilitate detection of the disease at a stage when intervention will improve survival.
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17
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Abstract
Screening for pancreatic cancer (PC) in high-risk groups aimed to detect early cancers is currently done only in the research setting, and data on psychological outcomes of screening in these populations is scarce. To determine the psychological impact of a national Australian pancreatic screening program, a prospective study was conducted using validated psychological measures: impact of events scale (IES), psychological consequences questionnaire (PCQ) and the cancer worry scale. Measures were administered at baseline, 1-month and at 1-year post-enrolment and correlations with abnormal endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) results were calculated. Over a 6-year period, 102 participants were recruited to the screening program. Thirty-nine patients (38.2%) had an abnormal endoscopic ultrasound, and two patients (2.0%) were diagnosed with PC and two with other malignancies. Those with a personal history of cancer or a positive BRCA2 mutation demonstrated significantly increased worry about developing other types of cancer at baseline (p < 0.01). Irrespective of EUS result, there was a significant decrease of total IES score at 1 year (Z = - 2.0, p = 0.041). In patients with abnormal EUS results, there was a decrease in the total IES score at 1 year (Z = - 2.5, p = 0.011). In participants deemed to be most distressed at baseline based on their negative PCQ score, there was a significant decrease of the total PCQ (Z = - 3.2, p = 0.001), emotional (Z = - 3.0, p = 0.001), social (Z = 3.0, p = 0.001) and physical (Z = - 2.8, p = 0.002) subscale at 1-year post-intervention. This study provides evidence of the long-term psychological benefits of PC screening in high-risk patients. There was no negative impact of screening in the short-term and the positive benefits appeared at 1-year post-intervention irrespective of screening result.
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18
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Van Tran T, Van Dao T, Nguyen KD, van Ta T, Vu KT, Trinh SH, Nguyen HC, Bui OT, Nguyen QT, Vu HD, Nguyen HL, Tran HT. Risk factors of Pancreatic Cancer in Vietnam: A Matched Case-Control Hospital-Based Study. Cancer Control 2021; 28:1073274821989320. [PMID: 33517745 PMCID: PMC8482704 DOI: 10.1177/1073274821989320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Data about the risk factors and pancreatic cancer in developing countries remain limited. We investigated for the first time the role of a number of risk factors (family cancer history, smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes, inflammation disease, HBV infection) associated with pancreatic cancer among Vietnamese patients. Methods: We included all patients hospitalized at 4 Northern Vietnamese hospitals (Vietnam National Cancer Hospital, Bach Mai, Viet Duc, Thai Nguyen) and diagnosed with pancreatic cancer during the period from 2017 to 2019. Risk factors of eligible patients were collected and assessed the associations using a matched control study and logistic regression model analysis. Results: We identified 196 patients with diagnosis of pancreatic cancer of which 114 males and 82 females. The average age of the patient at the time of diagnosis was 58.28 years (standard deviation of 12.94, ranging from 25 to 87). Most of patients were diagnosed at advanced stage (85%). Smoking, diabetes, inflammation disease significantly increased the cancer risks (OR and 95% CI were 2.42 (1.38-4.37), 3.09 (1.54-6.68), 2.21 (1.42-3.45), respectively). HBV infection demonstrated a significant link with pancreatic cancer in univariate model (OR = 2.94 (1.08-9.36)), but not in multivariate model. However, cancer family history and alcohol drinkers did not show any significantly increased risk related to pancreatic cancer. Conclusions: Our finding showed smoking, diabetes, inflammation disease significantly increased the risk of pancreatic cancer in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuan Van Tran
- Vietnam National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.,106156Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Vietnam National Cancer Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tu Van Dao
- Vietnam National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Vietnam National Cancer Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Khac-Dung Nguyen
- Vietnam National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Vietnam National Cancer Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - To van Ta
- Vietnam National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.,106156Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Vietnam National Cancer Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | - Oanh Thi Bui
- Vietnam National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Vietnam National Cancer Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Quang Tien Nguyen
- Vietnam National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Vietnam National Cancer Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoan Duc Vu
- Vietnam National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Vietnam National Cancer Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hiep Le Nguyen
- Vietnam National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Vietnam National Cancer Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thanh Tran
- Vietnam National Cancer Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.,106156Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Vietnam National Cancer Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
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19
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Macklin-Mantia SK, Hines SL, Kasi PM. Retrospective review of outcomes in patients with DNA-damage repair related pancreatic cancer. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2020; 18:17. [PMID: 32793315 PMCID: PMC7419180 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-020-00148-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with DNA-damage response genes (DDR)-related pancreas cancer (BRCA1/2 or other DNA-damage related genes) may have improved outcomes secondary to increased sensitivity to DNA-damaging drugs (platinum chemotherapy/ poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP)-inhibitors). However, data is scarce pertaining to outcomes in this subset of patients. Our objective was to retrospectively identify DDR-related pancreas cancer patients and report on clinical outcomes. METHODS Pancreas cancer patients with a germline pathogenic variant in BRCA1/2 or other DDR gene were identified retrospectively through review of medical records (medical genetics/oncology) and genetic testing results at our institution. Data regarding clinical outcomes, therapy received, and survival was subsequently extracted. RESULTS A total of 11 patients with pancreas cancer were identified to carry a pathogenic DDR-variant: BRCA1 (3), ATM (4), BRCA2 (2), PALB2 (1) and FANCC (1). Five of these individuals had prior history of other cancers. Clinically these tumors were localized (4), locally advanced (3), and metastatic (4) at diagnosis. Four out of 11 patients were still alive at time of data review. Survival in the 7 patients who had died was 13.7, 140.0, 20.5, 22.3, 23.5, 25.8, and 111.5 months. All patients with advanced disease had exposure to platinum chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Historical survival in patients with advanced and metastatic pancreas cancer is poor. Results of this DDR-subset of patients do show significantly superior outcomes, likely secondary to exposure to platinum drugs. This data, alongside other similar cohorts, would favor the DDR-genes being a predictive marker with improved survival if exposed to these drugs and the new class of drugs, PARP-inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie L. Hines
- Department of Diagnostic and Consultative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Pashtoon M. Kasi
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
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20
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Sabater-Molina M, Navarro-Peñalver M, Muñoz-Esparza C, Esteban-Gil Á, Santos-Mateo JJ, Gimeno JR. Genetic Factors Involved in Cardiomyopathies and in Cancer. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1702. [PMID: 32498335 PMCID: PMC7356401 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy-induced cardiomyopathy (CCM) manifests as left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and heart failure (HF). It is associated withparticular pharmacological agents and it is typically dose dependent, but significant individual variability has been observed. History of prior cardiac disease, abuse of toxics, cardiac overload conditions, age, and genetic predisposing factors modulate the degree of the cardiac reserve and the response to the injury. Genetic/familial cardiomyopathies (CMY) are increasingly recognized in general populations with an estimated prevalence of 1:250. Association between cardiac and oncologic diseases regarding genetics involves not only the toxicity process, but pathogenicity. Genetic variants in germinal cells that cause CMY (LMNA, RAS/MAPK) can increase susceptibility for certain types of cancer. The study of mutations found in cancer cells (somatic) has revealed the implication of genes commonly associated with the development of CMY. In particular, desmosomal mutations have been related to increased undifferentiation and invasiveness of cancer. In this article, the authors review the knowledge on the relevance of environmental and genetic background in CCM and give insights into the shared genetic role in the pathogenicity of the cancer process and development of CMY.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sabater-Molina
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Hereditarias, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen dela Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (M.N.-P.); (C.M.-E.); (J.R.G.)
- Universidad de Murcia, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- European Reference Networks (Guard-Heart), European Commission, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Red de investigación Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Navarro-Peñalver
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Hereditarias, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen dela Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (M.N.-P.); (C.M.-E.); (J.R.G.)
- Universidad de Murcia, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- European Reference Networks (Guard-Heart), European Commission, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Esparza
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Hereditarias, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen dela Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (M.N.-P.); (C.M.-E.); (J.R.G.)
- Universidad de Murcia, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- European Reference Networks (Guard-Heart), European Commission, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Red de investigación Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Esteban-Gil
- Biomedical Informatics & Bioinformatics Platform, Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB)/Foundation for Healthcare Training & Research of the Region of Murcia (FFIS), 30003 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Juan Jose Santos-Mateo
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Hereditarias, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen dela Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (M.N.-P.); (C.M.-E.); (J.R.G.)
- Universidad de Murcia, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- European Reference Networks (Guard-Heart), European Commission, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan R. Gimeno
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Hereditarias, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen dela Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (M.N.-P.); (C.M.-E.); (J.R.G.)
