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Barzigar S, Homaei R. Effects of positivity training on character strengths, time perspective, and self-awareness in women with depression. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2024; 85:101974. [PMID: 38795568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Depression exerts significant negative impacts across various life domains, including social interactions, occupational functioning, and economic well-being. These effects permeate both personal and interpersonal spheres. However, it seems that character strengths, time perspective, and self-awareness play a critical role in promoting mental well-being. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of positivity training on character strengths, time perspective, and self-awareness in depressed women. METHOD Purposive sampling was employed to select 50 participants with depression based on the cut-off point (a score of 20 or greater) in Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-II). They were then randomly assigned to a control group (n = 25) and an experimental group (n = 25). This quasi-experimental research adopted a pretest-posttest control group design. The experimental group received eight weekly 90-min sessions of positivity training. The control group participants did not receive any specific intervention related to depression management. The character strength scale, time perspective scale, self-awareness scale, and BDI-II were used to collect data. Data analysis methods included descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (ANCOVA). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software. RESULTS The study included a sample of 50 women diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The participants' mean age was 38.03 years (SD = 7.96). Positivity training enhanced character strengths in women with depression. Moreover, the positivity intervention affected the time perspective factors of those women. It reduced "past negative" and "present fatalistic" and increased "past positive," "present hedonistic," and "future." Finally, positivity training significantly increased self-awareness in women with depression (p < 0.01). LIMITATIONS The sample size was relatively small, which limits the statistical inferences. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study provides promising initial evidence for the potential of positivity training as an intervention to improve character strengths, time perspective, and self-awareness in women with MDD. Further research is warranted to confirm and expand upon these findings, ultimately informing the development of more comprehensive treatment approaches for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Barzigar
- Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Rezvan Homaei
- Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Chen Q, Liang C, Lu J, Jiang Z. Translation and validation of the Chinese version of the Self-awareness Scale for Nurses. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1352983. [PMID: 38694990 PMCID: PMC11061370 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1352983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Levels of self-awareness may affect the decision-making ability of clinical nurses and may also be related to mental health. Therefore, it is crucial to develop tools to identify nurses' level of self-awareness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of a short scale among Chinese nurses and to explore the factors associated with nurses' self-awareness. Methods A total of 957 participants were recruited, 549 participants were used for reliability tests and 408 subjects were used for impact factor studies. They completed the General Information Questionnaire, the Self-Awareness Scale for Nurses, and the Psychological Distress Scale. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and retest reliability were used to investigate the psychometric properties of the Self-Awareness Scale for Nurses. Multiple regression analyses were used in this study to investigate the relationship between nurses' self-awareness and the independent variables. Results A 4-factor model of the Chinese version of the Self-Awareness Scale for Nurses was validated. The overall Cronbach's alpha value for the Chinese version of the Self-Awareness Scale for Nurses was 0.873. Cronbach's alpha values for each subscale ranged from 0.808 to 0.979. Significant predictors of each dimension of the Self-awareness and the total score of the scale were age and work experience. Conclusion The Chinese version of the Self-Awareness Scale for Nurses is a valid and reliable scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Chunguang Liang
- Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jing Lu
- The Second Hospital of Chaoyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhaoquan Jiang
- Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Han HA, Klenke U, McNulty LC, Scheiner A, Milgram SL. Becoming a resilient scientist series: An intervention program. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.05.02.23289388. [PMID: 37425687 PMCID: PMC10327272 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.02.23289388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Compared to the general population, science trainees experience challenges and heightened stressors that often lead to adverse mental health outcomes. With COVID-19, the stressors of social distancing, isolation, truncated lab time, and uncertainty about the future have all likely exacerbated these issues. Now, more than ever, practical and effective interventions are vitally needed to address the core causes of stress among science trainees and increase their resilience. This paper introduces a new resilience program targeted to biomedical trainees and scientists - Becoming a Resilient Scientist Series (BRS), a multi-part workshop complemented by facilitated group discussions all aimed at bolstering resilience, particularly in the context of academic and research environments. To assess the program's efficacy, participants completed resilience measures and related assessments before and after completing the series. The results demonstrate that BRS significantly enhances trainee resilience (primary outcome) and reduces perceived stress, anxiety, and work-related presenteeism, as well as increased adaptability, self-awareness, and self-efficacy (secondary outcomes). Furthermore, program participants reported a high level of satisfaction, a strong willingness to recommend the program to others, and perceived positive changes in their resilience skills. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first resilience program designed explicitly for biomedical trainees and scientists, tailored to their unique professional culture and work environment.
