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Taylor A, Xu J, Rogozinski N, Fu H, Molina Cortez L, McMahan S, Perez K, Chang Y, Pan Z, Yang H, Liao J, Hong Y. Reduced Graphene-Oxide-Doped Elastic Biodegradable Polyurethane Fibers for Cardiomyocyte Maturation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3759-3774. [PMID: 38800901 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Conductive biomaterials offer promising solutions to enhance the maturity of cultured cardiomyocytes. While the conventional culture of cardiomyocytes on nonconductive materials leads to more immature characteristics, conductive microenvironments have the potential to support sarcomere development, gap junction formation, and beating of cardiomyocytes in vitro. In this study, we systematically investigated the behaviors of cardiomyocytes on aligned electrospun fibrous membranes composed of elastic and biodegradable polyurethane (PU) doped with varying concentrations of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Compared to PU and PU-4%rGO membranes, the PU-10%rGO membrane exhibited the highest conductivity, approaching levels close to those of native heart tissue. The PU-rGO membranes retained anisotropic viscoelastic behavior similar to that of the porcine left ventricle and a superior tensile strength. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) and human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) on the PU-rGO membranes displayed enhanced maturation with cell alignment and enhanced sarcomere structure and gap junction formation with PU-10%rGO having the most improved sarcomere structure and CX-43 presence. hiPSC-CMs on the PU-rGO membranes exhibited a uniform and synchronous beating pattern compared with that on PU membranes. Overall, PU-10%rGO exhibited the best performance for cardiomyocyte maturation. The conductive PU-rGO membranes provide a promising matrix for in vitro cardiomyocyte culture with promoted cell maturation/functionality and the potential for cardiac disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Taylor
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Jiazhu Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Nicholas Rogozinski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, United States
| | - Huikang Fu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Lia Molina Cortez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Sara McMahan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Karla Perez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Yan Chang
- Department of Graduate Nursing, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76010, United States
| | - Zui Pan
- Department of Graduate Nursing, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76010, United States
| | - Huaxiao Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, United States
| | - Jun Liao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Yi Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
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2
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Zheng Z, Tang W, Li Y, Ai Y, Tu Z, Yang J, Fan C. Advancing cardiac regeneration through 3D bioprinting: methods, applications, and future directions. Heart Fail Rev 2024; 29:599-613. [PMID: 37943420 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-023-10367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a paramount global mortality concern, and their prevalence is on a relentless ascent. Despite the effectiveness of contemporary medical interventions in mitigating CVD-related fatality rates and complications, their efficacy remains curtailed by an array of limitations. These include the suboptimal efficiency of direct cell injection and an inherent disequilibrium between the demand and availability of heart transplantations. Consequently, the imperative to formulate innovative strategies for cardiac regeneration therapy becomes unmistakable. Within this context, 3D bioprinting technology emerges as a vanguard contender, occupying a pivotal niche in the realm of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This state-of-the-art methodology holds the potential to fabricate intricate heart tissues endowed with multifaceted structures and functionalities, thereby engendering substantial promise. By harnessing the prowess of 3D bioprinting, it becomes plausible to synthesize functional cardiac architectures seamlessly enmeshed with the host tissue, affording a viable avenue for the restitution of infarcted domains and, by extension, mitigating the onerous yoke of CVDs. In this review, we encapsulate the myriad applications of 3D bioprinting technology in the domain of heart tissue regeneration. Furthermore, we usher in the latest advancements in printing methodologies and bioinks, culminating in an exploration of the extant challenges and the vista of possibilities inherent to a diverse array of approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Middle Renmin Road 139, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Weijie Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Middle Renmin Road 139, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yichen Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Middle Renmin Road 139, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yinze Ai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Middle Renmin Road 139, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Zhi Tu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Middle Renmin Road 139, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Jinfu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Middle Renmin Road 139, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Chengming Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Middle Renmin Road 139, Changsha, 410011, China.
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3
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Avolio E, Campagnolo P, Katare R, Madeddu P. The role of cardiac pericytes in health and disease: therapeutic targets for myocardial infarction. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:106-118. [PMID: 37542118 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00913-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Millions of cardiomyocytes die immediately after myocardial infarction, regardless of whether the culprit coronary artery undergoes prompt revascularization. Residual ischaemia in the peri-infarct border zone causes further cardiomyocyte damage, resulting in a progressive decline in contractile function. To date, no treatment has succeeded in increasing the vascularization of the infarcted heart. In the past decade, new approaches that can target the heart's highly plastic perivascular niche have been proposed. The perivascular environment is populated by mesenchymal progenitor cells, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and pericytes, which can together mount a healing response to the ischaemic damage. In the infarcted heart, pericytes have crucial roles in angiogenesis, scar formation and stabilization, and control of the inflammatory response. Persistent ischaemia and accrual of age-related risk factors can lead to pericyte depletion and dysfunction. In this Review, we describe the phenotypic changes that characterize the response of cardiac pericytes to ischaemia and the potential of pericyte-based therapy for restoring the perivascular niche after myocardial infarction. Pericyte-related therapies that can salvage the area at risk of an ischaemic injury include exogenously administered pericytes, pericyte-derived exosomes, pericyte-engineered biomaterials, and pharmacological approaches that can stimulate the differentiation of constitutively resident pericytes towards an arteriogenic phenotype. Promising preclinical results from in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that pericytes have crucial roles in the treatment of coronary artery disease and the prevention of post-ischaemic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Avolio
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Paola Campagnolo
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Rajesh Katare
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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4
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Mehrotra S, Dey S, Sachdeva K, Mohanty S, Mandal BB. Recent advances in tailoring stimuli-responsive hybrid scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering and allied applications. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:10297-10331. [PMID: 37905467 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00450c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
To recapitulate bio-physical properties and functional behaviour of native heart tissues, recent tissue engineering-based approaches are focused on developing smart/stimuli-responsive materials for interfacing cardiac cells. Overcoming the drawbacks of the traditionally used biomaterials, these smart materials portray outstanding mechanical and conductive properties while promoting cell-cell interaction and cell-matrix transduction cues in such excitable tissues. To date, a large number of stimuli-responsive materials have been employed for interfacing cardiac tissues alone or in combination with natural/synthetic materials for cardiac tissue engineering. However, their comprehensive classification and a comparative analysis of the role played by these materials in regulating cardiac cell behaviour and in vivo metabolism are much less discussed. In an attempt to cover the recent advances in fabricating stimuli-responsive biomaterials for engineering cardiac tissues, this review details the role of these materials in modulating cardiomyocyte behaviour, functionality and surrounding matrix properties. Furthermore, concerns and challenges regarding the clinical translation of these materials and the possibility of using such materials for the fabrication of bio-actuators and bioelectronic devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Mehrotra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahti-781039, Assam, India. biman.mandal@iitg,ac.in
| | - Souradeep Dey
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahti-781039, Assam, India
| | - Kunj Sachdeva
- DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahti-781039, Assam, India. biman.mandal@iitg,ac.in
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahti-781039, Assam, India
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
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The Exciting Realities and Possibilities of iPS-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020237. [PMID: 36829731 PMCID: PMC9952364 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become a prevalent topic after their discovery, advertised as an ethical alternative to embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Due to their ability to differentiate into several kinds of cells, including cardiomyocytes, researchers quickly realized the potential for differentiated cardiomyocytes to be used in the treatment of heart failure, a research area with few alternatives. This paper discusses the differentiation process for human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and the possible applications of said cells while answering some questions regarding ethical issues.
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Cell-Based and Selected Cell-Free Therapies for Myocardial Infarction: How Do They Compare to the Current Treatment Options? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810314. [PMID: 36142245 PMCID: PMC9499607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of cardiomyocyte death or dysfunction frequently caused by myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in modern society. Paradoxically, only limited and non-curative therapies for heart failure or MI are currently available. As a result, over the past two decades research has focused on developing cell-based approaches promoting the regeneration of infarcted tissue. Cell-based therapies for myocardial regeneration include powerful candidates, such as multipotent stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), bone-marrow-derived stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and hematopoietic stem cells) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These possess unique properties, such as potency to differentiate into desired cell types, proliferation capacity, and patient specificity. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated modest improvement in the myocardial regeneration and reduced infarcted areas upon transplantation of pluripotent or multipotent stem cells. Another cell population that need to be considered as a potential source for cardiac regeneration are telocytes found in different organs, including the heart. Their therapeutic effect has been studied in various heart pathologies, such as MI, arrhythmias, or atrial amyloidosis. The most recent cell-free therapeutic tool relies on the cardioprotective effect of complex cargo carried by small membrane-bound vesicles—exosomes—released from stem cells via exocytosis. The MSC/iPSC-derived exosomes could be considered a novel exosome-based therapy for cardiovascular diseases thanks to their unique content. There are also other cell-free approaches, e.g., gene therapy, or acellular cardiac patches. Therefore, our review provides the most recent insights into the novel strategies for myocardial repair based on the regenerative potential of different cell types and cell-free approaches.