- Universidad de Murcia, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- European Reference Networks (Guard-Heart), European Commission, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Red de investigación Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Duvillié B, Kourdoughli R, Druillennec S, Eychène A, Pouponnot C. Interplay Between Diabetes and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Insulinoma: The Role of Aging, Genetic Factors, and Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:563267. [PMID: 33101198 PMCID: PMC7556217 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.563267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic analyses have shed light on an association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Recent data also suggest a potential relationship between T2D and insulinoma. Under rare circumstances, type 1 diabetes (T1D) can also be implicated in tumorigenesis. The biological mechanisms underlying such relationships are extremely complex. Some genetic factors contributing to the development of T2D are shared with pancreatic exocrine and endocrine tumors. Obesity and overweight can also contribute to the initiation and severity of T2D, while aging may influence both endocrine and exocrine tumors. Finally, pharmacological treatments of T2D may have an impact on PDAC. On the other hand, some treatments for insulinoma can trigger diabetes. In the present minireview, we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms that could explain these interactions. This analysis may help to define new potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Duvillié
- Department of Signaling, Radiobiology and Cancer, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
- INSERM U1021, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3347, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Bertrand Duvillié,
| | - Rayane Kourdoughli
- Department of Signaling, Radiobiology and Cancer, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
- INSERM U1021, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3347, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Druillennec
- Department of Signaling, Radiobiology and Cancer, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
- INSERM U1021, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3347, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Alain Eychène
- Department of Signaling, Radiobiology and Cancer, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
- INSERM U1021, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3347, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Celio Pouponnot
- Department of Signaling, Radiobiology and Cancer, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
- INSERM U1021, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3347, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
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22
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Arts HH, Lynch L, Grafodatskaya D, Eng B, Malloy L, Duck J, White R, Woodside C, Bell K, Zbuk KM, McCready E. ATM whole gene deletion in an Italian family with hereditary pancreatic cancer: Challenges to cancer risk prediction associated with an 11q22.3 microdeletion. Cancer Genet 2019; 240:1-4. [PMID: 31671381 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary pancreatic cancer has been attributed to variants of several cancer predisposition genes including ATM. While heterozygous pathogenic variants in the ATM gene are implicated as a cause of familial breast and pancreatic cancers to our knowledge ATM whole gene deletions have not been previously reported. We describe a contiguous gene deletion of the ATM locus in a multi-generation family of Italian descent with a strong family history of pancreatic cancer. A deletion of one copy of the entire ATM gene was identified by routine panel testing and further characterized by chromosomal microarray analysis. An 11q22.3 microdeletion of approximately 960 kb was identified that is predicted to result in loss of 10 genes including ATM. The deletion was identified in two additional family members including a presymptomatic daughter and an affected sibling. A normal disomic complement of the 11q22.3 region was detected in a third family member with a history of prostate and pancreatic cancer. Additional family members were not available for testing. Given available evidence that ATM haploinsufficiency can increase cancer risk, we predict that the observed copy number loss has likely contributed to hereditary cancer in this family. However, absence of the familial microdeletion in at least one affected family member suggests that ATM deletions are unlikely the sole contributing factor influencing tumor development in affected individuals. This case highlights 11q22.3 microdeletions of the ATM gene region as a possible risk factor for hereditary cancer, including pancreatic cancer. The same case provides a further cautionary tale for over interpretation of cancer risk associated tumor suppressor microdeletions and suggests that the variant may not be sufficient for tumor development or may modify the cancer risks associated with other, yet unidentified hereditary cancer genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen H Arts
- McMaster University, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, 1280 Main Street West, L8S 4L8, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lorrie Lynch
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, 699 Concession Street, L8V 5C2, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Daria Grafodatskaya
- McMaster University, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, 1280 Main Street West, L8S 4L8, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, 1200 Main Street West, L8S 4J9, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Barry Eng
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, 1200 Main Street West, L8S 4J9, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lesley Malloy
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, 1200 Main Street West, L8S 4J9, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - John Duck
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, 1200 Main Street West, L8S 4J9, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Robyn White
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, 1200 Main Street West, L8S 4J9, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Crystal Woodside
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, 1200 Main Street West, L8S 4J9, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kathleen Bell
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, 699 Concession Street, L8V 5C2, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, McMaster University, 699 Concession Street, L8V 5C2, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin M Zbuk
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, 699 Concession Street, L8V 5C2, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, McMaster University, 699 Concession Street, L8V 5C2, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth McCready
- McMaster University, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, 1280 Main Street West, L8S 4L8, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, 1200 Main Street West, L8S 4J9, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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23
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Matsuda Y. Age-related morphological changes in the pancreas and their association with pancreatic carcinogenesis. Pathol Int 2019; 69:450-462. [PMID: 31339204 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Age-related pathological changes in the pancreas have been unclear because they are often minor and nonspecific. However, recent studies have shown that they are closely related to various pathological conditions such as pancreatic cancer and diabetes mellitus. Knowledge of age-related changes is important to determine appropriate prevention, detection, and treatment strategies for various diseases observed in elderly patients. We present a review of the pathological age-related non-neoplastic changes in the exocrine pancreas such as pancreatic fatty replacement, lobulocentric pancreatic atrophy, pancreatic duct ectasia, and metaplasia of exocrine pancreas, as well as changes in islet cells. We have discussed common pancreatic neoplasms in elderly patients, such as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Age-related pathological changes play a key role in pancreatic carcinogenesis via telomere dysfunction. Further studies are warranted to clarify molecular mechanisms of pancreatic carcinogenesis in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Matsuda
- Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
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24
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Diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Recommendations of the Working Group of the Polish Pancreatic Club. GASTROENTEROLOGY REVIEW 2019; 14:1-18. [PMID: 30944673 PMCID: PMC6444110 DOI: 10.5114/pg.2019.83422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
These recommendations refer to the current management in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a neoplasia characterised by an aggressive course and extremely poor prognosis. The recommendations regard diagnosis, surgical, adjuvant and palliative treatment, with consideration given to endoscopic and surgical methods. A vast majority of the statements are based on data obtained in clinical studies and experts' recommendations on PDAC management, including the following guidelines: International Association of Pancreatology/European Pancreatic Club (IAP/EPC), American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and Polish Society of Gastroenterology (PSG) and The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). All recommendations were voted on by members of the Working Group of the Polish Pancreatic Club. Results of the voting and brief comments are provided with each recommendation.
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25
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Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Individuals at High Risk for Pancreatic Cancer: A Descriptive Analysis from a Comprehensive Cancer Center. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2019; 1:106-119. [PMID: 32601617 PMCID: PMC7324042 DOI: 10.3390/gidisord1010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC), a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, is typically diagnosed at an advanced stage. To improve survival, there is an unmet need to detect pre-malignant lesions and early invasive disease. Prime populations to study for early detection efforts include cohorts of high risk individuals (HRI): those with increased risk to develop pre-malignant pancreatic cysts and PC because of a familial or hereditary predisposition to the disease and those in the general population of sporadic cases who are incidentally found to harbor a pre-malignant pancreatic cyst. The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics and clinical outcomes of cohorts of HRI identified at Moffitt Cancer Center. We set out to determine the uptake of screening, the prevalence and characteristics of solid and cystic pancreatic lesions detected via screening or as incidental findings, and the age at which lesions were detected. Of a total of 329 HRI, roughly one-third were found to have pancreatic lesions, most of which constituted pre-malignant cysts known as intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. Individuals with the highest genetic risk for PC were found to have smaller cysts at a much earlier age than sporadic cases with incidental findings; however, many individuals at high genetic risk did not have abdominal imaging reports on file. We also identified a subset of HRI at moderate genetic risk for PC that were found to have cystic and solid pancreatic lesions as part of a diagnostic work-up rather than a screening protocol. These findings suggest the pancreatic research community should consider expanding criteria for who should be offered screening. We also emphasize the importance of continuity of care between cancer genetics and gastrointestinal oncology clinics so that HRI are made aware of the opportunities related to genetic counseling, genetic testing, and screening.