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Yeo G, Tan C, Ho D, Baumeister RF. How do aspects of selfhood relate to depression and anxiety among youth? A meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4833-4855. [PMID: 37212050 PMCID: PMC10476091 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents' sense of self has important implications for their mental health. Despite more than two decades of work, scholars have yet to amass evidence across studies to elucidate the role of selfhood in the mental health of adolescents. Underpinned by the conceptual model of selfhood, this meta-analytic review investigated the strength of associations of different facets of selfhood and their associated traits with depression and anxiety, moderating factors that attenuate or exacerbate these associations, and their causal influences. Using mixed-effects modeling, which included 558 effect sizes from 298 studies and 274 370 adolescents from 39 countries, our findings revealed that adolescents' self-esteem/self-concept [r = -0.518, p < 0.0001; (95% CI -0.49 to -0.547)] and self-compassion [r = -0.455, p < 0.0001; (95% CI -0.568 to -0.343)] demonstrating largest effect sizes in their associations with depression. Self-esteem/self-concept, self-compassion, self-awareness, self-efficacy, and self-regulation had similar moderate negative associations with anxiety. Meta-regressions revealed that adolescent age and type of informants (parents v. adolescents) were important moderators. Findings on causal influences indicated bidirectional causations, particularly low self-esteem/self-concept, self-awareness and self-efficacy drive higher depression and vice-versa. In contrast, the different self traits did not demonstrate specific causal direction with anxiety. These results pinpoint self traits that are pivotal in relating to adolescent mental health functioning. We discussed the theoretical implications of our findings in terms of how they advance theory of selfhood for adolescent mental health, and the practical implications of building selfhood as cultivating psychological skills for mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- GeckHong Yeo
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cameron Tan
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dean Ho
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NUS Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roy F. Baumeister
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Ben Salem M, Karlin NJ. Dispositional Mindfulness and Positive Mindset in Emerging Adult College Students: The Mediating Role of Decentering. Psychol Rep 2023; 126:601-619. [PMID: 34970935 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211061705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging adulthood is often recognized as a time of uncertainty, confusion, pressure, and stress. This time period also coincides in the Western world with attending college. Many emerging adults arrive at this developmental stage feeling the pressure and obligation for success, but lack the interpersonal resources needed to make required choices. The purpose of this study was to provide insight into the psychological and mental state of this particular group by focusing on mechanisms of self-awareness and its connection to psychological health. The present study examines whether an indirect path could explain the relationships between mindfulness, positive thinking, and positive affect. Path analysis was used to test whether decentering fosters positive thinking and positive affect. Participants were surveyed for dispositional mindfulness, frequency of positive and negative feelings, positive thinking, and rumination. Results show decentering mediates between mindfulness and positive affect but does not mediate between mindfulness and positive thinking. Rumination counteracts the effects of mindfulness and predicts negative affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Ben Salem
- School of Psychological Sciences, 3604University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA
| | - Nancy J Karlin
- School of Psychological Sciences, 3604University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA
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Sebastian A, Hühn MP. Are Psychological Theories on Self-Awareness in Leadership Research Shaping Masters not Servant Leaders? PHILOSOPHY OF MANAGEMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40926-023-00231-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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Factors Associated With Changes in Patient-Centered Care in Undergraduate Nursing Students. Nurs Educ Perspect 2023; 44:82-86. [PMID: 36800406 DOI: 10.1097/01.nep.0000000000001054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to examine active listening, self-awareness, and empathy and how they relate to changes in patient-centered care (PCC) in undergraduate nursing students. BACKGROUND PCC is associated with better patient outcomes, but the level of PCC has been found to be low in nursing students. METHOD This secondary analysis used baseline and follow-up data at two time points from 50 undergraduate nursing students. RESULTS Changes in self-awareness were associated with changes in PCC directly (Follow-Up 1) or directly and indirectly through the effects on changes in empathy (Follow-Up 2), controlling for age, experience, and intervention. Changes in active listening were associated with changes in PCC only indirectly through the effect on changes in empathy only at Follow-Up 2. CONCLUSION Changes in self-awareness and active listening need to be the first targets of interventions to improve PCC in undergraduate nursing students.
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Tien IS, Imundo MN, Bjork EL. Viewing oneself during synchronous online learning increases appearance anxiety and decreases memory for lecture content. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.4048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid S. Tien
- Department of Education University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
| | - Megan N. Imundo
- Department of Psychology University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
| | - Elizabeth Ligon Bjork
- Department of Psychology University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
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Lim RBT, Tan CGL, Hoe KWB, Teng CWC, Müller AM, Azfar J, Narayanasamy S, Liow CH. Correlates, motivating factors, and barriers of engaging in regular self-reflection among public health students in higher education-A mixed methods approach. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1023439. [PMID: 36408036 PMCID: PMC9670312 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1023439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the wide implementation of self-reflection in higher education, the body of literature has predominantly focused on students from the clinical health sciences rather than public health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlates as well as to explore the motivating factors and barriers of engaging in regular self-reflection among public health students in higher education. We used a mixed methods approach (explanatory sequential design), comprising a cross-sectional survey (quantitative phase) followed by in-depth interviews (qualitative phase). We evaluated the association between reflection frequency as well as the perceptions and facilitators in reflection using the modified Breslow-Cox proportional hazards regression model. Prevalence ratio (PR) was generated. Thematic data analysis was carried out to analyse the qualitative data. Quantitative findings revealed being a regular reflector was positively associated with being more motivated to learn when one applied self-reflection (adjusted PR 1.60, 95% CI 1.17-2.20), the perception of being more prepared for a public health career in the future (adjusted PR 1.28, 95% CI 1.02-1.60), as well as being given enough opportunities to carry out self-reflection in the public health modules (adjusted PR 1.24, 95% CI 1.05-1.45). Qualitative findings revealed most students started their self-reflection mainly due to extrinsic factors such as institutional support, social support, teacher influence and environmental influence. Of these, the most prominent was teacher influence, indicating that they are key agents in promoting self-reflection. Students expressed that it would be important to cultivate intrinsic motivation to sustain their practice of self-reflection along the learning journey such as for the development of career-related professional skills. Other than intrinsic motivation, environmental influences were also important to promote continual reflection among students such as the availability of ample opportunities. Prominent barriers to address included external student factors such as the imbalanced power relationship between teacher and student, and internal student factors such as the perception that self-reflection was too cumbersome and time consuming.