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Zhang Z, Dalan R, Hu Z, Wang JW, Chew NW, Poh KK, Tan RS, Soong TW, Dai Y, Ye L, Chen X. Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202169. [PMID: 35470476 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to play key roles in the progression of diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia, which are independent risk factors that lead to atherosclerosis and the development of IHD. Engineered biomaterial-based nanomedicines are under extensive investigation and exploration, serving as smart and multifunctional nanocarriers for synergistic therapeutic effect. Capitalizing on cell/molecule-targeting drug delivery, nanomedicines present enhanced specificity and safety with favorable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Herein, the roles of ROS in both IHD and its risk factors are discussed, highlighting cardiovascular medications that have antioxidant properties, and summarizing the advantages, properties, and recent achievements of nanomedicines that have ROS scavenging capacity for the treatment of diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, ischemia/reperfusion, and myocardial infarction. Finally, the current challenges of nanomedicines for ROS-scavenging treatment of IHD and possible future directions are discussed from a clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zhang
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Rinkoo Dalan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 408433, Singapore
| | - Zhenyu Hu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Ws Chew
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Kian-Keong Poh
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Ru-San Tan
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 119609, Singapore
| | - Tuck Wah Soong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Yunlu Dai
- Cancer Centre and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macao, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
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8
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Long C, Guo R, Han R, Li K, Wan Y, Xu J, Gong X, Zhao Y, Yao X, Liu J. Effects of macrophages on the proliferation and cardiac differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:108. [PMID: 35850719 PMCID: PMC9290307 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00916-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophage phenotypes switch from proinflammatory (M1) to anti-inflammatory (M2) following myocardial injury. Implanted stem cells (e.g., induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)) for cardiomyogenesis will inevitably contact the inflammatory environment at the myocardial infarction site. To understand how the macrophages affect the behavior of iPSCs, therefore, improve the therapeutic efficacy, we generated three macrophage subtypes and assessed their effects on the proliferation, cardiac differentiation, and maturation of iPSCs. Methods M0, M1, and M2 macrophages were polarized using cytokines, and their properties were confirmed by the expression of specific markers using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunofluorescence. The effects of macrophages on iPSCs were studied using Transwell co-culture models. The proliferative ability of iPSCs was investigated by cell counting and CCK-8 assays. The cardiac differentiation ability of iPSCs was determined by the cardiomyocyte (CM) yield. The maturation of CM was analyzed by the expression of cardiac-specific genes using RT-qPCR, the sarcomere organization using immunofluorescence, and the mitochondrial function using oxidative respiration analysis. Results The data showed that the co-culture of iPSCs with M0, M1, or M2 macrophages significantly decreased iPSCs’ proliferative ability. M2 macrophages did not affect the CM yield during the cardiac differentiation of iPSCs. Still, they promoted the maturation of CM by improving sarcomeric structures, increasing contractile- and ion transport-associated gene expression, and enhancing mitochondrial respiration. M0 macrophages did not significantly affect the cardiomyogenesis ability of iPSCs during co-culture. In contrast, co-culture with M1 macrophages significantly reduced the cardiac differentiation and maturation of iPSCs. Conclusions M1- or M2-polarized macrophages play critical roles in the proliferation, cardiac differentiation, and maturation of iPSCs, providing knowledge to improve the outcomes of stem cell regeneration therapy. Video abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-022-00916-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canling Long
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruijuan Han
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Kang Li
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanbing Wan
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiqing Xu
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gong
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhao
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinhuang Yao
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China.
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9
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Bersie-Larson LM, Lai VK, Dhume RY, Provenzano PP, Barocas VH, Tranquillo RT. Elucidating the signal for contact guidance contained in aligned fibrils with a microstructural-mechanical model. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20210951. [PMID: 35582810 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its importance in physiological processes and tissue engineering, the mechanism underlying cell contact guidance in an aligned fibrillar network has defied elucidation due to multiple interdependent signals that such a network presents to cells, namely, anisotropy of adhesion, porosity and mechanical behaviour. A microstructural-mechanical model of fibril networks was used to assess the relative magnitudes of these competing signals in networks of varied alignment strength based on idealized cylindrical pseudopods projected into the aligned and orthogonal directions and computing the anisotropy of metrics chosen for adhesion, porosity and mechanical behaviour: cylinder-fibre contact area for adhesion, persistence length of pores for porosity and total force to displace fibres from the cylindrical volume as well as network stiffness experienced upon cylinder retraction for mechanical behaviour. The signals related to mechanical anisotropy are substantially higher than adhesion and porosity anisotropy, especially at stronger network alignments, although their signal to noise (S/N) values are substantially lower. The former finding is consistent with a recent report that fibroblasts can sense fibril alignment via anisotropy of network mechanical resistance, and the model reveals this can be due to either mechanical resistance to pseudopod protrusion or retraction given their signal and S/N values are similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Bersie-Larson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Victor K Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota - Duluth, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Rohit Y Dhume
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Paolo P Provenzano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Victor H Barocas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Robert T Tranquillo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Nakazato T, Kawamura T, Uemura T, Liu L, Li J, Sasai M, Harada A, Ito E, Iseoka H, Toda K, Sawa Y, Miyagawa S. Engineered three-dimensional cardiac tissues maturing in a rotating wall vessel bioreactor remodel diseased hearts in rats with myocardial infarction. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1170-1182. [PMID: 35427484 PMCID: PMC9133656 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor was constructed for growing massive functional cardiac constructs to recover the function of a distressed rat heart. Three-dimensional cardiac tissues were engineered by seeding human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) fiber sheets (3D-hiPSC-CTs) and cultured in the RWV bioreactor (RWV group) or under static conditions (control group). The tissues were transplanted into a myocardial infarction nude rat model, and cardiac performance was evaluated. In the RWV group, cell viability and contractile and electrical properties significantly improved, mature cardiomyocytes were observed, and mechanical stress-related mediators of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling were upregulated compared with those of the control. Four weeks post-transplantation, tissue survival and left ventricular ejection fraction significantly improved in the RWV group. Hence, dynamic culture in an RWV bioreactor could provide a superior culture environment for improved performance of 3D-hiPSC-CTs, providing a means for functional cardiomyogenesis in myocyte-loss heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Nakazato
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuji Kawamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Uemura
- Department of Precise and Science Technology, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Cell Culture Marketing & Research Center, JTEC Corporation, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junjun Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masao Sasai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akima Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emiko Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Iseoka
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Toda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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11
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Williams MAC, Mair DB, Lee W, Lee E, Kim DH. Engineering Three-Dimensional Vascularized Cardiac Tissues. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2022; 28:336-350. [PMID: 33559514 PMCID: PMC9063162 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Heart disease is one of the largest burdens to human health worldwide and has very limited therapeutic options. Engineered three-dimensional (3D) vascularized cardiac tissues have shown promise in rescuing cardiac function in diseased hearts and may serve as a whole organ replacement in the future. One of the major obstacles in reconstructing these thick myocardial tissues to a clinically applicable scale is the integration of functional vascular networks capable of providing oxygen and nutrients throughout whole engineered constructs. Without perfusion of oxygen and nutrient flow throughout the entire engineered tissue not only is tissue viability compromised, but also overall tissue functionality is lost. There are many supporting technologies and approaches that have been developed to create vascular networks such as 3D bioprinting, co-culturing hydrogels, and incorporation of soluble angiogenic factors. In this state-of-the-art review, we discuss some of the most current engineered vascular cardiac tissues reported in the literature and future directions in the field. Impact statement The field of cardiac tissue engineering is rapidly evolving and is now closer than ever to having engineered tissue models capable of predicting preclinical responses to therapeutics, modeling diseases, and being used as a means of rescuing cardiac function following injuries to the native myocardium. However, a major obstacle of engineering thick cardiac tissue remains to be the integration of functional vasculature. In this review, we highlight seminal and recently published works that have influenced and pushed the field of cardiac tissue engineering toward achieving vascularized functional tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devin B. Mair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wonjae Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Esak Lee
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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12
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Progress in Bioengineering Strategies for Heart Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073482. [PMID: 35408844 PMCID: PMC8998628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The human heart has the least regenerative capabilities among tissues and organs, and heart disease continues to be a leading cause of mortality in the industrialized world with insufficient therapeutic options and poor prognosis. Therefore, developing new therapeutic strategies for heart regeneration is a major goal in modern cardiac biology and medicine. Recent advances in stem cell biology and biotechnologies such as human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and cardiac tissue engineering hold great promise for opening novel paths to heart regeneration and repair for heart disease, although these areas are still in their infancy. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent progress in cardiac tissue engineering strategies, highlighting stem cell engineering and cardiomyocyte maturation, development of novel functional biomaterials and biofabrication tools, and their therapeutic applications involving drug discovery, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine for heart disease.
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13
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Optogenetic Control of Engrafted Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes in Live Mice: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060951. [PMID: 35326403 PMCID: PMC8946017 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cellular transplantation has emerged as promising approach for treating cardiac diseases. However, a poor engraftment rate limits our understanding on how transplanted cardiomyocytes contribute to cardiac function in the recipient’s heart. Methods: The CRISPR/Cas9 technique was employed for stable and constitutive gene expression in human-induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Myocardial infarction was induced in adult immunodeficient mice, followed by intramyocardial injection of hiPSC-CMs expressing either CCND2/channelrhodopsin 2 (hiPSC-CCND2OE/ChR2OECMs) or CCND2/luciferase (hiPSC-CCND2OE/LuciOECMs). Six months later, hemodynamics and intramural electrocardiogram were recorded upon blue light illuminations in anesthetized, open-chest mice. Results: Blue light resets automaticity of spontaneously beating hiPSC-CCND2OE/ChR2OECMs in culture, but not that of hiPSC-CCND2OE/LuciOECMs. Response to blue light was also observed in mice carrying large (>106 cells) intracardiac grafts of hiPSC-CCND2OE/ChR2OECM but not in mice carrying hiPSC-CCND2OE/LuciOECMs. The former exhibited single premature ventricular contractions upon light illumination or ventricular quadrigeminy upon second-long illuminations. At the onset of premature ventricular contractions, maximal systolic ventricular pressure decreased while ventricular volume rose concomitantly. Light-induced changes reversed upon resumption of sinus rhythm. Conclusions: We established an in vivo model for optogenetic-based modulation of the excitability of donor cardiomyocytes in a functional, reversible, and localized manner. This approach holds unique value for studying electromechanical coupling and molecular interactions between donor cardiomyocytes and recipient hearts in live animals.