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26
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Rawla P, Sunkara T, Gaduputi V. Epidemiology of Pancreatic Cancer: Global Trends, Etiology and Risk Factors. World J Oncol 2019; 10:10-27. [PMID: 30834048 PMCID: PMC6396775 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1335] [Impact Index Per Article: 267.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, its toll is higher in more developed countries. Reasons for vast differences in mortality rates of pancreatic cancer are not completely clear yet, but it may be due to lack of appropriate diagnosis, treatment and cataloging of cancer cases. Because patients seldom exhibit symptoms until an advanced stage of the disease, pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal malignant neoplasms that caused 432,242 new deaths in 2018 (GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates). Globally, 458,918 new cases of pancreatic cancer have been reported in 2018, and 355,317 new cases are estimated to occur until 2040. Despite advancements in the detection and management of pancreatic cancer, the 5-year survival rate still stands at 9% only. To date, the causes of pancreatic carcinoma are still insufficiently known, although certain risk factors have been identified, such as tobacco smoking, diabetes mellitus, obesity, dietary factors, alcohol abuse, age, ethnicity, family history and genetic factors, Helicobacter pylori infection, non-O blood group and chronic pancreatitis. In general population, screening of large groups is not considered useful to detect the disease at its early stage, although newer techniques and the screening of tightly targeted groups (especially of those with family history), are being evaluated. Primary prevention is considered of utmost importance. Up-to-date statistics on pancreatic cancer occurrence and outcome along with a better understanding of the etiology and identifying the causative risk factors are essential for the primary prevention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Rawla
- Department of Internal Medicine, SOVAH Health, Martinsville, VA 24112, USA
| | - Tagore Sunkara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mercy Medical Center, Des Moines, IA 50314, USA
| | - Vinaya Gaduputi
- Division of Gastroenterology, SBH Health System, Bronx, NY, USA
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27
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Developing community-based health education strategies with family history: Assessing the association between community resident family history and interest in health education. Soc Sci Med 2019; 271:112160. [PMID: 30862375 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family history (FH) is an underutilized genetically informative tool that can influence disease prevention and treatment. It is unclear how FH fits into the development of community-based health education. This study examines the role that FH plays in perceived threat and health education related to mental and chronic physical conditions in the context of the health belief model. METHODS Data were collected from 1,048 adult participants aged 18-90 years. Approximately 76% of participants indicated African-American race/ethnicity and 35% had less than high school level education. Self-report data were collected on FH of four disorders: anxiety, depression, diabetes, and high blood pressure. Interest in receiving information regarding prevention as well as future testing efforts was assessed broadly. A series of logistic regressions examined the association between FH for each of the disorders and interest in receiving information on (1) prevention of diseases in general and (2) testing for diseases in general. These associations were also analyzed after accounting for the influence of perceived threat of conditions. RESULTS Interest in receiving general health education was significantly associated with FH of depression (OR = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.74-4.25), anxiety (OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.45-3.22), and high blood pressure (OR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.05-6.12). After adjustment for perceived threat, the magnitude of these associations was reduced substantially. The associations between perceived threat and either interest in receiving information on disease testing or receiving general health education were strong and significant across all conditions (OR = 2.11-3.74). DISCUSSION These results provide evidence that perceived threat mediates the association between FH and engagement with health education. Currently available health education programs may benefit from considering the role of FH in an individual's motivation for participation in health education activities alongside other factors.
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Kanno A, Masamune A, Hanada K, Kikuyama M, Kitano M. Advances in Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:diagnostics9010018. [PMID: 30764550 PMCID: PMC6468351 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease. PDAC is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States and Japan based on epidemiological data. Early detection of PDAC is very important to improve the prognosis of PDAC. Early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) requires further examination after selecting cases with risk factors for the condition, such as family history, hereditary pancreatic carcinoma syndrome, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, or chronic pancreatitis. The Japan Study Group on the Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer has investigated and clarified the clinicopathological features for the early diagnosis of PDAC. In Japan, an algorithm for the early diagnosis of PDAC, which utilized the cooperation of local clinics and regional general hospitals, has been a breakthrough in the detection of early-stage PDAC. Further approaches for the early diagnosis of PDAC are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kanno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
- Japan Study Group on the Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer (JEDPAC), Onomichi 722-8508, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Keiji Hanada
- Japan Study Group on the Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer (JEDPAC), Onomichi 722-8508, Japan.
- Department of Gastroenterology, JA Onomichi General Hospital, Onomichi 722-8508, Japan.
| | - Masataka Kikuyama
- Japan Study Group on the Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer (JEDPAC), Onomichi 722-8508, Japan.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Komagome Hospital, Tokyo 113-0021, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Kitano
- Japan Study Group on the Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer (JEDPAC), Onomichi 722-8508, Japan.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan.
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29
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Ohmoto A, Yachida S, Morizane C. Genomic Features and Clinical Management of Patients with Hereditary Pancreatic Cancer Syndromes and Familial Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E561. [PMID: 30699894 PMCID: PMC6387417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most devastating malignancies; it has a 5-year survival rate of only 9%, and novel treatment strategies are urgently needed. While most PC cases occur sporadically, PC associated with hereditary syndromes or familial PC (FPC; defined as an individual having two or more first-degree relatives diagnosed with PC) accounts for about 10% of cases. Hereditary cancer syndromes associated with increased risk for PC include Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, hereditary pancreatitis, familial atypical multiple mole melanoma, familial adenomatous polyposis, Lynch syndrome and hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. Next-generation sequencing of FPC patients has uncovered new susceptibility genes such as PALB2 and ATM, which participate in homologous recombination repair, and further investigations are in progress. Previous studies have demonstrated that some sporadic cases that do not fulfil FPC criteria also harbor similar mutations, and so genomic testing based on family history might overlook some susceptibility gene carriers. There are no established screening procedures for high-risk unaffected cases, and it is not clear whether surveillance programs would have clinical benefits. In terms of treatment, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors for BRCA-mutated cases or immune checkpoint inhibitors for mismatch repair deficient cases are promising, and clinical trials of these agents are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ohmoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 1040045, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Yachida
- Laboratory of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 1040045, Japan.
- Department of Cancer Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine/Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
| | - Chigusa Morizane
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 1040045, Japan.
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30
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Yeo TP, Lavu H, Nevler A, Brumbaugh J, Vicchairelli D, Winter JM, Brody JR, Yeo CJ. Precious Data: Interim Report from the Jefferson Pancreas Tumor Registry. J Pancreat Cancer 2019; 4:17-24. [PMID: 30631853 PMCID: PMC6145534 DOI: 10.1089/pancan.2018.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The Jefferson Pancreas Tumor Registry (JPTR) is a voluntary hospital-based registry of persons with pancreas and related periampullary cancers, premalignant lesions, and nonaffected family members (NAFMs). The ultimate goals of the JPTR are to provide a link between family history, gene mutations, and precision medicine therapy, and to identify high-risk NAFMs for potential surveillance screening. Methods: The JPTR is an Institutional Review Board approved longitudinal epidemiological study housed in the Department of Surgery at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital. Individuals who met the eligibility criteria and signed informed consent provide information on hereditary conditions, family history of cancers, environmental exposures, and occupational risk factors. Data are collected using a self-administered questionnaire, the electronic medical record, and the molecular analysis of tumor specimens. Results: Established in 2008, >725 persons have enrolled in the JPTR. The cohort is mostly composed of sporadic pancreas cancer, with 13% of enrollees having familial pancreas cancer and a control group comprising nonaffected persons. Data from the registry have been utilized to inform clinical studies, molecular investigations, and to shed light on and gain insight into the lived experience of persons with these conditions. Conclusion: The JPTR contains precious qualitative data and is an invaluable repository of information about persons with pancreatic and related tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa P Yeo
- Department of Surgery and the Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson College of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Harish Lavu
- Department of Surgery and the Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Avinoam Nevler
- Department of Surgery and the Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,The Dr. P. Borenstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Jennifer Brumbaugh
- Department of Surgery and the Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dominique Vicchairelli
- Department of Surgery and the Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jordan M Winter
- Department of Surgery and the Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan R Brody
- Department of Surgery and the Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Charles J Yeo
- Department of Surgery and the Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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31
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Capasso M, Franceschi M, Rodriguez-Castro KI, Crafa P, Cambiè G, Miraglia C, Barchi A, Nouvenne A, Leandro G, Meschi T, De' Angelis GL, Di Mario F. Epidemiology and risk factors of pancreatic cancer. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2018; 89:141-146. [PMID: 30561407 PMCID: PMC6502190 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v89i9-s.7923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The most frequent pancreatic cancer is pancreatic adenocarcinoma. It has high and early locally and distant invasiveness; this is the reason why it often shows little sign or symptoms in early stage and poor prognosis after the diagnosis, frequently in advanced stage. Although it is possible to detect this tumor in early stage because of its neoplastic precursor (PanINs). Epidemiological data shows that pancreatic cancer is not very common but obvious it is one of the most neoplastic death-cause in the world. The trend of incidence is quite increasing through years, proportionally to the increase of risk factors. About risk factors, it is not easy to detect in all the cases but it is known the role of some of that: there are hereditary risk factors, such as genetic pattern like HBOC, HNPCC, FAP, PJS, FAMMM, HP and CF and environmental ones (modifiable) such as smoke, alcohol consumption, chronic pancreatitis, obesity and diabetes mellitus. This narrative review aims to analyze the epidemiological data of pancreatic cancer and associated risk factors. (www.actabiomedica.it)
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Capasso
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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32
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Macklin SK, Kasi PM, Jackson JL, Hines SL. Incidence of Pathogenic Variants in Those With a Family History of Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:330. [PMID: 30186770 PMCID: PMC6110858 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery of a hereditary cancer syndrome can be one of the factors that determine whether a healthy individual completes pancreas cancer screening or whether an individual with cancer receives certain chemotherapies. Retrospective review was completed to determine the likelihood of detection of a pathogenic variant causing a hereditary cancer syndrome based on personal and family history. Study was completed through the hereditary cancer clinic at Mayo Clinic Florida over a 6 year period, 1/2012 through 1/2018. All participants were referred based on suspicion for a hereditary cancer syndrome based on personal and/or family history. Patients' personal oncologic history at time of consultation was recorded, as well as, cancer diagnoses in the family history and the number of family members with a history of pancreas cancer. Test result and gene name, if variant was pathogenic or likely pathogenic, were noted as well. A total of 2,019 patients completed genetic testing during study period. Personal history of cancer included a variety of primaries, including breast (N = 986), ovarian (N = 119), colon (N = 106), prostate (N = 65), and pancreas (N = 59). A positive result was discovered in 11% of the total group. Two hundred and eighty five reported a family history of pancreas cancer. The incidence of pathogenic variants was 13% (37/285) in those with any family history and 23% (13/56) in those with two or more relatives with pancreatic cancer. Those with multiple relatives with pancreatic cancer were significantly more likely to carry a pathogenic variant than those with a personal history of breast cancer under the age of 45 (23.2 vs. 11.9%, p = 0.02). Presence of multiple family members with a reported history of pancreatic cancer significantly increased the likelihood that a pathogenic variant would be identified in the patient even over other significant risk factors, like personal history of early onset breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Macklin
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Pashtoon M Kasi
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Jessica L Jackson
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Stephanie L Hines
- Department of Diagnostic and Consultative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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33
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Morrison AH, Byrne KT, Vonderheide RH. Immunotherapy and Prevention of Pancreatic Cancer. Trends Cancer 2018; 4:418-428. [PMID: 29860986 PMCID: PMC6028935 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the third-leading cause of cancer mortality in the USA, recently surpassing breast cancer. A key component of pancreatic cancer's lethality is its acquired immune privilege, which is driven by an immunosuppressive microenvironment, poor T cell infiltration, and a low mutational burden. Although immunotherapies such as checkpoint blockade or engineered T cells have yet to demonstrate efficacy, a growing body of evidence suggests that orthogonal combinations of these and other strategies could unlock immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer. In this Review article, we discuss promising immunotherapies currently under investigation in pancreatic cancer and provide a roadmap for the development of prevention vaccines for this and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H Morrison
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Katelyn T Byrne
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA
| | - Robert H Vonderheide
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19014, USA.