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Adnan NBB, Baldwin C, Dafny HA, Chamberlain D. What are the essential components to implement individual-focused interventions for well-being and burnout in critical care healthcare professionals? A realist expert opinion. Front Psychol 2022; 13:991946. [PMID: 36248564 PMCID: PMC9555236 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.991946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to determine what, how, and under what circumstances individual-focused interventions improve well-being and decrease burnout for critical care healthcare professionals. Method This realist approach, expert opinion interview, was guided by the Realist And Meta-narrative Evidence Synthesis: Evolving Standards II (RAMESES II) guidelines. Semi-structured interviews with critical care experts were conducted to ascertain current and nuanced information on a set of pre-defined individual interventions summarized from a previous umbrella review. The data were appraised, and relationships between context, mechanisms, and outcomes were extracted, which created theory prepositions that refined the initial program theory. Results A total of 21 critical care experts were individually interviewed. By understanding the complex interplay between organizational and personal factors that influenced intervention uptake, it was possible to decipher the most likely implementable intervention for critical care healthcare professionals. The expert recommendation suggested that interventions should be evidence-based, accessible, inclusive, and collaborative, and promote knowledge and skill development. Unique mechanisms were also required to achieve the positive effects of the intervention due to the presence of contextual factors within critical care settings. Mechanisms identified in this study included the facilitation of self-awareness, self-regulation, autonomy, collaboration, acceptance, and inclusion (to enable a larger reach to different social groups). Conclusion This validation of a theoretical understanding of intervention that addressed well-being and burnout in critical care healthcare professionals by expert opinion demonstrated essential mechanisms and contextual factors to consider when designing and implementing interventions. Future research would benefit by piloting individual interventions and integrating these new theoretical findings to understand better their effectiveness for future translation into the "real-world" setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul B. B. Adnan
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
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Mirtabar SM, Kheirkhah F, Basirat Z, Barat S, Pahlavan Z, Ghadimi R, Gholinia H, Fateri N, ZarinKamar B, Faramarzi M. The role of psychological self-care on worry of vaccination against COVID-19 in Iranian pregnant women: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e711. [PMID: 35844827 PMCID: PMC9273940 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Although previous studies have reported some psychological factors to prevent the worry of vaccination against COVID-19 in pregnant women, the role of psychological self-care is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role of psychological self-care in pregnant women on the depressive symptoms, psychological distress, and worry of vaccination against COVID-19. Methods The present cross-sectional study was conducted during the peak of the Delta variant of COVID-19 in Babol city (North, Iran) from August to November 2021. Two hundred pregnant women referring to three prenatal clinics completed five questionnaires including; demographic characteristics, Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, psychological self-care, brief symptom inventory 18, corona disease anxiety scale, and acceptance of vaccination-3 inventory. Results Pregnant women were in relatively good condition based on psychological self-care but were not significantly associated with demographic characteristics, such as age, gestational age, educational background, pregnancy, and risk of parity. It was psychological self-care of pregnant women which negatively predicted the depressive symptoms (β = -0.311, p < 0.001), anxiety symptoms (β = -0.269, p < 0.001), psychological distress (β = -0.269, p < 0.001), and worry of vaccination against COVID-19 (β = -0.214, p < 0.001). Conclusion Women's psychological self-care plays a protective role against the depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, psychological distress, and worry of vaccination against COVID-19 during pregnancy. Clinicians need to pay more attention to the role of psychological self-care as an important factor in preventing the symptoms of anxiety and depression during regular pregnancy visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyedeh M. Mirtabar
- Student Research Committee, Health Research InstituteBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolIran
| | - Farzan Kheirkhah
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research InstituteBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolIran
| | - Zahra Basirat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research InstituteBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolIran
| | - Shahnaz Barat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research InstituteBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolIran
| | - Zeynab Pahlavan
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital, Health Research InstituteBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolIran
| | - Reza Ghadimi
- Social Medicine Department, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research InstituteBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolIran
| | - Hemmat Gholinia
- Department of Biostatistics, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research InstituteBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolIran
| | - Nooshin Fateri
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Rohani Hospital, Health Research InstituteBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolIran
| | - Banafsheh ZarinKamar
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shahid Yahya Nejad Hospital, Health Research InstituteBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolIran
| | - Mahbobeh Faramarzi
- Department of General Courses, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research InstituteBabol University of Medical SciencesBabolIran
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Carden J, Passmore J, Jones RJ. Exploring the role of self‐awareness in coach development: A grounded theory study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijtd.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Carden
- Henley Business School University of Reading Henley‐on‐Thames UK
| | | | - Rebecca J. Jones
- Henley Business School University of Reading Henley‐on‐Thames UK
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Parental Attitudes and Awareness of Sustainable Energy Consumption in the Opinion of Young People with Autistic-Spectrum Disorder (ASD); Implications for the Family Budget. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15051730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Energy efficiency through energy saving is a key trend in the modern world. Analyses have been conducted by scientists in different fields on various target groups that influence sustainable energy consumption. The aim of the research presented in this article is to determine the association between parental attitudes and awareness of sustainable energy consumption in the perception of young people with ASD (13–17 years old). This was a pilot study. The diagnostic-survey method was used, along with The Scale of Parental Attitudes by M. Plopa and an authored survey questionnaire. Deliberate random sampling was applied. A statistical analysis showed a relationship between the acceptance attitude of both parents and the autonomy attitude of one parent—the father—and awareness of sustainable energy consumption among young people with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In addition, a critical literature review confirmed the necessity of combining energy awareness and financial awareness, as each aspect, in terms of energy savings, reflects the financial situation of the household and influences the household budget. This is extremely important in the case of vulnerable groups such as households with a person with a disability (e.g., children with ASD). This research is interdisciplinary and covers important scientific fields such as pedagogy, psychology, and economics.