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14
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Li M, Wu H, Yuan Y, Hu B, Gu N. Recent fabrications and applications of cardiac patch in myocardial infarction treatment. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- The Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Yuehui Yuan
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Benhui Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Ning Gu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing China
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15
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Goonoo N. Tunable Biomaterials for Myocardial Tissue Regeneration: Promising New Strategies for Advanced Biointerface Control and Improved Therapeutic Outcomes. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:1626-1646. [DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01641e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Following myocardial infarction (MI) and the natural healing process, the cardiac mechanostructure changes significantly leading to reduced contractile ability and putting additional pressure on the heart muscle thereby increasing the...
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16
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iPSC Therapy for Myocardial Infarction in Large Animal Models: Land of Hope and Dreams. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121836. [PMID: 34944652 PMCID: PMC8698445 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is the main driver of heart failure due to ischemia and subsequent cell death, and cell-based strategies have emerged as promising therapeutic methods to replace dead tissue in cardiovascular diseases. Research in this field has been dramatically advanced by the development of laboratory-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that harbor the capability to become any cell type. Like other experimental strategies, stem cell therapy must meet multiple requirements before reaching the clinical trial phase, and in vivo models are indispensable for ensuring the safety of such novel therapies. Specifically, translational studies in large animal models are necessary to fully evaluate the therapeutic potential of this approach; to empirically determine the optimal combination of cell types, supplementary factors, and delivery methods to maximize efficacy; and to stringently assess safety. In the present review, we summarize the main strategies employed to generate iPSCs and differentiate them into cardiomyocytes in large animal species; the most critical differences between using small versus large animal models for cardiovascular studies; and the strategies that have been pursued regarding implanted cells' stage of differentiation, origin, and technical application.
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17
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Yu D, Wang X, Ye L. Cardiac Tissue Engineering for the Treatment of Myocardial Infarction. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8110153. [PMID: 34821706 PMCID: PMC8617685 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8110153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor cell engraftment rate is one of the primary factors limiting the effectiveness of cell transfer therapy for cardiac repair. Recent studies have shown that the combination of cell-based therapy and tissue engineering technology can improve stem cell engraftment and promote the therapeutic effects of the treatment for myocardial infarction. This mini-review summarizes the recent progress in cardiac tissue engineering of cardiovascular cells from differentiated human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), highlights their therapeutic applications for the treatment of myocardial infarction, and discusses the present challenges of cardiac tissue engineering and possible future directions from a clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmin Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China;
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China;
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-02568303105 (X.W.); +65-67042193 2 (L.Y.)
| | - Lei Ye
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169609, Singapore
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-02568303105 (X.W.); +65-67042193 2 (L.Y.)
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18
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Bobylev D, Wilhelmi M, Lau S, Klingenberg M, Mlinaric M, Petená E, Helms F, Hassel T, Haverich A, Horke A, Böer U. Pressure-compacted and spider silk-reinforced fibrin demonstrates sufficient biomechanical stability as cardiac patch in vitro. J Biomater Appl 2021; 36:1126-1136. [PMID: 34617818 DOI: 10.1177/08853282211046800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The generation of bio-/hemocompatible cardiovascular patches with sufficient stability and regenerative potential remains an unmet goal. Thus, the aim of this study was the generation and in vitro biomechanical evaluation of a novel cardiovascular patch composed of pressure-compacted fibrin with embedded spider silk cocoons. METHODS Fibrin-based patches were cast in a customized circular mold. One cocoon of Nephila odulis spider silk was embedded per patch during the casting process. After polymerization, the fibrin clot was compacted by 2 kg weight for 30 min resulting in thickness reduction from up to 2 cm to <1 mm. Tensile strength and burst pressure was determined after 0 weeks and 14 weeks of storage. A sewing strength test and a long-term load test were performed using a customized device to exert physiological pulsatile stretching of a silicon surface on which the patch had been sutured. RESULTS Fibrin patches resisted supraphysiological pressures of well over 2000 mmHg. Embedding of spider silk increased tensile force 1.8-fold and tensile strength 1.45-fold (p < .001), resulting in a final strength of 1.07 MPa and increased sewing strength. Storage for 14 weeks decreased tensile strength, but not significantly and suturing properties of the spider silk patches were satisfactory. The long-term load test indicated that the patches were stable for 4 weeks although slight reduction in patch material was observed. CONCLUSION The combination of compacted fibrin matrices and spider silk cocoons may represent a feasible concept to generate stable and biocompatible cardiovascular patches with regenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Bobylev
- Department of Cardiacthoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, 9177Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mathias Wilhelmi
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 14966St. Bernward Hospital, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Skadi Lau
- Department of Cardiacthoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, 9177Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Klingenberg
- Department of Cardiacthoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, 9177Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Mlinaric
- Institute for Material Science, University of Hannover, Garbsen, Germany
| | - Elena Petená
- Department of Cardiacthoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, 9177Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Helms
- Department of Cardiacthoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, 9177Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Hassel
- Institute for Material Science, University of Hannover, Garbsen, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Department of Cardiacthoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, 9177Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Horke
- Department of Cardiacthoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, 9177Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrike Böer
- Department of Cardiacthoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, 9177Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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19
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Chu X, Wang M, Qiu X, Huang Y, Li T, Otieno E, Li N, Luo L, Xiao X. Strategies for constructing pluripotent stem cell- and progenitor cell-derived three-dimensional cardiac micro-tissues. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 110:488-503. [PMID: 34397148 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cardiac micro-tissue is a promising model for simulating the structural and functional features of heart in vitro. This scientific achievement provides a platform for exploration about the mechanisms on the development, damage, and regeneration of tissue, hence, paving a way toward development of novel therapies for heart diseases. However, 3D micro-tissue technology is still in its infant stages faced with many challenges such as incompleteness of the tissue microarchitecture, loss of the resident immune cells, poor reproducibility, and deficiencies in continuously feeding the nutrients and removing wastes during micro-tissue culturing. There is an urgent need to optimize the construction of 3D cardiac micro-tissue and improve functions of the involved cells. Therefore, scaffolds and cell resources for building 3D cardiac micro-tissues, strategies for inducing the maturation and functionalization of pluripotent stem cell- or cardiac progenitor cell-derived cardiomyocytes, and the major challenges were reviewed in this writing to enable future fabrication of 3D cardiac micro-tissues or organoids for drug screening, disease modeling, regeneration treatment, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Chu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyu Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Laboratory Animals Science, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- Department of Animal Husbandry Engineering, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Edward Otieno
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiong Xiao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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20
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Cell contact guidance via sensing anisotropy of network mechanical resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2024942118. [PMID: 34266950 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024942118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the ubiquitous importance of cell contact guidance, the signal-inducing contact guidance of mammalian cells in an aligned fibril network has defied elucidation. This is due to multiple interdependent signals that an aligned fibril network presents to cells, including, at least, anisotropy of adhesion, porosity, and mechanical resistance. By forming aligned fibrin gels with the same alignment strength, but cross-linked to different extents, the anisotropic mechanical resistance hypothesis of contact guidance was tested for human dermal fibroblasts. The cross-linking was shown to increase the mechanical resistance anisotropy, without detectable change in network microstructure and without change in cell adhesion to the cross-linked fibrin gel. This methodology thus isolated anisotropic mechanical resistance as a variable for fixed anisotropy of adhesion and porosity. The mechanical resistance anisotropy |Y*| -1 - |X*| -1 increased over fourfold in terms of the Fourier magnitudes of microbead displacement |X*| and |Y*| at the drive frequency with respect to alignment direction Y obtained by optical forces in active microrheology. Cells were found to exhibit stronger contact guidance in the cross-linked gels possessing greater mechanical resistance anisotropy: the cell anisotropy index based on the tensor of cell orientation, which has a range 0 to 1, increased by 18% with the fourfold increase in mechanical resistance anisotropy. We also show that modulation of adhesion via function-blocking antibodies can modulate the guidance response, suggesting a concomitant role of cell adhesion. These results indicate that fibroblasts can exhibit contact guidance in aligned fibril networks by sensing anisotropy of network mechanical resistance.