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34
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Huang X, Zheng J, Li J, Che X, Tan W, Tan W, Shao M, Cheng X, Du Z, Zhao Y, Wang C, Wu C, Lin D. Functional role of BTB and CNC Homology 1 gene in pancreatic cancer and its association with survival in patients treated with gemcitabine. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:3366-3379. [PMID: 29930735 PMCID: PMC6010980 DOI: 10.7150/thno.23978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation (rs372883C/T) in the 3'-untranslated region of BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1) has been associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) risk in our previous genome-wide association study; however, the action roles of this genetic variation in PDAC remains unknown. Methods:BACH1 expression was measured by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The effects of BACH1 on cell proliferation and sensitivity to gemcitabine were examined by alteration of BACH1 expression in PDAC cells. Angiogenesis was determined in vitro using a human umbilical vein endothelial cell model. Reporter gene assays were conducted to compare the effects of microRNA-1257 on rs372883 variation. The associations between rs372883 variants and survival time in patients treated with gemcitabine were estimated by logistic regression. Results: We found substantially lower BACH1 expression in PDAC compared with normal pancreatic tissues and the rs372883T allele had significantly lower BACH1 levels than the rs372883C allele in both tumor and normal tissues. Knockdown of BACH1 expression provoked proliferation of PDAC cells and angiogenesis, which might result from upregulation of hemeoxygenase-1 that evokes oncogenic AKT and ERK signaling. The rs372883T>C change inhibits interaction of BACH1 with microRNA-1257, resulting in increased BACH1 expression. PDAC patients with the rs372883T allele were more resistant to gemcitabine and had shorter survival time compared with those with the rs372883C allele. Conclusion: These results shed light on the mechanism underlying the associations of BACH1 rs372883 variation with risk of developing PDAC and differential gemcitabine sensitivity in patients.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite increasingly mixed communities in large cities, there remains a paucity of absolute and comparative data concerning the treatment, access and survival of British Asians with pancreatic cancer. METHODS A prospective database of 1038 patients with a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer from 2003 to 2012 was analysed. Asian/Asian British was defined as patients identifying themselves as originating from India, Bangladesh or Pakistan. RESULTS No significant difference was observed in gender split for both Asian/Asian British and White British (AAB and WB). The incidence of pancreas cancer was also equivalent between the two groups at 8.1 versus 8.8 per 100,000 of the population. Age at presentation was significantly younger in AABs when compared to WBs (67 vs. 70 years, p = 0.003). Whilst median maximal tumour diameter, node status and the incidence of metastases were not different between AABs and WBs, the AABs had a significantly greater median T-stage (3.0 versus 2.5, p = 0.0024). The percentage of patients referred for chemotherapy was significantly higher in the AAB group (70.5 vs. 47.7 %, p = 0.0015). Overall survival and survival for patients having palliative treatment were significantly greater in AABs (4.6 vs. 6.1 months and 3.7 vs. 5.1 months). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that AAB patients are present with pancreatic cancer at a younger age and that when receiving palliative chemotherapy their survival is significantly better. Further studies and larger data sets over a longer period are required. It is important to examine further the complexity of incidence and survival in ethnic minorities and investigate the underlying reasons when differences are demonstrated.
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Ibrahim IS, Bonsing BA, Swijnenburg RJ, Welling L, Veenendaal RA, Wasser MNJM, Morreau H, Inderson A, Vasen HFA. Dilemmas in the management of screen-detected lesions in patients at high risk for pancreatic cancer. Fam Cancer 2017; 16:111-115. [PMID: 27406244 PMCID: PMC5243878 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-016-9915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In 3–5 % of all cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), hereditary factors influence etiology. While surveillance of high-risk individuals may improve the prognosis, this study describes two very different outcomes in patients with screen-detected lesions. In 2000, a surveillance program of carriers of a CDKN2A/p16-Leiden-mutation consisting of annual MRI was initiated. Patients with a suspected pancreatic lesion undergo CT-scan and Endoscopic Ultrasound, and surgery is offered when a lesion is confirmed. In 2015, two patients with a screen-detected solid lesion were identified. In both patients, lesions were visible on MRI and CT scan, while the EUS was unremarkable. Surgical resection of the head of the pancreas resulted in nearly fatal complications in the first patient. This patient was shown to have a benign lesion. In contrast, timely identification of an early cancer in the second patient was accompanied by an uneventful postoperative course. These cases underline the risks inherent to a PDAC prevention program. All patients should be fully informed about the possible outcomes before joining a surveillance program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaura S Ibrahim
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bert A Bonsing
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lieke Welling
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland A Veenendaal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin N J M Wasser
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Morreau
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Akin Inderson
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans F A Vasen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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37
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Lucas AL, Tarlecki A, Van Beck K, Lipton C, RoyChoudhury A, Levinson E, Kumar S, Chung WK, Frucht H, Genkinger JM. Self-Reported Questionnaire Detects Family History of Cancer in a Pancreatic Cancer Screening Program. J Genet Couns 2017; 26:806-813. [PMID: 28039657 PMCID: PMC5498249 DOI: 10.1007/s10897-016-0057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading cause of cancer death; approximately 5-10% of PDAC is hereditary. Self-administered health history questionnaires (HHQs) may provide a low-cost method to detail family history (FH) of malignancy. Pancreas Center patients were asked to enroll in a registry; 149 with PDAC completed a HHQ which included FH data. Patients with FH of PDAC, or concern for inherited PDAC syndrome, were separately evaluated in a Prevention Program and additionally met with a genetic counselor (GC) to assess PDAC risk (n = 61). FH obtained through GC and HHQ were compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank sum and generalized linear mixed models with Poisson distribution. Agreement between GC and HHQ risk-assessment was assessed using kappa (κ) statistic. In the Prevention Program, HHQ was as precise in detecting FH of cancer as the GC (all p > 0.05). GC and HHQ demonstrated substantial agreement in risk-stratification of the Prevention Program cohort (κ = 0.73, 95% CI 0.59-0.87.) The sensitivity of the HHQ to detect a patient at elevated risk (i.e., moderate- or high-risk) of PDAC, compared to GC, was 82.9% (95% CI 67.3-92.3%) with a specificity of 95% (95% CI 73.1-99.7%). However, seven patients who were classified as average-risk by the HHQ were found to be at an elevated-risk of PDAC by the GC. In the PDAC cohort, 30/149 (20.1%) reported at least one first-degree relative (FDR) with PDAC. The limited sensitivity of the HHQ to detect patients at elevated risk of PDAC in the Prevention Program cohort suggests that a GC adds value in risk-assessment in this population. The HHQ may offer an opportunity to identify high-risk patients in a PDAC population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee L Lucas
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Samuel Bronfman Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1069, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Adam Tarlecki
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Kellie Van Beck
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Casey Lipton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Arindam RoyChoudhury
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Elana Levinson
- Cancer Genetics Program, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sheila Kumar
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Harold Frucht
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jeanine M Genkinger
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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38
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Systematic review of pancreatic cancer epidemiology in Asia-Pacific Region: major patterns in GLOBACON 2012. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2017; 10:245-257. [PMID: 29379588 PMCID: PMC5758731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers with short-term survival rates. Trends for pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality varied considerably in the world. To date, the causes of pancreatic cancer are not known sufficiently, although certain risk factors have been identified such as, smoking, obesity, life style, diabetes mellitus, alcohol, dietary factors and chronic pancreatitis. Since there are no current screening recommendations for pancreatic cancer, primary prevention is very important. Therefore, up-to-date statistics on pancreatic cancer occurrence and outcome are essential for the primary prevention of this disease. Due to the lack of information on epidemiology of pancreatic cancer in most Asian countries, and limited of statistics and registration system in this area, we conducted a systematic review study to evaluate the most recent data concerning epidemiology of pancreatic cancer in Asia-Pacific region. In this review we focused on collected recent data on incidence, mortality, survival and risk factors of pancreatic cancer in this region. In addition, we reviewed and used the data of GLOBOCAN 2012 in this paper to complete the information as a source of compiling pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality rate.