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Cordero DA. Down but Never Out! Narratives on Mental Health Challenges of Selected College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Philippines: God, Self, Anxiety, and Depression. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2022; 61:618-643. [PMID: 35034252 PMCID: PMC8761098 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01476-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is continuously causing serious effects on the mental health of college students due to the series of lockdowns and sudden shifting of face-to-face classes to fully online. The study aims to determine and explore the various themes that play a significant role in the development of this issue by an in-depth study of selected reflection papers submitted in class. These texts were interpreted and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings revealed three major themes: anxiety and depression as serious effects of the pandemic, God/Higher Being as the first and/or last source of support and, the essentiality of self-awareness and self-acceptance in improving mental health. These themes which are contextualized in nature hope to contribute to future research in formulating effective interventions and strategies in the war against the negative effects of the pandemic most especially for the welfare of college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalmacito A Cordero
- Department of the Theology and Religious Education (DTRE), De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines.
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Mertens ECA, Deković M, van Londen M, Reitz E. Parallel Changes in Positive Youth Development and Self-awareness: the Role of Emotional Self-regulation, Self-esteem, and Self-reflection. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2022; 23:502-512. [PMID: 35088219 PMCID: PMC9072468 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-022-01345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine whether early adolescents’ positive development (i.e., resilience and psychological wellbeing) could be enhanced by stimulating three dimensions of self-awareness: emotional self-regulation, self-esteem, and self-reflection. An experimental field study (randomized controlled trial) was conducted. Seventh grade students (N = 1299; Mage = 12.38; 54% boys) completed multiple assessments at the beginning, during, and immediately after the intervention or at parallel time points for students in the control condition. Changes in the assessed constructs were examined with parallel process latent growth curve models. The results showed that increases in emotional self-regulation and self-esteem were related to concurrent increases in both resilience and psychological wellbeing. Changes in self-reflection were, however, not related to changes in these outcomes. The trajectories of change and parallel processes were similar in the intervention and control condition. These findings suggest that interventions aiming to stimulate positive youth development might be optimized by also focusing on youth’s self-awareness, though more knowledge about how self-awareness can be stimulated best is needed. This trial was registered in the Dutch Trial Register, number NL6371 (old number: NTR6554), on July 3, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther C A Mertens
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Maja Deković
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique van Londen
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Reitz
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Shimazaki T, Okoshi H, Yamauchi T, Takenaka K, Suka M. The process of behavioral change in individuals who are uninterested in health: a qualitative study based on professional health knowledge. Environ Health Prev Med 2022; 27:32. [PMID: 35896370 PMCID: PMC9357552 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.22-00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Japan and elsewhere, there is major concern over individuals who are uninterested in health and reluctant to change their health behaviors. While previous studies have investigated cognitive and behavioral characteristics in this population, there is limited evidence on whether they recognize the significance of health, nor is it clear how to motivate necessary behavior changes. This study identified specific characteristics of positive psychological and behavioral change in individuals who were uninterested in health, then constructed a model for their behavior change process, as advised via professional health expertise in the Japanese context. METHODS This qualitative survey study was conducted among 86 health professionals (public health nurses, registered dieticians, and city/prefectural employees). These participants reported their demographic characteristics (gender, age, job, and length of service) and entered free descriptions concerning perceived cognitive and behavior changes in individuals who were uninterested in health. Finally, we thematically analyzed the contents on psychological/behavioral change and constructed a thematic map. RESULTS We obtained 409 relative descriptive codes and four main themes, including (1) Health awareness: Recognize the significance of health via personal experience and/or illness among family/friends; (2) Psychological readiness: Preparative psychological state toward health behavior; (3) Gateway behavior: Precursory behavior leading to health behavior; and (4) Health behavior: Traditional healthy lifestyle behavior, with 45 subthemes. We constructed the abovementioned thematic map according to the Transtheoretical Model. Herein, health awareness may catalyze changes in health behavior, while changes in both psychological readiness (e.g., new interest in health behaviors and attitude toward appearance) and gateway behaviors (e.g., new points of discussion and information gathering) may arise before changes in health behavior. CONCLUSIONS This study clarified positive cognitive and behavior changes in individuals who were uninterested in health and elucidated their behavior change process. As behavior changes in such individuals tend to be rigid, they are often left behind by health care systems and programs. In this regard, we identified pertinent cognitive and behavioral characteristics during the behavior change process and constructed a relevant model. These findings should be useful in developing interventions that can motivate the desire for behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shimazaki
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Hiroto Okoshi
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Yamauchi
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine
| | | | - Machi Suka
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine
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Bonnelly L, Sénéchal C, Morin D, Larivée S, Coulombe P. Investigation de l’effet des ressources personnelles dans la relation des demandes et de la santé psychologique en emploi des directions d’établissement scolaire. PSYCHOLOGIE DU TRAVAIL ET DES ORGANISATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pto.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Gul S, Mahboob U, Yasmin R, Khan RA, Baseer N, Abrar S. Know thyself: Development and validation of self-awareness of teaching skills (SATS) measuring instrument for medical teachers. MEDICAL TEACHER 2021; 43:1406-1412. [PMID: 34260863 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2021.1948518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-awareness is measured previously in the higher education however not specifically in relation to 'effectiveness of teaching' thus leaving a gap in the literature. AIM To develop and validate an instrument for medical teachers to measure the self-awareness of their teaching. METHODS This was an instrument development multiphase mixed-method study design, based on Brookfield's four lenses theory. The instrument was validated after administering content validity, cognitive pretesting, confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis. Contrasting groups' method of standard setting was used to determine the cut-off scores for the levels of self-awareness of medical teachers. RESULTS A 26-item preliminary draft instrument was reduced to a 19-item final instrument having four themes, that is; self-reflection, communication with students, student feedback, and peer review. Content Validity Scale was 0.92. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded a model with a good-to-excellent fit and an internal consistency of 0.85. The cut-off values were calculated to be 79%, 70%, 59%, and 53% for excellent, good, average and poor self-awareness of teaching skills respectively. CONCLUSION The Self-awareness of the teaching skills instrument has excellent validity and good reliability in measuring the self-awareness of teaching skills of medical teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Gul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, WATIM Medical and Dental College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Usman Mahboob