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21
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Dwyer KD, Coulombe KL. Cardiac mechanostructure: Using mechanics and anisotropy as inspiration for developing epicardial therapies in treating myocardial infarction. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2198-2220. [PMID: 33553810 PMCID: PMC7822956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical environment and anisotropic structure of the heart modulate cardiac function at the cellular, tissue and organ levels. During myocardial infarction (MI) and subsequent healing, however, this landscape changes significantly. In order to engineer cardiac biomaterials with the appropriate properties to enhance function after MI, the changes in the myocardium induced by MI must be clearly identified. In this review, we focus on the mechanical and structural properties of the healthy and infarcted myocardium in order to gain insight about the environment in which biomaterial-based cardiac therapies are expected to perform and the functional deficiencies caused by MI that the therapy must address. From this understanding, we discuss epicardial therapies for MI inspired by the mechanics and anisotropy of the heart focusing on passive devices, which feature a biomaterials approach, and active devices, which feature robotic and cellular components. Through this review, a detailed analysis is provided in order to inspire further development and translation of epicardial therapies for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiera D. Dwyer
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kareen L.K. Coulombe
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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22
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Gähwiler EKN, Motta SE, Martin M, Nugraha B, Hoerstrup SP, Emmert MY. Human iPSCs and Genome Editing Technologies for Precision Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:639699. [PMID: 34262897 PMCID: PMC8273765 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.639699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) originate from the reprogramming of adult somatic cells using four Yamanaka transcription factors. Since their discovery, the stem cell (SC) field achieved significant milestones and opened several gateways in the area of disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. In parallel, the emergence of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) revolutionized the field of genome engineering, allowing the generation of genetically modified cell lines and achieving a precise genome recombination or random insertions/deletions, usefully translated for wider applications. Cardiovascular diseases represent a constantly increasing societal concern, with limited understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. The ability of iPSCs to differentiate into multiple cell types combined with CRISPR-Cas9 technology could enable the systematic investigation of pathophysiological mechanisms or drug screening for potential therapeutics. Furthermore, these technologies can provide a cellular platform for cardiovascular tissue engineering (TE) approaches by modulating the expression or inhibition of targeted proteins, thereby creating the possibility to engineer new cell lines and/or fine-tune biomimetic scaffolds. This review will focus on the application of iPSCs, CRISPR-Cas9, and a combination thereof to the field of cardiovascular TE. In particular, the clinical translatability of such technologies will be discussed ranging from disease modeling to drug screening and TE applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric K. N. Gähwiler
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah E. Motta
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Martin
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Bramasta Nugraha
- Molecular Parasitology Lab, Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon P. Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Y. Emmert
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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23
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Pretorius D, Kahn-Krell AM, Lou X, Fast VG, Berry JL, Kamp TJ, Zhang J. Layer-By-Layer Fabrication of Large and Thick Human Cardiac Muscle Patch Constructs With Superior Electrophysiological Properties. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:670504. [PMID: 33937272 PMCID: PMC8086556 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.670504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineered cardiac tissues fabricated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) show promise for ameliorating damage from myocardial infarction, while also restoring function to the damaged left ventricular (LV) myocardium. For these constructs to reach their clinical potential, they need to be of a clinically relevant volume and thickness, and capable of generating synchronous and forceful contraction to assist the pumping action of the recipient heart. Design prerequisites include a structure thickness sufficient to produce a beneficial contractile force, prevascularization to overcome diffusion limitations and sufficient structural development to allow for maximal cell communication. Previous attempts to meet these prerequisites have been hindered by lack of oxygen and nutrient transport due to diffusion limits (100–200 μm) resulting in necrosis. This study employs a layer-by-layer (LbL) fabrication method to produce cardiac tissue constructs that meet these design prerequisites and mimic normal myocardium in form and function. Thick (>2 mm) cardiac tissues created from hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, -endothelial cells (ECs) and -fibroblasts (FBs) were assessed, in vitro, over a 4-week period for viability (<6% necrotic cells), cell morphology and functionality. Functional performance assessment showed enhanced t-tubule network development, gap junction communication as well as previously unseen, physiologically relevant conduction velocities (CVs) (>30 cm/s). These results demonstrate that LbL fabrication can be utilized successfully to create prevascularized, functional cardiac tissue constructs from hiPSCs for potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Pretorius
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Asher M Kahn-Krell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Xi Lou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Vladimir G Fast
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Joel L Berry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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24
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Santos ARMP, Jang Y, Son I, Kim J, Park Y. Recapitulating Cardiac Structure and Function In Vitro from Simple to Complex Engineering. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12040386. [PMID: 33916254 PMCID: PMC8067203 DOI: 10.3390/mi12040386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering aims to generate in vivo-like functional tissue for the study of cardiac development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Since the heart is composed of various types of cells and extracellular matrix with a specific microenvironment, the fabrication of cardiac tissue in vitro requires integrating technologies of cardiac cells, biomaterials, fabrication, and computational modeling to model the complexity of heart tissue. Here, we review the recent progress of engineering techniques from simple to complex for fabricating matured cardiac tissue in vitro. Advancements in cardiomyocytes, extracellular matrix, geometry, and computational modeling will be discussed based on a technology perspective and their use for preparation of functional cardiac tissue. Since the heart is a very complex system at multiscale levels, an understanding of each technique and their interactions would be highly beneficial to the development of a fully functional heart in cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jongseong Kim
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (Y.P.); Tel.: +82-10-8858-7260 (J.K.); +82-10-4260-6460 (Y.P.)
| | - Yongdoo Park
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (Y.P.); Tel.: +82-10-8858-7260 (J.K.); +82-10-4260-6460 (Y.P.)
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25
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Augustine R, Dan P, Hasan A, Khalaf IM, Prasad P, Ghosal K, Gentile C, McClements L, Maureira P. Stem cell-based approaches in cardiac tissue engineering: controlling the microenvironment for autologous cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111425. [PMID: 33756154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Cardiac tissue engineering strategies focusing on biomaterial scaffolds incorporating cells and growth factors are emerging as highly promising for cardiac repair and regeneration. The use of stem cells within cardiac microengineered tissue constructs present an inherent ability to differentiate into cell types of the human heart. Stem cells derived from various tissues including bone marrow, dental pulp, adipose tissue and umbilical cord can be used for this purpose. Approaches ranging from stem cell injections, stem cell spheroids, cell encapsulation in a suitable hydrogel, use of prefabricated scaffold and bioprinting technology are at the forefront in the field of cardiac tissue engineering. The stem cell microenvironment plays a key role in the maintenance of stemness and/or differentiation into cardiac specific lineages. This review provides a detailed overview of the recent advances in microengineering of autologous stem cell-based tissue engineering platforms for the repair of damaged cardiac tissue. A particular emphasis is given to the roles played by the extracellular matrix (ECM) in regulating the physiological response of stem cells within cardiac tissue engineering platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Pan Dan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Transplantation Surgery, Regional Central Hospital of Nancy, Lorraine University, Nancy 54500, France; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | | | - Parvathy Prasad
- International and Inter University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
| | - Kajal Ghosal
- Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and AHS, Durgapur 713206, India
| | - Carmine Gentile
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lana McClements
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Pablo Maureira
- Department of Cardiovascular and Transplantation Surgery, Regional Central Hospital of Nancy, Lorraine University, Nancy 54500, France
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26
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Wang L, Serpooshan V, Zhang J. Engineering Human Cardiac Muscle Patch Constructs for Prevention of Post-infarction LV Remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:621781. [PMID: 33718449 PMCID: PMC7952323 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.621781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering combines principles of engineering and biology to generate living tissue equivalents for drug testing, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. As techniques for reprogramming human somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and subsequently differentiating them into cardiomyocytes and other cardiac cells have become increasingly efficient, progress toward the development of engineered human cardiac muscle patch (hCMP) and heart tissue analogs has accelerated. A few pilot clinical studies in patients with post-infarction LV remodeling have been already approved. Conventional methods for hCMP fabrication include suspending cells within scaffolds, consisting of biocompatible materials, or growing two-dimensional sheets that can be stacked to form multilayered constructs. More recently, advanced technologies, such as micropatterning and three-dimensional bioprinting, have enabled fabrication of hCMP architectures at unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. However, the studies working on various hCMP-based strategies for in vivo tissue repair face several major obstacles, including the inadequate scalability for clinical applications, poor integration and engraftment rate, and the lack of functional vasculature. Here, we review many of the recent advancements and key concerns in cardiac tissue engineering, focusing primarily on the production of hCMPs at clinical/industrial scales that are suitable for administration to patients with myocardial disease. The wide variety of cardiac cell types and sources that are applicable to hCMP biomanufacturing are elaborated. Finally, some of the key challenges remaining in the field and potential future directions to address these obstacles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Vahid Serpooshan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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27
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Birla RK. A methodological nine-step process to bioengineer heart muscle tissue. Tissue Cell 2020; 67:101425. [PMID: 32853859 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Research in the field of heart muscle tissue engineering is focused on the fabrication of heart muscle tissue which can be utilized to repair, replace and/or augment functionality of damaged and/or diseased tissue. In the simplest embodiment, bioengineering heart muscle tissue constructs involves culture of cardiomyocytes within natural or synthetic scaffolds. Functional integration of the cells with the scaffold and subsequent remodeling lead to the formation of 3D heart muscle tissue and physiological cues like mechanical stretch, electrical stimulation and perfusion are necessary to guide tissue maturation and development. Potential applications for bioengineered heart muscle include use as grafts to repair or replace damaged tissue, as models for basic research and as tools for high-throughput screening of pharmacological agents. In this article, we provide a methodological process to bioengineer functional 3D heart muscle tissue and discuss state of the art and potential challenges in each of the nine-step tissue fabrication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi K Birla
- BIOLIFE4D, 2450 Holcombe Blvd; Houston, TX, 77204, United States.
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28
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Mei X, Cheng K. Recent Development in Therapeutic Cardiac Patches. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:610364. [PMID: 33330673 PMCID: PMC7728668 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.610364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
For the past decades, heart diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide. In the adult mammalian heart, damaged cardiomyocytes will be replaced by non-contractile fibrotic scar tissues due to the poor regenerative ability of heart, causing heart failure subsequently. The development of tissue engineering has launched a new medical innovation for heart regeneration. As one of the most outstanding technology, cardiac patches hold the potential to restore cardiac function clinically. Consisted of two components: therapeutic ingredients and substrate scaffolds, the fabrication of cardiac patches requires both advanced bioactive molecules and biomaterials. In this review, we will present the most state-of-the-art cardiac patches and analysis their compositional details. The therapeutic ingredients will be discussed from cell sources to bioactive molecules. In the meanwhile, the recent advances to obtain scaffold biomaterials will be highlighted, including synthetic and natural materials. Also, we have focused on the challenges and potential strategies to fabricate clinically applicable cardiac patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Mei
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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A Concise Review on Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes for Personalized Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 17:748-776. [PMID: 33098306 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are derived from somatic cells by using reprogramming factors such as Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) or Oct4, Sox2, Nanog and Lin28 (OSNL). They resemble embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and have the ability to differentiate into cell lineage of all three germ-layer, including cardiomyocytes (CMs). The CMs can be generated from iPSCs by inducing embryoid bodies (EBs) formation and treatment with activin A, bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4), and inhibitors of Wnt signaling. However, these iPSC-derived CMs are a heterogeneous population of cells and require purification and maturation to mimic the in vivo CMs. The matured CMs can be used for various therapeutic purposes in regenerative medicine by cardiomyoplasty or through the development of tissue-engineered cardiac patches. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in the isolation of iPSC and their differentiation, purification, and maturation into clinically usable CMs. Newer small molecules have also been identified to substitute the reprogramming factors for iPSC generation as well as for direct differentiation of somatic cells into CMs without an intermediary pluripotent state. This review provides a concise update on the generation of iPSC-derived CMs and their application in personalized cardiac regenerative medicine. It also discusses the current limitations and challenges in the application of iPSC-derived CMs. Graphical abstract.