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39
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Overbeek KA, Cahen DL, Canto MI, Bruno MJ. Surveillance for neoplasia in the pancreas. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2016; 30:971-986. [PMID: 27938791 PMCID: PMC5552042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite its low incidence in the general population, pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. Survival greatly depends on operability, but most patients present with unresectable disease. Therefore, there is great interest in the early detection of pancreatic cancer and its precursor lesions by surveillance. Worldwide, several programs have been initiated for individuals at high risk for pancreatic cancer. Their first results suggest that surveillance in high-risk individuals is feasible, but their effectiveness in decreasing mortality remains to be proven. This review will discuss which individuals are eligible for surveillance, which lesions are aimed to be detected, and which surveillance modalities are being used in current clinical practice. Furthermore, it addresses the management of abnormalities found during surveillance and topics for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper A. Overbeek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, ‘s Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Corresponding author. Fax: +31 10 703 03 31
| | - Djuna L. Cahen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, ‘s Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcia Irene Canto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1800 Orleans St., Blalock 407, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Marco J. Bruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, ‘s Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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40
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Sahin IH, Lowery MA, Stadler ZK, Salo-Mullen E, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Kelsen DP, O’Reilly EM. Genomic instability in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a new step towards precision medicine and novel therapeutic approaches. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 10:893-905. [PMID: 26881472 PMCID: PMC4988832 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2016.1153424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most challenging cancers. Whole genome sequencing studies have been conducted to elucidate the underlying fundamentals underscoring disease behavior. Studies have identified a subgroup of pancreatic cancer patients with distinct molecular and clinical features. Genetic fingerprinting of these tumors is consistent with an unstable genome and defective DNA repair pathways, which creates unique susceptibility to agents inducing DNA damage. BRCA1/2 mutations, both germline and somatic, which lead to impaired DNA repair, are found to be important biomarkers of genomic instability as well as of response to DNA damaging agents. Recent studies have elucidated that PARP inhibitors and platinum agents may be effective to induce tumor regression in solid tumors bearing an unstable genome including pancreatic cancer. In this review we discuss the characteristics of genomic instability in pancreatic cancer along with its clinical implications and the utility of DNA targeting agents particularly PARP inhibitors as a novel treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim H. Sahin
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai St Luke’s Roosevelt Hospital Center
| | - Maeve A. Lowery
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center,Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Zsofia K. Stadler
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center,Weill Cornell Medical College
| | | | | | - David P. Kelsen
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center,Weill Cornell Medical College
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41
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Vasen H, Ibrahim I, Ponce CG, Slater EP, Matthäi E, Carrato A, Earl J, Robbers K, van Mil AM, Potjer T, Bonsing BA, de Vos Tot Nederveen Cappel WH, Bergman W, Wasser M, Morreau H, Klöppel G, Schicker C, Steinkamp M, Figiel J, Esposito I, Mocci E, Vazquez-Sequeiros E, Sanjuanbenito A, Muñoz-Beltran M, Montans J, Langer P, Fendrich V, Bartsch DK. Benefit of Surveillance for Pancreatic Cancer in High-Risk Individuals: Outcome of Long-Term Prospective Follow-Up Studies From Three European Expert Centers. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:2010-9. [PMID: 27114589 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.64.0730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis. Hereditary factors play a role in the development of PDAC in 3% to 5% of all patients. Surveillance of high-risk groups, may facilitate detection of PDAC at an early stage. The aim of this study was to assess whether surveillance aids detection of early-stage PDAC or precursor lesions (PRLs) and improves the prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Screening outcomes were collected from three European centers that conduct prospective screening in high-risk groups including families with clustering of PDAC (familial pancreatic cancer [FPC]) or families with a gene defect that predisposes to PDAC. The surveillance program consisted of annual magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, and/or endoscopic ultrasound. RESULTS Four hundred eleven asymptomatic individuals participated in the surveillance programs, including 178 CDKN2A mutation carriers, 214 individuals with FPC, and 19 BRCA1/2 or PALB2 mutation carriers. PDAC was detected in 13 (7.3%) of 178 CDKN2A mutation carriers. The resection rate was 75%, and the 5-year survival rate was 24%. Two CDKN2A mutation carriers (1%) underwent surgical resection for low-risk PRL. Two individuals (0.9%) in the FPC cohort had a pancreatic tumor, including one advanced PDAC and one early grade 2 neuroendocrine tumor. Thirteen individuals with FPC (6.1%) underwent surgical resection for a suspected PRL, but only four (1.9%) had high-risk lesions (ie, high-grade intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms or grade 3 pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms). One BRCA2 mutation carrier was found to have PDAC, and another BRCA2 mutation carrier and a PALB2 mutation carrier underwent surgery and were found to have low-risk PRL. No serious complications occurred as consequence of the program. CONCLUSION Surveillance of CDNK2A mutation carriers is relatively successful, detecting most PDACs at a resectable stage. The benefit of surveillance in families with FPC is less evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Vasen
- Hans Vasen, Isaura Ibrahim, Kristin Robbers, Anneke M. van Mil, Thomas Potjer, Bert A. Bonsing, Wilma Bergman, Martin Wasser, and Hans Morreau, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Wouter H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Carmen Guillen Ponce, Alfredo Carrato, Julie Earl, Evelina Mocci, Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito, Maria Muñoz-Beltran, and José Montans, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Emily P. Slater, Elvira Matthäi, Volker Fendrich, and Detlef K. Bartsch, University Hospital Marburg; Christoph Schicker, Martin Steinkamp, and Jens Figiel, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg; Günter Klöppel, Consultation Centre for Pancreatic and Endocrine Tumors, Technical University Munich; Peter Langer, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany; and Irene Esposito, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Isaura Ibrahim
- Hans Vasen, Isaura Ibrahim, Kristin Robbers, Anneke M. van Mil, Thomas Potjer, Bert A. Bonsing, Wilma Bergman, Martin Wasser, and Hans Morreau, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Wouter H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Carmen Guillen Ponce, Alfredo Carrato, Julie Earl, Evelina Mocci, Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito, Maria Muñoz-Beltran, and José Montans, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Emily P. Slater, Elvira Matthäi, Volker Fendrich, and Detlef K. Bartsch, University Hospital Marburg; Christoph Schicker, Martin Steinkamp, and Jens Figiel, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg; Günter Klöppel, Consultation Centre for Pancreatic and Endocrine Tumors, Technical University Munich; Peter Langer, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany; and Irene Esposito, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Carmen Guillen Ponce
- Hans Vasen, Isaura Ibrahim, Kristin Robbers, Anneke M. van Mil, Thomas Potjer, Bert A. Bonsing, Wilma Bergman, Martin Wasser, and Hans Morreau, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Wouter H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Carmen Guillen Ponce, Alfredo Carrato, Julie Earl, Evelina Mocci, Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito, Maria Muñoz-Beltran, and José Montans, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Emily P. Slater, Elvira Matthäi, Volker Fendrich, and Detlef K. Bartsch, University Hospital Marburg; Christoph Schicker, Martin Steinkamp, and Jens Figiel, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg; Günter Klöppel, Consultation Centre for Pancreatic and Endocrine Tumors, Technical University Munich; Peter Langer, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany; and Irene Esposito, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Emily P Slater
- Hans Vasen, Isaura Ibrahim, Kristin Robbers, Anneke M. van Mil, Thomas Potjer, Bert A. Bonsing, Wilma Bergman, Martin Wasser, and Hans Morreau, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Wouter H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Carmen Guillen Ponce, Alfredo Carrato, Julie Earl, Evelina Mocci, Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito, Maria Muñoz-Beltran, and José Montans, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Emily P. Slater, Elvira Matthäi, Volker Fendrich, and Detlef K. Bartsch, University Hospital Marburg; Christoph Schicker, Martin Steinkamp, and Jens Figiel, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg; Günter Klöppel, Consultation Centre for Pancreatic and Endocrine Tumors, Technical University Munich; Peter Langer, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany; and Irene Esposito, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elvira Matthäi
- Hans Vasen, Isaura Ibrahim, Kristin Robbers, Anneke M. van Mil, Thomas Potjer, Bert A. Bonsing, Wilma Bergman, Martin Wasser, and Hans Morreau, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Wouter H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Carmen Guillen Ponce, Alfredo Carrato, Julie Earl, Evelina Mocci, Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito, Maria Muñoz-Beltran, and José Montans, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Emily P. Slater, Elvira Matthäi, Volker Fendrich, and Detlef K. Bartsch, University Hospital Marburg; Christoph Schicker, Martin Steinkamp, and Jens Figiel, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg; Günter Klöppel, Consultation Centre for Pancreatic and Endocrine Tumors, Technical University Munich; Peter Langer, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany; and Irene Esposito, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alfredo Carrato