- Institute of Health Professions Education & Research (IHPER), Khyber Medical University (KMU), Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rahila Yasmin
- Riphah Academy of Research & Education, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Najma Baseer
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Saidul Abrar
- Community Medicine, Gajju Khan Medical College Swabi, Khyber, Pakistan
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Singla H, Mehta MD, Mehta P. Manifesting hope in despair: Exploring prosocial behavioural outcomes of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 2021; 71:51-67. [PMID: 34898717 PMCID: PMC8652769 DOI: 10.1111/issj.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has resulted into global devastation. This study attempts to explore the positive phenomenal impact of perceived pandemic anxiety resulting in prosocial behaviour (PB) through the mechanisms of self-awareness and spiritual transformation using terror management theory (TMT). The study also examines the moderating impact of conscious state expansion (CSE) on the self-awareness and spiritual transformation relationship, and the impact of this moderation effect is further tested separately on two gender groups. The data (N = 573) for the study were collected from the Punjab state of India during the ascending phase of outbreak. The results of PLS-SEM analysis reveal the significant influence of variables under study on prosocial behavioural outcomes. Taking insights from the findings of the study it becomes clear that during dreadful situations, when people experience the possibility of loss of life, their self-awareness level increases, which in turn results in their spiritual transformation. Such mechanism is observed more in the people possessing higher spiritual consciousness. The study concludes by recognising the positive role played by spiritual transformation (ST) in the evolution of the attributes of care and compassion for others, resulting in positive social consequences. The discussion, implications, limitations, and future directions are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minakshi Duggal Mehta
- Assistant ProfessorPost Graduate Department of CommerceHans Raj Mahila MahavidyalayaJalandharPunjabIndia
| | - Pooja Mehta
- Assistant ProfessorSri Aurobindo College of Commerce and ManagementLudhianaPunjabIndia
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20
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Eisenstadt A, Liverpool S, Metaxa AM, Ciuvat RM, Carlsson C. Acceptability, Engagement, and Exploratory Outcomes of an Emotional Well-being App: Mixed Methods Preliminary Evaluation and Descriptive Analysis. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e31064. [PMID: 34569466 PMCID: PMC8593799 DOI: 10.2196/31064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence suggesting that the emotional well-being of the public has been negatively affected in the past year. Consequently, demand for well-being support has increased. Although there is substantial empirical support for mental health apps that target diagnosed conditions, there is less research on emotional well-being apps. Among existing well-being apps, few studies have been conducted on apps that are based on lived experience and those that seek to enhance users' understanding of their emotional patterns. Thus, the acceptability of these novel apps requires further evaluation before upscaling. OBJECTIVE This evaluation aims to describe the acceptability, engagement, and preliminary outcomes of using an app (Paradym) designed to promote emotional well-being and positive mental health. METHODS This is a pre-post, mixed-methods, single-arm evaluation that is aggregated with digital analytics data. We anonymously collected real-world data on the demographics and well-being of the participants as well as the usability and acceptance of the app using validated questionnaires and open-ended questions. Participants tested the app for a minimum of 2 weeks before completing the follow-up measures. Google Analytics was used to record the level of app engagement. Chi-square and 2-tailed t tests were conducted to analyze quantitative data, and a thematic analysis approach was adopted for qualitative data. RESULTS A total of 115 participants completed baseline questionnaires, of which 79.1% (91/115) users downloaded the app. The sample was diverse in terms of ethnicity, including 43.4% (50/115) people who self-identified as belonging to minority ethnic groups. Most of the participants were female (78/115, 67.8%) and between the ages of 18 and 25 years (39/115, 33.9%). A total of 34 app users who completed questionnaires at baseline and follow-up provided valuable feedback to inform the future directions of Paradym. Favorable themes emerged describing the app's content, functionality, and underlying principles. Although usability feedback varied across items, a considerable number of participants (22/34, 64%) found that the app was easy to use. Google Analytics revealed that at least 79% (27/34) of people used the app daily. On the basis of preliminary observations, app users experience increased mental well-being. Post hoc analyses indicated that the reduction in depression scores (t33=-2.16) and the increase in the well-being measures (t33=2.87) were statistically significant. No adverse events were reported during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this evaluation are encouraging and document positive preliminary evidence for the Paradym app.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Eisenstadt
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, University College London and Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shaun Liverpool
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, University College London and Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
| | - Athina-Marina Metaxa
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Roberta Maria Ciuvat
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Mounce M, Culhane N. Utilization of an emotional intelligence workshop to enhance student pharmacists' self-awareness. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2021; 13:1478-1483. [PMID: 34799062 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study evaluated the impact of an emotional intelligence (EI) workshop as a tool to improve student pharmacists' self-awareness. The primary objectives were to assess the change in student pharmacists' self-awareness as measured by the Self-Awareness Outcomes Questionnaire (SAOQ) and identify trends in their self-reflection. EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY AND SETTING A four-hour EI workshop was delivered in a first-year required student pharmacist leadership course. The components of the workshop included: an EI assessment via the Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i 2.0) administered to student pharmacists outside of class, active learning class time that applied the principles of EI to leadership and group dynamics, and peer-to-peer discussions. Personal results of the EQ-i 2.0 were reviewed individually and in small groups. Student pharmacists completed a self-reflection and EI action plan outside of class. The SAOQ was completed before and after the workshop and the aggregated Likert scales were analyzed by paired t-tests. FINDINGS After two consecutive course offerings of the workshop (N = 100), there was a significant increase in the total SAOQ score as well as a significant increase for the three positive subscales: reflective self-development, acceptance, and proactivity. There was no change in the negative subscale: emotional costs. Student pharmacists positively perceived the workshop and reported that the activities motivated students to improve their interpersonal skills and increase extracurricular involvement. DISCUSSION Implementing an EI workshop is an effective curricular method to improve the affective domain of student development, specifically self-awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Mounce
- Clinical and Administrative Sciences, Notre Dame of Maryland University School of Pharmacy, 4701 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21210, United States
| | - Nicole Culhane
- Experiential Education, Clinical and Administrative Sciences, Notre Dame of Maryland University School of Pharmacy, 4701 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21210, United States.