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30
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Pretorius D, Kahn-Krell AM, LaBarge WC, Lou X, Kannappan R, Pollard AE, Fast VG, Berry JL, Eberhardt AW, Zhang J. Fabrication and characterization of a thick, viable bi-layered stem cell-derived surrogate for future myocardial tissue regeneration. Biomed Mater 2020; 16. [PMID: 33053512 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abc107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac tissue surrogates show promise for restoring mechanical and electrical function in infarcted left ventricular (LV) myocardium. For these cardiac surrogates to be useful in vivo, they are required to support synchronous and forceful contraction over the infarcted region. These design requirements necessitate a thickness sufficient to produce a useful contractile force, an area large enough to cover an infarcted region, and prevascularization to overcome diffusion limitations. Attempts to meet these requirements have been hampered by diffusion limits of oxygen and nutrients (100-200 μm) leading to necrotic regions.This study demonstrates a novel layer-by-layer (LbL) fabrication method used to produce tissue surrogates that meet these requirements and mimic normal myocardium in form and function. Thick (1.5-2 mm) LbL cardiac tissues created from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells were assessed, in vitro, over a four week period for viability (< 5.6 ± 1.4 % nectrotic cells), cell morphology, viscoelastic properties and functionality. Viscoelastic properties of the cardiac surrogates were determined via stress relaxation response modeling and compared to native murine LV tissue. Viscoelastic characterization showed that the generalized Maxwell model of order 4 described the samples well (0.7 < R2 < 0.98). Functional performance assessment showed enhanced t-tubule network development, gap junction communication as well as conduction velocity (16.9 ± 2.3 cm s-1). These results demonstrate that LbL fabrication can be utilized successfully in creating complex, functional cardiac surrogates for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Pretorius
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Volker Hall Room G094, 1670 University Blvd, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294-2182, UNITED STATES
| | - Asher M Kahn-Krell
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, UNITED STATES
| | - Wesley C LaBarge
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, UNITED STATES
| | - Xi Lou
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, UNITED STATES
| | - Ramaswamy Kannappan
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, UNITED STATES
| | - Andrew E Pollard
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, UNITED STATES
| | - Vladimir G Fast
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, UNITED STATES
| | - Joel L Berry
- School of Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, UNITED STATES
| | - Alan W Eberhardt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, UNITED STATES
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, UNITED STATES
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31
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Robbins ER, Pins GD, Laflamme MA, Gaudette GR. Creation of a contractile biomaterial from a decellularized spinach leaf without ECM protein coating: An in vitro study. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:2123-2132. [PMID: 32323417 PMCID: PMC7725356 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) results in the death of cardiac tissue, decreases regional contraction, and can lead to heart failure. Tissue engineered cardiac patches containing human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs) can restore contractile function. However, cells within thick patches require vasculature for blood flow. Recently, we demonstrated fibronectin coated decellularized leaves provide a suitable scaffold for hiPS-CMs. Yet, the necessity of this additional coating step is unclear. Therefore, we compared hiPS-CM behavior on decellularized leaves coated with collagen IV or fibronectin extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins to noncoated leaves for up to 21 days. Successful coating was verified by immunofluorescence. Similar numbers of hiPS-CMs adhered to coated and noncoated decellularized leaves for 21 days. At Day 14, collagen IV coated leaves contracted more than noncoated leaves (3.25 ± 0.39% vs. 1.54 ± 0.60%; p < .05). However, no differences in contraction were found between coated leaves, coated tissue culture plastic (TCP), noncoated leaves, or noncoated TCP at other time points. No significant differences were observed in hiPS-CM spreading or sarcomere lengths on leaves with or without coating. This study demonstrates that cardiac scaffolds can be created from decellularized leaves without ECM coatings. Noncoated decellularized leaf surfaces facilitate robust cell attachment for an engineered tissue patch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Robbins
- Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - George D. Pins
- Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Michael A. Laflamme
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Glenn R. Gaudette
- Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
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32
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Selvakumar D, Clayton ZE, Chong JJH. Robust Cardiac Regeneration: Fulfilling the Promise of Cardiac Cell Therapy. Clin Ther 2020; 42:1857-1879. [PMID: 32943195 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We review the history of cardiac cell therapy, highlighting lessons learned from initial adult stem cell (ASC) clinical trials. We present pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) as a leading candidate for robust regeneration of infarcted myocardium but identify several issues that must be addressed before successful clinical translation. METHODS We conducted an unstructured literature review of PubMed-listed articles, selecting the most comprehensive and relevant research articles, review articles, clinical trials, and basic or translation articles in the field of cardiac cell therapy. Articles were identified using the search terms adult stem cells, pluripotent stem cells, cardiac stem cell, and cardiac regeneration or from references of relevant articles, Articles were prioritized and selected based on their impact, originality, or potential clinical applicability. FINDINGS Since its inception, the ASC therapy field has been troubled by conflicting preclinical data, academic controversies, and inconsistent trial designs. These issues have damaged perceptions of cardiac cell therapy among investors, the academic community, health care professionals, and, importantly, patients. In hindsight, the key issue underpinning these problems was the inability of these cell types to differentiate directly into genuine cardiomyocytes, rendering them unable to replace damaged myocardium. Despite this, beneficial effects through indirect paracrine or immunomodulatory effects remain possible and continue to be investigated. However, in preclinical models, PSC-CMs have robustly remuscularized infarcted myocardium with functional, force-generating cardiomyocytes. Hence, PSC-CMs have now emerged as a leading candidate for cardiac regeneration, and unpublished reports of first-in-human delivery of these cells have recently surfaced. However, the cardiac cell therapy field's history should serve as a cautionary tale, and we identify several translational hurdles that still remain. Preclinical solutions to issues such as arrhythmogenicity, immunogenicity, and poor engraftment rates are needed, and next-generation clinical trials must draw on robust knowledge of mechanistic principles of the therapy. IMPLICATIONS The clinical transplantation of functional stem cell-derived heart tissue with seamless integration into native myocardium is a lofty goal. However, considerable advances have been made during the past 2 decades. Currently, PSC-CMs appear to be the best prospect to reach this goal, but several hurdles remain. The history of adult stem cell trials has taught us that shortcuts cannot be taken without dire consequences, and it is essential that progress not be hurried and that a worldwide, cross-disciplinary approach be used to ensure safe and effective clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Selvakumar
- Centre for Heart Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zoe E Clayton
- Centre for Heart Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James J H Chong
- Centre for Heart Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
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Human Cardiac Fibroblast Number and Activation State Modulate Electromechanical Function of hiPSC-Cardiomyocytes in Engineered Myocardium. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:9363809. [PMID: 32724316 PMCID: PMC7381987 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9363809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering using hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes is a promising avenue for cardiovascular regeneration, pharmaceutical drug development, cardiotoxicity evaluation, and disease modeling. Limitations to these applications still exist due in part to the need for more robust structural support, organization, and electromechanical function of engineered cardiac tissues. It is well accepted that heterotypic cellular interactions impact the phenotype of cardiomyocytes. The current study evaluates the functional effects of coculturing adult human cardiac fibroblasts (hCFs) in 3D engineered tissues on excitation and contraction with the goal of recapitulating healthy, nonarrhythmogenic myocardium in vitro. A small population (5% of total cell number) of hCFs in tissues improves tissue formation, material properties, and contractile function. However, two perturbations to the hCF population create disease-like phenotypes in engineered cardiac tissues. First, increasing the percentage of hCFs to 15% resulted in tissues with increased ectopic activity and spontaneous excitation rate. Second, hCFs undergo myofibroblast activation in traditional two-dimensional culture, and this altered phenotype ablated the functional benefits of hCFs when incorporated into engineered cardiac tissues. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that human cardiac fibroblast number and activation state modulate electromechanical function of hiPSC-cardiomyocytes and that a low percentage of quiescent hCFs are a valuable cell source to advance a healthy electromechanical response of engineered cardiac tissue for regenerative medicine applications.