- Hans Vasen, Isaura Ibrahim, Kristin Robbers, Anneke M. van Mil, Thomas Potjer, Bert A. Bonsing, Wilma Bergman, Martin Wasser, and Hans Morreau, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Wouter H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Carmen Guillen Ponce, Alfredo Carrato, Julie Earl, Evelina Mocci, Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito, Maria Muñoz-Beltran, and José Montans, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Emily P. Slater, Elvira Matthäi, Volker Fendrich, and Detlef K. Bartsch, University Hospital Marburg; Christoph Schicker, Martin Steinkamp, and Jens Figiel, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg; Günter Klöppel, Consultation Centre for Pancreatic and Endocrine Tumors, Technical University Munich; Peter Langer, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany; and Irene Esposito, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julie Earl
- Hans Vasen, Isaura Ibrahim, Kristin Robbers, Anneke M. van Mil, Thomas Potjer, Bert A. Bonsing, Wilma Bergman, Martin Wasser, and Hans Morreau, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Wouter H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Carmen Guillen Ponce, Alfredo Carrato, Julie Earl, Evelina Mocci, Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito, Maria Muñoz-Beltran, and José Montans, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Emily P. Slater, Elvira Matthäi, Volker Fendrich, and Detlef K. Bartsch, University Hospital Marburg; Christoph Schicker, Martin Steinkamp, and Jens Figiel, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg; Günter Klöppel, Consultation Centre for Pancreatic and Endocrine Tumors, Technical University Munich; Peter Langer, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany; and Irene Esposito, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kristin Robbers
- Hans Vasen, Isaura Ibrahim, Kristin Robbers, Anneke M. van Mil, Thomas Potjer, Bert A. Bonsing, Wilma Bergman, Martin Wasser, and Hans Morreau, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Wouter H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Carmen Guillen Ponce, Alfredo Carrato, Julie Earl, Evelina Mocci, Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito, Maria Muñoz-Beltran, and José Montans, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Emily P. Slater, Elvira Matthäi, Volker Fendrich, and Detlef K. Bartsch, University Hospital Marburg; Christoph Schicker, Martin Steinkamp, and Jens Figiel, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg; Günter Klöppel, Consultation Centre for Pancreatic and Endocrine Tumors, Technical University Munich; Peter Langer, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany; and Irene Esposito, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anneke M van Mil
- Hans Vasen, Isaura Ibrahim, Kristin Robbers, Anneke M. van Mil, Thomas Potjer, Bert A. Bonsing, Wilma Bergman, Martin Wasser, and Hans Morreau, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Wouter H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Carmen Guillen Ponce, Alfredo Carrato, Julie Earl, Evelina Mocci, Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito, Maria Muñoz-Beltran, and José Montans, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Emily P. Slater, Elvira Matthäi, Volker Fendrich, and Detlef K. Bartsch, University Hospital Marburg; Christoph Schicker, Martin Steinkamp, and Jens Figiel, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg; Günter Klöppel, Consultation Centre for Pancreatic and Endocrine Tumors, Technical University Munich; Peter Langer, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany; and Irene Esposito, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Potjer
- Hans Vasen, Isaura Ibrahim, Kristin Robbers, Anneke M. van Mil, Thomas Potjer, Bert A. Bonsing, Wilma Bergman, Martin Wasser, and Hans Morreau, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Wouter H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Carmen Guillen Ponce, Alfredo Carrato, Julie Earl, Evelina Mocci, Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito, Maria Muñoz-Beltran, and José Montans, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Emily P. Slater, Elvira Matthäi, Volker Fendrich, and Detlef K. Bartsch, University Hospital Marburg; Christoph Schicker, Martin Steinkamp, and Jens Figiel, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg; Günter Klöppel, Consultation Centre for Pancreatic and Endocrine Tumors, Technical University Munich; Peter Langer, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany; and Irene Esposito, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bert A Bonsing
- Hans Vasen, Isaura Ibrahim, Kristin Robbers, Anneke M. van Mil, Thomas Potjer, Bert A. Bonsing, Wilma Bergman, Martin Wasser, and Hans Morreau, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Wouter H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Carmen Guillen Ponce, Alfredo Carrato, Julie Earl, Evelina Mocci, Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito, Maria Muñoz-Beltran, and José Montans, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Emily P. Slater, Elvira Matthäi, Volker Fendrich, and Detlef K. Bartsch, University Hospital Marburg; Christoph Schicker, Martin Steinkamp, and Jens Figiel, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg; Günter Klöppel, Consultation Centre for Pancreatic and Endocrine Tumors, Technical University Munich; Peter Langer, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany; and Irene Esposito, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wouter H de Vos Tot Nederveen Cappel
- Hans Vasen, Isaura Ibrahim, Kristin Robbers, Anneke M. van Mil, Thomas Potjer, Bert A. Bonsing, Wilma Bergman, Martin Wasser, and Hans Morreau, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Wouter H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Carmen Guillen Ponce, Alfredo Carrato, Julie Earl, Evelina Mocci, Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito, Maria Muñoz-Beltran, and José Montans, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Emily P. Slater, Elvira Matthäi, Volker Fendrich, and Detlef K. Bartsch, University Hospital Marburg; Christoph Schicker, Martin Steinkamp, and Jens Figiel, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg; Günter Klöppel, Consultation Centre for Pancreatic and Endocrine Tumors, Technical University Munich; Peter Langer, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany; and Irene Esposito, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wilma Bergman
- Hans Vasen, Isaura Ibrahim, Kristin Robbers, Anneke M. van Mil, Thomas Potjer, Bert A. Bonsing, Wilma Bergman, Martin Wasser, and Hans Morreau, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Wouter H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Carmen Guillen Ponce, Alfredo Carrato, Julie Earl, Evelina Mocci, Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito, Maria Muñoz-Beltran, and José Montans, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Emily P. Slater, Elvira Matthäi, Volker Fendrich, and Detlef K. Bartsch, University Hospital Marburg; Christoph Schicker, Martin Steinkamp, and Jens Figiel, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg; Günter Klöppel, Consultation Centre for Pancreatic and Endocrine Tumors, Technical University Munich; Peter Langer, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany; and Irene Esposito, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Wasser
- Hans Vasen, Isaura Ibrahim, Kristin Robbers, Anneke M. van Mil, Thomas Potjer, Bert A. Bonsing, Wilma Bergman, Martin Wasser, and Hans Morreau, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Wouter H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Carmen Guillen Ponce, Alfredo Carrato, Julie Earl, Evelina Mocci, Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito, Maria Muñoz-Beltran, and José Montans, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Emily P. Slater, Elvira Matthäi, Volker Fendrich, and Detlef K. Bartsch, University Hospital Marburg; Christoph Schicker, Martin Steinkamp, and Jens Figiel, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg; Günter Klöppel, Consultation Centre for Pancreatic and Endocrine Tumors, Technical University Munich; Peter Langer, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany; and Irene Esposito, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hans Morreau
- Hans Vasen, Isaura Ibrahim, Kristin Robbers, Anneke M. van Mil, Thomas Potjer, Bert A. Bonsing, Wilma Bergman, Martin Wasser, and Hans Morreau, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Wouter H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Carmen Guillen Ponce, Alfredo Carrato, Julie Earl, Evelina Mocci, Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito, Maria Muñoz-Beltran, and José Montans, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Emily P. Slater, Elvira Matthäi, Volker Fendrich, and Detlef K. Bartsch, University Hospital Marburg; Christoph Schicker, Martin Steinkamp, and Jens Figiel, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg; Günter Klöppel, Consultation Centre for Pancreatic and Endocrine Tumors, Technical University Munich; Peter Langer, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany; and Irene Esposito, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Klöppel
- Hans Vasen, Isaura Ibrahim, Kristin Robbers, Anneke M. van Mil, Thomas Potjer, Bert A. Bonsing, Wilma Bergman, Martin Wasser, and Hans Morreau, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Wouter H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Carmen Guillen Ponce, Alfredo Carrato, Julie Earl, Evelina Mocci, Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito, Maria Muñoz-Beltran, and José Montans, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Emily P. Slater, Elvira Matthäi, Volker Fendrich, and Detlef K. Bartsch, University Hospital Marburg; Christoph Schicker, Martin Steinkamp, and Jens Figiel, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg; Günter Klöppel, Consultation Centre for Pancreatic and Endocrine Tumors, Technical University Munich; Peter Langer, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany; and Irene Esposito, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Schicker
- Hans Vasen, Isaura Ibrahim, Kristin Robbers, Anneke M. van Mil, Thomas Potjer, Bert A. Bonsing, Wilma Bergman, Martin Wasser, and Hans Morreau, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Wouter H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Carmen Guillen Ponce, Alfredo Carrato, Julie Earl, Evelina Mocci, Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito, Maria Muñoz-Beltran, and José Montans, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Emily P. Slater, Elvira Matthäi, Volker Fendrich, and Detlef K. Bartsch, University Hospital Marburg; Christoph Schicker, Martin Steinkamp, and Jens Figiel, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg; Günter Klöppel, Consultation Centre for Pancreatic and Endocrine Tumors, Technical University Munich; Peter Langer, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany; and Irene Esposito, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Steinkamp
- Hans Vasen, Isaura Ibrahim, Kristin Robbers, Anneke M. van Mil, Thomas Potjer, Bert A. Bonsing, Wilma Bergman, Martin Wasser, and Hans Morreau, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Wouter H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Carmen Guillen Ponce, Alfredo Carrato, Julie Earl, Evelina Mocci, Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito, Maria Muñoz-Beltran, and José Montans, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Emily P. Slater, Elvira Matthäi, Volker Fendrich, and Detlef K. Bartsch, University Hospital Marburg; Christoph Schicker, Martin Steinkamp, and Jens Figiel, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg; Günter Klöppel, Consultation Centre for Pancreatic and Endocrine Tumors, Technical University Munich; Peter Langer, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany; and Irene Esposito, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jens Figiel