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22
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Aufauvre-Poupon C, Martin-Krumm C, Duffaud A, Lafontaine A, Gibert L, Roynard F, Rouquet C, Bouillon-Minois JB, Dutheil F, Canini F, Pontis J, Leclerq F, Vannier A, Trousselard M. Subsurface Confinement: Evidence from Submariners of the Benefits of Mindfulness. Mindfulness (N Y) 2021; 12:2218-2228. [PMID: 34257734 PMCID: PMC8267514 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-021-01677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The subsurface ballistic missile nuclear submarine (SSBN) is an extreme professional environment in which personnel are both isolated and confined during patrols, which can last longer than 2 months. This environment is known to degrade submariners’ mood and cognition. Methods This exploratory, empirical study followed a cohort of 24 volunteer submariners. Dispositional mindfulness was assessed with the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory, in order to identify two groups (mindful and non-mindful) and compare change in emotional state, interoception, and health behaviors during the patrol. Results Overall, psychological health deteriorated during the patrol. However, mindful submariners demonstrated better psychological adaptation and interoception than the non-mindful group. This was associated with better subjective health behaviors (sleeping and eating). Conclusions Dispositional mindfulness appears to protect against the negative effects of long-term containment in a professional environment, such as a submarine patrol. Our work highlights that mindfulness may help individuals to cope with stress in such situations. Developing mindfulness could also be an important preventive healthcare measure during quarantine imposed by the outbreak of a serious infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles Martin-Krumm
- APEMAC/EPSAM, EA 4360, Ile du Saulcy, BP 30309, 57006 Metz, Cedex 1 France.,École de Psychologues Praticiens, Institut Catholique de Paris (Catholic Institute of Paris), VCR/ICP EA 7403-23, Rue du Montparnasse, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Anais Duffaud
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, BP73, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge, Cedex France.,Réseau ABC des psychotraumas;http://www.abcpsychotraumas.fr/, Montpellier, France
| | - Adrien Lafontaine
- Réseau ABC des psychotraumas;http://www.abcpsychotraumas.fr/, Montpellier, France.,French Military Health Service Academy, 1 Place Alphonse Laveran, 75230 Paris, Cedex 05 France
| | - Lionel Gibert
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, BP73, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge, Cedex France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Paul Brousse, Unité de Recherche PsychiatrieComorbidités-Addictions, PSYCOMADD, Villejuif, France
| | - Fabien Roynard
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, BP73, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge, Cedex France
| | - Christophe Rouquet
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, BP73, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge, Cedex France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Bouillon-Minois
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, 34 avenue Carnot, 63 037 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Emergency Medicine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, 34 avenue Carnot, 63 037 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, WittyFit, F, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Canini
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, BP73, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge, Cedex France.,Réseau ABC des psychotraumas;http://www.abcpsychotraumas.fr/, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Pontis
- French Submarines Forces Health Service, Brest, France
| | | | | | - Marion Trousselard
- APEMAC/EPSAM, EA 4360, Ile du Saulcy, BP 30309, 57006 Metz, Cedex 1 France.,French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, BP73, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge, Cedex France
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23
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An exploration of the role of coach training in developing self-awareness: a mixed methods study. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01929-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Suruliraj B, Bessenyei K, Bagnell A, McGrath P, Wozney L, Orji R, Meier S. Mobile Sensing Apps and Self-management of Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Web-Based Survey. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e24180. [PMID: 33872181 PMCID: PMC8078366 DOI: 10.2196/24180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, people had to adapt their daily life routines to the currently implemented public health measures, which is likely to have resulted in a lack of in-person social interactions, physical activity, or sleep. Such changes can have a significant impact on mental health. Mobile sensing apps can passively record the daily life routines of people, thus making them aware of maladaptive behavioral adjustments to the pandemic. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the views of people on mobile sensing apps that passively record behaviors and their potential to increase awareness and helpfulness for self-managing mental health during the pandemic. METHODS We conducted an anonymous web-based survey including people with and those without mental disorders, asking them to rate the helpfulness of mobile sensing apps for the self-management of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey was conducted in May 2020. RESULTS The majority of participants, particularly those with a mental disorder (n=106/148, 72%), perceived mobile sensing apps as very or extremely helpful for managing their mental health by becoming aware of maladaptive behaviors. The perceived helpfulness of mobile sensing apps was also higher among people who experienced a stronger health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (β=.24; 95% CI 0.16-0.33; P<.001), had a better understanding of technology (β=.17; 95% CI 0.08-0.25; P<.001), and had a higher education (β=.1; 95% CI 0.02-0.19; P=.02). CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the potential of mobile sensing apps to assist in mental health care during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kitti Bessenyei
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Alexa Bagnell
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Patrick McGrath
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Lori Wozney
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Rita Orji
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sandra Meier
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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25
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Tingaz EO, Çakmak S. Do Correlations Between Mindfulness Components and Rumination in Student Athletes Support Mindfulness Training to Reduce Rumination? Percept Mot Skills 2021; 128:1409-1420. [PMID: 33853451 DOI: 10.1177/00315125211005243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the relationship between mindfulness and rumination among student-athletes. Ninety-seven young adult student-athletes (38.1% female, 61.9% male; Mage = 22.52, SD = 3.53) completed both the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport and the Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire. Among these participants, we observed a significant positive correlation between rumination and the awareness sub-dimension of mindfulness. We also observed significant negative correlations between rumination and two scores from the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport: non-judgment and overall mindfulness. Awareness, non-judgment, and mindfulness were all significant predictors of rumination in a linear regression analysis. While these are correlational data that do not permit causal inferences, these findings raise the possibility, in this population, that awareness triggers ruminative thoughts and overall mindfulness might represent a coping tool for rumination. Further research is needed to test this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Ozan Tingaz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Psychology, Institute of Social Sciences, Çağ University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Soner Çakmak