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Mazzola M, Di Pasquale E. Toward Cardiac Regeneration: Combination of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Therapies and Bioengineering Strategies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:455. [PMID: 32528940 PMCID: PMC7266938 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Multiple studies have been conducted so far in order to develop treatments able to prevent the progression of these pathologies. Despite progress made in the last decade, current therapies are still hampered by poor translation into actual clinical applications. The major drawback of such strategies is represented by the limited regenerative capacity of the cardiac tissue. Indeed, after an ischaemic insult, the formation of fibrotic scar takes place, interfering with mechanical and electrical functions of the heart. Hence, the ability of the heart to recover after ischaemic injury depends on several molecular and cellular pathways, and the imbalance between them results into adverse remodeling, culminating in heart failure. In this complex scenario, a new chapter of regenerative medicine has been opened over the past 20 years with the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These cells share the same characteristic of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), but are generated from patient-specific somatic cells, overcoming the ethical limitations related to ESC use and providing an autologous source of human cells. Similarly to ESCs, iPSCs are able to efficiently differentiate into cardiomyocytes (CMs), and thus hold a real regenerative potential for future clinical applications. However, cell-based therapies are subjected to poor grafting and may cause adverse effects in the failing heart. Thus, over the last years, bioengineering technologies focused their attention on the improvement of both survival and functionality of iPSC-derived CMs. The combination of these two fields of study has burst the development of cell-based three-dimensional (3D) structures and organoids which mimic, more realistically, the in vivo cell behavior. Toward the same path, the possibility to directly induce conversion of fibroblasts into CMs has recently emerged as a promising area for in situ cardiac regeneration. In this review we provide an up-to-date overview of the latest advancements in the application of pluripotent stem cells and tissue-engineering for therapeutically relevant cardiac regenerative approaches, aiming to highlight outcomes, limitations and future perspectives for their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mazzola
- Stem Cell Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Elisa Di Pasquale
- Stem Cell Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.,Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB) - UOS of Milan, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
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Morrissette-McAlmon J, Ginn B, Somers S, Fukunishi T, Thanitcul C, Rindone A, Hibino N, Tung L, Mao HQ, Grayson W. Biomimetic Model of Contractile Cardiac Tissue with Endothelial Networks Stabilized by Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8387. [PMID: 32433563 PMCID: PMC7239907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering strategies have the potential to regenerate functional myocardium following myocardial infarction. In this study, we utilized novel electrospun fibrin microfiber sheets of different stiffnesses (50.0 ± 11.2 kPa and 90.0 ± 16.4 kPa) to engineer biomimetic models of vascularized cardiac tissues. We characterized tissue assembly, electrophysiology, and contractility of neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVCMs) cultured on these sheets. NRVCMs cultured on the softer substrates displayed higher conduction velocities (CVs) and improved electrophysiological properties. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) formed dense networks on the sheets when co-cultured with human adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (hASCs). To achieve vascularized cardiac tissues, we tested various tri-culture protocols of NRVCM:hASC:HUVEC and found that a ratio of 1,500,000:37,500:150,000 cells/cm2 enabled the formation of robust endothelial networks while retaining statistically identical electrophysiological characteristics to NRVCM-only cultures. Tri-cultures at this ratio on 90 kPa substrates exhibited average CVs of 14 ± 0.6 cm/s, Action Potential Duration (APD)80 and APD30 of 152 ± 11 ms and 71 ± 6 ms, respectively, and maximum capture rate (MCR) of 3.9 ± 0.7 Hz. These data indicate the significant potential of generating densely packed endothelial networks together with electrically integrated cardiac cells in vitro as a physiologic 3D cardiac model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Morrissette-McAlmon
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian Ginn
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Material Sciences & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Somers
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Takuma Fukunishi
- Department of Surgery & Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chanon Thanitcul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexandra Rindone
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Narutoshi Hibino
- Department of Surgery & Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leslie Tung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hai-Quan Mao
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Material Sciences & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology (INBT), Johns Hopkins University School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Warren Grayson
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Material Sciences & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology (INBT), Johns Hopkins University School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Sung TC, Su HC, Ling QD, Kumar SS, Chang Y, Hsu ST, Higuchi A. Efficient differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into cardiomyocytes on cell sorting thermoresponsive surface. Biomaterials 2020; 253:120060. [PMID: 32450407 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The current differentiation process of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into cardiomyocytes to enhance the purity of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes requires some purification processes, which are laborious processes. We developed cell sorting plates, which are prepared from coating thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and extracellular matrix proteins. After hPSCs were induced into cardiomyocytes on the thermoresponsive surface coated with laminin-521 for 15 days, the temperature of the cell culture plates was decreased to 8-9 °C to detach the cells partially from the thermoresponsive surface. The detached cells exhibited a higher cardiomyocyte marker of cTnT than the remaining cells on the thermoresponsive surface as well as the cardiomyocytes after purification using conventional cell selection. The detached cells expressed several cardiomyocyte markers, such as α-actinin, MLC2a and NKX2.5. This study suggested that the purification of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes using cell sorting plates with the thermoresponsive surface is a promising method for the purification of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes without conventional laborious processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Cheng Sung
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda RD., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Huan Chiao Su
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda RD., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Qing-Dong Ling
- Cathay Medical Research Institute, Cathay General Hospital, No. 32, Ln 160, Jian-Cheng Road, Hsi-Chi City, Taipei 221, Taiwan
| | - S Suresh Kumar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yung Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200, Chung-Bei Rd., Chungli, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Tien Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taiwan Landseed Hospital, 77, Kuangtai Road, Pingjen City, Taoyuan, 32405, Taiwan
| | - Akon Higuchi
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda RD., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200, Chung-Bei Rd., Chungli, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 16, Xinsan Road, Hi-tech Industry Park, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Emergent Matter Science, Riken, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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Munarin F, Kant RJ, Rupert CE, Khoo A, Coulombe KLK. Engineered human myocardium with local release of angiogenic proteins improves vascularization and cardiac function in injured rat hearts. Biomaterials 2020; 251:120033. [PMID: 32388033 PMCID: PMC8115013 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Heart regeneration after myocardial infarction requires new cardiomyocytes and a supportive vascular network. Here, we evaluate the efficacy of localized delivery of angiogenic factors from biomaterials within the implanted muscle tissue to guide growth of a more dense, organized, and perfused vascular supply into implanted engineered human cardiac tissue on an ischemia/reperfusion injured rat heart. We use large, aligned 3-dimensional engineered tissue with cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells in a collagen matrix that contains dispersed alginate microspheres as local protein depots. Release of angiogenic growth factors VEGF and bFGF in combination with morphogen sonic hedgehog from the microspheres into the local microenvironment occurs from the epicardial implant site. Analysis of the 3D vascular network in the engineered tissue via Microfil® perfusion and microCT imaging at 30 days shows increased volumetric network density with a wider distribution of vessel diameters, proportionally increased branching and length, and reduced tortuosity. Global heart function is increased in the angiogenic factor-loaded cardiac implants versus sham. These findings demonstrate for the first time the efficacy of a combined remuscularization and revascularization therapy for heart regeneration after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Munarin
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope St, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Rajeev J Kant
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope St, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Cassady E Rupert
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope St, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Amelia Khoo
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope St, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Kareen L K Coulombe
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope St, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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Fan C, Tang Y, Zhao M, Lou X, Pretorius D, Menasche P, Zhu W, Zhang J. CHIR99021 and fibroblast growth factor 1 enhance the regenerative potency of human cardiac muscle patch after myocardial infarction in mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 141:1-10. [PMID: 32169551 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have shown that genetic overexpression of cell cycle proteins can increase the proliferation of transplanted cardiomyocytes derived from human induced-pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs) in animal models of myocardial infarction (MI). Here, we introduce a new, non-genetic approach to promote hiPSC-CM cell cycle activity and proliferation in transplanted human cardiomyocyte patches (hCMPs). METHODS Mice were randomly distributed into 5 experimental groups (n = 10 per group). One group underwent Sham surgery, and the other 4 groups underwent MI induction surgery followed by treatment with hCMPs composed of hiPSC-CMs and nanoparticles that contained CHIR99021 and FGF1 (the NPCF-hCMP group), with hCMPs composed of hiPSC-CMs and empty nanoparticles (the NPE-hCMP group); with patches containing the CHIR99021/FGF-loaded nanoparticles but lacking hiPSC-CMs (the NPCF-Patch group), or patches lacking both the nanoparticles and cells (the E-Patch group). Cell cycle activity was evaluated via Ki67 and Aurora B expression, bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, and phosphorylated histone 3 levels (immunofluorescence); engraftment via human cardiac troponin T or human nuclear antigen expression (immunofluorescence) and bioluminescence imaging; cardiac function via echocardiography; infarct size and wall thickness via histology; angiogenesis via isolectin B4 expression (immunofluorescence); and apoptosis via TUNEL and caspace 3 expression (immunofluorescence). RESULTS Combined CHIR99021- and FGF1-treatment significantly increased hiPSC-CM cell cycle activity both in cultured cells (by 4- to 6-fold) and in transplanted hCMPs, and compared to treatment with NPE-hCMPs, NPCF-hCMP transplantation increased hiPSC-CM engraftment by ~4-fold and was associated with significantly better measurements of cardiac function, infarct size, wall thickness, angiogenesis, and hiPSC-CM apoptosis four weeks after MI induction. CONCLUSIONS Nanoparticle-mediated CHIR99021 and FGF1 delivery promotes hiPSC-CM cell cycle activity and proliferation, as well as the engraftment and regenerative potency of transplanted hCMPs, in a mouse MI model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengming Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yawen Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Xi Lou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Danielle Pretorius
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Philippe Menasche
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, INSERM U 970, University Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Wuqiang Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Park S, Park HH, Sun K, Gwon Y, Seong M, Kim S, Park TE, Hyun H, Choung YH, Kim J, Jeong HE. Hydrogel Nanospike Patch as a Flexible Anti-Pathogenic Scaffold for Regulating Stem Cell Behavior. ACS NANO 2019; 13:11181-11193. [PMID: 31518110 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vertically aligned nanomaterials, such as nanowires and nanoneedles, hold strong potential as efficient platforms onto which living cells or tissues can be interfaced for use in advanced biomedical applications. However, their rigid mechanical properties and complex fabrication processes hinder their integration onto flexible, tissue-adaptable, and large-area patch-type scaffolds, limiting their practical applications. In this study, we present a highly flexible patch that possesses a spiky hydrogel nanostructure array as a transplantable platform for enhancing the growth and differentiation of stem cells and efficiently suppressing biofilm formation. In vitro studies show that the hydrogel nanospike patch imposes a strong physical stimulus to the membranes of stem cells and enhances their osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation and the secretion of crucial soluble factors without altering cell viability. At the same time, the array exhibits effective bactericidal properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In vivo studies further demonstrate that the flexible hydrogel patch with its spiky vertical nanostructures significantly promotes the regeneration of damaged cranial bone tissues while suppressing pathogenic bacterial infections in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunho Park