- Hans Vasen, Isaura Ibrahim, Kristin Robbers, Anneke M. van Mil, Thomas Potjer, Bert A. Bonsing, Wilma Bergman, Martin Wasser, and Hans Morreau, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Wouter H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Carmen Guillen Ponce, Alfredo Carrato, Julie Earl, Evelina Mocci, Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito, Maria Muñoz-Beltran, and José Montans, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Emily P. Slater, Elvira Matthäi, Volker Fendrich, and Detlef K. Bartsch, University Hospital Marburg; Christoph Schicker, Martin Steinkamp, and Jens Figiel, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg; Günter Klöppel, Consultation Centre for Pancreatic and Endocrine Tumors, Technical University Munich; Peter Langer, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany; and Irene Esposito, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Irene Esposito
- Hans Vasen, Isaura Ibrahim, Kristin Robbers, Anneke M. van Mil, Thomas Potjer, Bert A. Bonsing, Wilma Bergman, Martin Wasser, and Hans Morreau, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Wouter H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Carmen Guillen Ponce, Alfredo Carrato, Julie Earl, Evelina Mocci, Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito, Maria Muñoz-Beltran, and José Montans, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Emily P. Slater, Elvira Matthäi, Volker Fendrich, and Detlef K. Bartsch, University Hospital Marburg; Christoph Schicker, Martin Steinkamp, and Jens Figiel, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg; Günter Klöppel, Consultation Centre for Pancreatic and Endocrine Tumors, Technical University Munich; Peter Langer, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany; and Irene Esposito, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Evelina Mocci
- Hans Vasen, Isaura Ibrahim, Kristin Robbers, Anneke M. van Mil, Thomas Potjer, Bert A. Bonsing, Wilma Bergman, Martin Wasser, and Hans Morreau, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Wouter H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Carmen Guillen Ponce, Alfredo Carrato, Julie Earl, Evelina Mocci, Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito, Maria Muñoz-Beltran, and José Montans, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Emily P. Slater, Elvira Matthäi, Volker Fendrich, and Detlef K. Bartsch, University Hospital Marburg; Christoph Schicker, Martin Steinkamp, and Jens Figiel, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg; Günter Klöppel, Consultation Centre for Pancreatic and Endocrine Tumors, Technical University Munich; Peter Langer, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany; and Irene Esposito, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros
- Hans Vasen, Isaura Ibrahim, Kristin Robbers, Anneke M. van Mil, Thomas Potjer, Bert A. Bonsing, Wilma Bergman, Martin Wasser, and Hans Morreau, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Wouter H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Carmen Guillen Ponce, Alfredo Carrato, Julie Earl, Evelina Mocci, Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito, Maria Muñoz-Beltran, and José Montans, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Emily P. Slater, Elvira Matthäi, Volker Fendrich, and Detlef K. Bartsch, University Hospital Marburg; Christoph Schicker, Martin Steinkamp, and Jens Figiel, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg; Günter Klöppel, Consultation Centre for Pancreatic and Endocrine Tumors, Technical University Munich; Peter Langer, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany; and Irene Esposito, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alfonso Sanjuanbenito
- Hans Vasen, Isaura Ibrahim, Kristin Robbers, Anneke M. van Mil, Thomas Potjer, Bert A. Bonsing, Wilma Bergman, Martin Wasser, and Hans Morreau, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Wouter H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Carmen Guillen Ponce, Alfredo Carrato, Julie Earl, Evelina Mocci, Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito, Maria Muñoz-Beltran, and José Montans, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Emily P. Slater, Elvira Matthäi, Volker Fendrich, and Detlef K. Bartsch, University Hospital Marburg; Christoph Schicker, Martin Steinkamp, and Jens Figiel, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg; Günter Klöppel, Consultation Centre for Pancreatic and Endocrine Tumors, Technical University Munich; Peter Langer, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany; and Irene Esposito, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maria Muñoz-Beltran
- Hans Vasen, Isaura Ibrahim, Kristin Robbers, Anneke M. van Mil, Thomas Potjer, Bert A. Bonsing, Wilma Bergman, Martin Wasser, and Hans Morreau, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Wouter H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Carmen Guillen Ponce, Alfredo Carrato, Julie Earl, Evelina Mocci, Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito, Maria Muñoz-Beltran, and José Montans, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Emily P. Slater, Elvira Matthäi, Volker Fendrich, and Detlef K. Bartsch, University Hospital Marburg; Christoph Schicker, Martin Steinkamp, and Jens Figiel, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg; Günter Klöppel, Consultation Centre for Pancreatic and Endocrine Tumors, Technical University Munich; Peter Langer, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany; and Irene Esposito, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - José Montans
- Hans Vasen, Isaura Ibrahim, Kristin Robbers, Anneke M. van Mil, Thomas Potjer, Bert A. Bonsing, Wilma Bergman, Martin Wasser, and Hans Morreau, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Wouter H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Carmen Guillen Ponce, Alfredo Carrato, Julie Earl, Evelina Mocci, Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito, Maria Muñoz-Beltran, and José Montans, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Emily P. Slater, Elvira Matthäi, Volker Fendrich, and Detlef K. Bartsch, University Hospital Marburg; Christoph Schicker, Martin Steinkamp, and Jens Figiel, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg; Günter Klöppel, Consultation Centre for Pancreatic and Endocrine Tumors, Technical University Munich; Peter Langer, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany; and Irene Esposito, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Langer
- Hans Vasen, Isaura Ibrahim, Kristin Robbers, Anneke M. van Mil, Thomas Potjer, Bert A. Bonsing, Wilma Bergman, Martin Wasser, and Hans Morreau, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Wouter H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Carmen Guillen Ponce, Alfredo Carrato, Julie Earl, Evelina Mocci, Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito, Maria Muñoz-Beltran, and José Montans, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Emily P. Slater, Elvira Matthäi, Volker Fendrich, and Detlef K. Bartsch, University Hospital Marburg; Christoph Schicker, Martin Steinkamp, and Jens Figiel, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg; Günter Klöppel, Consultation Centre for Pancreatic and Endocrine Tumors, Technical University Munich; Peter Langer, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany; and Irene Esposito, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Volker Fendrich
- Hans Vasen, Isaura Ibrahim, Kristin Robbers, Anneke M. van Mil, Thomas Potjer, Bert A. Bonsing, Wilma Bergman, Martin Wasser, and Hans Morreau, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Wouter H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Carmen Guillen Ponce, Alfredo Carrato, Julie Earl, Evelina Mocci, Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito, Maria Muñoz-Beltran, and José Montans, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Emily P. Slater, Elvira Matthäi, Volker Fendrich, and Detlef K. Bartsch, University Hospital Marburg; Christoph Schicker, Martin Steinkamp, and Jens Figiel, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg; Günter Klöppel, Consultation Centre for Pancreatic and Endocrine Tumors, Technical University Munich; Peter Langer, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany; and Irene Esposito, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Detlef K Bartsch
- Hans Vasen, Isaura Ibrahim, Kristin Robbers, Anneke M. van Mil, Thomas Potjer, Bert A. Bonsing, Wilma Bergman, Martin Wasser, and Hans Morreau, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden; Wouter H. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, Isala Clinics, Zwolle, the Netherlands; Carmen Guillen Ponce, Alfredo Carrato, Julie Earl, Evelina Mocci, Enrique Vazquez-Sequeiros, Alfonso Sanjuanbenito, Maria Muñoz-Beltran, and José Montans, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain; Emily P. Slater, Elvira Matthäi, Volker Fendrich, and Detlef K. Bartsch, University Hospital Marburg; Christoph Schicker, Martin Steinkamp, and Jens Figiel, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg; Günter Klöppel, Consultation Centre for Pancreatic and Endocrine Tumors, Technical University Munich; Peter Langer, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Germany; and Irene Esposito, Innsbruck University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
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Weledji EP, Enoworock G, Mokake M, Sinju M. How Grim is Pancreatic Cancer? Oncol Rev 2016; 10:294. [PMID: 27471581 PMCID: PMC4943093 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2016.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal carcinoma continues to be the most lethal malignancy with rising incidence. It is the fourth most common cause of cancer death in the western world due to its low treatment success rate. In addition, because of its rapid growth and silent course, diagnosis is often only established in the advanced stages. As one of the most aggressive malignancies, the treatment of this disease is a great challenge to clinicians. This paper reviewed the natural history of pancreatic cancer, the current clinical practice and the future in pancreatic cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Mokake
- Department of Surgery and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Buea, Cameroon
| | - Motaze Sinju
- Department of Surgery and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Buea, Cameroon
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Laeseke PF, Chen R, Jeffrey RB, Brentnall TA, Willmann JK. Combining in Vitro Diagnostics with in Vivo Imaging for Earlier Detection of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Challenges and Solutions. Radiology 2016; 277:644-61. [PMID: 26599925 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2015141020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth-leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States and is associated with a dismal prognosis, particularly when diagnosed at an advanced stage. Overall survival is significantly improved if PDAC is detected at an early stage prior to the onset of symptoms. At present, there is no suitable screening strategy for the general population. Available diagnostic serum markers are not sensitive or specific enough, and clinically available imaging modalities are inadequate for visualizing early-stage lesions. In this article, the role of currently available blood biomarkers and imaging tests for the early detection of PDAC will be reviewed. Also, the emerging biomarkers and molecularly targeted imaging agents being developed to improve the specificity of current imaging modalities for PDAC will be discussed. A strategy incorporating blood biomarkers and molecularly targeted imaging agents could lead to improved screening and earlier detection of PDAC in the future. (©) RSNA, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Laeseke
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, Room H1307, Stanford, CA 94305-5621 (P.F.L., R.B.J., J.K.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (R.C., T.A.B.)