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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26
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Davis AK, Barrett FS, So S, Gukasyan N, Swift TC, Griffiths RR. Development of the Psychological Insight Questionnaire among a sample of people who have consumed psilocybin or LSD. J Psychopharmacol 2021; 35:437-446. [PMID: 33427007 PMCID: PMC8056708 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120967878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several measures have been developed to examine acute psychedelic effects (e.g. mystical-type and challenging experiences), but no measure assesses acute psychologically insightful experiences that may occur during psychedelic experiences. AIM The purpose of this study was to develop and examine the psychometric properties of the Psychological Insight Questionnaire. METHOD A cross-sectional survey study among psilocybin and LSD users. Respondents (n=1661; Mage=22.9, standard deviation=8.5; Caucasian/White=83%; non-Hispanic=91%; men=72%; United States resident=66%) completed an Internet-based survey. RESULTS The Psychological Insight Questionnaire consists of 23 items with two subscales: (a) Avoidance and Maladaptive Patterns Insights and (b) Goals and Adaptive Patterns Insights. Construct validity of the Psychological Insight Questionnaire was supported by strong correlations of the Psychological Insight Questionnaire (and Avoidance and Maladaptive Patterns Insights and Goals and Adaptive Patterns Insights subscales) scores with the insight subscale of the Session Impacts Scale, and weak-to-moderate correlations with the Mystical Experiences and Challenging Experiences Questionnaires. Furthermore, Psychological Insight Questionnaire (and Avoidance and Maladaptive Patterns Insights and Goals and Adaptive Patterns Insights subscales) scores were moderately-to-strongly correlated with retrospectively reported increases in psychological flexibility, and well-being/life satisfaction that were attributed to a memorable psychedelic experience. Lastly, incremental validity was established showing that the Psychological Insight Questionnaire (and Avoidance and Maladaptive Patterns Insights subscale) scores predict unique variance in changes in psychological flexibility, and Psychological Insight Questionnaire (and Avoidance and Maladaptive Patterns Insights and Goals and Adaptive Patterns Insights subscales) scores predict changes in well-being and life satisfaction, beyond measures of acute mystical-type and challenging effects. CONCLUSIONS The Psychological Insight Questionnaire has the potential to extend the understanding of the acute and enduring effects of psychedelics. Further longitudinal research is necessary to determine the long-term predictive validity of the Psychological Insight Questionnaire and to examine the role of psychological insight in predicting therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan K Davis
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
- Center for Psychedelic and Conscioussness Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Frederick S Barrett
- Center for Psychedelic and Conscioussness Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Sara So
- Center for Psychedelic and Conscioussness Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Natalie Gukasyan
- Center for Psychedelic and Conscioussness Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Thomas C Swift
- Center for Psychedelic and Conscioussness Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- RiverStyx Foundation, Kirkland, USA
| | - Roland R Griffiths
- Center for Psychedelic and Conscioussness Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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Baker FRL, Baker KL, Burrell J. Introducing the skills‐based model of personal resilience: Drawing on content and process factors to build resilience in the workplace. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/joop.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin L. Baker
- East Midlands Psychology Ltd Nottingham UK
- St Andrews Healthcare, William Wake House Northampton UK
| | - Jo Burrell
- East Midlands Psychology Ltd Nottingham UK
- Clinical Psychology Unit University of Sheffield UK
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28
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Stefan CA, Cheie L. Self-compassion and social anxiety in late adolescence: Contributions of self-reflection and insight. SELF AND IDENTITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2020.1861082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lavinia Cheie
- Research in Individual Differences and Legal Psychology (RIDDLE) Lab, Department of Psychology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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29
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Thatcher C. In Dialogue: How Writing to the Dead and the Living Can Increase Self-Awareness in Those Bereaved by Addiction. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2020; 86:434-456. [PMID: 33256499 PMCID: PMC9634331 DOI: 10.1177/0030222820976277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article examines how writing can increase the self-awareness of a socially
isolated and often stigmatized population: those bereaved by addiction. Writing
about a traumatic event has been shown to increase self-awareness which can
improve health and regulate negative behaviors. Using narrative analysis on the
writing of individuals bereaved by addiction, this study found that participants
were able to increase their self-awareness through writing to the dead, the
living and themselves. Participants’ writing also demonstrated their attempts to
make sense and make meaning out of their loss which are both strong predictors
of positive health outcomes. All participants in this study demonstrated
increased self-awareness as well as sense-making and/or meaning-making which can
lead to improvements in behavior regulation, psychological health and physical
heath. This suggests that writing may be a uniquely beneficial therapeutic
intervention for those experiencing disenfranchised grief as a result of
bereavement by addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Thatcher
- Cardiff School of Education and Social Policy, Department of Humanities, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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30