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering , Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ha Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kahyun Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghyun Gwon
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering , Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186 , Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Seong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering , Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186 , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Eun Park
- School of Life Science , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Hyun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences , Chonnam National University Medical School , Gwangju 61469 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hoon Choung
- Department of Otolaryngology , Ajou University School of Medicine , Suwon 16499 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jangho Kim
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering , Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Eui Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
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Anil Kumar S, Alonzo M, Allen SC, Abelseth L, Thakur V, Akimoto J, Ito Y, Willerth SM, Suggs L, Chattopadhyay M, Joddar B. A Visible Light-Cross-Linkable, Fibrin-Gelatin-Based Bioprinted Construct with Human Cardiomyocytes and Fibroblasts. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:4551-4563. [PMID: 32258387 PMCID: PMC7117097 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, fibrin was added to a photo-polymerizable gelatin-based bioink mixture to fabricate cardiac cell-laden constructs seeded with human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPS-CM) or CM cell lines with cardiac fibroblasts (CF). The extensive use of platelet-rich fibrin, its capacity to offer patient specificity, and the similarity in composition to surgical glue prompted us to include fibrin in the existing bioink composition. The cell-laden bioprinted constructs were cross-linked to retain a herringbone pattern via a two-step procedure including the visible light cross-linking of furfuryl-gelatin followed by the chemical cross-linking of fibrinogen via thrombin and calcium chloride. The printed constructs revealed an extremely porous, networked structure that afforded long-term in vitro stability. Cardiomyocytes printed within the sheet structure showed excellent viability, proliferation, and expression of the troponin I cardiac marker. We extended the utility of this fibrin-gelatin bioink toward coculturing and coupling of CM and cardiac fibroblasts (CF), the interaction of which is extremely important for maintenance of normal physiology of the cardiac wall in vivo. This enhanced "cardiac construct" can be used for drug cytotoxicity screening or unraveling triggers for heart diseases in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Anil Kumar
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, M201 Metallurgy Building, United States
| | - Matthew Alonzo
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, M201 Metallurgy Building, United States
| | - Shane C. Allen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 110 Inner Campus Drive, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Laila Abelseth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Engineering Office Wing, Room 548, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Victoria, Engineering Office Wing, Room 548, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Vikram Thakur
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Center of Emphasis in Diabetes and Metabolism, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, Texas 79905, United States
| | - Jun Akimoto
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Custer for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Custer for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Stephanie M. Willerth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Engineering Office Wing, Room 548, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Victoria, Engineering Office Wing, Room 548, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Engineering Office Wing, Room 548, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, 818 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Laura Suggs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 110 Inner Campus Drive, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Munmun Chattopadhyay
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Center of Emphasis in Diabetes and Metabolism, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, Texas 79905, United States
| | - Binata Joddar
- Inspired Materials & Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineering Laboratory (IMSTEL), Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, M201 Metallurgy Building, United States
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Custer for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Xing Y, Shi S, Zhang Y, Liu F, Zhu L, Shi B, Wang J. Construction of engineered myocardial tissues in vitro with cardiomyocyte‑like cells and a polylactic‑co‑glycolic acid polymer. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2403-2409. [PMID: 31257537 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the feasibility of the construction of engineered myocardial tissues in vitro with cardiomyocyte‑like cells derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and a polylactic‑co‑glycolic acid (PLGA) polymer. The PLGA polymer was sheared into square pieces (10x10x1 mm), sterilized by Co60 irradiation, and hydrated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium for 1 h. BMMSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of Sprague‑Dawley rats and the third passage cells were induced by 5‑azacytidine (5‑aza). Following successful induction, the cells were trypsinized and suspended at a density of 1x109/ml. Then, the cell suspension was added to the PLGA scaffold and cultured for 14 days. The morphological changes of BMMSCs were observed using phase contrast microscopy. Immunofluorescence staining was used to identify the cardiomyocyte‑like cells. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemical staining were used to observe the morphology of the engineered myocardial tissues. The cell adhesion rates and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the compatibility of the cardiomyocyte‑like cells and PLGA. Transmission electron microscopy was used to view the ultrastructure of the engineered myocardial tissues. BMMSCs in primary culture presented round or short spindle cell morphologies. Following induction by 5‑aza, the cells exhibited a long spindle shape and a parallel arrangement. Analysis of the cell adhesion rates demonstrated that the majority of the cardiomyocyte‑like cells had adhered to the PLGA scaffolds at 24 h. H&E staining suggested that the cardiomyocyte‑like cells with spindle nuclei were evenly distributed in the PLGA scaffold. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that the cardiomyocyte‑like cells were positive for cardiac troponin I. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the inoculated cells were well attached to the PLGA scaffold. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that the engineered myocardial tissues contained well‑arranged myofilaments, desmosomes, gap junction and Z line‑like structures. The present study successfully constructed engineered myocardial tissues in vitro with a PLGA polymer and cardiomyocyte‑like cells derived from BMMSCs, which are likely to share various structural similarities with the original heart tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Xing
- First Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Shi
- First Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- First Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Fuqiang Liu
- First Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhu
- First Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Binya Shi
- Medical Affairs Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Junkui Wang
- First Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
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One-Step Formation of Chondrocytes through Direct Reprogramming via Polysaccharide-Based Gene Delivery. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/7632873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An innovative strategy for the generation of chondrocytes was thoroughly studied in this paper. Polyetherimide-modified polysaccharides of Porphyra yezoensis (pmPPY) served as a nonviral gene vector and delivered Sox9 plasmid to directly reprogram mouse embryonic fibroblasts into chondrocytes. The gene transfer efficiency was evaluated through ELISA, RT-PCR, and Western blot. The induced chondrocytes were identified through toluidine blue, Safranin O, and the immunostaining. The expression level of collagen II was finally evaluated through western blot. The pSox9/pmPPY nanoparticles (1:50) showed lower cytotoxicity as well as greater gene transfection efficiency than Lipofectamine 2000 and polyetherimide (PEI) (p<0.05). The results of toluidine blue, Safranin O, and the immunostaining of collagen II further showed that the normal MEFs were successfully reprogrammed into chondrocytes. These findings indicate that pmPPY could be a promising gene vector for the generation of chondrocytes via single-gene delivery strategy, which might provide abundant chondrocytes for cartilage repair.
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43
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Feiner R, Wertheim L, Gazit D, Kalish O, Mishal G, Shapira A, Dvir T. A Stretchable and Flexible Cardiac Tissue-Electronics Hybrid Enabling Multiple Drug Release, Sensing, and Stimulation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1805526. [PMID: 30838769 PMCID: PMC7100044 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201805526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Replacement of the damaged scar tissue created by a myocardial infarction is the goal of cardiac tissue engineering. However, once the implanted tissue is in place, monitoring its function is difficult and involves indirect methods, while intervention necessarily requires an invasive procedure and available medical attention. To overcome this, methods of integrating electronic components into engineered tissues have been recently presented. These allow for remote monitoring of tissue function as well as intervention through stimulation and controlled drug release. Here, an improved hybrid microelectronic tissue construct capable of withstanding the dynamic environment of the beating heart without compromising electronic or mechanical functionality is reported. While the reported system is enabled to sense the function of the engineered tissue and provide stimulation for pacing, an electroactive polymer on the electronics enables it to release multiple drugs in parallel. It is envisioned that the integration of microelectronic devices into engineered tissues will provide a better way to monitor patient health from afar, as well as provide facile, more exact methods to control the healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Feiner
- School for Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Lior Wertheim
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Danielle Gazit
- School for Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Or Kalish
- School for Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Gal Mishal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Assaf Shapira
- School for Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tal Dvir
- School for Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- Sagol Center for Regenerative Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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44
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Biomaterializing the promise of cardiac tissue engineering. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 42:107353. [PMID: 30794878 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During an average individual's lifespan, the human heart pumps nearly 200 million liters of blood delivered by approximately 3 billion heartbeats. Therefore, it is not surprising that native myocardium under this incredible demand is extraordinarily complex, both structurally and functionally. As a result, successful engineering of adult-mimetic functional cardiac tissues is likely to require utilization of highly specialized biomaterials representative of the native extracellular microenvironment. There is currently no single biomaterial that fully recapitulates the architecture or the biochemical and biomechanical properties of adult myocardium. However, significant effort has gone toward designing highly functional materials and tissue constructs that may one day provide a ready source of cardiac tissue grafts to address the overwhelming burden of cardiomyopathic disease. In the near term, biomaterial-based scaffolds are helping to generate in vitro systems for querying the mechanisms underlying human heart homeostasis and disease and discovering new, patient-specific therapeutics. When combined with advances in minimally-invasive cardiac delivery, ongoing efforts will likely lead to scalable cell and biomaterial technologies for use in clinical practice. In this review, we describe recent progress in the field of cardiac tissue engineering with particular emphasis on use of biomaterials for therapeutic tissue design and delivery.
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Abstract
Some of the most significant leaps in the history of modern civilization-the development of article in China, the steam engine, which led to the European industrial revolution, and the era of computers-have occurred when science converged with engineering. Recently, the convergence of human pluripotent stem cell technology with biomaterials and bioengineering have launched a new medical innovation: functional human engineered tissue, which promises to revolutionize the treatment of failing organs including most critically, the heart. This compendium covers recent, state-of-the-art developments in the fields of cardiovascular tissue engineering, as well as the needs and challenges associated with the clinical use of these technologies. We have not attempted to provide an exhaustive review in stem cell biology and cardiac cell therapy; many other important and influential reports are certainly merit but already been discussed in several recent reviews. Our scope is limited to the engineered tissues that have been fabricated to repair or replace components of the heart (eg, valves, vessels, contractile tissue) that have been functionally compromised by diseases or developmental abnormalities. In particular, we have focused on using an engineered myocardial tissue to mitigate deficiencies in contractile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyi Zhang
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.Z., W.Z.)
| | - Wuqiang Zhu
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.Z., W.Z.)
| | - Milica Radisic
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada (M.R.)
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (G.V.-N.)