| | - Ru Chen
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, Room H1307, Stanford, CA 94305-5621 (P.F.L., R.B.J., J.K.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (R.C., T.A.B.)
| | - R Brooke Jeffrey
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, Room H1307, Stanford, CA 94305-5621 (P.F.L., R.B.J., J.K.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (R.C., T.A.B.)
| | - Teresa A Brentnall
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, Room H1307, Stanford, CA 94305-5621 (P.F.L., R.B.J., J.K.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (R.C., T.A.B.)
| | - Jürgen K Willmann
- From the Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, Room H1307, Stanford, CA 94305-5621 (P.F.L., R.B.J., J.K.W.); and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (R.C., T.A.B.)
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Bernard V, Fleming J, Maitra A. Molecular and Genetic Basis of Pancreatic Carcinogenesis. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2016; 25:227-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Rossi MK, Gnanamony M, Gondi CS. The 'SPARC' of life: Analysis of the role of osteonectin/SPARC in pancreatic cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2016; 48:1765-71. [PMID: 26983777 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most clinically challenging cancers to manage. An estimated 48,960 people will be diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in 2015, of that population, 94% are projected to perish within 5 years. These dismal survival rates can be attributed, in part, to an advanced diagnosis occurring in 80% of cases. The heterogeneous and dynamic microenvironment of pancreatic cancer, and the lack of both specific risk factors and efficacious screening tools contribute to the challenge of diagnosing pancreatic cancer in its early stages. These clinical challenges have directed research into the unique characteristics that define PDAC. Recently, there has been an increased focus on the interaction of tumor cells with their microenvironment in the hope of identifying new therapeutic targets. One of the most promising avenues in this new vein of research is targeting protein communication between the cancer cells and the extracellular matrix. The secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is one such extracellular matrix protein that has shown potential as a therapeutic target due to its influence on PDAC invasion and metastasis. In this review, we discuss the complex interaction of SPARC with PDAC cells and its potential to guide treatment and eventually improve the survival of patients diagnosed with this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica K Rossi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
| | - Manu Gnanamony
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
| | - Christopher S Gondi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL 61605, USA
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Le N, Sund M, Vinci A. Prognostic and predictive markers in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Dig Liver Dis 2016; 48:223-30. [PMID: 26769569 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is characterized by a poor prognosis and a low median survival, despite improvements observed for many other solid tumours. Intensive research efforts have been undertaken during the last decades to discover new prognostic and treatment predictive biomarkers for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The mainstay of medical treatment for the disease has been the well-tolerated nucleoside analogue, gemcitabine. The only targeted agent currently used in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients is the epithelial growth factor receptor inhibitor erlotinib in combination with gemcitabine. Recently, treatment regimens such as a combination of fluorouracil-leucovorin-irinotecan-oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) and the combination of nab-paclitaxel with gemcitabine have been introduced for metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Although these treatment regimens significantly improve survival of patients, there are no good predictive biomarkers available that can be used to identify who would benefit most from them. Therefore, the search for predictive biomarkers that would facilitate personalization of chemotherapy is highly relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nha Le
- Semmelweis University, Second Internal Medicine Department, Gastroenterology Division, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Malin Sund
- University of Umeå, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Alessio Vinci
- University of Pavia, Department of Surgery, IRCCS S. Matteo University Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a challenging disease, as overall survival has not improved over the last several decades. The disease is characterized by late diagnosis, difficult major surgery in resectable patients, and a biologically chemoresistant tumor. Intense research in the field is ongoing to develop biomarkers for early detection and prognostication. Surgery is presently the crux of the management of PDA and has been standardized over the years with high-volume centers reporting <5 % operative mortality. The biggest problem is to overcome the inherent chemoresistance of the tumor that is densely fibrotic and hypoxic and has a tendency to invade surrounding neuronal plexuses. This review attempts to summarize in brief the reasons why PDA is difficult to treat, and provides a glimpse of the ongoing research in the field.
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48
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Abstract
Hereditary pancreatic cancer can be diagnosed through family history and/or a personal history of pancreatitis or clinical features suggesting one of the known pancreatic cancer predisposition syndromes. This chapter describes the currently known hereditary pancreatic cancer predisposition syndromes, including Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, familial atypical multiple mole melanoma, hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer and familial adenomatous polyposis. Strategies for genetic testing for hereditary pancreatic cancer and the appropriate options for surveillance and cancer risk reduction are discussed. Finally, ongoing research and future directions in the diagnosis and management of hereditary pancreatic cancer will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy L Humphris
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Research Program, 370 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Andrew V Biankin
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Research Program, 370 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, Bearsden, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
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Norris AL, Roberts NJ, Jones S, Wheelan SJ, Papadopoulos N, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Hruban RH, Klein AP, Eshleman JR. Familial and sporadic pancreatic cancer share the same molecular pathogenesis. Fam Cancer 2015; 14:95-103. [PMID: 25240578 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-014-9755-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is nearly uniformly lethal, with a median overall survival in 2014 of only 6 months. The genetic progression of sporadic PDAC (SPC) is well established, with common somatic alterations in KRAS, p16/CDKN2A, TP53, and SMAD4/DPC4. Up to 10 % of all PDAC cases occur in families with two or more affected first-degree relatives (familial pancreatic cancer, FPC), but these cases do not appear to present at an obviously earlier age of onset. This is unusual because most familial cancer syndrome patients present at a substantially younger age than that of corresponding sporadic cases. Here we collated the reported age of onset for FPC and SPC from the literature. We then used an integrated approach including whole exomic sequencing, whole genome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and high density SNP microarrays to study a cohort of FPC cell lines and corresponding germline samples. We show that the four major SPC driver genes are also consistently altered in FPC and that each of the four detection strategies was able to detect the mutations in these genes, with one exception. We conclude that FPC undergoes a similar somatic molecular pathogenesis as SPC, and that the same gene targets can be used for early detection and minimal residual disease testing in FPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis L Norris
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Room 344, Cancer Research Building-II, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
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Zou BB, Wang F, Li L, Cheng FW, Jin R, Luo X, Zhu LX, Geng X, Zhang SQ. Activation of Toll-like receptor 7 inhibits the proliferation and migration, and induces the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:6079-85. [PMID: 26238718 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most malignant types of tumor and has a poor prognosis. Toll‑like receptor 7 (TLR7) has been found to be present and have different roles in different types of cancer cells. In the present study, the roles of TLR7 in BxPC‑3 cells, a human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line, were investigated. The cells were treated with gardiquimod, an agonist of TLR7, following which the properties of the cells, including proliferation, migration, cell cycle and apoptosis, were analyzed. It was revealed that activation of TLR7 by gardiquimod inhibited cell proliferation and migration, and induced apoptosis of the cells. In addition, gardiquimod downregulated the expression levels of cyclin B1, cyclin E and B‑cell lymphoma 2, while upregulating the expression of B‑cell‑associated X protein. These results suggested that the activation of TLR7 suppresses the progression of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Bing Zou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Wei Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Rui Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Li-Xin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Geng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Quan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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