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Pakenham KI, Viskovich S. Pilot evaluation of the impacts of a personal practice informed undergraduate psychotherapy curriculum on student learning and wellbeing. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ap.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Rasheed SP, Sundus A, Younas A, Fakhar J, Inayat S. Development and Testing of a Measure of Self-awareness Among Nurses. West J Nurs Res 2020; 43:36-44. [DOI: 10.1177/0193945920923079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Self-awareness is an essential nursing competency and there is limited knowledge about nurses’ levels and application of self-awareness and instruments to measure nursing-specific self-awareness. Using mixed methods, we developed and tested a scale to measure nurses’ self-awareness. First, 13 nurses were interviewed to understand their meanings of self-awareness and to develop nursing-specific self-awareness scale. Qualitative analysis generated professional, personal, contextual, and contentious aspects of self-awareness. Second, a 25-item scale assessed through expert consultations and pilot testing with 252 nurses. The content validity index was 0.94. After psychometric testing, seven items were deleted. Cronbach’s alpha for the 18-item scale was 0.87 and the four-factor structure accounted for 45.55% of the variance. Lastly, the final scale was administered to 216 nurses. Nurses’ had moderate self-awareness (59.65 ± 7.01), significantly associated with age and years of the clinical and educational experience. Intensive care nurses were more self-aware than nurses in other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subia Parveen Rasheed
- RN, MN, Independent Researcher, Former Assistant Professor at Shifa College of Nursing in Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amara Sundus
- Foundation University Islamabad, College of Nursing, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Ali Medical Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahtisham Younas
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada
- Shifa College of Nursing, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Joel Fakhar
- Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Inayat
- College of Nursing, Isra University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Kurebayashi Y, Harada Y. Effect of process recording and self-compassion on self-focus: A pre-post interventional pilot study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.14687/jhs.v17i1.5753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Research Problem/aim: This study examined whether process recording increases self-focus, and whether this effect is moderated by self-compassion.
Methods: Participants included 31 undergraduates in Tokyo. A pre-post-test design was used. Participants completed measures including self-focus and self-compassion before and after process recording. Participants were divided into high and low self-compassion groups. Findings: Overall, the mean rumination and reflection scores were 42.0 and 37.9, respectively, at pre-intervention. The low self-compassion group (n = 14) showed no significant changes in either subscale. The high self-compassion group (n = 17) showed a significant reduction in rumination.
Conclusions: Overall, process recording does not influence self-focus, but does reduce rumination in those with high self-compassion. Enhancing self-compassion is needed before using process recording to prevent excessive rumination.
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Williams JC, Ireland T, Warman S, Cake MA, Dymock D, Fowler E, Baillie S. Instruments to measure the ability to self-reflect: A systematic review of evidence from workplace and educational settings including health care. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2019; 23:389-404. [PMID: 31108006 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Self-reflection has become recognised as a core skill in dental education, although the ability to self-reflect is valued and measured within several professions. This review appraises the evidence for instruments available to measure the self-reflective ability of adults studying or working within any setting, not just health care. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review was conducted of 20 electronic databases (including Medline, ERIC, CINAHL and Business Source Complete) from 1975 to 2017, supplemented by citation searches. Data were extracted from each study and the studies graded against quality indicators by at least two independent reviewers, using a coding sheet. Reviewers completed a utility analysis of the assessment instruments described within included studies, appraising their reported reliability, validity, educational impact, acceptability and cost. RESULTS A total of 131 studies met the inclusion criteria. Eighteen were judged to provide higher quality evidence for the review and three broad types of instrument were identified, namely: rubrics (or scoring guides), self-reported scales and observed behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Three types of instrument were identified to assess the ability to self-reflect. It was not possible to recommend a single most effective instrument due to under reporting of the criteria necessary for a full utility analysis of each. The use of more than one instrument may therefore be appropriate dependent on the acceptability to the faculty, assessor, student and cost. Future research should report on the utility of assessment instruments and provide guidance on what constitutes thresholds of acceptable or unacceptable ability to self-reflect, and how this should be managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C Williams
- Bristol Dental School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tony Ireland
- Bristol Dental School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sheena Warman
- Bristol Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Martin A Cake
- School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Dymock
- Bristol Dental School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ellayne Fowler
- Centre for Medical Education, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah Baillie
- Bristol Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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My Mind is Working Overtime-Towards an Integrative Perspective of Psychological Detachment, Work-Related Rumination, and Work Reflection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16162987. [PMID: 31434205 PMCID: PMC6719247 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the literature on occupational stress and recovery from work, several facets of thinking about work during off-job time have been conceptualized. However, research on the focal concepts is currently rather diffuse. In this study we take a closer look at the five most well-established concepts: (1) psychological detachment, (2) affective rumination, (3) problem-solving pondering, (4) positive work reflection, and (5) negative work reflection. More specifically, we scrutinized (1) whether the five facets of work-related rumination are empirically distinct, (2) whether they yield differential associations with different facets of employee well-being (burnout, work engagement, thriving, satisfaction with life, and flourishing), and (3) to what extent the five facets can be distinguished from and relate to conceptually similar constructs, such as irritation, worry, and neuroticism. We applied structural equation modeling techniques to cross-sectional survey data from 474 employees. Our results provide evidence for (1) five correlated, yet empirically distinct facets of work-related rumination. (2) Each facet yields a unique pattern of association with the eight aspects of employee well-being. For instance, detachment is strongly linked to satisfaction with life and flourishing. Affective rumination is linked particularly to burnout. Problem-solving pondering and positive work reflection yield the strongest links to work engagement. (3) The five facets of work-related rumination are distinct from related concepts, although there is a high overlap between (lower levels of) psychological detachment and cognitive irritation. Our study contributes to clarifying the structure of work-related rumination and extends the nomological network around different types of thinking about work during off-job time and employee well-being.
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