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Hansen KJ, Laflamme MA, Gaudette GR. Development of a Contractile Cardiac Fiber From Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Cardiomyocytes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:52. [PMID: 29942806 PMCID: PMC6004416 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has the potential to regenerate cardiac function after myocardial infarction. In this study, we sought to examine if fibrin microthread technology could be leveraged to develop a contractile fiber from human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hPS-CM). hPS-CM seeded onto fibrin microthreads were able to adhere to the microthread and began to contract seven days after initial seeding. A digital speckle tracking algorithm was applied to high speed video data (>60 fps) to determine contraction behaviour including beat frequency, average and maximum contractile strain, and the principal angle of contraction of hPS-CM contracting on the microthreads over 21 days. At day 7, cells seeded on tissue culture plastic beat at 0.83 ± 0.25 beats/sec with an average contractile strain of 4.23±0.23%, which was significantly different from a beat frequency of 1.11 ± 0.45 beats/sec and an average contractile strain of 3.08±0.19% at day 21 (n = 18, p < 0.05). hPS-CM seeded on microthreads beat at 0.84 ± 0.15 beats/sec with an average contractile strain of 3.56±0.22%, which significantly increased to 1.03 ± 0.19 beats/sec and 4.47±0.29%, respectively, at 21 days (n = 18, p < 0.05). At day 7, 27% of the cells had a principle angle of contraction within 20 degrees of the microthread, whereas at day 21, 65% of hPS-CM were contracting within 20 degrees of the microthread (n = 17). Utilizing high speed calcium transient data (>300 fps) of Fluo-4AM loaded hPS-CM seeded microthreads, conduction velocities significantly increased from 3.69 ± 1.76 cm/s at day 7 to 24.26 ± 8.42 cm/s at day 21 (n = 5-6, p < 0.05). hPS-CM seeded microthreads exhibited positive expression for connexin 43, a gap junction protein, between cells. These data suggest that the fibrin microthread is a suitable scaffold for hPS-CM attachment and contraction. In addition, extended culture allows cells to contract in the direction of the thread, suggesting alignment of the cells in the microthread direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina J. Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Michael A. Laflamme
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Glenn R. Gaudette
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States
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Gao L, Gregorich ZR, Zhu W, Mattapally S, Oduk Y, Lou X, Kannappan R, Borovjagin AV, Walcott GP, Pollard AE, Fast VG, Hu X, Lloyd SG, Ge Y, Zhang J. Large Cardiac Muscle Patches Engineered From Human Induced-Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Cells Improve Recovery From Myocardial Infarction in Swine. Circulation 2018; 137:1712-1730. [PMID: 29233823 PMCID: PMC5903991 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.030785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Here, we generated human cardiac muscle patches (hCMPs) of clinically relevant dimensions (4 cm × 2 cm × 1.25 mm) by suspending cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells that had been differentiated from human induced-pluripotent stem cells in a fibrin scaffold and then culturing the construct on a dynamic (rocking) platform. METHODS In vitro assessments of hCMPs suggest maturation in response to dynamic culture stimulation. In vivo assessments were conducted in a porcine model of myocardial infarction (MI). Animal groups included: MI hearts treated with 2 hCMPs (MI+hCMP, n=13), MI hearts treated with 2 cell-free open fibrin patches (n=14), or MI hearts with neither experimental patch (n=15); a fourth group of animals underwent sham surgery (Sham, n=8). Cardiac function and infarct size were evaluated by MRI, arrhythmia incidence by implanted loop recorders, and the engraftment rate by calculation of quantitative polymerase chain reaction measurements of expression of the human Y chromosome. Additional studies examined the myocardial protein expression profile changes and potential mechanisms of action that related to exosomes from the cell patch. RESULTS The hCMPs began to beat synchronously within 1 day of fabrication, and after 7 days of dynamic culture stimulation, in vitro assessments indicated the mechanisms related to the improvements in electronic mechanical coupling, calcium-handling, and force generation, suggesting a maturation process during the dynamic culture. The engraftment rate was 10.9±1.8% at 4 weeks after the transplantation. The hCMP transplantation was associated with significant improvements in left ventricular function, infarct size, myocardial wall stress, myocardial hypertrophy, and reduced apoptosis in the periscar boarder zone myocardium. hCMP transplantation also reversed some MI-associated changes in sarcomeric regulatory protein phosphorylation. The exosomes released from the hCMP appeared to have cytoprotective properties that improved cardiomyocyte survival. CONCLUSIONS We have fabricated a clinically relevant size of hCMP with trilineage cardiac cells derived from human induced-pluripotent stem cells. The hCMP matures in vitro during 7 days of dynamic culture. Transplantation of this type of hCMP results in significantly reduced infarct size and improvements in cardiac function that are associated with reduction in left ventricular wall stress. The hCMP treatment is not associated with significant changes in arrhythmogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.G., W.Z., S.M., Y.O., X.LO., R.K., A.V.B., G.P.W., A.E.P., V.G.F., S.G.L., J.Z.)
| | - Zachery R Gregorich
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison (Z.R.G., Y.G.)
| | - Wuqiang Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.G., W.Z., S.M., Y.O., X.LO., R.K., A.V.B., G.P.W., A.E.P., V.G.F., S.G.L., J.Z.)
| | - Saidulu Mattapally
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.G., W.Z., S.M., Y.O., X.LO., R.K., A.V.B., G.P.W., A.E.P., V.G.F., S.G.L., J.Z.)
| | - Yasin Oduk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.G., W.Z., S.M., Y.O., X.LO., R.K., A.V.B., G.P.W., A.E.P., V.G.F., S.G.L., J.Z.)
| | - Xi Lou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.G., W.Z., S.M., Y.O., X.LO., R.K., A.V.B., G.P.W., A.E.P., V.G.F., S.G.L., J.Z.)
| | - Ramaswamy Kannappan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.G., W.Z., S.M., Y.O., X.LO., R.K., A.V.B., G.P.W., A.E.P., V.G.F., S.G.L., J.Z.)
| | - Anton V Borovjagin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.G., W.Z., S.M., Y.O., X.LO., R.K., A.V.B., G.P.W., A.E.P., V.G.F., S.G.L., J.Z.)
| | - Gregory P Walcott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.G., W.Z., S.M., Y.O., X.LO., R.K., A.V.B., G.P.W., A.E.P., V.G.F., S.G.L., J.Z.)
| | - Andrew E Pollard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.G., W.Z., S.M., Y.O., X.LO., R.K., A.V.B., G.P.W., A.E.P., V.G.F., S.G.L., J.Z.)
| | - Vladimir G Fast
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.G., W.Z., S.M., Y.O., X.LO., R.K., A.V.B., G.P.W., A.E.P., V.G.F., S.G.L., J.Z.)
| | - Xinyang Hu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (X.H.)
| | - Steven G Lloyd
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.G., W.Z., S.M., Y.O., X.LO., R.K., A.V.B., G.P.W., A.E.P., V.G.F., S.G.L., J.Z.)
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison (Z.R.G., Y.G.)
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (L.G., W.Z., S.M., Y.O., X.LO., R.K., A.V.B., G.P.W., A.E.P., V.G.F., S.G.L., J.Z.).
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48
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Protective effects of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived exosomes on high glucose-induced injury in human endothelial cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:4791-4797. [PMID: 29805497 PMCID: PMC5958753 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a family of extracellular vesicles that are secreted from almost all types of cells and are associated with cell-to-cell communication. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived exosomes (hiPSC-exo) on cell viability, capillary-like structure formation and senescence in endothelial cells exposed to high glucose. Exosomes were isolated from the conditional medium of hiPSCs and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blot analysis using Alix and cluster of differentiation-63 as markers. hiPSC-exo were labeled with PKH26 for tracking, and it was determined that spherical exosomes, with a typical cup-shape, were absorbed by human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). Cultured HUVECs were treated with high glucose (33 mM) with or without hiPSC-exo (20 µg/ml) for 48 h, and cell viability, capillary tube formation and senescence were assessed. When exposed to high glucose, viability and tube formation in HUVECs was significantly reduced (P<0.0001), whereas the proportion of senescent cells was higher compared with that in control HUVECs (P<0.0001). Furthermore, hiPSC-exo restored cell viability and capillary-like structure formation, and reduced senescence in HUVECs exposed to high glucose (P<0.0001). However, hiPSC-exo had minimal effects on normal HUVECs. These findings suggest that stem cell-derived exosomes are able to promote cell proliferation, enhance capillary-like structure formation and reduce senescence in endothelial cells exposed to high glucose.
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49
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Das S, Jang J. 3D bioprinting and decellularized ECM-based biomaterials for in vitro CV tissue engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.2217/3dp-2018-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Advanced extrusion-based 3D printing strategies allow the rapid fabrication of complex anatomically relevant architectures. Moreover, they have the potential to fabricate 3D-bioprinted cardiac constructs by depositing cardiac cells with appropriate biomaterials. Heart-derived decellularized extracellular matrices containing a complex mixture of various extracellular molecules provide a comprehensive microenvironmental niche similar to native cardiac tissue. Nonetheless, a major concern persists pertaining to insufficient vascularization and mimicking of the complex 3D architectural features, which can be tackled using 3D printing approaches. In this review, we discuss the advantage and application of decellularized extracellular matrix-based hydrogels for the 3D printing of engineered cardiac tissues. We also briefly talk about the integration of electroactive materials within cardiac patches to improve the myocardium's electrophysiological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanskrita Das
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinah Jang
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (IBIO), Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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50
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Tan SH, Ye L. Maturation of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes: a Critical Step for Drug Development and Cell Therapy. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2018; 11:375-392. [PMID: 29557052 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-018-9801-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are emerging as an invaluable alternative to primarily sourced cardiomyocytes. The potentially unlimited number of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) that may be obtained in vitro facilitates high-throughput applications like cell transplantation for myocardial repair, cardiotoxicity testing during drug development, and patient-specific disease modeling. Despite promising progress in these areas, a major disadvantage that limits the use of hPSC-CMs is their immaturity. Improvements to the maturity of hPSC-CMs are necessary to capture physiologically relevant responses. Herein, we review and discuss the different maturation strategies undertaken by others to improve the morphology, contractility, electrophysiology, and metabolism of these derived cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Hua Tan
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169609, Singapore
| | - Lei Ye
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169609, Singapore.
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